Rajant Corporation ME BreadCrumb User manual

Version 1.02 September 18, 2007
®
ME BreadCrumb
User Guide
BreadCrumb is a registered trademark of Rajant Corporation.

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Note: This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the device is operated in a
residential environment. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with this instruction manual, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this device does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
•Increase the separation between the device and receiver.
•Connect the device into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
•Consult the Rajant representative or an experienced technician for help.
CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Rajant Corporation could
void the user’s authority to operate this device.
Operation of this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at
own expense.
© 2007 Rajant
You may use the software provided with the Products only on personal computers owned by the
purchasing individual or entity, and may not use, load, or run any such software on any network or in
any type of service bureau, time-sharing operation, or non-purchasing individual or entity's equipment.

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Table of Contents
Contents Page
1.0 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................................6
1.2 USER INFORMATION.................................................................................................................................. 6
2.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 WHAT IS ABREADCRUMB?...................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 TEMPORARY WIRELESS NETWORKS ............................................................................................7
2.1.2 MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS......................................................................................................7
2.1.3 WIRELESS NETWORK EXTENSION.................................................................................................7
2.1.4 WIRED NETWORK EXTENSION.......................................................................................................7
2.1.5 ANY COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE.............................................................................................8
2.2 MOBILITY THROUGH MESHING.............................................................................................................. 8
2.2.1 MESH – A DEFINITION.......................................................................................................................8
2.2.2 BREADCRUMB DEVICES MESH BY CHANNEL AND ESSID.......................................................8
2.3 DESCRIPTION OF ME BREADCRUMB ..................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 FEATURES ............................................................................................................................................9
2.4 NETWORK FEATURES............................................................................................................................. 10
2.5 ANTENNA FEATURES ............................................................................................................................. 10
2.6 POWER FEATURES................................................................................................................................... 10
3.0 USING BCADMIN™...................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 SCREEN LAYOUT...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.1 TOPOLOGY AREA.............................................................................................................................13
3.1.2 ANATOMY OF THE BREADCRUMB BOX.....................................................................................14
3.2 ANATOMY OF ACONNECTION LINE.................................................................................................... 15
3.2.1 ASYMMETRIC CONNECTIONS.......................................................................................................16
3.2.2 INFO AREA .........................................................................................................................................17
3.3 CONFIGURING INDIVIDUAL BREADCRUMBS.................................................................................... 18
3.3.1 GENERAL SETTINGS........................................................................................................................18
3.4 RADIO SETTINGS...................................................................................................................................... 20
3.5 REACHBACK SETTINGS .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.6 FORWARDING SETTINGS........................................................................................................................ 23
3.6.1 EXT. PORTS ........................................................................................................................................24
3.6.2 PROTOCOL .........................................................................................................................................24
3.6.3 IP ADDRESS........................................................................................................................................24
3.6.4 TO PORTS............................................................................................................................................24
3.7 SECURITY................................................................................................................................................... 24
3.7.1 WEP......................................................................................................................................................24
3.7.2 ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACLs)...................................................................................................25
3.7.3 ENCRYPTING WIRED TRAFFIC......................................................................................................28
3.7.4 ZEROIZING THE ACCESS ID/FACTORY RESET...........................................................................28
3.7.5 AES-256 ENCRYPTION WITH OPENSSL........................................................................................28
3.7.6 ENABLING/DISABLING OpenSSL AES-256 ENCRYPTION .........................................................29
3.7.7 ENCRYPTING WIRED TRAFFIC......................................................................................................29
3.7.8 ZEROIZING THE KEY .......................................................................................................................29
3.8 BCADMIN PREFERENCES........................................................................................................................ 30
3.8.1 BREADCRUMB INACTIVITY THRESHOLD (SECONDS) ............................................................30
3.8.2 GPS STALENESS WARNING THRESHOLD (MINUTES)..............................................................30
3.8.3 DEFAULT BATTERY WARNING THRESHOLD (MINUTES).......................................................30
3.9 MAPPING WITH FUGAWI TRACKER ..................................................................................................... 32
4.0 DEPLOYING THE BREADCRUMB WIRELESS LAN ........................................................................... 33
4.1 OVERVIEW OF BCWL DEPLOYMENT ................................................................................................... 33
4.2 DEPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................................ 33

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4.2.1 ADDRESSING.....................................................................................................................................33
4.2.1.1 BREADCRUMB DEVICE ADDRESSES ........................................................................................33
4.2.1.2 DHCP.................................................................................................................................................33
4.3 CHANNEL ASSIGNMENTS....................................................................................................................... 34
4.3.1 CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT FOR SINGLE-RADIO BREADCRUMB DEVICES.............................34
4.4 PHYSICAL PLACEMENT AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS................................................................ 34
4.4.1 LINE OF SIGHT...................................................................................................................................34
4.4.2 DISTANCE...........................................................................................................................................34
4.4.3 WEATHER...........................................................................................................................................35
4.4.4 INTERFERENCE.................................................................................................................................35
4.4.5 PLACEMENT OF BCWL COMPONENTS........................................................................................35
4.5 DEPLOYMENT CONFIGURATIONS........................................................................................................ 35
4.5.1 DEPLOYMENT CONFIGURATION – COVERAGE AREA ............................................................36
4.5.2 DEPLOYMENT CONFIGURATION – REACH AREA.....................................................................36
4.6 DEPLOYMENT GUIDELINES AND METHODOLOGY.......................................................................... 37
4.6.1 DEPLOYMENT GUIDELINES...........................................................................................................37
4.6.3 BITE LED.............................................................................................................................................40
5.0 BREADCRUMB SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE...................................................................................... 41
5.1 BREADCRUMB FIRMWARE .................................................................................................................... 41
5.1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................41
5.1.2 UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE........................................................................................................41
5.1.3 FLASH UPDATE PROCEDURE FOR VERSION 3 SYSTEMS........................................................41
5.2 BCADMIN MAINTENANCE...................................................................................................................... 42
5.2.1 UPGRADING OR INSTALLING THE BCADMIN SOFTWARE.....................................................42
5.3 PORT FORWARDING ................................................................................................................................47
5.3.1 SETTINGS............................................................................................................................................47
6.0 TROUBLESHOOTING.................................................................................................................................. 48
6.1 BREADCRUMB WIRELESS NETWORK.................................................................................................. 48
6.1.1 SPORADIC NETWORK CONNECTIVITY .......................................................................................48
6.1.2 BREADCRUMB DEVICE CANNOT CONNECT TO BCWN...........................................................49
6.1.3 BCADMIN ISSUES .............................................................................................................................49
6.1.4 Hardware Reset.....................................................................................................................................50
APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................................................................ 51

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List of Figures
Figure Page
FIGURE 1. ME TOP PANEL.......................................................................................................................................9
FIGURE 2. BCADMIN INITIAL SCREEN AT STARTUP ..............................................................................................12
FIGURE 3. BCADMIN SCREEN AT STARTUP (NO NETWORK ADDRESS IN THE 10.0.0.0/8 RANGE).........................13
FIGURE 4. BREADCRUMB REPRESENTED ON BCADMIN TOPOLOGY AREA ............................................................14
FIGURE 5. CLIENT DEVICE'S MAC ADDRESS ........................................................................................................15
FIGURE 6. ASSYMETRIC LINKS..............................................................................................................................17
FIGURE 7. BREADCRUMB SUMMARY PANEL.........................................................................................................17
FIGURE 8. EXAMPLE LISTING OF BREADCRUMB CONNECTIONS............................................................................18
FIGURE 9. BREADCRUMB PROPERTIES –GENERAL TAB........................................................................................19
FIGURE 10. BREADCRUMB PROPERTIES –RADIOS TAB.........................................................................................20
FIGURE 11. BREADCRUMB PROPERTIES –REACHBACK TAB.................................................................................21
FIGURE 12. BREADCRUMB PROPERTIES –FORWARDING TAB...............................................................................23
FIGURE 13. WEP CONFIGURATION SCREEN ..........................................................................................................25
FIGURE 14. ACCESS CONTROL SETTINGS WINDOW...............................................................................................26
FIGURE 15. SET ACCESS ID WINDOW ...................................................................................................................27
FIGURE 16. CHANGE ACCESS ID/KEY WINDOW....................................................................................................29
FIGURE 17. BC ADMIN PREFERENCES WINDOW....................................................................................................30
FIGURE 18. DEPLOYMENT CONFIGURATION -COVERAGE AREA ...........................................................................36
FIGURE 19. DEPLOYMENT CONFIGURATION -REACH AREA..................................................................................37
FIGURE 20. BCADMIN SOFTWARE INSTALLATION FILE ........................................................................................42
FIGURE 21. BCADMIN INSTALLATION SCREEN #1 ................................................................................................43
FIGURE 22. BCADMIN INSTALLATION SCREEN #2 ................................................................................................44
FIGURE 23. BCADMIN INSTALLATION SCREEN #3 ................................................................................................44
FIGURE 24. BCADMIN INSTALLATION SCREEN #4 ................................................................................................45
FIGURE 25. BCADMIN INSTALLATION SCREEN #5 ................................................................................................46

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1.0 PREFACE
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This manual provides information and guidance to all personnel who are involved with and
use Rajant Corporation’s BreadCrumb®Wireless Network devices ("BreadCrumb®
devices").
This manual begins with an introduction to the BreadCrumb Wireless Network and a brief
overview of the various BreadCrumb device models available. This is followed by a guide to
BCAdmin™, the management application used to configure BreadCrumb devices before or
during a deployment. Finally, common deployment scenarios are described and concise step-
by-step instructions for each scenario are provided.
1.2 USER INFORMATION
The user of this manual is encouraged to submit comments and recommended changes to
improve this manual. Please send any comments or changes to [email protected] .
Be sure to include the version number of the manual you are using and please provide the
page numbers related to your comments wherever possible.

ME BreadCrumb User Guide Rajant Corporation
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Rajant Corporation's (www.rajant.com) ME BreadCrumb integrates Ethernet and wireless
IEEE 802.11b/g connectivity with mesh networking protocols. The network is mobile, self-
integrating, self-meshing, self-healing, full-duplex and secure. An internal Li Ion
rechargeable standby battery can power the unit when external power is unavailable. The
focus is on flexibility, adaptability, and simplicity.
The BC (BreadCrumb) is intended for rapid deployment of a broadband wireless network
into a situation or ‘hot zone’.
The BreadCrumb wireless network components utilize the IEEE 802.11b/g wireless
networking standard to form a wireless mesh network. The network can be deployed as a
stand-alone wireless network, or bridged to another network (such as the Internet) utilizing
available reach-back communication links (such as a DSL, cable, or satellite modem).
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and,
if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in
which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own
expense.
2.1 WHAT IS A BREADCRUMB?
A Bread Crumb device is an 802.11b (Wi-Fi) Access Point specifically designed for the
following scenarios:
2.1.1 TEMPORARY WIRELESS NETWORKS
Networks that must be established quickly and with minimal effort for short-term use.
(e.g., a network established to provide First Responder support at the site of a disaster).
2.1.2 MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS
Networks in which the network infrastructure itself is mobile, in addition to client devices
(e.g., a convoy viewing a video stream from a UAV).
2.1.3 WIRELESS NETWORK EXTENSION
Networks in which a wireless network must be quickly extended around or through obstacles
that block wireless communications (e.g., urban canyon networks, tunnels/caves, etc.).
2.1.4 WIRED NETWORK EXTENSION
Networks in which two or more wired LANs at different locations must be connected
wirelessly (e.g., to securely connect combat service support computers with logistics bases).
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2.1.5 ANY COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE
Most BreadCrumb deployments include elements from more than one of the above scenarios.
In many cases, BreadCrumb devices will perform all of the above tasks as shipped with no
configuration necessary at all, providing an instant TAN -a Tactical Area Network.
Moreover, because BreadCrumb devices use industry-standard 802.11b communications,
client devices such as laptops or handheld computers require no special hardware, software,
or configuration to access a BreadCrumb Wireless Network.
2.2 MOBILITY THROUGH MESHING
The key component to a BreadCrumb Wireless Network is a technique known as Meshing.
While this is generally handled automatically by BreadCrumb devices, complex deployment
scenarios require a basic understanding of how BreadCrumb devices establish and maintain a
mesh.
2.2.1 MESH – A DEFINITION
A mesh is a collection of network devices (in our case, BreadCrumb devices), each of which
is connected to one or more other BreadCrumb devices. Data can move between
BreadCrumb devices via these links, possibly passing through several intermediate
BreadCrumb devices before arriving at its final destination.
The intelligence of a BreadCrumb Wireless Network is in how it adapts rapidly to the
creation or destruction of the links in the mesh as devices are moved, switched OFF or ON,
blocked by obstructions, interfered with by other devices, or otherwise affected. This
adaptation takes place automatically and immediately as needed.
Note: Although all BreadCrumb devices can be Access Points, most Access Points do not
provide any meshing capabilities. Traditional Access Points simply allow wireless devices
within range to connect to a wired network; they do not extend range through other Access
Points.
2.2.2 BREADCRUMB DEVICES MESH BY CHANNEL AND ESSID
Two BreadCrumb devices establish a mesh link to one another when they share both a radio
channel and an ESSID. The 802.11b radios used by BreadCrumb devices support 11 different
channels for communication, numbered 1-11. By default, each BreadCrumb device radio is
on channel 1, 8, or 11. Most BreadCrumb devices have two radios, using two of those
channels.
An ESSID is essentially a name for a wireless network. By default, BreadCrumb devices use
the ESSID "breadcrumb".
Example 1
Suppose you have three BreadCrumb devices, called A, B, and C. Each has two radios.
BreadCrumb device A’s radios are on channels1 and 8, B’s are on 8 and 11, and C’s are on 1
and 11. All three BreadCrumb devices are using the default ESSID of "breadcrumb".
Assuming that all three BreadCrumb devices are within radio range of one another, the
network will be connected like this: ????

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Example 2
Now suppose that you change the ESSID of BreadCrumb device C to "lonely". The network
will adjust to this change, resulting in the following configuration: ????
Note that BreadCrumb device C can no longer communicate with A or B, and vice versa.
2.3 DESCRIPTION OF ME BREADCRUMB
Portable battery operated wireless device deployable in almost any environment. Very small
lightweight device with integrated antenna and rechargeable battery designed to be
completely mobile as worn by an individual war fighter.
2.3.1 FEATURES
The BreadCrumb ME is the smallest and lightest BreadCrumb device offered, making it ideal
for deployments with strict size and/or weight constraints. The BreadCrumb ME contains one
radio by default (a second radio is available as an option). Customers have installed
BreadCrumb MEs:
•On UAVs
•In portable sensor packages
Important: In a BCWN containing single-radio BreadCrumb devices, all BreadCrumb
devices to which the single-radio BreadCrumb device communicates must have one radio on
the same channel as the single-radio BreadCrumb device.
Figure 1. ME Top Panel
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A. Bulkhead antenna connector SMA(F)
B. P101 6-pin Ethernet connector ETH0, COM B, USB
C. SW1 toggle power switch
D. 2-pin vehicle power connector
E. Bulkhead antenna connector SMA(F)
2.4 NETWORK FEATURES
Each BreadCrumb ME device has one IEEE 802.11b/g wireless NICs (network interface
cards), two externally accessible Ethernet ports and one externally accessible USB2 port. The
wireless NIC, enables the BCWL components to communicate and form the wireless LAN,
as well provide access for wireless clients to connect and communicate. The Ethernet ports
provide hardwired connections to auxiliary network devices and clients. The Ethernet ports
also provide a secure connection for some device configuration options which are not
available through wireless connections. The USB port is used primarily for upgrading
firmware.
2.5 ANTENNA FEATURES
The BreadCrumb ME makes use of two antenna ports, which should have directly connected
omni-directional antennas that are used alternately by the BreadCrumb, based on which one
has the better signal.
Both external antennas MUST be connected to the device at all times for
proper operation.
Connecting the antennas after booting a BreadCrumb will have negative
consequences.
2.6 POWER FEATURES
Each BreadCrumb ME is shipped with a 12 V AC/DC power supply. The BreadCrumb ME
may, however be powered by any regulated DC power source that is 6-18 V DC, 2.5 A.
Primary power is provided though the P102 4-pin power connector (See Figure 1).
The BreadCrumb ME also incorporates a Li Ion rechargeable standby battery which can
provide power to operate the unit for several hours if the primary power is not present. The
standby battery is recharged through the primary power input.
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3.0 USING BCADMIN™
Note: Some portions of this section assume a working knowledge of TCP/IP networking, including
DHCP, NAT, and DNS. While the network lay person may be able to perform some BCWN
management tasks, it is recommended that network configuration be performed by experienced
network administrators.
BCAdmin is an application allowing an administrator to perform several tasks on a BreadCrumb
Wireless Network, including:
•Monitor its status
•Configure network-wide settings
•Configure individual BreadCrumb devices
•Graphically view the BCWN topology in real time
BCAdmin typically runs on a laptop PC, but it can be run on any PC that has access to the entire
BCWN. Versions are available for Microsoft Windows®or Linux.
Note: BCAdmin version 9.64 or higher is required to administer all firmware features that are covered
in this manual.

Rajant Corporation ME BreadCrumb User Guide
3.1 SCREEN LAYOUT
When BCAdmin is launched the screen will initially look like this: The large area on the left is the
Topology Area, showing the current shape of the network at any given time. The Info Area to the right
shows detailed information for BreadCrumb devices, client devices, and wireless links.
Figure 2. BCAdmin Initial Screen at Startup
Note: If your BCAdmin workstation does not have a network address in the 10.0.0.0/8 range, the large
black area will instead be red, as in Figure 3, until you obtain such an address. A red Topology
Area indicates that no communication with BreadCrumb devices is possible (this could be
caused by no BreadCrumb devices being turned on, or the workstation has not associated with
any BreadCrumbs).
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Figure 3. BCAdmin Screen at Startup (No Network Address in the 10.0.0.0/8 Range)
When BCAdmin is able to communicate to a BCWN, the network topology is shown in the Topology
Area, as below (your network will look different).
3.1.1 TOPOLOGY AREA
The Topology Area shows the topology (logical shape) of your network as it changes. BreadCrumb
devices and client devices (laptops, etc.) are shown graphically, as well as the links between them.
Important: The Topology Area shows the logical layout of your network, not the physical layout. While
there may be some correlation between the picture you see and the physical locations of your
BreadCrumb devices and client devices, physical locations are not represented in this diagram.
Tip: BCAdmin makes an effort to layout the Topology Area in an easily readable way, with a minimum
of line intersections and superimposed boxes. Sometimes, however, the screen can get cluttered.
BCAdmin provides two features to help cope with this, which may be used in combination:
•A Play/Pause button in the toolbar below the File menu allows you to enable/disable continuous
layout, effectively allowing you to ‘lock’ BreadCrumb devices in place.
•BreadCrumb device and client device icons can be dragged to desired positions in the Topology
Area using the mouse.
The larger blocks in the Topology Area represent BreadCrumb devices. The smaller blocks with blue
outlines represent client devices.
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Detailed information for a BreadCrumb device can be viewed in the Info Area by selecting the
BreadCrumb device in the Topology Area. A BreadCrumb device can be selected by single-clicking it
with your mouse. The selected BreadCrumb device will be highlighted with a dashed border. A
description of the detailed information is provided later in this chapter.
3.1.2 ANATOMY OF THE BREADCRUMB BOX
The following figure shows a close-up image of a BreadCrumb device as represented on the BCAdmin
Topology Area.
Figure 4. BreadCrumb represented on BCAdmin Topology Area
3.1.2.1. BREADCRUMB DEVICE NAME
The BreadCrumb device’s name is displayed in the upper-left area of the BreadCrumb Box. The name is
assigned by an administrator using the process described in the Section called Configuring Individual
BreadCrumbs. This allows the administrator to distinguish between multiple
BreadCrumb devices in a BCWN.
If the BreadCrumb device has no name assigned, its ID is used. The ID is a unique, alphanumeric, non-
editable string used internally by the BreadCrumb device.
3.1.2.2. TIME SINCE LAST UPDATE
Each BreadCrumb device sends periodic information updates to BCAdmin, in intervals ranging from
about 5 seconds to about 20 seconds. This number shows how long it has been, in seconds, since
BCAdmin last heard from this BreadCrumb device.
By default, BCAdmin will color the BreadCrumb Box red and make a sound if a BreadCrumb device
has not sent an update for 60 seconds. This may simply be because a BreadCrumb device has been
switched off, or its battery has died, or it may indicate a problem with the network, its deployment, the
local radio environment, or other factors.
3.1.2.3. NUMBER OF PEERS
A peer is simply another BreadCrumb device to which a BreadCrumb device has meshed. Data packets
are automatically routed through peers as necessary by the BreadCrumb devices.
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3.1.2.4. NUMBER OF CLIENTS
A client is any IEEE 802.11b device that has associated with a BreadCrumb device’s access point.
Laptops, handheld computers, cameras, VOIP + Wi-Fi phones, etc. are examples of client devices.
Tip: The amount of information displayed for each BreadCrumb device can be changed by right-
clicking on a BreadCrumb device and choosing Show More Detail or Show Less Detail. The detail
level for the entire network can be changed via the View Menu at the top of the window. The
above figure shows BCAdmin’s the default level of detail.
3.1.3 ANATOMY OF THE CLIENT BOX
Client devices are represented in the Topology Area by a blue box containing the client device’s MAC
address, as pictured below.
Figure 5. Client Device's MAC Address
3.1.3.1. CLIENT MAC ADDRESS/NICKNAME
The MAC address or administrator-set nickname of the client device.
Tip: An administrator can set nicknames for each client device. These nicknames are then displayed in
the Topology Area instead of the MAC address. To set a nickname, right-click on the client device
and choose Set Client Nickname.
3.2 ANATOMY OF A CONNECTION LINE
If your BCWN has more than one BreadCrumb device, your Topology Area probably includes several lines
connecting BreadCrumb boxes to clients and to one another. The color, style, and direction of motion (if any) of a
line indicates its channel, speed, and direction as follows:
Table 1. BCAdmin Line Colors Legend
IEEE 802.11b Channel Line Color
1 Yellow
2 Red
3 Red
4 Red
5 Red
6 Red
7 Red
8 Green
9 Red
10 Red
11 Purple
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Table 2. BCAdmin Line Styles Legend
Link Speed (Mbps) Line Style
11 or higher Solid
5.5 Dashed
2 Dot-Dash
1 Dotted
3.2.1 ASYMMETRIC CONNECTIONS
For a variety of environmental reasons (antenna placement, radio reflections, interference, etc.), asymmetric
connections are sometimes formed between BreadCrumb devices. An asymmetric connection is a connection
between two BreadCrumb devices in which each BreadCrumb device is transmitting at a different speed.
When an asymmetric connection is made, the BCAdmin operator will see two lines of the same color connecting
two BreadCrumb devices. The speeds will be represented in the line styles as specified in the BCAdmin Line
Styles Legend above. Transmission direction of each link is represented by motion of the dots or dashes
comprising the lines. (11 Mbps links are solid lines, so their direction in an asymmetric link is determined by
elimination; its direction is simply the direction opposite the other link of the same color).

ME BreadCrumb User Guide Rajant Corporation
The following figure illustrates an asymmetric link:
Figure 6. Assymetric Links
3.2.2 INFO AREA
The Info Area shows detailed information specific to the currently selected BreadCrumb device, if any. Select a
BreadCrumb device in the Topology Area by single-clicking it with your mouse. The selected BreadCrumb
device will be highlighted with a dashed border.
The top portion of the Info Area shows a summary of the selected BreadCrumb device’s configuration as pictured
below:
Figure 7. BreadCrumb Summary Panel
In this example, you can see that the selected BreadCrumb device is running version 9.83 of the BreadCrumb
firmware, and has been running for a almost 48 seconds. It has two radios, on channels 1 and 11 which both are
participating in the mesh and serving as access point. You can also see the IPv4 address assigned to radio card
wlan0 is 10.29.210.1 and to radio card wlan1 is 10.29.209.1.
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The same information is available in each list. The following figure shows an example listing of BreadCrumb
connections.
Figure 8. Example Listing of BreadCrumb Connections
Tip: Place your mouse over the connection detail in the Info Area to highlight the corresponding line in the
Topology Area.
3.3 CONFIGURING THE BREADCRUMB
To configure the BreadCrumb device, right-click on the BreadCrumb device in the Topology Area and choose
Properties. A window will appear via which the BreadCrumb device can be configured, with configuration options
grouped by tabs into multiple categories. Each tab and its settings are described in this section.
3.3.1 GENERAL SETTINGS
The ‘General’ tab contains controls for configuring several simple system-wide settings:
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Figure 9. BreadCrumb Properties – General Tab
3.3.1.1.BATTERY WARNING (MINUTES)
Each BreadCrumb device includes a battery timer that monitors run time. When batteries are changed,
the battery timer should be reset (by right-clicking on the BreadCrumb box and choosing Diagnostics
and Maintenance, then Reset Battery Timer). When the value set in this field is reached, a visible
warning is shown in the Topology Area alerting administrators that a battery must be changed.
3.3.1.2. DHCP SERVER
Each BreadCrumb device provides an internal DHCP server (see the Section called DHCP in Chapter 3
for a description of its addressing scheme). When this check box is checked, the DHCP server will run.
3.3.1.3. GPS: AUTOMATIC REPORTING
For BreadCrumb devices equipped with GPS receivers, this enables their reporting of their coordinates to
BCAdmin (and subsequently to a mapping server; see the Section called Mapping with FugawiTracker).
3.3.1.4. MANUAL GPS SETTINGS: LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
An administrator may manually enter latitude and longitude coordinates which will be relayed to a mapping
application (see the Section called Mapping with FugawiTracker).
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3.3.1.5. IMCrypto Encryption: AES-256 and Set Access ID IMCrypto encryption is not available on the ME
BreadCrumb.
3.4 RADIO SETTINGS
The ‘Radios’ tab contains controls for configuring each of the BreadCrumb device’s IEEE 802.11b radios:
Figure 10. BreadCrumb Properties – Radios Tab
The available settings for the radio are:
1. Channel
Channel selection may be automatic as described in the Section called Channel Assignments in
Chapter 3, or radios maybe fixed to specific channels. If one radio is set to use automatic channel selection, so
must all of a BreadCrumb device’s other radios.
Mesh: If this checkbox is checked, the radio will participate in the BreadCrumb mesh.
Access Point: If this checkbox is checked, the radio will provide IEEE 802.11b Access Point
functionality.
Note: BCAdmin will not allow you disable all of the checkboxes on this tab.
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