NR Electric PCS-978 User manual

PCS-978
Transformer Relay
Instruction Manual
NR Electric Co., Ltd.

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
I
Date: 2013-01-16
Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR Electric Co., Ltd. is dispatched separately from
manufactured goods and may not be received at the same time. Therefore this guide is provided
to ensure that printed information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the
recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment the user should be familiar with the contents of this
manual, and read relevant chapters carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
Health and Safety
The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Qualified personnel are individuals who:
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
Are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
II
Date: 2013-01-16
Instructions and Warnings
The following indicators and standard definitions are used:
DANGER means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will
occur if safety precautions are disregarded.
WARNING means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur
if safety precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety
precautions are disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to
resulting damage of the protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high
voltage generated is dangerous
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
III
Date: 2013-01-16
CAUTION!
Earthing
The earthing terminal of the equipment must be securely earthed
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Printed circuit board
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when the power supply to the equipment is
on, as this may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check
the supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
Carefully handle the connection cable without applying excessive force.
Copyright
Version: 2.04
P/N: EN_YJBH5100.0086.0205
Copyright © NR 2013. All rights reserved
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
69 SuyuanAvenue. Jiangning, Nanjing 211102, China
Tel: [phone], Fax: [phone]
Website: www.nrelect.com, www.nari-relays.com
Email: [e-mail]
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
We reserve the rights to make technical improvements without notice.

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
IV
Date: 2013-01-16

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
V
Date: 2013-01-16
Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relay’s use and application.
The chapter contents are summarized as below:
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this relay.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this relay.
5 Management
Introduce the management function (measurment and recording) of this relay.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each module of this relay and providing the definition of
pins of each module.
7 Settings
List settings including equipment settings, communication settings, description settings, display
settings, logic link settings and etc., and some notes about the setting application.
8 Human Machine Interface
Introduce the hardware of the human machine interface (HMI) module and a detailed guide for the
user how to use this relay through the HMI. It also lists all the information which can be view
through the HMI, such as settings, measurements, all kinds of reports etc.
9 Configurable Function
Introduce PCS-Explorer software briefly, and list input signals, output signals and signals of
intermediate variable element for programmable.
10 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, the IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
VI
Date: 2013-01-16
11 Installation
Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
12 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this relay.
13 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this relay is outlined.
14 Decommissioning and Disposal
A general decommissioning and disposal policy for this relay is outlined.
15 Manual Version History
List the instruction manual version and the modification history records.
Typographic and Graphical Conventions
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
The following symbols are used in drawings:
&
AND gate
≥1
OR gate
Comparator
BI
Binary signal via opto-coupler
SET I>
Input signal from comparator with setting
EN
Input signal of logic setting for function enabling
SIG
Input of binary signal except those signals via opto-coupler

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
VII
Date: 2013-01-16
OTH
Input of other signal
XXX
Output signal
t
t
Timer
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay dropoff (0ms), non-settable]
[t1] 0ms
Timer (t1: delay pickup, settable)
0ms [t2]
Timer (t2: delay dropoff, settable)
[t1] [t2]
Timer (t1: delay pickup, t2: delay dropoff, settable)
IDMT
Timer (inverse-time characteristic)
*
*
Instrument current transformer
Instrument voltage transformer

Preface
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
VIII
Date: 2013-01-16

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-a
Date: 2012-10-09
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1.1 Application....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Functions ......................................................................................................... 1-4
1.3 Features............................................................................................................ 1-8
1.3.1 General Features .................................................................................................................1-8
1.3.2 Transformer Current Differential Protection.........................................................................1-9
1.3.3 Restricted Earth Fault Protection.......................................................................................1-10
1.3.4 Winding Differential Protection...........................................................................................1-10
1.3.5 Reactor Current Differential Protection.............................................................................. 1-11
1.3.6 Reactor Inter-Turn Fault Protection.................................................................................... 1-11
1.3.7 Overexcitation Protection................................................................................................... 1-11
1.3.8 Mechanical Protection........................................................................................................1-12
1.3.9 Temperature Protection......................................................................................................1-12
1.3.10 Impedance Protection......................................................................................................1-12
1.3.11 Phase Overcurrent Protection..........................................................................................1-12
1.3.12 Ground Overcurrent Protection........................................................................................1-12
1.3.13 Negative-sequence overcurrent protection......................................................................1-13
1.3.14 Phase Overvoltage Protection.........................................................................................1-13
1.3.15 Residual Overvoltage Protection .....................................................................................1-13
1.3.16 Undervoltage Protection...................................................................................................1-13
1.3.17 Thermal Overload Protection...........................................................................................1-13
1.3.18 Measurement ...................................................................................................................1-14
List of Figures
Figure 1.1-1 2-winding and 3-winding applications................................................................. 1-2
Figure 1.1-2 Autotransformer applications ..............................................................................1-3
Figure 1.2-1 Function diagram 1 for protecting a three-winding transformer......................1-5

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-b
Date: 2012-10-09
Figure 1.2-2 Function diagram 2 for protecting an auto-transformer ...................................1-6
Figure 1.2-3 Function diagram 3 for protecting a reactor.......................................................1-6
List of Tables
Table 1.2-1 Protective functions in PCS-978............................................................................1-4
Table 1.2-2 Miscellaneous functions in PCS-978.....................................................................1-6

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-1
Date: 2012-10-08
1.1 Application
PCS-978 is a microprocessor-based relay designed for the protection of a two-winding transformer,
three-winding transformer or auto-transformer in any voltage level, protection of a shunt reactor,
which provides up to 36 analog input channels including current and voltage inputs.
PCS-978 provides full transformer protections configurable by user. Ancillary functions of fault
diagnostic, disturbance records, event records and communication function are integrated in the
relay.
Applications of PCS-978 are shown as below:

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-2
Date: 2012-12-08
(d) 3-winding power transformer
(e) 3-winding power transformer with 2 circuit
breakers on one side
(a) 2-winding power transformer
(b) 2-winding power transformer with 2 circuit
breakers on one side
(c) 2-winding power transformer 2 two circuit
breakers on two sides
(f) 3-winding power transformer with 2 circuit
breakers on two sides
(g) 3-winding power transformer with 2 circuit
breakers on each side
Figure 1.1-1 2-winding and 3-winding applications

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-3
Date: 2012-10-08
(d) autotransformer with 1 circuit
breaker at each sides
(e) autotransformer with 2 circuit breakers on
one side and 1 circuit breaker at the other two
sides
(a) autotransformer with 1 circuit
breaker at two sides
(b) autotransformer with 2 circuit breakers on
one side and 1 circuit breaker at the other side
(c) autotransformer with 2 circuit breakers
on two sides (f) autotransformer with 2 circuit breakers on two
sides and 1 circuit breaker on the other one side
(g) autotransformer with 2 circuit breakers
on each side
Figure 1.1-2 Autotransformer applications

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-4
Date: 2012-12-08
1.2 Functions
Protective Functions
Protective functions of PCS-978 are listed in the following table
NOTE! The protective functions listed in following table are equipped for standard
PCS-978, the functions can be configured according to user request.
Table 1.2-1 Protective functions in PCS-978
Protective function
Transformer biased current differential protection
87T
Transformer unrestrained current differential protection
50/87UT
Transformer DPFC* biased current differential protection.
7/87DT
Reactor biased current differential protection
87R
Reactor unrestrained current differential protection
50/87UR
Reactor DPFC biased current differential protection
7/87DR
Biased restricted earth fault protection
64REF
Biased winding differential protection
87W/87N
Inter-turn fault protection
32G, 21G,
Definite-time overexciation protection
Inverse-time overexcitation protection
24
Underfrequency protection
Overfrequency protection
81U
81O
Mechanical protection
MR
Temperature protection
26
Phase-to-phase impedance protection
Phase-to-earth impedance protection
21P
21G
Definite-time phase overcurrent protection
Inverse-time phase overcurrent protection
50P,51P,67P
Definite-time ground overcurrent protection
Inverse-time ground overcurrent protection
50G,51G,67G
Definite-time ground negative-sequence protection
Inverse-time ground negative-sequence protection
50Q,51Q
Definite-time residual overvoltage protection
Inverse-time residual overvoltage protection
59G
Definite-time phase overvoltage protection
Inverse-time phase overvoltage protection
59P

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-5
Date: 2012-10-08
Protective function
Undervoltage protection
27
Thermal overload protection
49
Breaker failure protection
50BF
Pole disagreement protection
62PD
Phase overcurrent alarm element
50PAlm
Residual overvoltage alarm element
59GAlm
CT saturation detection
Inrush current detection
Overexcitation detection
Harmonic blocking function
Power swing blocking releasing function
PSBR
VT circuit failure supervision
VTS
CT circuit failure supervision
CTS
NOTE! DPFC* is the abbreviation of “Deviation of Power Frequency Component”. In case
of a fault occurred in the power system, the fault component could be analyzed into three
parts: the power frequency components before the fault, the power frequency variables
during the fault and the transient variables during the fault. DPFC is the power frequency
variable during the fault.
Function Diagram
The function diagrams for protecting a three-winding transformer, an auto-transformer and a
reactor are respectively shown below.
*
*
MVS
*
87T
7/87DT
50/87UT
DIFF
PCS-978
49
THEM
HVS
50G,51G.67G
DT, IDMT
ROC
*
*
*64REF
24

** /fU
59P
DT, IDMT
OV
59G
DT, IDMT
ROV
Mechanical signals or
transducer signals
from transformer
LVS
3U0Cal
3I0Cal
27
DT
UV
50PAlm
DT
OC Alarm
MR,
TempProt (26)
50BF
BFP
50P, 51P, 67P
DT, IDMT
OC
81U,81O
UF,OF
62PD
PoleDisag
21
ZPP, ZPG
50Q, 51Q
DT, IDMT
NegOC
Figure 1.2-1 Function diagram 1 for protecting a three-winding transformer

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-6
Date: 2012-12-08
LVS
*
PCS-978
HVS
* * *
CW
*
MVS
*
*
*87T
7/87DT
50/87UT
DIFF
64REF
3U0Cal
50G,51G.67G
DT, IDMT
ROC
50P, 51P, 67P
DT, IDMT
OC 49
THEM
59P
DT, IDMT
OV
27
DT
UV
59G
DT, IDMT
ROV
3I0
50PAlm
DT
OC Alarm
Mechanical signals
and transducer
signals from
transformer
87W
Cal
50BF
BFP
24

** /fU
81U,81O
UF,OF
62PD
PoleDisag
MR,
TempProt (26) 21
ZPP, ZPG
50Q, 51Q
DT, IDMT
NegOC
Figure 1.2-2 Function diagram 2 for protecting an auto-transformer
** *
Shunt
reactor
52
52
52
Bus I
Bus II
Neutral
earthing reactor
CT1
CT2
CT3
VT
Line
***
PCS-978
87R
7/87DR
50/87UR
DIFF
87N
NeuDiff
3I0Cal
3I0Cal
32G
21G
IntTurn
3I0Cal
50P, 51P
DT, IDMT
OC
50N, 51N
DT, IDMT
OC 49
THEM
MR
Mechanical
signals or
transducer signals
from reactor
50G, 51G
DT, IDMT
OC
Figure 1.2-3 Function diagram 3 for protecting a reactor
Miscellaneous functions
Miscellaneous functions are listed in the following table, such as measurement, self-supervision
and oscillography, communication functions, and etc.
Table 1.2-2 Miscellaneous functions in PCS-978

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-7
Date: 2012-10-08
Miscellaneous functions
Measurement
24 samples per cycle for current and voltage measurement
Energy metering
Configurable function
Programmable tripping output matrix
Programmable binary input
Programmable binary output
Programmable LED indicators
Configurable protection function
Self-supervision
Relay hardware supervision and secondary circuit supervision
Oscillography
function
Disturbance
recording
64 fault reports
64 disturbance waveforms
Trigger mode
(1) Protection picks up to trigger
(2) Manual trigger on keypad.
(3) Remote trigger through PCS-Explorer software
Event recording
1024 supervison alarm events
1024 binary input events
1024 device log events
Local HMI
LCD and keypad
Remote HMI
PCS-Explorer software or substation automation system
software
Rear
communication
ports to host
Ports type
RS-485
RJ45 Ethernet
Fiber optic (abbreviated as FO) Ethernet
Protocol type
IEC 60870-5-103
IEC 61850-8-1
DNP 3.0
(Specified when order)
Rear communication port to printer
One RS-485 or RS-232
Time synchronisation
Pulse per second/minute (PPS/PPM)
Clock message via communication ports
IRIG-B via RS-485 differential level
Input and output
Up to 36AC analog input channels
6 DC analog input channels
4 fixed binary input +up to 25 configurable binary inputs
2 equipment alarm and fail output contacts (alarm
NO(normally open) and fail NC(normally closed))
11 signal output contacts (NO)
Up to 22 output contacts (NO) for tripping
(Specified when order)
10 setting groups are available

1 Introduction
PCS-978 Transformer Relay
1-8
Date: 2012-12-08
Miscellaneous functions
Voltage and current drift auto-adjustment
1.3 Features
1.3.1 General Features
Configurable Function
Modules of PCS-978 equipment adopt intelligent design, amount of input and output
modules and module slot position are configurable. User can increase or decrease the
amount of AC input module, binary input module and binary output module, and terminals of
those modules can be defined according to actual requirement. Besides, configurability is
also reflected in software design of equipment, which means that user can hide the
protective element not used or add new protective module not in standard configuration.
Parallel Calculation of Double DSP system
The hardware of equipment comprises a32-bit microprocessor and two 32-bit digital signal
processors (DSP). Those processor can operate in parallel companied by fastA/D converter.
The 64-bit microprocessor performs logic calculation and the DSP performs the protection
calculation. High performance hardware ensures real time calculation of all protection relays
within a sampling interval.
On the premise of 24 samples per cycle, all data measurement, calculation and logic
discrimination could be done within one sampling period. The event recording and protection
logic calculation are completed simultaneously.
Independent Fault Detector
Independent fault detectors in fault detector DSP module for connecting power supply of
output relays. The relay can drive a tripping output only when protection element on
protection DSP module operates with the fault detector in the fault detector DSP module
operating simultaneously. This kind of independent supervision of tripping outputs using fault
detectors can avoid any maloperation possibly caused by any hardware component failure.
This highly increases the security. Please refer to Chapter Hardware for details.
Configurable Tripping output
The tripping output contacts can be configured by tripping matrix and suitable to any mode of
tripping.
Fault Recording Function
Event records including 1024 binary input events and 1024 alarm events
Disturbance records including 64 fault reports, and 64 disturbance waveforms, and file
format of waveform is compatible with international COMTRADE91 and COMTRADE99
file. Up to 80 analog inputs and 200 binary inputs can be recorded, and three