Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX AS 2.1 - User manual

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1
The Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS
Installation Guide

ISBN: N/A
Red Hat, Inc.
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© 2002 Red Hat, Inc.
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iii

Contents
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1
Introduction................................................................................... ix
Document Conventions.................................................................... ix
How to Use This Manual .................................................................. xii
Part I Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS........................ 15
Chapter 1 Steps to Get You Started....................................... 17
1.1 Do You Have the Right Components?.......................................... 17
1.2 Is Your Hardware Compatible?.................................................. 18
1.3 Do You Have Enough Disk Space?............................................. 18
1.4 Can You Install Using the CD-ROM?........................................... 19
1.5 Which Installation Class is Best For You?...................................... 22
Chapter 2 System Requirements Table................................. 27
Chapter 3 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS............... 31
3.1 The Installation Program User Interface ....................................... 31
3.2 Starting the Installation Program................................................ 32
3.3 Selecting an Installation Method................................................ 35
3.4 Beginning the Installation........................................................ 35
3.5 Language Selection.............................................................. 37
3.6 Keyboard Configuration.......................................................... 38
3.7 Mouse Configuration ............................................................. 40
3.8 Welcome to Red Hat Linux ...................................................... 42
3.9 Install Options..................................................................... 42
3.10 Disk Partitioning Setup........................................................... 43
3.11 Automatic Partitioning............................................................ 44
3.12 Partitioning Your System......................................................... 45
3.13 Partitioning with fdisk............................................................. 52
iv

3.14 Boot Loader Installation.......................................................... 53
3.15 GRUB Password.................................................................. 57
3.16 Network Configuration ........................................................... 58
3.17 Firewall Configuration............................................................ 59
3.18 Language Support Selection.................................................... 63
3.19 Time Zone Configuration ........................................................ 64
3.20 Account Configuration ........................................................... 65
3.21 Package Group Selection........................................................ 67
3.22 X Configuration — Video Card.................................................. 72
3.23 Preparing to Install ............................................................... 73
3.24 Installing Packages............................................................... 74
3.25 Boot Disk Creation ............................................................... 75
3.26 X Configuration — Monitor and Customization................................ 75
3.27 Installation Complete............................................................. 78
Chapter 4 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS via Text
Mode............................................................................ 81
4.1 Things You Should Know ........................................................ 81
4.2 The Installation Program User Interface ....................................... 83
4.3 Starting the Installation Program................................................ 86
4.4 Installation Cross-Reference Table ............................................. 87
4.5 Installing from a Hard Drive ..................................................... 89
4.6 Installing over a Network......................................................... 90
Part II Configuring Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS ................... 95
Chapter 5 Introduction............................................................. 97
5.1 Technology Overview ............................................................ 97
5.2 Basic Configurations ............................................................. 98
Chapter 6 Linux Virtual Server Overview.............................. 101
6.1 A Basic LVS Configuration....................................................... 101
6.2 A Three Tiered LVS Configuration.............................................. 104
v

6.3 LVS Scheduling Overview ....................................................... 105
6.4 Routing Methods ................................................................. 107
6.5 Persistence and Firewall Marks................................................. 109
6.6 LVS Cluster — A Block Diagram................................................ 110
Chapter 7 Initial Configuration ............................................... 115
7.1 Configuring Services on the LVS Routers ..................................... 115
7.2 Setting a Password for the Piranha Configuration Tool....................... 116
7.3 Starting the Piranha Configuration Tool Service .............................. 117
7.4 Limiting Access To the Piranha Configuration Tool ........................... 118
7.5 Turning on Packet Forwarding................................................... 119
7.6 Configuring Services on the Real Servers..................................... 120
Chapter 8 Setting Up a Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS LVS
Cluster......................................................................... 121
8.1 The NAT LVS Cluster............................................................. 121
8.2 Configuring Network Interfaces for a NAT LVS Cluster....................... 123
8.3 Multi-port Services and LVS Clustering ........................................ 126
8.4 FTP In an LVS Cluster ........................................................... 129
8.5 Saving Network Packet Filter Settings ......................................... 132
Chapter 9 Configuring the LVS Routers with Piranha
Configuration Tool..................................................... 133
9.1 Necessary Software.............................................................. 133
9.2 Logging Into the Piranha Configuration Tool................................... 133
9.3 CONTROL/MONITORING.......................................................... 134
9.4 GLOBAL SETTINGS............................................................... 136
9.5 REDUNDANCY..................................................................... 138
9.6 VIRTUAL SERVERS ............................................................... 140
9.7 Synchronizing Configuration Files .............................................. 149
9.8 Starting the Cluster............................................................... 151
Part III Appendixes....................................................................... 153
vi

Appendix A Additional Resources for LVS Clustering ........... 155
Appendix B A Sample /etc/sysconfig/ha/lvs.cf File ................ 157
Appendix C Removing Red Hat Linux....................................... 161
Appendix D Getting Technical Support.................................... 163
D.1 Remember to Sign Up ........................................................... 163
D.2 An Overview of Red Hat Support............................................... 163
D.3 Scope of Red Hat Support ...................................................... 164
D.4 How to Get Technical Support .................................................. 165
D.5 Questions for Technical Support................................................ 166
Appendix E Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux AS............................................... 169
E.1 You are Unable to Boot Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS........................ 169
E.2 Trouble Beginning the Installation............................................... 171
E.3 Trouble During the Installation .................................................. 172
E.4 Problems After Installation....................................................... 174
Appendix F An Introduction to Disk Partitions ....................... 179
F.1 Hard Disk Basic Concepts....................................................... 179
Appendix G Driver Disks............................................................. 201
G.1 Why Do I Need a Driver Disk? .................................................. 201
vii

viii

Section 0.1:Document Conventions ix
Introduction
Welcome to the Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS Installation Guide. This guide contains useful
information to assist you during the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS. From fundamental
concepts such as installation preparation to the step-by-step installation procedure, this book will be
a valuable resource as you install Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS.
This manual will walk you through a typical installation using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS
CD-ROMs. Once you have completed the installation as outlined in this manual, you will have a
fully functioning Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS system.
Document Conventions
When you read this manual, you will see that certain words are represented in different fonts, type-
faces, sizes, and weights. This highlighting is systematic; different words are represented in the same
style to indicate their inclusion in a specific category. The types of words that are represented this way
include the following:
command
Linux commands (and other operating system commands, when used) are represented this way.
This style should indicate to you that you can type the word or phrase on the command line
and press [Enter] to invoke a command. Sometimes a command contains words that would be
displayed in adifferent style on their own (such as filenames). In these cases, they are considered
to be part of the command, so the entire phrase will be displayed as a command. For example:
Use the cat testfile command to view the contents of a file, named testfile, in the
current working directory.
filename
Filenames, directory names, paths, and RPM package names are represented this way. This
style should indicate that a particular file or directory exists by that name on your Red Hat
Linux system. Examples:
The .bashrc file in your home directory contains bash shell definitions and aliases for your
own use.
The /etc/fstab file contains information about different system devices and filesystems.
Install the webalizer RPM if you want to use a Web server log file analysis program.
application
This style should indicate to you that the program named is an end-user application (as opposed
to system software). For example:

x Introduction
Use Netscape Navigator to browse the Web.
[key]
A key on the keyboard is shown in this style. For example:
To use [Tab] completion, type in a character and then press the [Tab] key. Your terminal will
display the list of files in the directory that start with that letter.
[key]-[combination]
A combination of keystrokes is represented in this way. For example:
The [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[Backspace] key combination will restart the X Window System.
text found on a GUI interface
A title, word, or phrase found on a GUI interface screen or window will be shown in this style.
When you see text shown in this style, it is being used to identify a particular GUI screen or an
element on a GUI screen (such as text associated with a checkbox or field). Example:
Selectthe RequirePasswordcheckbox ifyou wouldlikeyour screensavertorequire apassword
before stopping.
top level of a menu on a GUI screen or window
When you see a word in this style, it indicates that the word is the top level of a pulldown menu.
If you click on the word on the GUI screen, the rest of the menu should appear. For example:
Under Settings on a GNOME terminal, you will see the following menu items: Preferences,
Reset Terminal,Reset and Clear, and Color selector.
If you need to type in a sequence of commands from a GUI menu, they will be shown like the
following example:
Click on Programs=>Applications=>Emacs to start the Emacs text editor.
button on a GUI screen or window
This style indicates that the text will be found on a clickable button on a GUI screen. For ex-
ample:
Click on the Back button to return to the webpage you last viewed.
computer output
When you see text in this style, it indicates text displayed by the computer on the command line.
You will see responses to commands you typed in, error messages, and interactive prompts for
your input during scripts or programs shown this way. For example:
Use the ls command to display the contents of a directory:

Section 0.1:Document Conventions xi
$ls
Desktop axhome logs paulwesterberg.gif
Mail backupfiles mail reports
The output returned in response to the command (in this case, the contents of the directory) is
shown in this style.
prompt
A prompt, which is a computer’s way of signifying that it is ready for you to input something,
will be shown in this style. Examples:
$
#
[stephen@maturin stephen]$
leopard login:
user input
Text that the user has to type, either on the command line, or into a text box on a GUI screen, is
displayed in this style. In the following example, text is displayed in this style:
To boot your system into the text based installation program, you will need to type in the text
command at the boot: prompt.
Additionally, we use several different strategies todraw your attention to certain piecesof information.
In order of how critical the information is to your system, these items will be marked as note, tip,
important, caution, or a warning. For example:
Note
Remember that Linux is case sensitive. In other words, a rose is not a ROSE
is not a rOsE.
Tip
The directory /usr/share/doc contains additional documentation for
packages installed on your system.

xii Introduction
Important
If you modify the DHCP configuration file, the changes will not take effect
until you restart the DHCP daemon.
CAUTION
Do not perform routine tasks as root — use a regular user account unless you
need to use the root account for system administration tasks.
WARNING
If you choose not to partition manually, a server installation will remove
all existing partitions on all installed hard drives. Do not choose this
installation class unless you are sure you have no data you need to save.
How to Use This Manual
This manual focuses on a CD-ROM based installation, so it is ideal for users (both new and old) who
want a quick and simple installation solution. It will help you prepare your system, walk you through
the installation, and assist you in the configuration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS.
If you are an experienced user who wants to perform a Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS CD-ROM in-
stallation, and you do not need a review of the basics, you can skip ahead to Chapter 3, Installing Red
Hat Enterprise Linux AS to begin the installation process.
Tip
Refer to the Red Hat Frequently Asked Questions for answers to questions
and problems that may occur before, during, or after the installation. You
will find the FAQ online at:
http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/faqs/rhl_general_faq/

Section 0.2:How to Use This Manual xiii
We Need Feedback!
If you spot a typo in the Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS Installation Guide, or if you have
thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report
in Bugzilla ( http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/) against the component rhl-ig-as-x86.
Be sure to mention the manual’s identifier:
rhl-ig-as-x86(EN)-2.1-Print-RHI (2002-03-22T11:09-0400)
That way we will know exactly which version of the guide you have.
If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as specific as possible when de-
scribing it. If you have found an error, please include the section number and some of the surrounding
text so we can find it easily.
If you have a support question (for example, if you need help configuring X, or if you are not sure how
to partition your hard drive[s]), please register your product at http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/
and use the online support system for those type of requests.

xiv Introduction

Part I Installing Red Hat Enterprise
Linux AS

Section 1.1:Do You Have the Right Components? 17
1 Steps to Get You Started
Before you install Red Hat Linux, you should perform the following steps:
1.1 Do You Have the Right Components?
If you have purchased an Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS product, you are ready to go. However,
mistakes occasionally happen, so now is a good time to double-check the contents of your product.
A black, red, and white Registration Information card is included with your product. A list of the
contents of your boxed set version is on the back of the card. Please read over the list and check
to make sure that you have all the CDs and manuals that are included with the version of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux AS that you purchased.
If you have purchased an Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS product from Red Hat, Inc. (or one
of its distributors), and you are missing one or more of the items listed, please let us know. Contact
information is also available on the Registration Information card.
How to identify our official boxed set: The bottom of our box has an ISBN number next to one of the
bar codes. That ISBN number should be in this form:
1-58569- x - y
(The xand ywill be unique numbers.)
Red Hat partners with companies (international and domestic) so that we can makeRed Hat Enterprise
Linux AS available to you in the most convenient form. Because of these partnerships, you might find
that your Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS product may not have been actually produced by Red Hat.
If your product has a different ISBN number (or none at all), you will need to contact the company
that produced it. Normally, third-party producers will include their logo and/or contact information
on the outside of their box; an official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS boxed set lists only our name and
contact information.
1.1.1 Where to Find Other Manuals
If your particular product did not include all of the printed Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS manuals, you
can find them online or on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS Documentation CD included with your
official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS product.
To find the manuals in both HTML and PDF formats online, go to http://www.redhat.com/docs.

18 Chapter 1:Steps to Get You Started
1.1.2 Registering Your Product
If you have purchased an Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS product, you should register your
product. Registration offers many useful services, such as installation support, access to Red Hat
Network, and more.
To register your product, go to http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/. You will find your Product ID
on the Registration Information card in your Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS boxed set. Once
registered, you will have access to all the extras that Red Hat provides to its registered users.
For more information on registering and the scope of Red Hat’s technical support offerings, see Ap-
pendix D, Getting Technical Support.
1.2 Is Your Hardware Compatible?
Hardware compatibility is particularly importantif you have an older system or a system that you built
yourself. Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1 should be compatible with most hardware in systems that
were factory built within the last two years. However, hardware specifications change almost daily,
so it is hard to guarantee that your hardware will be 100% compatible.
The most recent list of supported hardware can be found at http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/.
Refer to the Red Hat Cluster Manager Installation and Administration Guide for specific details on
hardware installation and supplemental hardware information.
1.3 Do You Have Enough Disk Space?
Nearly every modern-day operating system (OS) uses disk partitions, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
AS is no exception. When you install Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS, you may have to work with disk
partitions. If you have not worked with disk partitions before (or need a quick review of the basic
concepts) read Appendix F, An Introduction to Disk Partitions before proceeding.
The disk space used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS must be separate from the disk space used by
other OSes you may have installed on your system, such as Windows, OS/2, or even a different version
of Linux. At least two partitions (/and swap) must be dedicated to Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS.
Before you start the installation process, one of the following conditions must be met:
• Your computer must have enough unpartitioned1disk space for the installation of Red Hat Enter-
prise Linux AS.
1Unpartitioned disk space means that the hard drive(s) you are installing to have not been divided into sections
for data. When you partition a disk, each partition will behave like a separate disk drive.

Section 1.4:Can You Install Using the CD-ROM? 19
• You must have one or more partitions that may be deleted, thereby freeing up enough disk space
to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS.
1.3.1 Installation Disk Space Requirements
Note
These recommendations are based on an installation that only installs one
language (such as English). If you plan to install multiple languages to use
on your system, you should increase the disk space requirements.
See Section 1.5, Which Installation Class is Best For You?, for further information regarding disk
space requirements for your specific installation needs.
Advanced Server
An Advanced Server installation, choosing to install GNOME2or KDE3, requires at least 1.0
GB of free space. Choosing both GNOME and KDE requires at least 1.3 GB of free disk space.
Custom
A Custom installation requires 350 MB for a minimal installation (without the Advanced Server
packages) and at least 3.2 GB of free space if every package is selected.
If you are not sure that you meet these conditions, or if you want to know how to create free disk space
for your Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS installation, please refer to Appendix F, An Introduction to Disk
Partitions.
1.4 Can You Install Using the CD-ROM?
There are several methods that can be used to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS. This manual fo-
cuses on installing from the CD-ROM. For instructions on alternative installation methods, refer to
Chapter 4, Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS via Text Mode.
2Acronym for GNU Network Object Model Environment. GNOME is part of the GNU project and part of the
free software, or open source, movement. GNOME is a Windows-like desktop system that works on UNIX and
UNIX-like systems. The main objective of GNOME is to provide a user-friendly suite of applications and an
easy-to-use desktop.
3Acronym for K Desktop Environment. A network-transparent, contemporary desktop environment for UNIX
workstations, KDE is part of the open source movement. It is free to anyone and its source code is available to
anyone to modify.

20 Chapter 1:Steps to Get You Started
Installing from a CD-ROM requires that you have purchased a Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1 prod-
uct , or you have a Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS CD-ROM, and you have a CD-ROM drive. Most
new computers will allow booting from the CD-ROM. If your system will support booting from the
CD-ROM, it is an easy way to begin a local CD-ROM installation.
Your BIOS may need to be changed to allow booting from your CD-ROM drive. For more information
about editing your BIOS, see Section 3.2.1, Booting the Installation Program.
1.4.1 Alternative Boot Methods
If you cannot boot from the CD-ROM drive, the following alternative boot method is available:
Local Boot Disk
If you need a local boot disk4, you must create it. The local boot disk image file, boot.img,
is located in the images directory on your Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS CD-ROM. Refer to
Section 1.4.2, Making Installation Diskettes, for more information on making a boot disk.
Note
USB Floppies — You can also boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS instal-
lation program using a USB floppy as a boot disk (if your system supports
booting from a USB floppy).
Note
Although it is not required to boot your installation, you may occasionally
find that a driver disk is needed to continue with the installation. Appendix
G, Driver Disks explains why a driver disk may be necessary for your instal-
lation, and how to obtain one if needed.
1.4.2 Making Installation Diskettes
You may need to create a diskette from an image file; for example, you may need to use updated
diskette images obtained from the Red Hat Linux errata page ( http://www.redhat.com/apps/sup-
port/updates.html) or you may need to create a boot disk.
4A boot disk is a diskette you create during an installation that can later be used to boot the operating system.
Normally, your computer boots from a hard disk, but if the hard disk is damaged, you can boot the computer from
a bootable diskette.