Piper Aircraft Corporation Cherokee PA-28-140 Manual

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
1
In The Biginning
• Checkhowmanyhoursremainsfornext100hinspectionandchecksquawkbeforetakeairplane.
• Performpre-ightinspectionusingchecklist.Reporttothefrontdeskifyouneedfuel,oilorfoundsome-
thingneedtobecheckedbymechanic.
• Ifthehobbsmeterdoesn’tmuchwiththeoneinthetachsheet,reporttofrontdeskorinstructorbeforestart
theengine.
• Pullouttheairplanewithtowbarbeforestarttheengine.Usetowbarbyonehandandpulltheairplaneby
otherhand.Afterpullout,makesuretowbarisstoredinthebaggagecompartment.
• Donotgrabthedashboardorposttoadjusttheseatposition.Grabthebottomofinstrumentpanelorwin-
dowframe.
• Usebothhandtoopenthedoor.Sometimesthewindblowoutthedoor.
• Donotputanythingonthedashboard.Itwillmakescratchonthewindowshieldandaffectmagneticcom-
passdeviation.
• Aftersecuretheseatbeltandshoulderharness,puttheremainingbeltinbetweenthelegs.
• Thetoesmustbekeptatthebottomoftherudderpedalunlessitisnecessarytousethebrake.Trytomini-
mizetheuseofthebrakeduringtaxi.
• Maketeardropentryandtake#1spotinrunupareaifpossibletomaximizetherunuparea.
• Beforelanding,makesuretoesdon’ttouchthebrakes.
• Afterlanding,performafterlandingchecklist.
• Aftercomebacktotheparking,keepairplaneparalleltothecenterline.DONOTTURNintheparking
row.
• Usetowbartoparktheairplane.NEVERpushthetailandmovetheairplane.Instructormusthelpthe
studenttoparktheairplane.
• Usesecuringchecklist.
• Ifthehobbsmeterstopinthemiddleoftwonumbers,takehighernumber.
• Ifyoundanydeciency,makeentryinthesquawksheetandreporttothefrontdesk.

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
2
Before Maneuver Check
1. Seatbelt,harness-Fasten.
2. Fuelselectorvalve-Fullesttank.
3. Mixture-Rich.
4. Carburetorheat-Off
5. Ignitionswitch-Both
6. Masterswitch-On
7. Primer-Lock
Clearing turn
Complete90degreesturntotheleft,and90degreesturntotheright.Dependontheairspaceandterrain,
rightturnmaybetherst.Watchtheblindspotontheleft,right,behindandbelow.Bankshouldbe15to20
degrees.

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
3
Slow Flight
Entry
1. Throttle-1500RPM,maintainaltitude.
Asyoureducepower,youshouldanticipatepitchdownandyawtotherightDon’twatchtachom-
eterneedletomovefromcruiseto1500RPM.Lookatthehorizonandcowlingasyouuseperipheral
vision.Adjustcontrolpressuretoavoidnosefromdroppingandadjustruddertokeeptheheading
constant.
2. Airspeed85kt-Flap10          
  75kt-Flap25           
  65kt-Flap40 
Theextensionofapcausenosetomovedown.Anticipatethisandyouneedtoaddslightbackpres-
sureonthecontrolwheeltoavoidthis.Watchhorizonandcowling.Don’txyoureyesontheair-
speedindicatorandtheapswitch.Afteryousetfullap,youneedtoapplybackpressuretokeepthe
altitudeconstant.
3. Airspeed40kt-2000RPM
Addrightrudderasyouaddpowertocompensatetheleftturningtendency.PTSrequireyoutomain-
tainminimumcontrollableairspeedwhichisalmost41ktforCherokee140.However,youneedtobe
abletoyatanyspeed.Usetrim.Afterthispoint,generally,pitchcontrolsairspeedandpowercon-
trolsaltitude.Rememberthepitchattitudewhichgivesyou41kt.
Climb
Applyfullpower.Adjustpitchtomaintaintheairspeed.Addrightruddertomaintaintheheading.Forlevel
off,reducepowernecessarytomaintainthealtitude.Adjustpitchtomaintaintheairspeed.
Descent
Reducepowerasnecessary.Adjustpitchtomaintaintheairspeed.Reducerightruddertomaintainthehead-
ing.Forleveloff,addpowernecessarytomaintainthealtitude.Adjustpitchtomaintaintheairspeed.Add
rightruddertocompensatetheleftturningtendency.
Turn
Use10degreesbank.Fortherightturn,youneedtousemorerightrudderbecauseoftheleftturningtenden-
cy.Ontheotherhand,theleftturndosenotrequiremuchleftrudder.Justreducerightrudderalittlebit.
Recovery
1. Throttle-Full,maintainthealtitude.
Addrightruddertocompensatetheleftturningtendency.Adjustpitch“gradually”tomaintainthealti-
tude.Don’tpushnosedownquickly.Pitchshouldbechangedslowlyfromslowightattitude(high)to
cruiseattitude(level).Lookatthehorizonandcowlingasyouscanthealtimeter.
2. Carburetorheat-Off, Flap-25
3. Airspeed66kt-Flap10
4. Airspeed70kt-FlapUp
Theapretractioncausethenosetomoveup.Youneedtoanticipateandaddforwardpressureas
necessarytomaintainthealtitude.Asairspeedincreases,youdon’tneedmuchrightrudderanymore.
Reducerightrudderasneeded.
5. Airspeed80kt-ThrottleCruiseReturntocruiseight.Usetrim.

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
4
Power Off Stall
Entry
1. Throttle-1500RPM 
Maintainaltitude
2. Airspeed85kt-Flap10           
  75kt-Flap25           
  65kt-Flap40 
1through3aresameasslowight.
3. Startdescendat60kt
4. Throttle-IdleIncreasebackpressuretokeepaltitudetoreachstall.
Ifyoudothistoogentle,itwillnotstallbecausetheairowovertheelevatoristooslowtocreate
enoughtaildownforcetocausestall.
Recovery
1. Releasebackpressure.
Youdon’tneedtopushnosedowntoosteep.
2. Throttle-Full,Maintainlevelightattitude.
Don’tlookinsidethecockpit.Yourrighthandisalreadyonthethrottle.Justmoveitforward.Look
horizonandcowling.Adjustcontrolpressuretoestablishlevelightattitude.
3. Flap-25
Afterretracttheapto25,returnyourrighthandonthethrottle.Waitfortheairspeedtoincreaseas
youmaintainlevelightattitude.
4. Airspeed66kt(Vx),Climbattitude
Lookathorizonandthecowlingtoestablishnormalclimbattitude.Andwait.
5. Positiveclimb-Flap10
Avoidpitchchangecausedbyapretraction.
6. Airspeed75kt(Vy)-FlapUp
7. Leveloff,Airspeed80kt-ThrottleCruise

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
5
Power On Stall
Entry
1. Throttle-1500RPM
Maintainaltitude
2. Airspeed66kt-ThrottleFull,Climbattitude(slightlyhigherthannormalclimbattitude)
Noneedtopullnoseupveryhigh.Ifthenoseistoohigh,itwilldropalotandloseexcessivealtitude
afterstall.Toavoidthis,maintainthepitchslightlyhigherthannormalclimbattitudeatwhichair-
speedisdecreasinggradually(about15degreesup).Addbackpressuretokeepthispitchattitudecon-
stantasairspeeddecrease.Lookatthehorizononthebothsideofthecowlingtojudgeyourattitude.
Also,addrightrudderasairspeedgoesdowntokeepcoordinate.
Recovery
1. Releasebackpressure
2. Maintainlevelightattitude.
Releasebackpressuregentlytoreturntothelevelpitch.Waitfortheairspeedtoincrease.
3. Airspeed66kt(Vx),Climbattitude
4. Positiveclimb-Airspeed75kt(Vy)-Leveloff.
Sincethepoweronstallisthesimulationofthedeparturestall,thealtitudeyoubeginthismaneuveris
theairportelevation.Duringrecovery,youshouldn’tgobelowtheoriginalaltitude.Ifyoudoso,that
meanyoucrashontheground.Youshouldnishthismaneuverathigheraltitudethanyoubegin.
5. Airspeed80kt-ThrottleCruise

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
6
Power On Stall (Turning)
Entry
1. Throttle-1500RPM
Maintainaltitude
2. Airspeed66kt-ThrottleFull,Carbheat-Off,Climbattitudewith20degreesbankintodesired
direction(slightlyhigherthannormalclimbattitude)
Recovery
1. Maintainlevelightattitude
2. Airspeed66kt(Vx),Climbattitude
3. Positiveclimb
4. Airspeed75kt(Vy)-Leveloff
5. Airspeed80kt-ThrottleCruise

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
7
Accelerated Stall (Commercial pilot)
Entry
1. Throttle-1,500RPM
Maintainaltitude
2. 45degreesbankcoordinatedturn
3. Increasebackpressuretoreachstall
Recovery at Buffet
1. Releasebackpressure
2. Increasepowertocruise
3. Bank-Zero.
4. Returntolevelight

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
8
Secondly Stall (demonstrated-CFI only)
Entry
1. Throttle-1500RPM 
MaintainaltitudeAirspeed
85kt-Flap10            
75kt-Flap25           
65kt-Flap40
2. Startdescendat65kt
3. Throttle-idle.Increasebackpressuretokeepaltitudetoreachstall.
4. Stallindication,releasebackpressure.
5. Increasebackpressureabruptly.
Recovery
1. Releasebackpressure.
Youdon’tneedtopushnosedowntoosteep.
2. Throttle-Full,Maintainlevelightattitude.
Don’tlookinsidethecockpit.Yourrighthandisalreadyonthethrottle.Justmoveitforward.Look
horizonandcowling.Adjustcontrolpressuretoestablishlevelightattitude.
3. Flap-25
Afterretracttheapto25,returnyourrighthandonthethrottle.Waitfortheairspeedtoincreaseas
youmaintainlevelightattitude.
4. Airspeed66kt(Vx),Climbattitude
Lookathorizonandthecowlingtoestablishnormalclimbattitude.Andwait.
5. Positiveclimb-Landinggear-Up,Flap10
Avoidpitchchangecausedbyapretraction.
6. Airspeed75kt(Vy)-FlapUp
7. Leveloff,Airspeed80kt-Throttle-Cruise,

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
9
Elevator Trim Stall (demonstrated-CFI only)
Entry
1. Throttle-1500RPM 
MaintainaltitudeAirspeed
85kt-Flap10            
75kt-Flap25           
65kt-Flap40
2. Startdescendat65kt
3. Settrimforpitchup
4. Throttle-Full,simulatinggo-around.
Recovery
1. Applyforwardpressureforlevelpitchattitude.
Youdon’tneedtopushnosedowntoosteep.
2. Flap-25
Afterretracttheapto25,returnyourrighthandonthethrottle.Waitfortheairspeedtoincreaseas
youmaintainlevelightattitude.
3. Airspeed66kt(Vx),Climbattitude
Lookathorizonandthecowlingtoestablishnormalclimbattitude.Andwait.
4. Positiveclimb-Landinggear-Up,Flap10
Avoidpitchchangecausedbyapretraction.
5. Airspeed75kt(Vy)-FlapUp
6. Leveloff,Airspeed80kt-Throttle-Cruise,

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
10
Crossed Control Stall (demonstrated- CFI only)
Entry
1. Throttle-Idle 
Maintainaltitude
2. Startdescendat70kt
3. Enterturn..
• Increaserudderinputinthedirectionofturn.
• Useoppositeailerontodecreasebank.
• Increasebackpressuretokeepaltitudetoreachstall.
Recovery
1. Releasebackpressure.
Youdon’tneedtopushnosedowntoosteep.
2. Throttle-Full,Maintainlevelightattitude.
Don’tlookinsidethecockpit.Yourrighthandisalreadyonthethrottle.Justmoveitforward.Look
horizonandcowling.Adjustcontrolpressuretoestablishlevelightattitude.
3. Carbheat-Off
4. Airspeed66kt(Vx),Climbattitude
Lookathorizonandthecowlingtoestablishnormalclimbattitude.Andwait.
5. Positiveclimb
6. Climbat75kt(Vy)
7. Leveloff,Airspeed80kt,Throttle-Cruise,

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
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11
Steep Turn
1. Setup
• Thottle-2200RPM”
• AS-90Kt
2. Enterturnwithaileronandrudder.
3. Whenthebank>30
• ApplybackpressuretokeepALT,
• AddpowertokeepAS
4. Whenthebank=45(Private)/50(Commercial),counterailerontokeepbankconstant
5. 20degreebeforetargetheading,
• Startrolloutwithaileronandrudder
• Releasebackpressure
• Returntolevelightattitude
• Thottle-2200RPM”
6. ForCommercial,reversethecoursetotheotherdirectionimmediately.
1. Setup
• Thottle-2200RPM
• AS-90Kt
2. Enterturnwithaile-
ronandrudder.
3. Whenthebank>30
• Applybackpressureto
keepALT,
• AddpowertokeepAS
4. Whenthebank=45(Private)/50
(Commercial),counteraileron
tokeepbankconstant
5. 20degreebeforetargethead-
ing,
• Startrolloutwithaileronand
rudder
• Releasebackpressure
• Returntolevelightattitude
• Thottle-2200RPM
6. ForCommercial,reversethe
coursetotheotherdirection
immediately.

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
12
Steep Spiral (commercial pilot)
Climbhighenoughtocompletethreeturnsabove1000ftAGL.Selectreferencepointclosetoyou.
Entry
1. Straight-and-level.
2. Abeam,Throttle-Idle
3. Begindescentandturnwith45degreesbank
4. Maintain90kt
5. Adjustbankangletokeepdistanceconstant
6. Openthrottlemomentarytoavoidsparkplugfromfoulingaftereachturnsonupwind
7. Continuethreeturns
Recovery
1. Nose-Levelpitch
2. Power-Cruise,
1. Staright-and-level
ight
2. Abeam
• Throttle-Idle
• Begindescent
andturnwith45
degreesbank 3. Maintain90kt
4. Adjustbankangletokeep
distanceconstant
5. Openthrottlemomen-
tarytoavoidsparkplug
fromfoulingaftereach
turnsonupwind
6. Continuethreeturns
7. Recovery
• Nose-Levelpitch
• Power-Cruise

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
13
Chandelle (commercial pilot)
Staraight-and-levelightatorbelowVa(Throttle2200RPM)
Entry
• 30degreesbank(Useaileronandrudder).
• Startclimb
• Fullpower.
90degreespoint
• Startroll-outgradually.
• Maintainpitchattitudeconstant(applybackpressure)
180degreepoint
• Winglevel.
• Airspeed45~50kt.
• Holdthatattitudemomentary.
Leveloff.Maintainaltitude.
Airspeed80kt-Throttle,-Cruisesetting.
Staraight-and-levelightatorbelow
Va(Throttle2200RPM)
Entry
• 30degreesbank(Useaileronandrudder).
• Startclimb
• Fullpower.
90degreespoint
• Startroll-outgradually.
• Maintainpitchattitude
constant(applybackpressure)
180degreepoint
• Winglevel.
• Airspeed45~50kt.
• Holdthatattitudemomentary.
Leveloff.Maintainaltitude.
Airspeed80kt-Throttle,Prop-
Cruisesetting.

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
14
Lazy Eights (commercial pilot)
Entry:
1.Levelight
2.Throttle2300RPM(Maneuveringorcruisespeedwhicheverislessormanufacturer’srecommendedspeed).
45°Point
1.Max.Pitch-upattitude
2.Bank15°(approx.)
90°Point
1.Bankapprox30°
2.Minimumspeed
3.Maximumaltitude
4.Levelpitchattitude
135°Point
1.Max.Pitch-down
2.Bank15°(approx.)
180°Point
1.Levelight
2.Entryairspeed
3.AltitudesameasEntryaltitude

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
15
Eights On Pylon (commercial pilot)
Entry
• Straight-and-levelightatorbelowVa(Trottle2200RPM).
• Altitude:Aboutpivotalaltitude,=(GS)2/11.3
• Tailwind.45degreetomidpointofthepylons.
Abeamthepylon
• Bankinordertokeepthepylonatthewingtip.
• Adjustpitchtomaintainline-of-sight.Ifthepylonmovesforward,descend.Ifthepylonmovesback,climb.
45degreesbeforedirectdownwind
• Roll-out,straight-and-levelight.
Abeamsecondpylon
• Bankinordertokeepthepylonatthewingtip.
• Adjustpitchtomaintainline-of-sight.Ifthepylonmovesforward,descend.Ifthepylonmovesback,climb.
45degreesbeforedirectdownwind
• Roll-out,straight-and-levelight.
Straight-and-levelightatorbelow
Va(Trottle2200RPM).
Altitude:Aboutpivotalaltitude,
=(GS)2/11.3
Bankinordertokeepthe
pylonatthewingtip.
Roll-out,straight-and-levelight.

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
16
Emergency Descent
Entry
1. Throttle-Idle,begindescent
2. Maintain 110ktswithbankasneeded.
Recovery
3. Targetaltitude+200ft,Nose-Levelpitch
4. Power-Cruise,

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
17
Trafc Pattern Operation (Normal takeoff/landing)
1. Enterrunway(Noap)
2. Throttle-full
3. 55kt-rotate
4. Climbonupwindat75kt(Vy).
5. Complywiththeprocedurespeciedtotheairport.Otherwiseturncrosswindwithin300ftofTPA.
6. Flyrectangularcourse.Applywindcorrection.
7. Turntodownwind.
8. LeveloffatTPA.Setthrottle2000RPM.Trimit.
9. Beforelandingcheck.
10.Abeamnumber,throttle1500RPM,checkairspeed,ap10degrees.Startdescend
Powerreductioncausesnosetodrop.TrytomaintainTPAuntilyouset10ap.Thensetdescendat-
titude.Youraimingpointisrunwaynumber.
11.Turnbase.Flap25degrees.
12.Turnnal.Flap40degrees.Adjustpowerandpitchtoslowdownto65kt.
13.Clearthebrake
Makesurethatyourtoesdoesn’ttouchthebrake.Yourtoemustbeonthelowerpartofthepedalto
avoidlockingthetire.
14.Closethrottle,are,touchdown
15.Lowerthenose,maintaindirectionalcontrol,brake
16.Taxiout,cleartherunway,stop,afterlandingcheck.

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
18
1.Climbat75kt(Vy)
2.Turncrosswind
3.Turndownwind
4.TPA-Leveloff
Throttle-2,000RPM
5.Beforelanding
check
6.Abeamnumber
•Throttle-1,500RPM
•Flap10
•Startdescendat80kt
7.Turnbase
8.Flap25
Descendat70kt
9.Turnfinal
10.Flap40,65kt
11.Clearthebrake
12.Reducepower,flare,
touchdown
13.Taxiout
Afterlandingcheck

Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
19
Short Field Takeoff
Calculateweightandbalancebeforetheightandgureoutthelift-offspeedandthetargetspeedat50ftAGL.
Rotation speed (kts)=55×
√
Current weight
Max. takeoff weight
1. Setap25°.
2. Taxitotheverybeginningoftherunway.
Dependonthetrafcsituation,youdon’tneedtotaxiallthewaytothebeginningoftherunway.You
cantaxiintopositionasnormaltakeoff.
3. Setbrake.Fullpower.Checkenginegauges.
Pumpbrakeacoupleoftimebeforeapplyfullpowertopreventtheairplanefrommoving.
4. Releasebrake.
5. Rotateatselectedspeed.Setpitchupforthetargetspeed.
Trynottochasetheairspeedindicatorneedle.Remember,airspeedindicatorhaslag.Ifyouchase,
airspeedmaybetooslowortoofast.
6. At50ftAGL,lowerthenoseslightly.
Again,don’tchasetheneedleofairspeedindicator.Lookatthepitchattitude.Makesmallchangein
thepitch.Youstillwanttoclimb.Don’tdescend.
7. 66kt,apupgradualy
Check“positiverateofclimb”beforeretract.Onceyouretracttheap,pitchwillchange.Beprepare
forthat.
8. Climbat75kt(Vy).Resumenormalclimb.

Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140
Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone[phone]
20
Soft Field Takeoff
1. Set25°ap.
2. Elevatorfullup
3. Taxiintotherunwaywithminimumbrake.
Noneedtostopontherunwayunlessadvisedbythetower.
4. Jointhecenterline.Applyfullpower.Checkenginegauges.
5. Releaseelevatorbackpressureasairspeedincreasestoattachtheenginecowlingtotheendoftherunway
Iftheotherendoftherunwayiscoveredbythecowling,yournoseistoohigh.Youdon’tneedtokeep
noseveryhigh.Thepurposeistoreducetheweightonthenosegear.
6. Afterliftoffitself,releasebackpressuretostayinthegroundeffect.
Don’tpushnosedown.Youwilldescendveryquick.Lookatthehorizonandthecowlinglikeyou
recoverfromslowight.Pitchmotionshouldbeveryslow.
7. At66kt(Vx),Climbattitude.
8. Positiveclimb,ap10°.
Flapretractioncausesthenosetodrop.Anticipatethisandadjustcontrolpressuretoavoidthis.
9. Climbat75kt(Vy).Resumenormalclimb.