Ranger Computers RANGERDISK2 User manual

RANGERDISK2
PC COMPATIBLE DISK DRIVE FOR THE
CAMBRIDGE Z88
USER GUIDE
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2 FILE TRANSFER
3 INSTALLATION
4 OPERATOR INFORMATION
4.1 General
4.2 Operation
4.3 AC Operation
4.4 RANGERDISK 2 Functions
4.4.1 Catalogue Z88
4.4:2 Select Z88 Device
4.4.3 Select Z88 Directory
4.4.4 View Z88 File
4.4.5 Save to Disk
4.4.6 Catalogue Disk
4.4.7 Select Disk Directory
4.4.8 View Disk File
4.4.9 Load from Disk
4.4.10 Erase Disk File
4.4.11 Rename Disk file
4.4.12 Create Disk Directory
4.4.13 Erase Disk Directory
4.4.14 Change Disk
4.4.15 Format Disk
4.4.16 DISKFILER 2 Options
4.5 Marking Files
5 ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS
6 RANGERDISK 2 SPECIFICATIONS

RongerDisk 2 User Guide
1. Introduction
RANGERDISK 2 is a compact, 3.5" IBM-compatible floppy disk
drive for the Cambridge Z88 Portable computer.
About the Cambridge Z88.
The Z88 computer is often used as an extension of desk-top PC
systems, allowing users to take data into the field and to bring
back reports, notes and correspondence written "on the move".
When used in this way, Z88 offers by far the best combination of
size, weight and capabilty for the needs of typical portable
computer users, especially when compared with bulky and expensive "laptop" computers.
Using the 21b Z88, users can travel anywhere and edit or create
files as they wish. With memory up to at least 1mb, Z88 can hold
large numbers of files on its internal RAM disks and plug-in
memory cartridges. Z88 also features a multiple-task operating
system that can hold numbers of documents in a 'suspended'
state, ready for immediate access at the point where the user left
off.
The Pipedream word processor provides powerful editing facilities,
together with the ability to add bold, underline and other character
attributes to the document. An optional spelling checker with
almost 60,000 English words is also available.
The Z88 is unique in offering powerful computer facilities and a
full-size keyboard in a package that is small and light enough to
carry anywhere. Because it is so easy to use, Z88 users tend to
produce large volumes of data for transfer into PC's or for archive
purposes. This data can be copied into Z88 EPROM's, transmitted
directly to host PC's using Z88 Pclink or Maclink and can now be
copied directly to PC compatible disks using RANGERDISK 2.
About RANGERDISK 2.
RANGERDISK 2 gives users the benefit of handling large volumes
of data without requiring a dedicated PC to act as host to the 288.
In fact, the combination of Z88 and RANGERDISK 2 can be
regarded as a highly flexible alternative to the PC itself in many
applications.
Of course, RANGERDISK 2's 3.5" diskettes can be
written to and read from in all PC and PC-compatible computers
using 3.5" drives, making data transfer to and from these systems
simplicity itself.
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RangerDisk 2 User Guide
The Z88 RANGERDISK 2 package.
The Z88 RANGERDISK 2 package consists of the RANGERDISK 2
Disk Drive, an AC adapter, an application EPROM cartridge for the
Z88 containing the DISKFILER 2 utility, a connecting cable and
this manual.
RANGERDISK 2 requires no modification to the Z88, connecting to
the serial data port through a connecting cable (supplied). A utility
program, DISKFILER 2, allows the user to select files for transfer
between disk drive and Z88, either singly or
in
batches. DISKFILER
2 provides the user with an easy to use menu driven interface
similar to the Z88's own Filer utility.
The application is driven from the Z88, which displays `windows"
showing the current disk and Z88 directories, together with a
command menu. Commands can be selected from either the menu
or from "shorthand' functions, while a full list of all available
functions is always available from the "MENU" key. DISKFILER 2
allows selection of device and directory on 288, and the creation,
renaming or deletion of flies and directories on the disk.
The communication protocol used to communicate between the
Z88 and RANGERDISK 2 continuously checks for the connection;
so that it is not necessary to start the programs
in any order. If the
DISKFILER 2 program is interrupted, for instance in order to use a
different application in the Z88, communication is automatically
re-established when DISKFILER 2 is re-invoked. When file transfer
is in progress, the Z88 screen shows a display of the file name
currently being transferred, the file size, the progress of the
transfer (in real time), and the number of files waiting in the queue.
Filenames appear in the destination device window as they are
transferred.
A useful feature of DISKFILER 2 is "View", which allows a quick
look
at
the contents of any file on the Z88 screen.
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RangerDisk 2 User Guide
2.0 FILE TRANSFER
DISKFILER 2 transfers one or several files from the RAM memory
of the Z88 to the disk or from the disk to the RAM memory of the
Z88. In order to make full use of all of the facilities provided by
DISKFILER 2, it is necessary to understand the way that files,
directories and disks are implemented in both the PC-compatible
disk and the Z88.
2.1 The Filing System
The filing system on both the Z88 and disk can be thought of in
much the same way as a filing cabinet. Typically, a filing cabinet
would consist of a number of drawers, each one containing a
number of folders. Each folder may contain several different letters.
In order to extract a particular letter from the filing cabinet, the
user has to specify which folder in which drawer contains the
letter. On a Z88, the drawers are equivalent to the individual RAM
cartridges, called devices. The folders are equivalent to directories
and the letters are equivalent to files. Thus, to extract a particular
file, the user must specify the device (drawer); the directory (folder)
and the filename (letter). The devices are named as follows:
: RAM.0 The internal memory of the Z88
: RAM. I The RAM cartridge in slot l of the Z88
: RAM.2 The RAM cartridge in slot 2 of the Z88
: RAM.3 The RAM cartridge in slot 3 of the Z88
The directory names are chosen by the user and are made up of up
to 12 characters on the 288, but only 8 on the disk.
Thus the full specification of the file "PART1.DOC" in the directory
"MANUAL" held on the RAM cartridge in slot 1 would be:-
:
RAM. 1/MANUAL/PART1.DOC
It would be inconvenient and time consuming if every time the user
wished to specify a file, it was also necessary to specify the
directory and the device. To overcome this requirement, both the
Z88 Filer and DISKFILER 2 allow the user to select the device and
the directory that he wishes to use in the Z88 and also the disk
directory. These are called the Default Device and the Default
Directories respectively.
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2.2 File selection
Page 5
RangerDisk 2 User Guide
If the user just specifies the filename, DISKFILER 2 will add the
Default Device and the Default Directory automatically, thus giving
a complete specification. If the user specifies the filename and the
directory, DISKFILER 2 will just add the Default Device, again
giving a
complete specification.
The list of files contained in the Z88 on the Default Device in the
Default Directory are always displayed by DISKFILER 2 in the
middle of the three windows whenever DISKFILER 2 is running.
Files in the disk default directory are displayed in the right-hand
window.
Each application in the Z88 may have it's own, different, Default
Device and Default Directory currently in force. It is therefore
i mportant to recognise where
a
file will be saved by one application
if it going to be used by another application.
For example, suppose that the Default Device for Pipedream had
been set to :RAM. 1 and a file had been saved from Pipedream to the
Default Device i.e. just the filename had been entered. If the
Default Device for DISKFILER 2 had been set to :RAM.0, the file
just saved from Pipedream would not be shown
in
the window of
DISKFILER 2. In addition, typing just the filename when specifying
the file to DISKFILER 2 would cause a "file
not found' error. In
order to correctly specify the isle from DISKFILER 2, it would be
necessary to either type in the device as well as the filename
(:
RAM. 1/filename) onto change the DISKFILER 2 Default Device to
RAM. 1.
File selection may be accomplished in several ways. If an operation
is requested without a file having been 'marked, DISKFILER 2 will
request that the filename
be typed in. This is time-consuming and
li
mits the scope of any operation to only one file. A more flexible
method of selecting the files on which DISKFILER 2 must operate
is to 'mark' them. DISKFILER 2 will perform the required operation
on each filename in turn.

RangerDsk 2 User Guide
3. Installation
DISKFILER 2 can be installed in any Z88 with at least 128K of
expansion RAM in slot 1. When invoked, the program uses a
maximum of 24K of this memory. -
The DISKFILER 2 program resides on an EPROM
which can be
inserted into either slot 2 or slot 3 of the Z88. The EPROM may be
left permanently in the Z88, or may be removed when not required
to make space for additional applications. The following procedure
must be followed whenever the DISKFILER 2 EPROM is removed
from or inserted into the Z88.
DISKFILER 2 is a true Z88 application, not a Basic program, and is
recognised by the Z88 operating system whenever the DISKFILER 2
cartridge is installed. However, it is essential to fallow the standard
Z88 procedure when installing the cartridge:
•

Switch on the Z88 by pressing both SHIFT keys simultaneously.
•

Press the INDEX key. The word INDEX will appear in at top
left-hand side of the screen.
•

Open the flap, carrying the numbers 1,2 and 3, at the front
of the machine. The screen display will blank.
•

Insert the DIMMER 2 cartridge in either slot 2 or 3.
Ensure that the cartridge is inserted with the open slot
innermost and with the serrated part of the moulding at the
bottom.
•

Close the flap. The screen display should re-appear.
DISKFILER 2 will now appear among the applications listed on the
left hand side of the index screen.
Failure to follow this procedure can result in the operating system
not properly recognising DISKFILER 2.Use of DISKFILER 2 (or any
other Z88 application) when i mproperly installed in this fashion
can lead to loss of data.
Once DISKFILER 2 is installed
in your Z88, connect RANGERDISK
2 using the supplied cable, then connect the AC adapter supplied
with RANGERDISK 2 to a suitable AC outlet and switch on.
DISKFILER 2 may be invoked in one of two ways:
•

Place the cursor over the DISKFILER
2 entry on the list of
applications on the Index page and press the 'ENTER key.
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or:
•

Press the O
key followed by 'ZD'
RangerDisk
2 User Guide
On entering DISKFILER 2 the user is presented with a screen
display split vertically into three sections, known as windows. This
screen is the main command screen and is the state of the display
when DISKFILER 2 is waiting for the user to request an operation.
The left window shows a list of thepossible
operations that may be
carried out. The centre window shows
a list
of the files currently
held on the Z88 in its Default Device and Default Directory. The
right window shows a list of files currently held
on
the disk in the
currently selected directory. The cursor is positioned on the first
possible operation in the left window. The possible operations are
explained in detail below.
If the disk drive is not connected, or has no power the
message 'Disk Drive not responding' will appear in the disk
directory window.
The execution of an
operation is initiated in two steps. Firstly, the
file on which the operation is to be performed must be selected and
secondly, the operation itself must be selected. The operation will
then be performed by DISKFILER 2. During the operation, status
information
will
be displayed to show the progress so far and the
further actions to be
performed. When the requested operation has
been completed, DISKFILER 2 will return to it's main command
screen.
To de-install DISKFILER 2, select 'Index' mode by pressing the
`Index' key. Move the cursor onto the suspended activity named
'
DISKFILER 2' in the suspended activities screen on the right hand
side of the screen and type the sequence °KILL. The screen will
blank and re-appear without the DISKFILER 2 activity.
While still in Index mode, open the flap and remove the cartridge.
Failure to Kill DISKFILER 2 will result in the Z88 beeper sounding
continuously after the cartridge is removed and the flap shut. If
this occurs, simply re-install the cartridge and follow the 'Kill'
procedure described above.
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RongerDisk 2 User Guide
4. Operator Information
4.1. General
RANGERDISK 2 utilises a
Z88
utility called 'DISKFILER 2'.
DISKFILER 2 follows closely the operating principles of the Z88
Filer application, including syntax and wherever possible the same
short cut codes. As a result, it is
possible to become confused as to
which is in operation: if in doubt, check the heading Itne to see
whether Filer or DISKFILER 2 has been invoked 1
4.2 Operation
RANGERDISK 2 is a self contained unit requiring only a power
source (AC adapter supplied, or optional battery pack), a connect-
ing cable (supplied) and, of course, a Z88 to operate.
As a general precaution, avoid powering RANGERDISK 2 up or
down while a disk is installed in the drive. While every care has
been taken to ensure that data on disks installed
in RANGERDISK
2 is safe, it is possible that disk corruption could occur during
power up/down. Therefore, please be sure to eject the diskfirst.
4.8 AC Operation.
WARNING Use only the AC adapter supplied for RANGERDISK 2.
NEVER use any other type of adapter. DO NOT attempt to connect
the RANGERDISK 2 adapter to your Z88: serious damage may
result. Adapters for use in overseas countries and in vehicles are
also available: please contact Ranger Computers for details.
4.4 RANGERDISK 2 Functions
Function Name  Shortcut
Catalogue Z88  <>CF
Select Z88 Device
 <>SV
Select Z88 Directory  <>SI
View Z88 File  <>VZ
Save To Disk  <>
FS
Catalogue Disk  <>
DD
Select Disk Directory  <>
DI
View Disk File  <>
VD
Load from Disk  <>
FL
Erase File  <>
ER
Rename File  <> - RE
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Create Disk Directory

<>CD Erase Disk Directory

<>ED
Change Disk

"ESC"
Format Disk

<>
FM
Options  <>
O
RangerDisk 2 User Guide
4..4.1. Catalogue Z88

Code <> CF
Presents a ;catalogue of files in the currently selected Z88 device
and directory. Catalogue does not respond selectively to marked
files `*' and '?' wildcards are supported.
4.4.2. Select Z88 Device

Code <> SV
Allows selection of Z88 device from
: RAM.2, or : RAM.3.
The user can step through Z88 Devices by typing <> J. For instance,
if the -current device is :RAM.0, typing <>J will step to :RAM. 1, and
so on.
.-, : RAM.0, :RAM.1,
4.4.3. Select Z88 Directory

Code <>SI
Allows selection of Z88 directory within the selected device.
Directorles can also be selected with the cursor. Move the cursor
onto the desired directory name in either Z88 or disk window and
press `SHIFT' and 'Down Arrow'. The window will ' move down' into
the directory.
To move back into
a
parent directory, position the cursor anywhere
in either the Z88 or disk window and press 'SHIFT` and 'Up Arrow'.
The window will move 'back up' to the parent directory. If no files
are
present in the child directory, the name "PARENT DIRECTORY"
will
appear in the window so that this function can be performed.
4.4.4. View Z88 File

Code <>VZ
In order to enable the user to ensure that the correct file is
transferred onto the disk, this operation allows the contents of any
file on the Z88 to be displayed on the Z88 screen. If necessary, the
whole file may be viewed eight lines at a time. Pressing the 'ESC'
key at any point will terminate the operation.
The file is not loaded into the Z88 during this process.
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9

RangerDisk 2 User Guide
4.4.5. Save to Disk

Code <>FS
Saves marked File or Files to disk under the same name. If no file is
marked, prompts for file name of source file and destination file.
Note that DISKFILER 2 will default to the selected device and
directory if none is specified. Directory or sub-directory names may
not be included in the destination name: they will result in a 'Bad
Filename' message.
If the filename does not already exist on the disk, it will be created.
If it does exist, it will be overwritten.
Because the Z88 allows filenames containing up to 12 characters
(excluding the extension), a potential incompatibility exists when
files are copied to DOS format disks. If the source filename is
longer that the DOS format standard of 8 characters, it will be
truncated to 8 characters when created on the disk. For example,
AMCALLREP.PRG becomes AMCALLRE.PRG.
The Save to Disk operation may be interrupted by pressing the
' ESC' key. If the disk file is still being written, the result of this
action will be to create a zero-length file onthe disk.
4.4.6. Catalogue Disk

Code
<>
DD
Presents a catalogue of files on the currently logged disk. Catalogue
does not respond selectively to marked files. `*'and '?' wildcards are
supported.
4.4.7. Select Disk Directory

Code
<
>DI
Allows selection of disk directory. Directories can also be selected
with the cursor. Move the cursor onto the desired directory name
in either Z88 or disk window and press 'SHIFT and 'Down Arrow'.
The window will 'move down' into the directory.
To move back into a parent directory, position the cursor anywhere
in either the Z88 or disk window and press 'SHIFT' and 'Up Arrow'.
The window will move 'back up' to the parent directory. If no files
are present in the child directory, the name "PARENT DIRECTORY"
will appear in the window so that this functioncan be performed.
4.4.8. View Disk File

Code <>VD
In order to enable the user to ensure that the correct file is
transferred into the Z88, this operation allows the contents of any
file on the disk to be displayed on the Z88 screen. If necessary, the
whole file may be viewed eight lines at a time. Pressing the 'ESC'
key at any point will terminate the operation.
The file is not loaded into the Z88 during this process.
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RangerDisk 2 User Guide
4.4.9. Load from disk

Code <>FL
Fetches a marked file or files into a file of the same name in the
Z88 device and directory selected. If no file is marked, prompts for
source and destination filenames . Directory names may be inclu-
ded in the destination name, otherwise the selected device and
directory name will be used.
If the filename already exists in the Z88, it will be overwritten. If 1t
does not exist, it will be created.
Fetch from disk may be interrupted by pressing the 'ESC' key. If
the Z88 file is still being written, the result of this action
will
be to
close the file at the point that has been reached.
Note: On the
disk, filenames can contain the characters
and 1. these characters are not permitted on
the Z88 and are changed to '-'when files are copied from disk to
Z88. In addition, disk filenames can only contain upper case alpha
characters, unlike the Z88 which allows both upper and lower case.
This difference can
provide a useful indication as to the source of
files in the Z88: If a file with lower case characters in the name is
copied to the disk and
then back to the Z88, the lower case
characters will be converted to upper case.
4.4.10. Erase File

Code <>ER
Erases marked file or files on the disk. If no file is marked, prompts
for filename.
4.4.11. Rename File

Code <>RE
Renames the disk file.
4.4.12. Create Disk Directory

Code <>CD
Allows creation of a disk directory. Once created, the directory
name will appear
in
the disk
window in 'small print', to differentiate
it from a filename.
One reason to create sub-directories is to
allow
more' files to be
stored. In order to be compatible with DOS, RANGERDISK 2 limits
the number of files, including sub-directory names, to 112 in the
root directory.
However, each sub-directory can hold numbers of
files limited only by disk space. In order to limit use of Z88 RAM
space, DISKFILER 2 displays only the first 254 filenames in any
directory.
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RangerDisk 2 User Guide
4.4.13. Erase Disk Directory

Code <>ED
Allows removal of a disk directory. The disk directory must be
empty before removal is actioned.
4.4.14. Change Disk  "ESC"
This function must be carried out each time the disk in the
RANGERDISK 2 drive is changed. It results in the disk directory
being read into the Z88 by DISKFILER 2 and displayed in the disk
directory screen area. This function is performed automatically
after completion of most DISKFILER 2 commands.
4.4.15. Format Disk

Code <>FM
Formats the disk in the RANGERDISK 2 drive to a format
compatible with MS-DOS 3.3. WARNING Use of this command
erases all data on the disk in the drive.
Format asks: "Do you wish to continue ?". Type "Y' (yes) to continue
with the format: otherwise select 'No' simply by pressing Enter to
return to DISKFILER 2.
4.4.16 Options  Code
<>O
This command allows you to select the format density for
RANGERDISK 2 and also file conversion options.
Format density is either 1.44M (HD Disk) or 720k (DD Disk) - move
the bar cursor with the cursor keys to highlight the format density
required. Please note that RANGERDISK 2 will not format a DD
disk to 1.44M.
The conversion options allow the file format to be modified on
saving to allow easy importation of the file into either WordPerfect,
WordStar, or
any word processor expecting plain ASCII text. Please
note that the file is only modified to the degree that the linefeeds
and carriage returns are correct for each package - no attempt is
made to convert highlights such as underlining or bold text etc.
In order to use the conversion options, you should prepare your file
on the Z88 using column A only, save the file as Plain Text in the
Z88 Filer, and then
save the file to RANGERDISK 2 using the
relevent conversion option. Please note that conversion
only works
when saving, le. It is a one way process.
As with the format option, if you require conversion you should
select it by highlighting the required option with the bar cursor.
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RangerDiisk 2 User Guide
When any of the three file conversion options are set, DISKFILER 2
puts a warning triangle symbol in the OZ area on the right hand
side of the display. This is to bring to your attention any file
conversion option which may have been set accidentally.
NB: You should normally leave the conversion options set to
"NONE", the default setting. Files saved with conversion set
will
not reload into PipeDream on the Z88, so be sure to keep a'
standard copy of the file on disk too.
4.5 Marking Files
Many RANGERDISK 2 Functions can use marked files, either
individually or in batches. Files may be marked in both Z88 and
disk- windows. Note: Directory names cannot be marked. The
following commands can be used to mark files:
4.5.1 ENTER. Place the cursor bar on the desired file name using
the cursor keys. Press 'ENTER'. A chevron symbol appears,
denoting that the file is marked.
Only one file at a
time can be marked with 'ENTER: If the key is
pressed again, the file is unmarked.
Note: If 'ENTER' is pressed while marked files appear in a window,
all files in that window will be unmarked.
4.5.2 TAB. Place the cursor bar on the desired file name and press
TAB'. A chevron symbol appears, denoting that the file
is marked.
Any number of files can be marked with 'TAB'. However, if the
cursor
bar
is placed on
a
marked file and TAB' is then pressed, the
file is unmarked:
4.5.3
<>ENTER.
Place
the cursor bar anywhere in the relevant
window and press '<>',
followed by 'ENTER'. All files in the window
will be marked.
Individual files can be unmarked by TAB'
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RangerDisk 2 User Guide
5.0 Alternative Applications
5.1 Use with IBM-PC and compatibles
RANGERDISK 2 can be used as an extension drive for IBM-PC and
compatible computers. A driver software package and connecting
cable, available from the Club, allows RANGERDISK 2 to con-
figured as an external drive on the PC, connecting through the host
computers' serial port.
5.2 Special applications
An applications programming manual for RANGERDISK 2 is
available from Ranger Computers. The manual describes the
communication protocol used by the disk drive and contains
sufficient information to allow the programmer to carry out disk
operations on any computer that has an RS-232 port and can
support the correct communications format.
The manual also contains sample listings written in BASIC for each
disk function.
RANGERDISK 2 is also suitable for use with a wide range of other
portable computers, hand-held terminals and data collection
devices. Please contact Ranger Computers for details.
Page 14

6. Specifications
6.1 Basic Specifications
Disk Format:

MS-DOS3.3 Compatible
Media Capacity:

1.44M Bytes formatted
Type:

3.5" IBM PS/2 compatible hard jacket floppy
disk
M.T.B.F. :

Approx. 10,000 Hours
M.T.T.R. :

20 Minutes
Mechanism life:

5 Years
Dimensions:

180mm (L) x 117mm (W) x 45mm (H)
Weight:

Approx. 0.8Kg
Software:

DISKFILER 2 utility (supplied on
plug-in
EPROM cartridge) provides:
Catalogue Disk

Copy to Disk
Catalogue Z88

Load from Disk
Change Disk

Erase Disk file
Select Z88 Device

Rename Disk Me
Select Z88 Directory

Format Disk
View Disk file

View Z88 File
Select Disk Directory

Create Disk Directory
Erase Disk Directory

Options
IBM PC Compatible.
Maximum 112 files, including sub-
directories, in Root directory. Unlimited files,
disk space permitting , in each directory.
First 254 filenames displayed in disk
window:
Maximum 6 layers of sub-directory nesting.
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RangerDisk 2 User Guide

RangerDisk 2 User Guide
6.2 Environmental specifications
Temperature
Operational +5 to 45 deg C.
Non-operational -20 to 50 deg C.
Temperature cycling ': No condensation shall result
Humidity
Operational 20 to 80% relative humidity, non-condensing.
Non-operational: 1 to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing.
Altitude
Operational : Sea level to 15,000ft (4,500m)
Non-operational
: Sea level to 40,000ft (12,000m)
Vibration
Operational : The unit shall withstand a peak acceleration of 2g for
the frequency range of 20-100Hz.
Non-operational The unit shall withstand a peak acceleration of
4.5g for the frequency range of 20-100Hz.
Shock The equipment in a non-operational status shall not suffer
damage or fail
t
o operate according to specifications, when
subjected to a 60g shock for lOmS.
®1992 Z88 Users' Club,
68 Wellington Street, Long Eaton, Nottinghom, NG10 4NG.
Tel/Fax: [phone].
®1989
Ranger Computers Ltd, Ranger House, 2 Meeting Lane,
Duston, Northampton, NN5 6JG. Tel: [phone]. Fax: [phone].
Warranty: RangerDisk 2 is covered by a comprehensive warranty,
valid for 12 months from date of purchase. Please note that the
warranty does not cover damage to the drive mechanism caused
by dropping or rough handling. This does not affect your statutory
rights.
Vers 2.0
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