Quark-Elec QK-A024 User manual

QK-A024/26 Manual
V 3.0 1 of 16 2020
QK-A024/26 Manual
Wireless AIS + GPS Receiver
(GPS: A026 only)
With NMEA Multiplexer + WiFi
Features
•Two independent receivers monitoring AIS channels (161.975MHz & 162.025MHz) and decoding
both channels simultaneously.
•Sensitivity up to -105 dBm@30% PER
•Up to 35 nautical miles receiving range
•USB 2.0 powered (QK-A024: <120mA@5.0V) (QK-A026: <16[email protected])
•NMEA 0183 message output through WiFi, USB and NMEA 0183
•Built-in GPS to provide positional data (No GPS connection in A024)
•Combines NMEA input (4800bps default, configurable) and AIS messages (+GPS in A026), and
outputs as a seamless stream of data
•BNC connector for 50 Ohm VHF antenna
•Powered SMA connector for 50 Ohm GPS antenna
•Ad-hoc and Station operating modes
•The internal WiFi access point connects up to 4 devices simultaneously
•Plug & Play connectivity with chart plotters and PCs
•Compatible with Windows, Mac, Linux, Android and iOS (Initial configuration must be completed
using Windows software.)
•This device connects to NMEA 0183 and is compatible with RS422 output devices. NMEA 0183-
RS232 devices can connect to our device by using the Protocol Bridge (QK-AS03)
•This device does not come pre-loaded with map data. We advise using openCPN or other similar
software for map data. Some Apps may charge for map use

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Contents
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................3
1.1. What is AIS?........................................................................................................................3
1.2. The A024/26........................................................................................................................3
1.3. Products covered by this manual ........................................................................................3
2. Connections.....................................................................................................................................4
3. Installation and Operation................................................................................................................5
3.1. Mounting..............................................................................................................................5
3.2. Power...................................................................................................................................5
3.3. VHF/AIS Antenna ................................................................................................................6
3.4. GPS input (A026 only).........................................................................................................6
3.5. NMEA input and output connection.....................................................................................7
NMEA 0183 Default Baud Rates:............................................................................7
NMEA 0183 RS422 / RS232:..................................................................................7
3.6. WiFi Output..........................................................................................................................8
WiFi Ad-hoc mode connection.................................................................................8
3.7. USB connection...................................................................................................................9
Will you need a driver to connect via USB? ............................................................9
Checking the USB connection (Windows)...............................................................9
4. LEDs ..............................................................................................................................................11
5. Configuration..................................................................................................................................11
5.1. Configuring Baud Rates ....................................................................................................11
5.2. Configuring Station mode WiFi..........................................................................................12
6. Chart software................................................................................................................................13
6.1. Chart Software USB setup (OpenCPN example)..............................................................13
6.2. Chart Software WiFi Network Setup (OpenCPN example)...............................................14
6.3. Maps..................................................................................................................................14
7. Specification...................................................................................................................................15
8. Limited Warranty and Notices........................................................................................................15
9. Disclaimer ......................................................................................................................................15
10. Document History ..........................................................................................................................16
11. Glossary.........................................................................................................................................16
12. For more info… ..............................................................................................................................16

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1.Introduction
1.1. What is AIS?
The marine Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a location and vessel information reporting system.
It allows vessels equipped with AIS to automatically and dynamically share and regularly update their
position, speed, course and other information such as vessel identity with similarly equipped vessels.
Position is derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and communication between vessels is by
Very High Frequency (VHF) digital transmissions. There are a number of types of AIS device, like Class
A transceivers, Class B transceivers/transponders, AIS base stations, Aids to Navigation (AtoN) and AIS
receivers.
1.2. The A024/26
The A024/26 is a compact dual channel, marine AIS receiver which can receive information from both
AIS frequencies simultaneously.
A024/26 is aimed at the small-commercial, leisure, fishing boat and vessel monitoring markets.
Connected to an on-board PC running compatible software, or a chart plotter, AIS data transmitted from
ships within range will be displayed on the screen enabling the skipper or navigator to visualize the traffic
within VHF range. Using A024/26 can enhance safety at sea by providing proximity, size and directional
information from other vessels, improve safety and efficiency in navigation and help protect the marine
environment.
It also combines one external NMEA 0183 data source with the AIS and GPS (GPS-A026 only)
messages. This single data stream is then transmitted synchronously via NMEA 0183, USB and WiFi.
The A026 model includes an integrated GPS module, this provides GPS data to all outputs when it is
connected to a GPS antenna (SMA connection type).
Figure 1: A024/26 Function diagram
1.3. Products covered by this manual
Part No
Description
QK-A024
WiFi Dual channel AIS receiver
QK-A026
WiFi Dual channel AIS receiver with built-in GPS receiver
The only difference between A024 and A026, is that the A026 includes a GPS module (while the A024
does not). All references to GPS throughout the manual refer to the A026. All other specifications and
functionality apply to both the A024 and A026.

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2.Connections
Figure 2: Typical system connection
The A024/26 multiplexer has the following options for connection to inputs, outputs and host devices.
•AIS antenna connector. Standard BNC female 50 Ohm connector. An active VHF antenna
splitter is required if one VHF antenna is shared by A024/26 and VHF voice radio. (We
recommend separate antennas ideally.)
•GPS connector (A026 only). Standard SMA female 50 Ohm connector for GPS antenna. An
integrated GPS module supplies positional data provided a GPS antenna is connected. GPS
information can be output via WiFi, USB or NMEA.
•NMEA 0183 input/output connectors. A024/26 can be connected to other AIS compatible
equipment, like wind/depth or heading sensors, via the NMEA inputs. The NMEA 0183 messages
from these devices can be multiplexed with A024/26 AIS+GPS messages and then sent out
through NMEA 0183 to a chartplotter or other NMEA device.
•USB connector. A micro USB (type C) connector supplies power to the unit and also outputs
the NMEA messages. It can also be used for adjusting parameters using the Configuration
software.
•WiFi. Connectivity in both Ad-hoc and Station Modes on 802.11 b/g/n provides WiFi output of all
messages.
•LED lights. A024/26 features three LEDs which indicate power, AIS and GPS status
respectively. Three LEDs turn on and then off after initialization. When operating, these LEDs
flash. See LED section for more LED information.
(GPS in A026 only)

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3.Installation and Operation
3.1. Mounting
Location: Although A024/26 comes with an extruded aluminium enclosure to shield it from external RF
interference, it should not be fitted close to generators or compressors (e.g. refrigerators) as they can
generate substantial RF noise. It is designed to be installed in a protected indoor environment.
Generally, a suitable placement of A024/26 is together with other types of navigation equipment and the
PC or chart plotter that will be used to display the output data. A024/26 is designed to be securely
mounted to a suitable bulkhead or shelf in an indoor environment and needs to be placed where it is well
protected from humidity and water.
Figure 3: Dimensions
3.2. Power
The A024/26 is typically powered by PC, laptop, tablet or other devices with 5.0V micro USB connector.
If USB data output isn’t required (data outputs through WiFi or NMEA output port), a power bank or a
precise 5.0V supply with greater than 500mA current power source can be applied.
Please note: Ensure you use a reliable, precise 5.0V power supply, or use the QK-A013 12V to 5V low
noise converter. A poorly designed power supply could significantly degrade the performance of the
receiver.

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3.3. VHF/AIS Antenna
A024/26 is not supplied with a VHF antenna, as the antenna and cable requirements differ from vessel to
vessel. A suitable VHF antenna must be connected before the receiver will operate fully.
AIS communication systems use frequencies in the maritime VHF band, which is considered to be ‘line
of sight’ radio. This means that if an AIS receiver’s antenna cannot ‘see’ the antennas of other vessels,
the AIS signals from vessels will not reach that receiver. In practice, this is not a strict requirement, a few
buildings and trees between may be fine. Large obstacles such as hills and mountains, on the other
hand, will significantly degrade the AIS signal.
To have the best possible receiving range, the AIS antenna should be placed as high as possible with a
relatively clear view of the horizon. Large obstructions might shade the AIS radio communication from
certain directions, giving uneven coverage.
VHF antennas can be used for AIS messages or radio communications. One antenna cannot be
connected to both AIS and VHF radio equipment unless an active VHF/AIS splitter is used. There are
important considerations when deciding whether to use two separate antennas or a combined antenna:
•2 VHF antennas: The best reception is achieved by using two separate antennas, one for AIS
and one for VHF radio. The antennas must be separated as much space as possible (ideally at
least 3.0 meters). A good distance between the AIS VHF antenna and the radio communication
VHF antenna is required to avoid interference.
•1 shared VHF antenna: If using only one antenna, e.g. Using an existing VHF radio antenna to
receive AIS signals, proper separation equipment (an active VHF Splitter) must be installed
between the antenna and the connected equipment.
Figure 4: GPS (SMA) and AIS (BNC) antenna connections
3.4. GPS input (A026 only)
A026 uses a standard SMA female 50 Ohm connector for connecting to a GPS antenna (antenna not
included).
For best results, the GPS antenna should be located in ‘line of sight’ of the sky. Once connected to a
GPS antenna, the integrated GPS module supplies positional data to the NMEA 0183 output, WiFi and
USB, synchronously.

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3.5. NMEA input and output connection
NMEA 0183 input/output ports allow for connection to NMEA 0183 instruments and a chart plotter.
The built-in multiplexer combines the input NMEA 0183 data (e.g. wind/depth) with the AIS and GPS
(A026) data and sends the combined data stream to all outputs, including an NMEA 0183 output port.
NMEA 0183 Default Baud Rates:
‘Baud rates’ refer to the data transfer speed. When connecting two NMEA 0183 devices, both devices’
baud rates, must be set to the same speed.
•A024/26 input port’s default baud rate is 4800bps as it is usually connected to low speed NMEA
format data instruments, like heading, sounder or wind/depth sensors.
•A024/26 output port’s default baud rate is 38400bps. The connected chart plotter should be
configured at this rate to receive the proper data as AIS data requires this higher speed.
These are the default baud rate settings and are most likely to be the baud rates required, however, both
baud rates are configurable if required. Baud rates can be adjusted using the Configuration software.
(See Configuration section)
NMEA 0183 RS422 / RS232:
This product uses the NMEA 0183-RS422 protocol (differential signal), however some chart plotters or
devices may use the older NMEA 0183-RS232 protocol (single-ended signal).
Check which protocol your connecting NMEA devices (e.g. Chart plotter/wind sensor) use. If you are
unsure whether your connecting devices use the NMEA 0183 RS422 or RS232, the input/output
connections on the device will give you some indication.
Unfortunately, manufacturers who use the older RS232 protocol are not consistent in their product
labelling. The following table may help you identify which protocol your product uses, however always
check the manual to be certain.
If your connecting device uses the older RS232 protocol, use a QK-AS03 Protocol Bridge for your
connection. The QK-AS03 connects and converts RS422 to the older RS232 and visa-versa, through a
simple connection, no configuration needed.
RS422 (Differential)
RS232 (single-ended)
TX+ and TX- / RX+ and RX-
TX+ and TX- (GND) / RX+ and RX- (GND)
TXa+ and TXa- (GND) / RXa+ and RXa- (GND)
Output +Ve and –Ve / Input +Ve and –Ve
Occasionally older NMEA 0183 RS232 devices are labelled like
RS422 (TX+ and TX- / RX+ and RX-) so check the products’manuals.

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3.6. WiFi Output
A024/26 allows users to view their data through WiFi on a PC, tablet, smartphone or other WiFi enabled
device. Users can access marine network data including vessel course, speed, position, wind speed,
direction, water depth, AIS etc. These can be viewed in the chart software.
The IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless standard has two basic modes of operation: Ad-hoc mode (peer to peer)
and Station mode (also called infrastructure mode).
A024/26 supports 2 modes.
•In Ad-hoc mode, wireless devices connect directly (peer to peer) without a router or access point.
For example, your smartphone can connect directly to the A024/26 to receiver marine data.
•In Station mode, wireless devices communicate through an access point (AP) such as a router that
serves as a bridge to other networks (such as the Internet or LAN). This allows your router to handle
the data and traffic from your device. This data can then be picked up through your router anywhere
on your local area network. Similar to plugging the device directly into the router, but using wireless
technology. In this way, the mobile devices receive both your marine data and other AP connections
such as Internet.
A024/26 is set to Ad-hoc mode as a default setting, but can be easily setup to Station mode through the
configuration tool. (See Configuration section)
WiFi Ad-hoc mode connection
From a Phone, Tablet or PC:
Once the A024/26 has powered up, scan for a WiFi network with an SSID of ‘QK-A026xxxx’ or similar.
Connect to ‘QK-A026xxxx’ with the default
password: ‘88888888’.
Note: The SSID and password can be changed if desired. The password must be 8 to 12 characters
long. If changing the SSID and password, A024/26 should be reset to activate the settings.
(The IP address, Gateway, Net Mask and Port can be left blank if no fixed IP address is needed.)
In your chart software (or chart plotter):
Set the protocol to ‘TCP’, IP address to
‘192.168.1.100’ and the port number to ‘2000’.
Note: In Ad-hoc mode, the IP address should not be changed.
With the above settings, a wireless connection is established and the user will receive the data through
the chart software. (More information in the Chart software section)
The wireless connection and data flow can be
checked with TCP/IP port monitoring software.
To Configure Station mode WiFi see the
Configuration section.
A026 SSID
Similar to ‘QK-A026xxxx’
WiFi password
88888888
Protocol
TCP
IP address
192.168.1.100
Data Port
2000
Figure 5: TCP/IP Net Assistant example

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3.7. USB connection
A024/26 is supplied with a USB connector. This connector provides power supply, AIS, GPS data output
as standard (multiplexed information from other instruments will also be sent via these connections).
This USB connector can be linked directly to a USB port on a PC.
Will you need a driver to connect via USB?
To enable the USB data connection of A024/26 to other devices, related hardware drivers may be
needed dependent on your system requirements.
Mac:
No driver required. For Mac OS X, the A024/26 will be recognized and shown as a USB modem. The ID
can be checked with the following steps:
1. Plug the A024/26 into a USB port and launch Terminal.app.
2. Type: Is /dev/*sub*
3. The Mac system will return a list of USB devices. A024/26 will display as -
“/dev/tty.usbmodemXYZ” where XYZ is a number. Nothing further needs to be done if it is listed.
Windows 7,8,10:
The drivers usually install automatically if your device is running an original Windows 10 version. A new
COM port will automatically show up in the device manager once powered and connected via USB.
A024/26 registers itself to the computer as a virtual serial com port.
If the driver does not install automatically, it can be found on the included CD and downloaded from
www.quark-elec.com.
Linux:
No driver required. When plugged into the computer, A024/26 will show up as a USB CDC device on
/dev/ttyACM0.
Checking the USB connection (Windows)
After the driver is installed (if needed), run the Device Manager and check the COM (port) number. The
port number is the number assigned to an input device. These can be generated randomly by your
computer.
Your chart software may require your COM port number in order to access the data.
The port number for the A024/26 can be found in Windows ‘Control Panel>System>Device Manager’
under ‘Ports (COM & LPT)’. Find something similar to ‘STMicroelectronics Virtual Com Port’ in the list for
the USB port. If the port number need to be changed for some reason, double click the A024/26 and
select the ‘Port Settings’ tab. Click the ‘Advanced’ button and change the port number to the one
required.
Figure 6: View of COM port in Device Manager

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The USB connection status can always be checked with a terminal monitor application like Putty or
HyperTerminal. Ensure that the COM Port is set at 38400bps, 8, N and 1 as shown below using
HyperTerminal on Windows as an example.
To use a terminal monitor application, first connect A024/26 to the computer, follow the instructions to
install the driver if required. After the driver is installed, run the Device Manager and check the COM
(Port) number.
HyperTerminal example. Run HyperTerminal, set COM Port settings to 38400bps (if using the default
A024/26 settings), 8, N and 1.
Figure 7: HyperTerminal settings
If all the above is set up correctly, similar AIS messages to the examples below should be shown.
Figure 8: Display on HyperTerminal