PCB Piezotronics 422E16 User manual

Model 422E16
In-Line Charge Converter
Installation and Operating Manual
For assistance with the operation of this product,
contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
Toll-free: 800-828-8840
24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.pcb.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that
may be found elsewhere in this manual.
Total Customer Satisfaction – PCB
Piezotronics guarantees Total Customer
Satisfaction. If, at any time, for any
reason, you are not completely satisfied
with any PCB product, PCB will repair,
replace, or exchange it at no charge. You
may also choose to have your purchase
price refunded in lieu of the repair,
replacement, or exchange of the product.
Service – Due to the sophisticated nature
of the sensors and associated
instrumentation provided by PCB
Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is
not recommended and, if attempted, may
void the factory warranty. Routine
maintenance, such as the cleaning of
electrical connectors, housings, and
mounting surfaces with solutions and
techniques that will not harm the
physical material of construction, is
acceptable. Caution should be observed
to insure that liquids are not permitted to
migrate into devices that are not
hermetically sealed. Such devices should
only be wiped with a dampened cloth
and never submerged or have liquids
poured upon them.
Repair – In the event that equipment
becomes damaged or ceases to operate,
arrangements should be made to return
the equipment to PCB Piezotronics for
repair. User servicing or repair is not
recommended and, if attempted, may
void the factory warranty.
Calibration – Routine calibration of
sensors and associated instrumentation is
recommended as this helps build
confidence in measurement accuracy and
acquired data. Equipment calibration
cycles are typically established by the
users own quality regimen. When in
doubt about a calibration cycle, a good
“rule of thumb” is to recalibrate on an
annual basis. It is also good practice to
recalibrate after exposure to any severe
temperature extreme, shock, load, or
other environmental influence, or prior
to any critical test.
PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-
9001 certified metrology laboratory and
offers calibration services, which are
accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,
with full traceablility to N.I.S.T. In
addition to the normally supplied
calibration, special testing is also
available, such as: sensitivity at elevated
or cryogenic temperatures, phase
response, extended high or low
frequency response, extended range, leak
testing, hydrostatic pressure testing, and
others. For information on standard
recalibration services or special testing,
contact your local PCB Piezotronics
distributor, sales representative, or
factory customer service representative.
Returning Equipment – Following
these procedures will insure that your
returned materials are handled in the
most expedient manner. Before returning
any equipment to PCB Piezotronics,
contact your local distributor, sales
representative, or factory customer
service representative to obtain a Return
Warranty, Service, Repair, and
Return Policies and Instructions

Materials Authorization (RMA)
Number. This RMA number should be
clearly marked on the outside of all
package(s) and on the packing list(s)
accompanying the shipment. A detailed
account of the nature of the problem(s)
being experienced with the equipment
should also be included inside the
package(s) containing any returned
materials.
A Purchase Order, included with the
returned materials, will expedite the
turn-around of serviced equipment. It is
recommended to include authorization
on the Purchase Order for PCB to
proceed with any repairs, as long as they
do not exceed 50% of the replacement
cost of the returned item(s). PCB will
provide a price quotation or replacement
recommendation for any item whose
repair costs would exceed 50% of
replacement cost, or any item that is not
economically feasible to repair. For
routine calibration services, the Purchase
Order should include authorization to
proceed and return at current pricing,
which can be obtained from a factory
customer service representative.
Warranty – All equipment and repair
services provided by PCB Piezotronics,
Inc. are covered by a limited warranty
against defective material and
workmanship for a period of one year
from date of original purchase. Contact
PCB for a complete statement of our
warranty. Expendable items, such as
batteries and mounting hardware, are not
covered by warranty. Mechanical
damage to equipment due to improper
use is not covered by warranty.
Electronic circuitry failure caused by the
introduction of unregulated or improper
excitation power or electrostatic
discharge is not covered by warranty.
Contact Information – International
customers should direct all inquiries to
their local distributor or sales office. A
complete list of distributors and offices
can be found at www.pcb.com.
Customers within the United States may
contact their local sales representative or
a factory customer service
representative. A complete list of sales
representatives can be found at
www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone
numbers for a factory customer service
representative, in the division
responsible for this product, can be
found on the title page at the front of this
manual. Our ship to address and general
contact numbers are:
PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
3425 Walden Ave.
Depew, NY 14043 USA
Toll-free: [phone]
24-hour SensorLineSM: [phone]
Website: www.pcb.com
E-mail: [email protected]
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354
DOCUMENT REVISION: B
ECN: 17900

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The Model 422E In-Line Charge Converter
Operating Guide with Enclosed Warranty Information
3425 Walden Avenue, Depew, New York 14043-2495
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
E-Mail [email protected]
Toll Free Line 1-800-828-8840
24 Hour Sensor Line 716 684-0001
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MANUAL NUMBER: 18882
MANUAL REVISION: A
ECN: 24741
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table of contents
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Introduction....................................................................................................................... page 3
Description ....................................................................................................................... page 3
Installation........................................................................................................................ page 3
Operation.......................................................................................................................... page 3
Calculation of Output Scaling........................................................................................... page 4
TEDS Functionality........................................................................................................... page 4
Special Considerations..................................................................................................... page 5
422E Series Models for Use with High Temperature Sensors.......................................... page 5
422E Series Models for Use in Radioactive Environments............................................... page 6
ESD Warning Information................................................................................................. page 6
warranty/servicing
Warranty, Service & Return Procedure ............................................................................ page 7
Customer Service............................................................................................................. page 8
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introduction
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The 422E series in-line charge converters are designed to convert the high impedance of a charge
mode piezoelectric transducer to a low-impedance voltage by means of an ICP ® signal conditioner.
These units may be used with either quartz or ceramic charge-mode piezoelectric sensors.
description
The 422E series in-line charge amplifiers operate from an ICP ® signal conditioner. The unit employs a
high gain amplifier to perform the impedance transformation. The charge output of the transducers
may be scaled in terms of acceleration, pressure or force. The output is then mV/g, mV/psi or mV/lb,
respectively.
installation
Connect the 422E series to the transducer with low-noise cable (003A) only. Standard coaxial or two-
wire cable may be used between the amplifier and the signal conditioner, and between the signal
conditioner and the readout device.
Note: For optimum noise performance, the cable length between the sensor and the 422E should be
minimized.
operation
To operate, simply connect the input of the 422E to the transducer using low-noise (003A) cable and
the output to any ICP ® signal conditioner using standard cable. The output of the signal conditioner
may then be connected to an oscilloscope or other monitoring device. This output will be an AC signal
(see specification for actual frequency response) with a DC bias. Many PCB signal conditioners
remove the bias via an AC coupling circuit.
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calculation of output scaling
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The 422E contains a high-gain, low-noise amplifier connected in a charge amplifier configuration. The
charge output of the transducer is transferred to the feedback capacitor of the amplifier to develop a
voltage which may be calculated using the following equation.
Vout = 422E Scaling (mV/pC) x Transducer Sensitivity (pC/Engineering Unit)
where:
Vout = Output of 422E in mV/Engineering Unit
the Engineering Unit may be g’s, Newtons, psi, etc., depending on the sensor
Example: A 357A12 (3 pC/g) is used with a 422E02 (10 mV/pC). Calculate the output in mV/g.
Answer: 10 mV/pC x 3 pC/g = 30 mV/g
TEDS functionality
422E units with a “T” prefix incorporate TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) technology. Using a
TEDS capable signal conditioner, or TEDS reader, the user is able to read calibration data stored in the
sensor. Some systems allow the user to also write user data and calibration information to the 422E.
All data is formatted in accordance with IEEE 1451.4.
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special considerations
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High source capacitance may degrade the performance of the 422E (source capacitance is the input
capacitance defined as transducer capacitance + cable capacitance). In particular, noise may increase
and high frequency response may decrease if source capacitance exceeds the recommended level. In
some cases, low frequency oscillation of the output may occur. The maximum recommended level in
pF’s is determined using the following formula:
maximum recommended source capacitance = 10,000/422E sensitivity in mV/pC
For example, the level for a 422E02/E12 would be 10,000/10 pF = 1,000 pF, and the level for a
422E03/E13 would be 10,000 pF. If PCB 003 type low noise cable is used, these values correspond to
10 meters and 100 meters of length respectively.
422E series models for use with high temperature sensors
The 422E35 (1 mV/pC) and 422E36 (10 mV/pC) have been specifically designed to operate with the
lower insulation resistance values which piezoelectric sensors may exhibit when subjected to very high
temperatures (generally greater than 500°F). Both units will operate with insulation resistances as low
as 10kΩ.
Note: Because of the special circuitry required, the 422E35 and 422E36 have somewhat higher noise
and longer turn on time than the equivalent units designed for use with sensors with high insulation
resistance (the 422E03 and 422E02 respectively). Consult the specifications for details.
Caution! Excessive accumulated charges on the input cables can destroy the field effect transistor
(FET) in the amplifier. These charges can be grounded by shorting the center pin on the cable
connector plug to its knurled nut with any metallic object.
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422E series models for use in radioactive environments
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The 422E65 (1mV/pC) and 422E66 (10mV/pC) were designed to offer resistance to the effects of
radiation exposure up to 1 Mrad Integrated Gamma Flux or 1010 N/cm2of Integrated Neutron Flux.
They are also designed to operate with lower insulation values which piezoelectric sensors may exhibit
when subjected to the high temperatures that generally accompany high levels of radioactivity.
warning 1 – ESD sensitivity
The power supply/signal conditioner should not be opened by anyone other than qualified
service personnel. This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock
hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid injury.
warning 2 – ESD sensitivity
This equipment is designed with user safety in mind; however, the protection provided by the
equipment may be impaired if the equipment is used in a manner not specified by PCB Piezotronics,
Inc.
caution 1 – ESD sensitivity
Cables can kill your equipment. High voltage electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage electrical
devices. Similar to a capacitor, a cable can hold a charge caused by triboelectric transfer, such as that
which occurs in the following:
• Laying on and moving across a rug,
• Any movement through air,
• The action of rolling out a cable, and/or
• Contact with a non-grounded person.
The PCB solution for product safety:
• Connect the cables only with the AC power off.
• Temporarily “short” the end of the cable before attaching it to any signal input or output.
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caution 2 – ESD sensitivity
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ESD considerations should be made prior to performing any internal adjustments on the
equipment. Any piece of electronic equipment is vulnerable to ESD when opened for adjustments.
Internal adjustments should therefore be done ONLY at an ESD-safe work area. Many products have
ESD protection, but the level of protection may be exceeded by extremely high voltage.
warranty
PCB instrumentation is warranted against defective material and workmanship for 1 year unless
otherwise expressly specified. Damage to instruments caused by incorrect power or misapplication, is
not covered by warranty. If there are any questions regarding power, intended application, or general
usage, please consult with your local sales contact or distributor. Batteries and other expendable
hardware items are not covered by warranty.
service
Because of the sophisticated nature of PCB instrumentation, field repair is typically NOT recommended
and may void any warranty. If factory service is required, return the instrumentation according to the
“Return Procedure” stated below. A repair and/or replacement quotation will be provided prior to
servicing at no charge. Before returning the unit, please consult a factory PCB applications engineer
concerning the situation as certain problems can often be corrected with simple on-site procedures.
return procedure
To expedite returned instrumentation, contact a factory PCB applications engineer for a RETURN
MATERIAL AUTHORIZATION (RMA) NUMBER. Please have information available such as model and
serial number. Also, to insure efficient service, provide a written description of the symptoms and
problems with the equipment to a local sales representative or distributor, or contact PCB if none are
located in your area.
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Customers outside the U.S. should consult their local PCB distributor for information on returning
equipment. For exceptions, please contact the International Sales department at PCB to request
shipping instructions and an RMA. For assistance, please call [phone], or fax us at (716) 684-
3823. You may also receive assistance via e-mail at [e-mail] or visit our web site at
www.pcb.com.
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customer service
PCB guarantees Total Customer Satisfaction. If, at any time, for any reason, you are not completely
satisfied with any PCB product, PCB will repair, replace, or exchange it at no charge. You may also
choose, within the warranty period, to have your purchase price refunded.
PCB offers to all customers, at no charge, 24-hour phone support. This service makes product or
application support available to our customers, day or night, seven days a week. When unforeseen
problems or emergency situations arise, call the 24 Hour SensorLine at 716 684-0001, and an
application specialist will assist you.
3425 Walden Avenue, Depew, NY 14043-2495
Phone [phone] Fax [phone] E-Mail elec[email protected]
PCB www.PCB.com IMI www.IMI-Sensors.com Key www.KeyTransducers.com
ISO 9001 Certified
©2001 PCB Group, Inc. In the interest of constant product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice. All prices
are subject to change without notice. PCB, ICP and Modally Tuned are registered trademarks of PCB Group, Inc. TORKDISC is a
trademark of Key Transducers, Inc. Swiveler and Spindler are trademarks of PCB Group, Inc. IMI, SensorLine and Sensors that measure
up! are service marks of PCB Group, Inc. All other trademarks are properties of their respective owners.
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