Q Imaging Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 User manual

i
Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 User’s Manual
Applicability
This document applies to the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 camera. For the latest updates, please visit
WWW.QIMAGING.COM.
Notice of Copyright
Copyright2003 Quantitative Imaging Corporation. All rights reserved. Unauthorized duplication of
this document is prohibited.
Trademarks and Proprietary Names
QImaging, Retiga, and QCapture are trademarks of QImaging. Product names mentioned in this
document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of QImaging or other hardware, software, or
service providers and are used herein for identification purposes only. Microsoftand Windowsare
registered trademarks in the U.S. and other countries of Microsoft Corporation and are used herein
for identification purposes only. Appleand Macintoshare registered in the U.S. and other
countries by Apple Computer, Inc. and are used herein for identification purposes only.
QImaging Corporation Address Information
4401 Still Creek Drive,
Suite 100, Willingdon Business Park
Burnaby, BC, Canada V5C 6G9
604.708.5061
WWW.QIMAGING.COM
QImaging Technical Support
Technical support is available to all registered users of QImaging products from 9am to 5pm Pacific
Standard Time.
[e-mail]
604.708.5061
WWW.QIMAGING.COM/SUPPORT/CONTACT/

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CONTENTS
Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 User’s Manual ...................................................................... i
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
Power Requirements ................................................................................................... 1
Host Requirements ...................................................................................................... 1
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) Interface ................................................................................. 2
Cables .......................................................................................................................... 2
Imaging Software for Your Camera ........................................................................... 2
INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................. 4
Step 1. Install the 1394 PCI card (Windows Users Only) .......................................... 4
Step 2. Install Your Imaging Software ....................................................................... 5
Step 3. Connect the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 ....................................................... 5
CAMERA BASICS ........................................................................................................... 9
Turning the Camera On and Off ................................................................................. 9
Connecting the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 to your Optics ...................................... 9
Understanding the LED Indicators ............................................................................. 10
Capturing Images with the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 ............................................ 10
ADVANCED CAMERA CONTROLS ............................................................................. 11
Integration Controls .................................................................................................... 11
Triggering the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 Extenally ............................................... 14
Gain and Offset Controls ............................................................................................ 15
CARING FOR YOUR CAMERA ..................................................................................... 17
TROUBLESHOOTING ..................................................................................................... 18
Resolving Problems with the camera .......................................................................... 18
Unresolved Problems - Contacting QImaging Support .............................................. 19
GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................... 20
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 22
APPENDIX A: External Trigger Port ........................................................................ 22
APPENDIX B: Gate Input .......................................................................................... 24

1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The QImaging Intensified Retiga digital camera system is a megapixel high quantum efficiency
intensified 12-bit FireWire camera for demanding low-light and high-speed imaging applications. The
Intensified Retiga utilizes an 18mm Gen III image intensifying photomultiplier tube with high-speed
gate control for nanosecond exposures. The photomultiplier tube is fiber-optically coupled to a 2/3
inch megapixel progressive interline CCD. The FireWire IEEE 1394 digital interface allows ease of use
and installation with a single cable and requires no framegrabber. A Software Development Kit (SDK)
is available upon request for interfacing with custom software.
Power Requirements
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 can be powered through a single IEEE 1394 (FireWire) cable.
•Power: 10 watts
•Input voltage range: 8 - 24 volts
Host Requirements
For Windows PCs:
•PentiumCPU, running at 300MHz.
•256 MB RAM.
•Video card with 8 MB video memory capable of 32-bit color output.
•Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Millennium Edition (ME), Windows 2000,
or Windows XP Professional.
•If the PC is not equipped with a FireWire card, the supplied card must be installed.

2
For Mac OS Computers:
•PowerPC-based Macintosh with an OHCI compliant IEEE 1394 port (G4 and iMac
models).
•iMac models may not provide enough power to cooled cameras. QImaging’s IEEE 1394
HUB may be required to power the camera. Contact QImaging for ordering information.
•Mac OS 9.1, 9.2 or X
•256 MB+ RAM
•All the G4 and iMac models are equipped with a FireWire card. The supplied IEEE 1394 PCI
is not required for Mac OS computers.
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) Interface
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 is powered and controlled through an IEEE 1394 (FireWire) digital
interface. A single FireWire connection from the camera to the computer allows full control of the
camera and rapid image data transfer from the camera to the computer.
Cables
A 10-foot FireWire interface cable is included with the camera. One end of this cable connects to
either of the available FireWire ports at the back of the camera; the other end of the cable plugs into
your computer’s 6-pin FireWire port.
Some computers have 4-pin FireWire ports. These ports may be used if they are OHCI compliant, but
you will need to purchase a 4-pin to 6-pin FireWire cable from your local computer store. If you
connect the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 to a 4-pin FireWire port, you likely need to use an external
power supply.
What is the difference between 4-pin and 6-pin FireWire ports?
FireWire cables are available in two varieties: 4-pin and 6-pin. 6-pin FireWire cables are capable of
providing both power and a communication interface between the camera and computer while 4-pin
cables provide only a communication interface. Some laptop computers have 6-pin FireWire jacks that
do not provide power. If your computer has such a port, you will have to power your Intensified Retiga
Fast 1394 by attaching an external power supply to the system.
Imaging Software for Your Camera
Industry Standard Imaging Applications
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 works with industry-standard Windows and Mac OS imaging
software. Please go to the following URL for an up to date listing of third party software companies
that support QImaging cameras. HTTP://WWW.QIMAGING.COM/ALLIANCES/

3
QCapture Suite Software
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 operates on both Windows and Mac OS based systems. QCapture
Suite Software for both systems is available at WWW.QIMAGING.COM. The easy-to-use QCapture
software gives you complete control over the camera’s settings and image capture functions.
QCapture Suite also includes a TWAIN-compliant interface that allows many Windows image-editing
applications to acquire images using QImaging cameras.

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CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION
Step 1. Install the 1394 PCI card (Windows Users Only)
This step is for Windows PC users only. If you are installing the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 on a Mac
OS computer, please skip to Step 2.
Check your computer for an existing FireWire port:
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 connects to your Windows PC via a FireWire port. If you already have
a FireWire port, you do not have to install the IEEE 1394 PCI card. Check the connectors at the back
of your PC for a port that matches the FireWire ports on your camera (Figure 1 and Figure 2).
Figure 1— 6-pin to 6-pin FireWire (IEEE 1394) Port connection
Figure 2— 6-pin to 4-pin FireWire (IEEE 1394) Port connection
IMPORTANT: Follow these steps in order to complete the installation.
DO NOT CONNECT the camera until the camera driver is installed.
1. Windows PC users only: Install the IEEE 1394 PCI card - only if necessary.
2. Imaging Software - Install the software and drivers that your new QImaging
camera needs to capture images.
3. Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 - Connect the camera to your computer using the supplied
IEEE 1394 cable.
DO NOT CONNECT the camera until you have a functioning FireWire port in
your computer and the camera driver is installed.
Camera Computer
Camera Computer

5
If your PC does not have a functioning FireWire port, you must install the IEEE 1394 PCI card that came
with your camera.
If necessary, install the supplied IEEE 1394 PCI card:
•Shut down your computer.
•Open the case, and install the supplied IEEE 1394 card into an empty PCI slot. See the user’s
manual for your computer for complete instructions on installing new PCI cards.
•Restart your computer. Windows should automatically install the appropriate software
drivers for the card.
Step 2. Install Your Imaging Software
Once the IEEE 1394 card is installed in your computer, you are ready to install the FireWire drivers and
imaging software. See your Imaging Software User’s Guide for complete installation instructions.
Step 3. Connect the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394
Once your imaging software is installed, connect your camera. There are two different types of
connections. In most cases, the FireWire cable provides the necessary power required by the
Intensified Retiga Fast 1394. However, if your camera is cooled you may need to provide additional
power to the camera in one of the ways listed in the following figures. Most noteably, you will need
to either connect your camera with a 1394l power supply or through an IEEE 1394 HUB. Both items
are available from your QImaging dealer.

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Connecting the camera to a PC/MAC desktop or MAC laptop Computer
Perform the following for connecting your camera.
•Remove the FireWire cable from the camera box, and plug one end of the cable into one
of the camera’s FireWire sockets (either socket is fine).
Figure 3— Camera FireWire Sockets.
•Plug the other end of the cable into a FireWire port on your computer
Figure 4— Desktop Computer FireWire Connection
There are some cases when connecting to a PC or Mac desktop or Mac laptop computer where not
enough power is supplied through the IEEE 1394 cable. If this is the case, you may receive an Error
1394
AUX
-
+
FI REWI RE P ORT S
Camera Computer

7
Code 28 or the software not working consistently. In this case, external power must be delivered to
the camera which can be accomplished by connecting the camera via one of the following methods.
•Connection of an 1394 power supply with your camera is as follows:
Figure 5— FireWire and 1394 Power Supply Connection
•Connection of a 1394 IEEE HUB with your camera is as follows:
Figure 6— FireWire and IEEE 1394 HUB Connection
Connecting the camera to a PC laptop computer
There are two common connection varieties for laptop computers;
1Built-In Firewire port, or
2PCMCIA Card.
1. Built-In 4-pin or 6-pin Firewire Port
There are cases with PC laptops where a built-in 6-pin FireWire port is available. If this is the case
with your computer, it is possible that the two power pins on the Firewire port have been
disabled, allowing only data communications. If you have such a connection or if you have a
built-in 4-pin connector, you will need to power the camera.
If you purchased a 1394 power supply from QImaging, connect your camera as follows:
Camera Computer
110/240 VAC
Camera Computer
110/240 VAC
1394 HUB

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Figure 7— FireWire and 1394 Power Supply Connection
If you purchased an IEEE 1394 HUB, connect your camera as per the following figure.
Figure 8— FireWire and IEEE 1394 HUB Connection
2. PCMCIA Card with a 4-pin/6-pin Firewire Port
In some cases, laptop computers have a firewire port from a PCMCIA card. Most of these
PCMCIA cards allow an external connection directly to the card. If this is the case, and the
PCMCIA connector is a 6-pin connector, then you should connect the power to your PCMCIA
card and connect your camera as per Figure 9. However, if you have a 4-pin PCMCIA card
Firewire port, then you will need to connect your camera in the configuration of either Figure 7
or Figure 8.
Figure 9— FireWire and 6-pin IEEE 1394 PCMCIA Connection
Camera
Computer
110/240 VA
C
Not
Connected
Port1
Port2
Camera Computer
110/240 VAC
1394 HUB
Computer
110/240 VAC

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CHAPTER 3
CAMERA BASICS
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394’s image capture capabilities are controlled entirely by your imaging
software. This chapter provides basic instructions for working with the camera itself.
Turning the Camera On and Off
To turn the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 on, all you need to do is to flip the power switch to the “|”
position ensuring that you have the appropriate configuration of “Step 3” in the “Introduction”
section. Refer to this step for all system configurations ensuring that the FireWire cable(s) are
connected as specified. If power is supplied, the GREEN LED will turn on.
To turn the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 off, all you need to do is to flip the power switch to the “O”
position. This will turn your camera off. The GREEN LED will turn off.
Figure 10— Power Switch on the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394
Connecting the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 to your
Optics
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 connects directly to widely available C-mount optics. C-mount optics,
which are standard on most microscopes and lenses.
To attach the camera to a microscope:
Carefully thread the camera onto the microscope’s C-mount adapter, rotating the camera until it is
mounted securely. Use the microscope controls to adjust focus.
To attach a C-mount lens to the camera:
Carefully thread the C-mount lens onto the camera’s lens ring, rotating the lens in a clockwise
direction until it is mounted securely. Use the lens controls to adjust focus.
1394
AUX
-
+
POWER
SWI T CH

10
To attach F-mount optics:
If you have a monochrome camera and you have purchased the optional color filter, then carefully
thread the color filter to the C-mount ring on the camera. The opposite end of the color filter is a
female F-mount connector. Carefully connect your F-mount optics to the open connector of the color
filter until it is mounted securely. Use your optics controls to adjust focus.
NOTE: If you did not purchase a color filter, then you will need to purchase a C to F mount adapter
to allow the connection of F-mount optics. Your camera does not need to be monochrome in this
situation.
Understanding the LED Indicators
The LED indicators at the back of the camera give you important information about what your camera
is doing:
•GREEN: The green LED is the power indicator. This LED should always be lit when the
camera is connected to your computer and is turned on.
•RED: The red LED is the gate indicator. It flashes briefly when the photomultiplier’s gate is
open and able to accept incoming light. NOTE: The intensifier tube is vulnerable to damage
when the red LED is on.
•AMBER: The amber LED is the cooling indicator. It illuminates only on cooled cameras - and
only when cooling is turned on. If you turn off cooling (a setting in your imaging software),
the amber LED will turn off too.
Capturing Images with the Intensified Retiga Fast
1394
Consult your imaging application’s user’s manual for more details.

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CHAPTER 4
ADVANCED CAMERA CONTROLS
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 employs several imaging elements to achieve high dynamic range,
high sensitivity imaging with fast gating capabilities. The camera’s electronics can control these
elements in concert making it easy for the user to acquire images. Some applications demand
sophisticated control over the imaging elements. The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 provides the user
with such control to capture images that are, for example, synchronized to fast external events or
optimized for an intensity range of interest. This section explains the operation and control of the
various imaging elements employed by the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394.
Integration Controls
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 has two shutter elements that control integration: The Image
Intensifier Tube Gate and the CCD Electronic Shutter. When acquiring images, the gate and CCD
shutter are controlled in concert. This is achieved either by the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394’s
electronics, or by specially timed electrical pulses provided to the camera by the user.
Image Intensifier Tube Gate
The gate control of the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394’s Image Intensifier tube effectively works as a very
fast and precisely controlled shutter element. Like a shutter, the tube only passes light when the gate
is open. By using the gate as a shutter, the camera can achieve very short exposure times. The gate
can be controlled either by the camera’s electronics or directly by the user through the gate input.
CCD Electronic Shutter
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394’s CCD has an electronic shutter. This shutter is relatively slow in
comparison to the Image Intensifier tube’s gate. The CCD’s shutter can be controlled either by the
camera’s electronics or by the user through the External Trigger Port.
Integration Modes
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 has two integration modes: Synchronous and User Controlled.
Synchronous mode allows the user to control the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 in the same way as any
other QImaging camera, where all the details of shuttering and gating are handled by the Intensified
Retiga Fast 1394’s electronics. User Controlled mode requires the user to provide shutter and gate
control signals to the camera. While this mode is more complicated, it provides the user with more
control over the camera’s integration, which is required in some applications.
The Integration Mode is implicitly selected by the Trigger Mode selected in software, Table 1 shows
which Integration Mode is used by each Trigger Mode.
Synchonous
In synchronous mode, the camera’s electronics control both the CCD’s electronic shutter and the
photmultiplier tube gate in concert. Images are exposed for the exposure time selected in
software. Figure 11 is a timing diagram of the camera’s operation in this mode.

12
Figure 11— Synchronous Gate Mode Timing Diagram
User Controlled
In User Controlled Mode, the CCD’s Electronic Shutter and Image Intensifier Gate are controlled
explicitly through the External Trigger Port and Gate Input respectively. This mode allows the user
to tailor the activity of the shutter gate to their application. Figure 12 is a timing diagram of the
camera’s operation in user controlled mode where the gate is opened and closed arbitrarily to
capture multiple events in a single image. Note: the gate control is active low.
Note that both the CCD’s Electronic Shutter and the Image Intensifier Gate must be opened
simultaneously in order for events to be captured.
Figure 12— User Control Gate Mode Timing Diagram
Triggering Integration
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 integration can be triggered either by the camera’s electronics, or
externally by the user through the External Trigger Port and Gate Input. When operating in an external
trigger mode, the user must provide appropriate electrical signals to the trigger port and gate inputs.
ttD
Trigger Signal
Internally
Generated Gate
Internally
Timed Exposure
Trigger Event
(rising edge)
User CCD
Exposure Pulse
User Gate Control
Gate Can be opened and closed arbitrarily by user to capture desired events.

13
The Trigger mode is selected in software and determines the trigger source, gate source, and whether
the exposure time is controlled by the camera’s or the user’s electronics. Table 1 shows which
configuration corresponds to each Trigger Mode.
External Trigger Port
Triggering the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 can be done in one of two ways: Synchronous Integration
Mode or User Controlled Integration Mode.
In Synchronous Integration Mode, an edge on the trigger pin of the External Trigger Port is interpreted
as a trigger event. If the camera is not busy when a trigger event is detected, an exposure will be
triggered after a trigger delay (see the section on Trigger Delay for more information). Figure 11
shows a timing diagram of the camera's operation in this mode.
In User Controlled Integration Mode, the level on the trigger pin of the External Trigger Port controls
the CCD's electronic shutter directly. That is, the shutter is open for the duration that the pulse is
active. If the camera is busy, it will ignore the pulse. Figure 12 shows a timing diagram of the camera's
operation in this mode.
Gate Input
The Gate Input of the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 is a BNC connector that accepts fast negative TTL
pulses. This port is electrically isolated from the camera's electronics. See Appendix B for further
information and schematics of the Gate Input.
The Gate Input is only used in User Controlled Integration Mode. In this mode, the Gate Input
explicitly controls the Image Intensifier Tube Gate.
Trigger Delay
The Trigger Delay is the delay between an external trigger event and the start of exposure. The
Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 allows the user to control the Trigger Delay in software. User control over
the Trigger Delay facilitates easy synchronization of the camera's exposure with external events.
The Trigger Delay is valid only in some Trigger Modes as shown in Table 1.

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Triggering the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 Extenally
Externally triggering the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 provides a sophisticated method of imaging and
synchronizing your camera to other parts of your system. To use this feature effectively, it is important
to understand the operation and configuration of your camera.
The External Trigger Port of the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 is a 6-pin miniature circular DIN connector.
This port accepts digital logic signals that are used to control the camera's integration. The External
Trigger Port is optically isolated from the camera's electronics. For this reason, the user must provide
power to the External Trigger Port. See Appendix A for a pinout and schematic diagram of the
External Trigger Port.
In externally triggered modes of operation, the user inputs a pulse on the External Trigger Port that
controls the camera's integration in one of two ways depending on the triggering mode.
Triggering Modes
When using External Triggering,there are two different types of triggering modes: Edge High/Low and
Pulse High/Low. The Edge mode allows the camera to start integrating on the rising or falling edge
of the trigger pulse with the integration time controlled internally by the camera. Using this method
allows you to externally trigger the camera as fast as possible, and allows you to take advantage of
the simultaneous readout and exposure function.
Pulse Mode allows the user to control the integration period where the time is dictated by the duration
of the pulse. If “Pulse High” mode is used, then the time the pulse is high is the time of the integration
period. Vice versa for “Pulse Low” mode.
Connecting External Sources to the Camera
Before you can begin to externally trigger your camera, you need to connect the necessary trigger
signal source to the camera. To do this you need to ensure that you have a 6-pin miniature circular
Trigger Mode Trigger Source Exposure Control Gate Source Trigger Delay Diagram
Continual Intenal to
Camera
Internal to Camera Internal &
synchronous
to expose
0 Figure 11
Edge Hi/Lo External Trigger
Port
Internal to Camera Internal &
synchronous
to expose
User Controlled Figure 11
Pulse Hi/Lo External Trigger
Port
Length of User
Pulse
BNC Gate
Input
Not Applicable Figure 12
Software QCAM API
Trigger Event
Internal to Camera Internal &
synchronous
expose
0 Figure 11
Table 1—Trigger Sources and Integration Modes

15
din cable and ensure that the pinouts are set correctly from your trigger source. Refer to Appendix A
for further details on pin assignments and a diagram of the mini-din connector.
There are several ways that you can provide an external pulse to the camera, one of them being via
the QImaging External Trigger Board, which is available through QImaging, and another common
device is a function generator. To trigger the camera, you need to provide a 5V TTL pulse though the
pin stated in Appendix A.
To ensure that you will use the external triggering mechanism correctly, it is important to ensure that
the following questions have been answered when devising or architecting your system design:
•Has a system design been developed that incorporates the necessary elements such as:
•a Timing Diagram,
•Flow of Events (e.g. a simple state diagram),
•necessary components (e.g. microscope, flash lamp, shutter etc),
•a software solution for extracting and/or processing your images,
•External Triggering source (e.g. QImaging Trigger board, function generator etc)
•Have you Determined the type of triggering mode you require for you application.
•Are you sure the settings in the camera have been set correctly. For instance, are your
monitoring the SYNCB output and if so have you set the correct output mode for your
system?
The above list should be used as a guide and should be consulted before contacting QImaging
Technical Support.
Gain and Offset Controls
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 has three controls that allow the user to optimize the range of the
camera's imaging elements to specific applications. The three controls are Optical Gain, Electrical
Gain, and Electrical Offset.
Image Amplifier Element
The optical gain element employed by the Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 is a Image Intensifier or
intensifier tube. The Image Intensifier tube is shown in Figure 13. The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394's
Image Intensifier tube provides high enough gain in the optical domain such that the Intensified Retiga
Fast 1394 can discern single photons incident on the Image Intensifier tube.
For a given exposure time and lighting condition, the optical gain is optimally set when the brightest
point of interest in the image almost saturates the CCD's electron wells. The optical gain of the
Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 is controlled in software by the Intensifier Gain control.

16
Figure 13— Diagram of Image Intensifier Tube Assembly
Electrical Gain and Offset
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394's electrical gain and offset controls allow the user to map an image's
intensities of interest to the camera's digital range. This mapping is performed in the analog domain
and thus avoids the quantization errors incurred when the mapping is performed in the digital
domain.
Most users wish to operate the camera in a mode that maximizes dynamic range. The factory default
electrical gain and offset are calibrated values that maximize the dynamic range. The electrical gain
and offset can be controlled in software by the CCD Gain and Offset controls.
CCD Window
Fiber Optic Taper
Incident Photons
Window
Microchannel Plate
Photocathode
High Power
Voltage Supply
Fluorescent Screen

17
CHAPTER 5
CARING FOR YOUR CAMERA
The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 camera requires no regular maintenance except occasional external
cleaning of the photomultiplier window (the glass window between the camera sensor and the
microscope or lens).
To clean the photomultiplier tube window:
CAUTION — The camera’s photomultiplier, CCD sensor, and circuits are
sensitive to static discharge. Ensure you are using a static strap or are
completely grounded at all times to release any static energy before you
clean the photomultiplier window.
•Use clean forced air (available at stores that sell cameras and computer cleaning supplies)
to dust the photomultiplier window.
CAUTION — Do not use acetone.
•If the image still appears dirty, gently wipe the face of the photomultiplier window with a
small amount of optical grade isopropyl alchohol and lens paper.
•Apply forced air again to remove any loose particles.
Protecting the intensifier and CCD:
•Do not operate the camera in environments that exceed 10-4 foot candles in light intensity.
•Ensure the gate is not left open while not in use.
•Do not shine light into the camera while camera is in use.
CAUTION — The Intensified Retiga Fast 1394 can be damaged by
exposure to light. Care should be taken when in use. Before leaving the
camera, ensure the red LED on the back of the camera is off, as this
indicates that the camera is still in a state that is vulnerable to light
damage.