Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX AS 2.1 - User manual

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1
The Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS
Installation Guide

ISBN: N/A
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© 2002 Red Hat, Inc.
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Contents
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 2.1
Introduction................................................................................... ix
Document Conventions.................................................................... ix
How to Use This Manual .................................................................. xii
Part I Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS........................ 15
Chapter 1 Steps to Get You Started....................................... 17
1.1 Do You Have the Right Components?.......................................... 17
1.2 Is Your Hardware Compatible?.................................................. 18
1.3 Do You Have Enough Disk Space?............................................. 18
1.4 Can You Install Using the CD-ROM?........................................... 19
1.5 Which Installation Class is Best For You?...................................... 22
Chapter 2 System Requirements Table................................. 27
Chapter 3 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS............... 31
3.1 The Installation Program User Interface ....................................... 31
3.2 Starting the Installation Program................................................ 32
3.3 Selecting an Installation Method................................................ 35
3.4 Beginning the Installation........................................................ 35
3.5 Language Selection.............................................................. 37
3.6 Keyboard Configuration.......................................................... 38
3.7 Mouse Configuration ............................................................. 40
3.8 Welcome to Red Hat Linux ...................................................... 42
3.9 Install Options..................................................................... 42
3.10 Disk Partitioning Setup........................................................... 43
3.11 Automatic Partitioning............................................................ 44
3.12 Partitioning Your System......................................................... 45
3.13 Partitioning with fdisk............................................................. 52
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3.14 Boot Loader Installation.......................................................... 53
3.15 GRUB Password.................................................................. 57
3.16 Network Configuration ........................................................... 58
3.17 Firewall Configuration............................................................ 59
3.18 Language Support Selection.................................................... 63
3.19 Time Zone Configuration ........................................................ 64
3.20 Account Configuration ........................................................... 65
3.21 Package Group Selection........................................................ 67
3.22 X Configuration — Video Card.................................................. 72
3.23 Preparing to Install ............................................................... 73
3.24 Installing Packages............................................................... 74
3.25 Boot Disk Creation ............................................................... 75
3.26 X Configuration — Monitor and Customization................................ 75
3.27 Installation Complete............................................................. 78
Chapter 4 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS via Text
Mode............................................................................ 81
4.1 Things You Should Know ........................................................ 81
4.2 The Installation Program User Interface ....................................... 83
4.3 Starting the Installation Program................................................ 86
4.4 Installation Cross-Reference Table ............................................. 87
4.5 Installing from a Hard Drive ..................................................... 89
4.6 Installing over a Network......................................................... 90
Part II Configuring Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS ................... 95
Chapter 5 Introduction............................................................. 97
5.1 Technology Overview ............................................................ 97
5.2 Basic Configurations ............................................................. 98
Chapter 6 Linux Virtual Server Overview.............................. 101
6.1 A Basic LVS Configuration....................................................... 101
6.2 A Three Tiered LVS Configuration.............................................. 104
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6.3 LVS Scheduling Overview ....................................................... 105
6.4 Routing Methods ................................................................. 107
6.5 Persistence and Firewall Marks................................................. 109
6.6 LVS Cluster — A Block Diagram................................................ 110
Chapter 7 Initial Configuration ............................................... 115
7.1 Configuring Services on the LVS Routers ..................................... 115
7.2 Setting a Password for the Piranha Configuration Tool....................... 116
7.3 Starting the Piranha Configuration Tool Service .............................. 117
7.4 Limiting Access To the Piranha Configuration Tool ........................... 118
7.5 Turning on Packet Forwarding................................................... 119
7.6 Configuring Services on the Real Servers..................................... 120
Chapter 8 Setting Up a Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS LVS
Cluster......................................................................... 121
8.1 The NAT LVS Cluster............................................................. 121
8.2 Configuring Network Interfaces for a NAT LVS Cluster....................... 123
8.3 Multi-port Services and LVS Clustering ........................................ 126
8.4 FTP In an LVS Cluster ........................................................... 129
8.5 Saving Network Packet Filter Settings ......................................... 132
Chapter 9 Configuring the LVS Routers with Piranha
Configuration Tool..................................................... 133
9.1 Necessary Software.............................................................. 133
9.2 Logging Into the Piranha Configuration Tool................................... 133
9.3 CONTROL/MONITORING.......................................................... 134
9.4 GLOBAL SETTINGS............................................................... 136
9.5 REDUNDANCY..................................................................... 138
9.6 VIRTUAL SERVERS ............................................................... 140
9.7 Synchronizing Configuration Files .............................................. 149
9.8 Starting the Cluster............................................................... 151
Part III Appendixes....................................................................... 153
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Appendix A Additional Resources for LVS Clustering ........... 155
Appendix B A Sample /etc/sysconfig/ha/lvs.cf File ................ 157
Appendix C Removing Red Hat Linux....................................... 161
Appendix D Getting Technical Support.................................... 163
D.1 Remember to Sign Up ........................................................... 163
D.2 An Overview of Red Hat Support............................................... 163
D.3 Scope of Red Hat Support ...................................................... 164
D.4 How to Get Technical Support .................................................. 165
D.5 Questions for Technical Support................................................ 166
Appendix E Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux AS............................................... 169
E.1 You are Unable to Boot Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS........................ 169
E.2 Trouble Beginning the Installation............................................... 171
E.3 Trouble During the Installation .................................................. 172
E.4 Problems After Installation....................................................... 174
Appendix F An Introduction to Disk Partitions ....................... 179
F.1 Hard Disk Basic Concepts....................................................... 179
Appendix G Driver Disks............................................................. 201
G.1 Why Do I Need a Driver Disk? .................................................. 201
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viii

Section 0.1:Document Conventions ix
Introduction
Welcome to the Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS Installation Guide. This guide contains useful
information to assist you during the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS. From fundamental
concepts such as installation preparation to the step-by-step installation procedure, this book will be
a valuable resource as you install Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS.
This manual will walk you through a typical installation using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS
CD-ROMs. Once you have completed the installation as outlined in this manual, you will have a
fully functioning Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS system.
Document Conventions
When you read this manual, you will see that certain words are represented in different fonts, type-
faces, sizes, and weights. This highlighting is systematic; different words are represented in the same
style to indicate their inclusion in a specific category. The types of words that are represented this way
include the following:
command
Linux commands (and other operating system commands, when used) are represented this way.
This style should indicate to you that you can type the word or phrase on the command line
and press [Enter] to invoke a command. Sometimes a command contains words that would be
displayed in adifferent style on their own (such as filenames). In these cases, they are considered
to be part of the command, so the entire phrase will be displayed as a command. For example:
Use the cat testfile command to view the contents of a file, named testfile, in the
current working directory.
filename
Filenames, directory names, paths, and RPM package names are represented this way. This
style should indicate that a particular file or directory exists by that name on your Red Hat
Linux system. Examples:
The .bashrc file in your home directory contains bash shell definitions and aliases for your
own use.
The /etc/fstab file contains information about different system devices and filesystems.
Install the webalizer RPM if you want to use a Web server log file analysis program.
application
This style should indicate to you that the program named is an end-user application (as opposed
to system software). For example:

x Introduction
Use Netscape Navigator to browse the Web.
[key]
A key on the keyboard is shown in this style. For example:
To use [Tab] completion, type in a character and then press the [Tab] key. Your terminal will
display the list of files in the directory that start with that letter.
[key]-[combination]
A combination of keystrokes is represented in this way. For example:
The [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[Backspace] key combination will restart the X Window System.
text found on a GUI interface
A title, word, or phrase found on a GUI interface screen or window will be shown in this style.
When you see text shown in this style, it is being used to identify a particular GUI screen or an
element on a GUI screen (such as text associated with a checkbox or field). Example:
Selectthe RequirePasswordcheckbox ifyou wouldlikeyour screensavertorequire apassword
before stopping.
top level of a menu on a GUI screen or window
When you see a word in this style, it indicates that the word is the top level of a pulldown menu.
If you click on the word on the GUI screen, the rest of the menu should appear. For example:
Under Settings on a GNOME terminal, you will see the following menu items: Preferences,
Reset Terminal,Reset and Clear, and Color selector.
If you need to type in a sequence of commands from a GUI menu, they will be shown like the
following example:
Click on Programs=>Applications=>Emacs to start the Emacs text editor.
button on a GUI screen or window
This style indicates that the text will be found on a clickable button on a GUI screen. For ex-
ample:
Click on the Back button to return to the webpage you last viewed.
computer output
When you see text in this style, it indicates text displayed by the computer on the command line.
You will see responses to commands you typed in, error messages, and interactive prompts for
your input during scripts or programs shown this way. For example:
Use the ls command to display the contents of a directory: