Red Hat LINUX 7.1 - PSERIES User manual

Red Hat Linux 7.1
The Official Red Hat Linux pSeries Installation
Guide

ISBN: N/A
Red Hat, Inc.
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© 2001 Red Hat, Inc.
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Printed in Canada, Ireland, and Japan
ii

Contents
Red Hat Linux 7.1
Chapter 1 Introduction............................................................. 7
1.1 Documentation Conventions .................................................... 7
1.2 How to Use This Manual......................................................... 9
Chapter 2 Steps to Get You Started....................................... 11
2.1 Step 1 - Do You Have the Right Red Hat Linux Components? .............. 11
2.2 Step 2 - Is Your Hardware Compatible?........................................ 12
2.3 Step 3 - Do You Have Enough Disk Space?................................... 12
2.4 Step 4 - Can You Install Using the Red Hat Linux CD-ROM? ............... 14
2.5 Step 5 - Which Installation Class is Best For You?............................ 16
Chapter 3 Installation Options and System Requirements
Tables.......................................................................... 21
Chapter 4 Installing Red Hat Linux........................................ 27
4.1 The Installation Program User Interface ....................................... 27
4.2 Starting the Installation Program................................................ 28
4.3 Selecting an Installation Method................................................ 31
4.4 Beginning the Installation........................................................ 31
4.5 Language Selection.............................................................. 33
4.6 Keyboard Configuration.......................................................... 34
4.7 Mouse Configuration ............................................................. 35
4.8 Welcome to Red Hat Linux ...................................................... 37
4.9 Install Options..................................................................... 37
4.10 Disk Partitioning .................................................................. 38
4.11 Partitioning Your System......................................................... 40
4.12 Partitioning with fdisk............................................................. 45
4.13 Formatting Partitions ............................................................. 46
4.14 Installing YABOOT................................................................ 47
iii

4.15 Network Configuration ........................................................... 50
4.16 Firewall Configuration............................................................ 51
4.17 Language Support Selection.................................................... 55
4.18 Time Zone Configuration ........................................................ 56
4.19 Account Configuration ........................................................... 57
4.20 Authentication Configuration .................................................... 59
4.21 Package Group Selection........................................................ 61
4.22 GUI X Configuration Tool ........................................................ 67
4.23 Preparing to Install ............................................................... 71
4.24 Installing Packages............................................................... 71
4.25 Installation Complete............................................................. 72
Chapter 5 Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode............... 75
5.1 Things You Should Know ........................................................ 75
5.2 The Installation Program User Interface ....................................... 77
5.3 Starting the Installation Program................................................ 79
5.4 Installation Cross-reference Table .............................................. 80
5.5 Identify Disk Partition to Install From ........................................... 81
5.6 Installing over a Network......................................................... 82
5.7 Configuring Your Video Adapter ................................................ 86
5.8 Configuring the X Window System ............................................. 86
Appendix A Removing Red Hat Linux....................................... 93
Appendix B Getting Technical Support.................................... 95
B.1 Remember to Sign Up ........................................................... 95
B.2 An Overview of Red Hat Support ............................................... 95
B.3 Scope of Red Hat Support ...................................................... 96
B.4 How to Get Technical Support .................................................. 97
B.5 Questions for Technical Support................................................ 98
B.6 Support Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)................................... 99
iv

Appendix C Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat
Linux ........................................................................ 101
C.1 You are Unable to Boot Red Hat Linux......................................... 101
C.2 Trouble Beginning the Installation............................................... 101
C.3 Trouble During the Installation .................................................. 102
C.4 Problems After Installation....................................................... 104
v

vi

Section 1.1:Documentation Conventions 7
1 Introduction
Welcome to the Official Red Hat Linux pSeries Installation Guide.
The Official Red Hat Linux pSeries Installation Guide contains useful information to assist you during
the installation of Red Hat Linux. From fundamental concepts such as installation preparation (gath-
ering information about your current system) to the step-by-step installation procedure, this book will
be a valuable resource as you install Red Hat Linux.
This manual will walk you through a typical installation using the Red Hat Linux CD-ROMs. Once
you have completed the installation as outlined in this manual, you will have a fully functioning Red
Hat Linux desktop system.
1.1 Documentation Conventions
When you read this manual, you will see that certain words are represented in different fonts, type-
faces, sizes and weights. This highlighting is systematic; different words are represented in the same
style to indicate their inclusion in a specific category. The types of words that are represented this way
include the following:
command
Linux commands (and other operating system commands, when used) are represented this way.
This style should indicate to you that you can type in the word or phrase on the command line
and press [Enter] to invoke a command. Sometimes a command contains words that would be
displayed in a different style on their own (like filenames). In these cases, they are considered
to be part of the command, so the entire phrase will be displayed as a command. For example:
Use the cat testfile command to view the contents of a file, named testfile, in the
current working directory.
filename
Filenames, directory names, paths, and RPM package names are represented this way. This
style should indicate that a particular file or directory exists by that name on your Red Hat
Linux system. Examples:
The .bashrc file in your home directory contains bash shell definitions and aliases for your
own use.
The /etc/fstab file contains information about different system devices and filesystems.
The /usr/share/doc directory contains documentation for various programs.
Install the webalizer RPM if you want to use a Web server log file analysis program.

8 Chapter 1:Introduction
application
This style should indicate to you that the program named is an end-user application (as opposed
to system software). For example:
Use Netscape Navigator to browse the Web.
[key]
A key on the keyboard is shown in this style. For example:
To use [Tab] completion, type in a character and then press the [Tab] key. Your terminal will
display the list of files in the directory that start with that letter.
Combinations of keystrokes
A combination of keystrokes is represented like this: [key]-[key]. For example:
The [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[Backspace] key combination will restart the X Window System.
Sequences of commands in Graphical User Interface (GUI) menus
If you need to type in a sequence of commands from a GUI menu, they’ll be shown similar to
the following example:
Click on Programs=>Applications=>Emacs to start the Emacs text editor.
Additionally, we use several differentstrategies to draw your attention to certain pieces of information.
In order of how critical the information is to your system, these items will be marked as a note, a
caution, or a warning. For example:
Note
Remember that Linux is case sensitive. In other words, a rose is not a ROSE
is not a rOsE.
CAUTION
Do not do routine tasks as root — use a regular user account unless you need
to use the root account to administer your system.

Section 1.2:How to Use This Manual 9
WARNING
If you choose not to partition manually, a server-class installation will
remove all existing partitions on all installed hard drives. Do not choose
this installation class unless you are sure you have no data you need to
save.
1.2 How to Use This Manual
This manual focuses on a CD-ROM based installation, so it is ideal for users (both new and old) who
want a quick and simple installation solution. It will help you prepare your system, walk you through
the installation, and assist you in the configuration of Red Hat Linux.
If you are an experienced user who wants to perform a Red Hat Linux CD-ROM installation, and you
do not need a review of the basics, you can skip ahead to Chapter 4, Installing Red Hat Linux to begin
the installation process.
Tip
Refer to the Red Hat Frequently Asked Questions for answers to questions
and problems that may occur before, during, or after the installation. You
will find the FAQ online at:
http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/faqs/rhl_general_faq/FAQ.html

10 Chapter 1:Introduction

Section 2.1:Step 1 - Do You Have the Right Red Hat Linux Components? 11
2 Steps to Get You Started
Before you install Red Hat Linux, you will need to perform the following steps:
2.1 Step 1 - Do You Have the Right Red Hat Linux
Components?
If you have purchased the Official Red Hat Linux boxed set, you are ready to go! However, mistakes
occasionally happen, so now is a good time to double-check the contents of your boxed set.
A black, red, and white Registration Information card is included in your boxed set. A list of the
contents of your boxed set version is on the back of the card. Please read over the list and check to
make sure that you have all the CDs and manuals that are included with the version of Red Hat Linux
that you purchased.
If you have purchased the Official Red Hat Linux boxed set from Red Hat, Inc. (or one of its distrib-
utors), and you are missing one or more of the items listed, please let us know! Contact information
is also available on the Registration Information card.
How to identify our official boxed set: The bottom of our box has an ISBN number next to one of the
bar codes. That ISBN number should be in this form:
1-58569- x - y
(The xand ywill be unique numbers.)
Red Hat partners with companies (international and domestic) so that we can make Red Hat Linux
available to you in the most convenient form. Because of these partnerships, you might find that your
Red Hat Linux boxed set may not have been actually produced by Red Hat.
If your box has a different ISBN number (or none at all), you will need to contact the company that
produced your boxed set. Normally, third-party producers will include their logo and/or contact infor-
mation on the outside of the box; an official Red Hat Linux boxed set lists only our name and contact
information.
2.1.1 Where to Find Other Red Hat Linux Manuals
If your particular boxed set did not include all of the printed Red Hat Linux manuals, you can find
them online or on the Red Hat Linux Documentation CD.
To find the manuals in both HTML and PDF formats online, visit http://www.redhat.com/sup-
port/manuals.

12 Chapter 2:Steps to Get You Started
2.1.2 Why You Should Register Your Red Hat Linux Boxed
Set
If you have purchased an official Red Hat Linux 7.1 boxed set, you should register your product.
Registration offers many useful services, such as installation support, priority FTP access, and more.
To register your product, go to http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/. You will find your Product ID
on the Registration Information card in your Official Red Hat Linux boxed set. Once registered, you
will have access to all the extras that Red Hat provides to its registered users.
For more information on registering and the scope of Red Hat’s technical support offerings, see Ap-
pendix B, Getting Technical Support.
2.1.3 No Boxed Set? No Problem!
Of course, not everyone purchases a Red Hat Linux boxed set. It is entirely possible to install Red
Hat Linux using a CD created by another company, or even via FTP. In these cases, you may need to
create one or more diskettes to get started.
For information on downloading and installing Red Hat Linux, refer to http://www.redhat.com/down-
load/howto_download.html.
For people installing Red Hat Linux from a CD-ROM not from Red Hat, you may need a boot disk,
or if you are using a PCMCIA device during the installation , a PCMCIA boot disk. It may also be
possible to start the installation directly from the CD. We will discuss this in more detail when we
outline the various installation methods.
For information on making diskettes, see Section 2.4.2, Making Installation Diskettes .
2.2 Step 2 - Is Your Hardware Compatible?
Hardware compatibility is particularly importantif you have an older system or a system that you built
yourself. Red Hat Linux 7.1 should be compatible with most hardware in systems that were factory
built within the last two years. However, hardware specifications change almost daily, so it is hard to
guarantee that your hardware will be 100% compatible.
First, gather all the system hardware information you can; Chapter 3, Installation Options and System
Requirements Tables and Chapter 5, Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode have instructions (includ-
ing instructions for Windows users) which may assist you.
2.3 Step 3 - Do You Have Enough Disk Space?
Nearly every modern-day operating system (OS) uses disk partitions, and Red Hat Linux is no ex-
ception. When you install Red Hat Linux, you may have to work with disk partitions. If you have not

Section 2.3:Step 3 - Do You Have Enough Disk Space? 13
worked with disk partitions before (or need a quick review of the basic concepts) read An Introduction
to Disk Partitions in the appendix of the Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide before proceeding.
If Red Hat Linux will share your system with another OS, you will needto make sure you have enough
available disk space on your hard drive(s) for this installation.
The disk space used by Red Hat Linux must be separate from the disk space used by other OSes you
may have installed on your system, such as Windows, OS/2, or even a different version of Linux. Two
partitions (/and swap) must be dedicated to Red Hat Linux.
Before you start the installation process, one of the three following conditions must be met:
• Your computer must have enough unpartitioned disk space for the installation of Red Hat Linux.
• You must have one or more partitions that may be deleted, thereby freeing up enough disk space
to install Red Hat Linux.
2.3.1 Installation Disk Space Requirements
Workstation-class
A workstation-class installation, choosing to install GNOME or KDE, requires at least 1.2 GB
of free space. Choosing both GNOME and KDE requires at least 1.5 GB of free disk space.
Server-class
A server-class installation requires 650 MB for a minimal installation and at least 1.2 GB of free
space if every package is selected.
Custom-class
A custom-class installation requires 300 MB for a minimal installation and at least 2.4 GB of
free space if every package is selected.
Note
To use automatic partitioning, you must have enough free disk space avail-
able (1.2 GB or more); if you do not have enough free disk space available,
this option will not appear during your installation.
If you are not sure that you meet these conditions, or if you want to know how to create free disk space
for your Red Hat Linux installation, please refer to the partitioning appendix in the Official Red Hat
Linux Reference Guide.

14 Chapter 2:Steps to Get You Started
2.4 Step 4 - Can You Install Using the Red Hat Linux
CD-ROM?
There are several methods that can be used to install Red Hat Linux. This manual focuses on installing
from the CD-ROM. For instructions on alternative installation methods, refer to Chapter 5, Installing
Red Hat Linux via Text Mode.
Installing from a CD requires that you have purchased a Red Hat Linux 7.1 boxed set, or you have a
Red Hat Linux CD-ROM, and you have a CD-ROM drive. Most new computers will allow booting
from the CD-ROM. If your system will support booting from the CD-ROM, it is an easy way to begin
a local CD-ROM installation.
Your BIOS may need to be changed to allow booting from your CD-ROMdrive. For more information
about editing your BIOS, see Section 4.2.1, Booting the Installation Program.
2.4.1 Alternative Boot Methods
If you cannot boot from the CD-ROM drive, the following alternative boot methods are also available:
Local Boot Disk
You may need a local boot disk or PCMCIA boot disks, if you cannot boot from the CD-ROM
drive.
If you need a local boot disk, you must create it. The local boot disk image file, boot.img,
is located in the images directory on your Red Hat Linux/x86 CD. Refer to Section 2.4.2,
Making Installation Diskettes for more information on making a boot disk.
PCMCIA Boot Disks
You may need PCMCIA boot disks if you are using a PCMCIA device to install Red Hat Linux.
If you need PCMCIA boot disks, you must create them. Refer to Section 2.4.2, Making Instal-
lation Diskettes for those instructions.
The following checklist can help you determine if you will need to create PCMCIA boot disks:
• You will install Red Hat Linux from a CD-ROM, and your CD-ROM drive is attached to
your computer through a PCMCIA card.
• You will use a PCMCIA network adapter during the installation.
The PCMCIA boot disks image files, pcmcia.img and pcmicadd.img, are located in the
images directory on your Red Hat Linux/x86 CD. Refer to Section 2.4.2, Making Installation
Diskettes for more information on making a boot disk.

Section 2.4:Step 4 - Can You Install Using the Red Hat Linux CD-ROM? 15
Note
Although it is not required to boot your installation, you may occasionally
find that a driver disk is needed to continue with the installation. The Driver
Disks appendix in the Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide explains why
a driver disk may be necessary for your installation, and how to obtain one
if needed.
2.4.2 Making Installation Diskettes
You may need to create a diskette from an image file; for example, you may need to use updated
diskette images obtained from the Red Hat Linux errata page or you may need to create a boot disk.
An image file contains an exact copy (or image) of a diskette’s contents. Since a diskette contains
filesystem information in addition to the data contained in files, the image file is not usable until it has
been written to a diskette.
To start, you will need a blank, formatted, high-density (1.44MB), 3.5-inch diskette. You will need ac-
cess to a computer with a 3.5-inch diskette drive. The computer must be able to run either an MS-DOS
program or the dd utility found on most Linux-like operating systems.
The images directory on your Red Hat Linux CD contains the boot images for Red Hat Linux/x86.
Once you have selected the proper image, transfer the image file onto a diskette.
Using the rawrite Utility
To make a diskette using MS-DOS, use the rawrite utility included on the Red Hat Linux CD
in the dosutils directory. First, label a blank, formatted 3.5-inch diskette appropriately (such as
"Boot Disk" or "Updates Disk"). Insert it into the diskette drive. Then, use the following commands
(assuming your CD is drive d:):
C:\> d:
D:\> cd \dosutils
D:\dosutils> rawrite
Enter disk image source file name: ..\images\boot.img
Enter target diskette drive: a:
Please insert a formatted diskette into drive A: and
press --ENTER-- : [Enter]
D:\dosutils>
First, rawrite asks you for the filename of a diskette image; enter the directory and name of the
image you wish to write (forexample, ..\images\boot.img). Then rawrite asks for a diskette
drive to write the image to; enter a:. Finally, rawrite asks for confirmation that a formatted diskette

16 Chapter 2:Steps to Get You Started
is in the drive you have selected. After pressing [Enter] to confirm, rawrite copies the image file
onto the diskette. If you need to make another diskette, label that diskette, and run rawrite again,
specifying the appropriate image file.
Using the dd Command
To make a diskette under Linux (or any other Linux-like operating system), you must have permission
to write to the device representing a 3.5-inch diskette drive (known as /dev/fd0 under Linux).
First, label a blank, formatted diskette appropriately (such as "Boot Disk" or "Updates Disk"). Insert
it into the diskette drive (but do not issue a mount command). After mounting the Red Hat Linux CD,
change directory to the directory containing the desired image file, and use the following command
(changing the name of the image file and diskette device as appropriate):
#dd if=boot.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=1440k
To make another diskette, label that diskette, and run dd again, specifying the appropriate image file.
2.5 Step 5 - Which Installation Class is Best For You?
Usually, Red Hat Linux is installed on its own disk partition or set of partitions, or over another instal-
lation of Linux.
WARNING
Installing Red Hat Linux over another installation of Linux (including
Red Hat Linux) does not preserve any information (files or data) from
a prior installation. Make sure you save any important files! If you are
installing this way, and you want to preserve the current data on your
existing system, you need to back up your data and/or consider perform-
ing an upgrade instead.
Red Hat Linux provides three different classes, or types, of installations:
Workstation
A workstation-class installation is most appropriate if you are new to the world of Linux, and
would like to give it a try. By answering a few installation questions, you can be up and running
Red Hat Linux in no time!
Server

Section 2.5:Step 5 - Which Installation Class is Best For You? 17
A server-class installation is most appropriate for you if you would like your system to function
as a Linux-based server, and you do not want to heavily customize your system configuration.
Custom
A custom-class installation allows you the greatest flexibility during your installation. You
choose your partitioning scheme, which packages you want and more. Custom-class installa-
tions are most appropriate for those users more familiar with Red Hat Linux installations and
for those afraid of losing complete flexibility.
Note
The custom-class installation allows you the most flexibility. The worksta-
tion- and server-class installations go through the installation process for you
and omit certain steps. However, partition flexibility has been added to work-
station- and server-class installations, so you can now partition your drives
manually during those classes of installations, if you choose to.
These classes give you the option of simplifying the installation process (with some potential for loss
of configuration flexibility), or retaining flexibility with a slightly more complex installation process.
Next, take a detailed look at each class, so you can see which one is right for you.
2.5.1 Workstation-Class Installations
Most suitable for new users, the workstation-class installation will install your choice of the GNOME
or KDE desktop environments, or both, and the X Window System.
WARNING
A workstation-class installation will erase all information in all Linux-
related partitions from every one of your computer’s hard drive(s).
Below are the minimum recommended disk space requirements for a workstation-class installation.
• Workstation choosing GNOME: 1.2 GB
• Workstation choosing KDE: 1.2 GB
• Workstation choosing both GNOME and KDE, and games: 1.5 GB

18 Chapter 2:Steps to Get You Started
If you plan to choose all group packages (for example, GNOME is a group of packages), as well as
select additional individual packages, you may want to allow yourself 1.5 GB or more of disk space.
If you provide this extra space, you will have room for additional data, if needed.
Note
Unlike workstation-class installations previous to Red Hat Linux 7.0, per-
forming a Red Hat Linux 7.1 workstation-class installation will not install
the network daemon xinetd (inet services). When xinetd is not installed,
you will have a more secure installation. However,in-bound network-related
services such as finger,telnet,talk, and FTP will not work.1If you require
these types of services, please go back and choose aserver- or acustom-class
installation.
What a Workstation-Class Installation Will Do
If you choose automatic partitioning, a workstation-class installation removes all Linux-related par-
titions on all installed hard drives (and uses all free unpartitioned disk space) to create the following
partitions:
• A 64 MB swap partition.
• A 4 MB PReP boot partition in which the Linux kernel or the bootloader resides.
• A variable-sized root partition (mounted as /) in which all other files are stored (the exact size of
this partition is dependent on your available disk space).
2.5.2 Server-Class Installations
A server-class installation is most appropriate for you if you would like your system to function as a
Linux-based server, and you do not want to heavily customize your system configuration.
The recommended disk space requirements for a server-class installation are as follows:
• Server (minimum): 650 MB
• Server (choosing everything): 1.2 GB
If you plan to choose all group packages, as well as select additional individual packages, you may
want to allow yourself 1.2 GB or more of disk space. This will provide space where additional data
may be written.
1For example, you can telnet out to other systems, but other systems cannot telnet in to your system.

Section 2.5:Step 5 - Which Installation Class is Best For You? 19
WARNING
A server-class installation will erase all partitions (both Linux and non-
Linux) from every one of your computer’s hard drive(s).
What a Server-Class Installation Will Do
During the server-class installation, the X Window System is not configured and no GUI will be loaded
when the system boots, unless you choose to install the appropriate packages during package selection.
If you choose automatic partitioning, the installation program deletes all data in all existing partitions
of any kind and decides how to partition the disk for the new version.
If you choose automatic partitioning, a server-class installation removes ALL existing partitions on
ALL installed hard drives, so choose this installation class only if you are sure you have nothing you
want saved! When the installation is complete, you will find the following partitions:
• A 256 MB swap partition.
• A 256 MB partition (mounted as /).
• A partition of at least 512 MB (mounted as /usr).
• A partition of at least 512 MB (mounted as /home).
• A 256 MB partition (mounted as /var).
• A 4 MB PReP boot partition in which the Linux kernel or the bootloader resides.
This disk partitioning scheme results in a reasonably flexible filesystem configuration for most server-
class tasks.
2.5.3 Custom-Class Installations
The custom-class installation allows you the most flexibility during your installation. The worksta-
tion-class and server-class installations automatically go through the installation process for you and
omit certain steps. During a custom-class installation, you must decide how disk space should be par-
titioned. You have complete control over the packages that will be installed on your system.
The recommended disk space requirements for a custom-class installation are as follows:
• Custom (minimum): 300 MB
• Custom (choosing everything): 2.4 GB

20 Chapter 2:Steps to Get You Started
What a Custom-Class Installation Will Do
As you might guess from the name, a custom-class installation puts the emphasis on flexibility. During
a custom-class installation, you can choose how disk space should be partitioned. You have complete
control over which packages will be installed on your system.
The following list may help those of you who are trying to decide which installation class will better
suit your needs. If you think you will have trouble performing any of the tasks on this list, you should
not perform a custom-class installation without reading through this manual and clarifying any ques-
tions you may have.
• Selecting and Installing Packages — This step is performed after your partitions have been con-
figured and selected for formatting. You are allowed to select groups of packages, individual
packages, a combination of the two, or choose an Everything install.
• YABOOT Configuration — In a custom class installation, you are able to choose whether you
would like YABOOT to be installed.
• Authentication Configuration — During a custom-class installation, you can set up network pass-
words using authentication configuration.
If you choose automatic partitioning, a custom-class installation removes all Linux-related partitions
on all installedhard drives (and usesall free unpartitioned diskspace) to create the following partitions:
• A 64 MB swap partition.
• A 4 MB PReP boot partition in which the Linux kernel or the bootloader resides.
• A variable-sized root partition (mounted as /) in which all other files are stored (the exact size of
this partition is dependent on your available disk space).