13.5 Compass Mode - Magnetic Declination
13.4 Compass Mode - Applications of the Compass 13.6 Compass Mode - Magnetic Declination Compensation
Tru e No rth
Magnetic
Declination
Magnetic
Declination
Magnetic
North
13.7 Compass Mode - Magnetic Declination at Major Cities
No. Country/Place Major City Declination
1 Afghanistan Kabul +3E
2 Australia Canberra +12E
3 Austria Vienna +3E
4 Bahrain Manama +2E
5 Bangladesh Dhaka +0E
6 Belgium Brussels +0E
7 Brazil Brasilia -21W
8 Canada Ottawa -14W
9 Chile Santiago +3E
10 China Beijing -6W
11 China Hong Kong -2W
12 Costa Rica San Jose -1W
13 Cuba Havana -4W
14 Czech Republic Prague +3E
15 Denmark Copenhagen +3E
16 Egypt Cairo +4E
17 Finland Helsinki +8E
18 France Paris -1W
19 Germany Berlin +3E
20 Greece Athens +4E
21 Hungary Budapest +4E
22 India New Delhi +1E
23 Indonesia Jakarta +1E
24 Israel Jerusalem +4E
25 Italy Rome +2E
26 Japan Tokyo -7W
27 Jordan Amman +4E
28 Kenya Nairobi +0E
29 Korea Seoul -8W
30 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur +0E
31 Mexico Mexico City +6E
32 Nepal Kathmandu +0E
No. Country/Place Major City Declination
33 Netherlands Amsterdam +0E
34 New Zealand Wellington +22E
35 Norway Oslo +2E
36 Pakistan Islamabad +2E
37 Philippines Manila -1W
38 Portugal Lisbon -3W
39 Russia Moscow +10E
40 Singapore Singapore +0E
41 South Africa Cape Town -24W
42 Spain Madrid -2W
43 Sweden Stockholm +5E
44 Switzerland Bern +1E
45 Taiwan Tai-pei -4W
46 Thailand Bangkok -1W
47 UAE Abu Dhabi +2E
48 United Kingdom London -2W
49 United States Washington, DC -11W
50 United States Juneau +22E
51 United States Phoenix +11E
52 United States Little Rock +1E
53 United States Sacramento +14E
54 United States Denver +9E
55 United States Atlanta -4W
56 United States Honolulu +10E
57 United States Boston -15W
58 United States Saint Paul +1E
59 United States Jackson +0E
60 United States Santa Fe +9E
61 United States Oklahoma City +5E
62 United States Salem +16E
63 United States Harrisburg -11W
64 United States Salt Lake City +12E
NOTE: Since magnetic declination will be changed as going with time, recommend to check the update data from following site:
http://www.magnetic-declination.com/ & http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomagmodels/Declination.jsp
What is Magnetic Declination
!
!
!The angular difference between Magnetic North Pole
and True North Pole is called magnetic declination. Its
magnitude (degrees and minutes) and direction
(easterly and westerly) depend on where you are in the
world.
!
!The Watch also includes a compensation setting for
Magnetic Declination. Check the coming section
"
for more details.
Magnetic Declination Information
!Most topographic maps include a small arrow which
shows the magnetic north pole and magnetic
declination information.
!For the benefit of the user, this m a n u a l i n c l u d e s t h e
magnetic declinations for some major cities. Check the
coming section 'Magnetic Declination at Major Cities'
for more details.
!For those cities, their names are not included on the
list, please check the online magnetic declination
information at:
1.http://www.geolab.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag/e_cgrf.html
2.Http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/cgi-
bin/seg/gmag/fldsnth1.pl
The Magnetic North Pole is slightly different from the
True North Pole.
The WeatherMaster, like most magnetic compass,
points to the Magnetic North Pole. On the contrary,
everything measured on a map is related to the True
North Pole.
For a serious compass user who intends to perform an
accurate navigation, the compass must be adjusted for
magnetic declination.
Calibrating the compass - Magnetic Declination Mode"
Check your position by Backward Bearing Directions
!Spot two distant identifiable landmarks like mountains,
light-house, fort or building from your current position,
for example the mountains A and B.
!Check out the backward bearing directions of
mountains A and B from your current position, for
example 135 from mountain A and 270 from
mountain B.
!Use a ruler to draw a line 135 from the north at the
mountain A to your current position on the map. Draw
another line 270 from the north at the mountain B to
your current position on the map.
!Your curren t posit i o n on the m a p w i ll b e t he
intersection (poin t A) of t he l ines 135 from the
mountain A and 270
!Check the Trek Course Correctly
!During a trekking, the Watch can keep your course in
a correct way. For example, the correct trail starts
from point A and finishes at point E as drawn on the
adjacent map.
!Mark the points (identifiable landmarks) where the trail
turns its direction or the trail branches its way, such
as the points A, B, C, D and E on the adjacent map.
!Find out the bearing directions of point B from point A
(315 ), point C from point B (0 ), point D from point C
(225 ), and then point E from point D (315 ).
!During the trekking, make sure that the heading
direction is 315° from point A to point B. Performing
the similar checking in other sections of the trail
helps you keep your course correctly.
IMPORTANT: If you are in doubt of the directions and
positions of the trail, consult the park administration office
before starting the trekking.
° °
°
°
°
° from the mountain B.
° °
° °
4110 m
2120 m
3120 m
point A
(starting point)
point B
A Sample Trail on a Map
point D
point E
(finish point)
point C
315°
225° 0°
315°
mountain B
Check Current Position By Backward Bearing
mountain A
270°
135°
point A
0
0
Magnetic Declination Compensation
!To compensate for an object's bearing, either
subtract westerly (W) magnetic declination or add
ea s t e r l y (E ) m a g n e t i c de c l i n a t i o n w i th th e
magnetic bearing.
° °
° °
° °
° °
!Example 1: Westerly magnetic declination
23°and the compass needle points 323°.
!TB = MB - W. When MB = 323 ; W =23
!TB = 323 - 23
!TB = 300°
!The true bearing is 300°.
!Example 2: Easterly magnetic declination 22°
and the compass needle points 278°.
!TB = MB + E. When MB = 278 ; E = 22
!TB = 278 + 22
!TB = 300°
!The true bearing is 300°.
!The Watch allows y o u to c o m pensate t h e
compass bearing at a place where the magnetic
declinatio n i s either Westerly declination or
Easterly declination.
!Check the coming section "Calibrating the
Compass" for more details of the setting.
Compensate th e Bearin g
with Weste rly (W ) Mag netic Declin atio n
Compensate th e Bearin g
with E aste rly (E ) Ma gnetic Declin atio n
Tru e Bearin g (TB) =
Magnetic Bearin g (MB ) - Westerly Magn etic Decli nati on (W)
Tru e Bearin g (TB) =
Magnetic Bearin g (MB ) + Easterly Magnetic De clination (E)
300° (TB) = 278° (MB) + 22° (E )
300° = (MB) - 23 (W ) (TB) 323° °
magnetic
declination
23° W
magnetic
declination
22° E
true
bearing
300°
true
bearing
300°
magnetic
bearing
323°
magnetic
bearing
278°
true north
0°
true north
0°
magnetic
north
magnetic
north
object B
object B
point A
point A