RFS ClearFill Star CDMA User manual

ClearFill Star CDMA
1100187 Rev. 1.0
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Handbook
ClearFill®Star CDMA

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The following manual is written by RFS for the handling of the ClearFill®Star System. Please
utilize your ClearFill®Star System only as described below and after you have read this
manual carefully. If you act without authority, RFS cannot be held responsible for any
sequences of such operations. Unauthorized actions can cause dangers and damages. In
case of doubts, please consult RFS before.
All information contained herein is the property of RFS. No part of this document may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any
purpose, without the written permission of RFS.
RFS reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and equipment
described in this manual.
RFS is in no way responsible for any damages caused by reliance on this manual, including,
but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.
As we are not free of errors, please let us have your comments on this manual, either faults
or unclear chapters. It will help us to improve the documentation and also our equipment
according to your needs.
Please send your remarks to:
RFS GmbH
Kabelkamp 20
D-30179 Hannover
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
www.RFSWorld.com
Copyright © 2009 by RFS
All rights reserved.
Trademarks:
All trademarks marked by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of RFS. All other
trademarks belong to their respective owners.

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Table of Contents
Table of Figures 7
Table of Charts 9
1Introduction 10
1.1 General 10
1.2 Conventions in this Manual 12
1.3 Standards Conformance 12
1.4 Firmware Release 12
2ClearFill®Star System Description 13
2.1 General description 13
2.1.1 Supported Services 15
2.1.2 Identification of System 15
2.1.3 System Structure (deployment architectures) 16
2.2 Unit description 18
2.2.1 Base Station Interface (BSI) 18
2.2.2 Remote Radio Head (RRH) 19
2.2.3 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) 19
2.2.4 Supported Ethernet Standards 19
2.3 Features 20
2.3.1 General Features 20
2.3.2 Sectorization 21
2.3.3 Guided Hard Handover (Pilot Beacon Functionality) 22
3System Design Guidelines 23
3.1 CDMA Basics (in preparation) 23
3.1.1 Data (in preparation) 23
3.1.2 Voice (in preparation) 23
3.2 Required information for system design 23
3.2.1 Power level 23
3.2.2 Coverage area / Architecture drawings 24
3.2.3 Type of Building 28
3.2.4 Number of Users 29
3.2.5 Typical parameters 30
3.3 Design step by step 30
3.3.1 Determine coverage area per RRH 30
3.3.2 Number of RRH for Coverage 3G1x and EV-DO 30
3.3.3 Number of RRH for beacon 32
3.3.4 Number of BSI 32
3.3.5 Number of GES 34
3.4 Estimated RF Coverage per RRH 41
3.4.1 Propagation Model (Free Space Loss) 41
3.4.2 Power Level Estimation (Link Budget) 44
3.4.3 Link Loss (Coverage distance) 48
3.4.4 Only one direct connected antenna (in preparation) 48
3.4.5 Examples of Coverage Estimates (in preparation) 48
3.5 Right-sizing - the beacon feature (in preparation) 48
3.6 Capacity demand - number for BSIs (in preparation) 48
3.7 System Architecture 49

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3.7.1 Rules from the Ethernet World 49
3.7.2 Gigabit Ethernet Switch 49
3.7.3 Example system architecture 50
3.7.4 System feeding 50
4System Installation 52
4.1 General 52
4.1.1 Safety Considerations 52
4.1.2 Packing List 52
4.1.3 Health and Safety Warnings 52
4.1.4 Installation Locations and requirements 53
4.1.5 Recommended Tools/Installation Incidentals 53
4.1.6 Accessories to be provided locally 53
4.2 System Installation (Hardware Installation) 54
4.3 Installation Radio Remote Head (RRH) 55
4.4 Installation Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) 56
4.5 Installation Base Station Interface (BSI) 56
4.6 Installation NMS Server (Hardware) 56
4.7 Commissioning of NMS 57
4.7.1 Start of NMS Server 57
4.7.2 BTS – ClearFill®Star Integration 57
4.7.3 Commissioning of ClearFill®Star via NMS 57
4.7.4 System optimization 70
5NMS Overview 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Starting the NMS 71
5.2.1 IP address setup 71
5.3 Tools and Utilities of NMS server 72
5.3.1 The Web NMS Launcher 72
5.3.2 Discovery Configurator 73
5.3.3 ClearFill Star Client Login Window 77
5.3.4 Logs Window 78
5.4 Main Window of NMS Application Client (structure) 79
5.4.1 The Menu Bar 80
5.4.2 The Tree Pane 80
5.4.3 The Display Pane 81
5.4.4 The Alarm Summary Pane 81
5.5 The NMS client functionality 81
5.5.1 Network Maps 81
5.5.2 Fault Management 88
5.5.3 Provisioning 90
5.5.4 Network Database 105
5.5.5 SNMP Tools 106
5.6 Right Click Menus 106
5.6.1 RRH/BSI Right-Click Options 107
5.6.2 Switch Right-Click Menu 108
5.6.3 Network Right-Click Menu 109
5.7 RRH Configuration 110

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5.8 BSI Configuration 114
5.8.1 Fault Management 115
6Configuration Management 120
6.1 Introduction 120
6.2 Change settings and system parameters 120
6.2.1 Sector configuration 120
6.2.2 RRH 120
6.2.3 GES 122
6.2.4 BSI 122
7System Supervision 124
7.1 Introduction 124
7.2 Supervision GUI 124
7.3 Alarms and faults structure 124
7.4 Alarm description and their possible causes 124
7.4.1 BSI 125
7.4.2 RRH 126
7.5 Alarm management (graphics, analysis etc.) 128
7.6 External alarm routing 128
8Remote Management and Supervision 129
9Operational used cases/Maintenance 130
9.1 Introduction 130
9.2 Swap faulty devices 130
9.2.1 Swap RRH 130
9.2.2 Swap GES 130
9.2.3 Swap BSI 131
9.2.4 Swap NMS 131
9.3 Add RRH 131
9.4 Move RRH 131
9.5 Change RRH sector allocation 132
9.6 Reset RRH and BSI 132
9.7 Maintenance 133
9.7.1 Introduction 133
9.7.2 Firmware Update 133
9.8 Warranty 134
9.8.1 RFS Maintenance Services 134
9.8.2 Welcome Center 135
9.8.3 Technical Support / Help Desk 137
9.8.4 Escalation levels 137
9.8.5 SW Maintenance 138
10 System Specifications and Technical Data 139
10.1 RF Specification of ClearFill®Star System 139
10.1.1 General Specification 139
10.1.2 Downlink 139
10.1.3 Uplink 141
10.2 System elements data sheets 143
10.2.1 POI 143
10.2.2 Simplexed Twin BSI 144

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10.2.3 RRH 145
10.2.4 GES 145
10.3 Environmental Conditions 146
10.3.1 Operations 146
10.3.2 Transportation & Storage 146
11 Conformance Statements 147
11.1 United States 147
11.1.1 Introduction 147
11.1.2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 147
11.1.3 FCC Part 15 Class A 147
11.1.4 RF approval 147
11.1.5 IEC product safety conformance 147
11.1.6 Indoor applications 148
11.1.7 Antenna exposure 148
11.1.8 Radiofrequency radiation exposure Information 148
11.1.9 Packaging collection and recovery requirements 148
11.1.10 Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries 148
11.2 Canada 149
11.2.1 Introduction 149
11.2.2 Industry Canada (IC) 149
11.2.3 Indoor applications 149
11.2.4 Packaging collection and recovery requirements 149
11.2.5 Recycling / take-back / disposal of products and batteries 149
12 Appendix 151
12.1 Abbreviations: 151

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Table of Figures
Figure 1 ClearFill®Star system component distribution.................................................................. 10
Figure 2 Typical deployment topology of a ClearFill®Star network................................................ 13
Figure 3 Signal flow of ClearFill®Star............................................................................................. 14
Figure 4 Point of Interconnection (POI) device............................................................................... 15
Figure 5 Twin Base Station Interface (BSI) device......................................................................... 15
Figure 6 Remote Radio Head (RHH) device................................................................................... 16
Figure 7 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) device.............................................................................. 16
Figure 8 General deployment architectures: (a) star configuration (one sector with 5 RRH) and (b)
tree configuration (sector 1 with 3 RRH, sector 2 with 2 RRH)................................................ 17
Figure 9 Example of a cascaded transport network........................................................................18
Figure 10 Illustration of CDMA channel assignment to RRH via VLAN.......................................... 21
Figure 11 Illustration of a typical in-building deployment scenario with pilot beacons.................... 22
Figure 12 Path loss models (source: Wireless Valley).................................................................... 27
Figure 13 Erlang B formula............................................................................................................. 29
Figure 14 Traffic Intensity ............................................................................................................... 29
Figure 15 Example 1 for Twin-BSI configuration ............................................................................33
Figure 16 Example 2 for Twin-BSI configuration ............................................................................33
Figure 17 GES front view................................................................................................................ 34
Figure 18 ClearFill®Star setup example 1...................................................................................... 36
Figure 19 ClearFill®Star setup example 2...................................................................................... 37
Figure 20 ClearFill®Star setup example 3...................................................................................... 38
Figure 21 ClearFill®Star setup example 4...................................................................................... 39
Figure 22 ClearFill®Star setup example 5...................................................................................... 40
Figure 23 Scenario for UL reception power level calculation.......................................................... 46
Figure 24 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 900 MHz..................................................... 48
Figure 25 Indoor Loss for Different Building Types at 1900 MHz................................................... 48
Figure 26 GES Login Menu ............................................................................................................ 58
Figure 27 GES IP Configuration Menu ...........................................................................................59
Figure 28 GES SNMP configuration menu ..................................................................................... 60
Figure 29 GES STP configuration menu......................................................................................... 61
Figure 30 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for NMS ....................................................... 63
Figure 31 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Voice...................................................... 64
Figure 32 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu for Data........................................................ 65
Figure 33 GES tag based VLAN configuration menu .....................................................................65
Figure 34 GES VLAN Tag Rule menu ............................................................................................ 66
Figure 35 VLAN Tag Rule Edit Menu.............................................................................................. 66
Figure 36 Web NMS Launcher Window.......................................................................................... 68
Figure 37 ClearFill®Star authentication.......................................................................................... 68
Figure 38 Network Map – Switches................................................................................................69
Figure 39 Network Map – Unconfigured RRH / BSI Nodes ............................................................ 70
Figure 40 Web NMS Launcher window ..........................................................................................72
Figure 41 Discovery Configurator – General Tab........................................................................... 74
Figure 42 Discovery Configurator - Network Discovery tab............................................................ 75
Figure 43 Login Screen................................................................................................................... 77
Figure 44 Logs Window.................................................................................................................. 78
Figure 45 Application Client Screen................................................................................................ 79

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Figure 46 Switches ......................................................................................................................... 82
Figure 47 Map View for Non ClearFill devices................................................................................ 83
Figure 48 ClearFill®Star objects map............................................................................................. 84
Figure 49 Unconfigured Devices Map............................................................................................. 85
Figure 50 Failed Systems map....................................................................................................... 86
Figure 51 Configured BSIs and RRHs map view............................................................................ 87
Figure 52 Network events view....................................................................................................... 88
Figure 53 Alarms view .................................................................................................................... 89
Figure 54 Templates Display Panel................................................................................................ 90
Figure 55 AddClearFillObj provisioning template............................................................................ 91
Figure 56 DeviceConfig provisioning template ...............................................................................92
Figure 57 Firmware download template.......................................................................................... 93
Figure 58 Remove Sector step 1.................................................................................................... 94
Figure 59 Remove Sector step 2.................................................................................................... 95
Figure 60 Remove Sector step 3.................................................................................................... 96
Figure 61 SectorConfiguration template step 1 .............................................................................. 97
Figure 62 SectorConfiguration template step 2 .............................................................................. 98
Figure 63 SectorConfiguration template step 3 .............................................................................. 99
Figure 64 SectorConfiguration template step 4 ............................................................................ 100
Figure 65 SectorConfiguration template step 5 ............................................................................ 101
Figure 66 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 1 ..................................................................... 102
Figure 67 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 2 ..................................................................... 103
Figure 68 SectorPilotConfiguration template step 3 ..................................................................... 104
Figure 69 Activity List.................................................................................................................... 104
Figure 70 Network Database Network View................................................................................. 105
Figure 71 RRH/BSI Right Click Menu...........................................................................................107
Figure 72 Switch Right Click Menu...............................................................................................108
Figure 73 Network right-click menu with stop option .................................................................... 109
Figure 74 Network right-click menu with start option.................................................................... 109
Figure 75 RRH General Configuration Tab................................................................................... 110
Figure 76 RRH Pilot Beacon Configuration Tab........................................................................... 111
Figure 77 RRH Sector Configuration Tab.....................................................................................112
Figure 78 RRH Status Tab............................................................................................................ 113
Figure 79 BSI Configuration General Tab..................................................................................... 114
Figure 80 BSI Configuration Sector Tab....................................................................................... 115
Figure 81 Search Window............................................................................................................. 116
Figure 82 Event Viewer................................................................................................................. 118
Figure 83 Schematic illustration of local RRH interfaces.............................................................. 128
Figure 84 Advanced Login Screen................................................................................................ 129
Figure 85 Register Service Request from Customer .................................................................... 135
Figure 86 Initiate Product Repair (to Customer)........................................................................... 136
Figure 87 initiate or trigger technical support................................................................................ 136
Figure 88 RFS repair process....................................................................................................... 136
Figure 89 DL System Configuration for Specification................................................................... 139
Figure 90 UL System Configuration for Specification................................................................... 141

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Table of Charts
Table 1 Ethernet Transport Media.................................................................................................. 20
Table 2 Typical attenuation for different materials (source: Wireless Valley)................................. 25
Table 3 Typical attenuation for different building types (source: Wireless Valley).......................... 26
Table 4 Examples for Propagation Coefficient (source: Wireless Valley)....................................... 42
Table 5 RF losses due to physical obstacles (Reference: Wireless Valley)................................... 43
Table 6 Propagation Parameters.................................................................................................... 44
Table 7 Downlink Parameters......................................................................................................... 45
Table 8 Power levels of mobiles..................................................................................................... 46
Table 9 Reception power levels for ClearFill®Star-CDMA ............................................................. 47
Table 10 LED indications at RRH.................................................................................................125
Table 11 LED indication at BSI..................................................................................................... 127
Table 12 Downlink Parameter Specifications ............................................................................... 140
Table 13 Uplink Parameter Specification...................................................................................... 142
Table 14 BTS and POI configurations .......................................................................................... 143

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1 Introduction
This document describes the ClearFill®Star system and its components.
1.1 General
ClearFill®Star is an innovative, digital, IP-based wireless indoor coverage solution.
ClearFill®Star is a unique low-cost approach that improves indoor cellular service by
converting radio coverage into an IP based Ethernet application. It is based on wireless,
Ethernet, and packet technology. This in-building cellular solution uses standard LAN cabling
(CAT5), switches, routers, and network administration which are already installed in most
office buildings, making ClearFill®Star simple and inexpensive to deploy, maintain, and
reconfigure.
Indoor coverage will be provided by ClearFill®Star indoor remote radio heads (RRH)
powered over Ethernet, indoor capacity is defined by the number of ClearFill®Star base
station interface units (BSI) connecting to BTSs/NodeBs.
Figure 1 ClearFill®Star system component distribution
This solution allows distributing the RF signals from a base station via a Gigabit Ethernet
Network. The system digitizes and packages the RF signal of a base station and distributes it
over an Ethernet network.
ClearFill®Star splits coverage- and capacity functionality. This feature allows to extend
capacity at only one central point and to allocate the resource to different RRHs, according to
demand. This concept makes the system highly scaleable and flexible.
The BSI RF interface makes the whole solution BTS vendor agnostic.

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Advantages of ClearFill Star system versus a typical distributed antenna system:
Lower costs for hardware and installation:
Installation costs are reduced by the use of existing infrastructure.
All remote radio heads / active antennas (RRH) are powered via CAT5 cables and
the Power of Ethernet (PoE) functionality that eases the installation considerably.
CAT5 cable (+fiber) versus coaxial cable (+fiber).
Gig-E components versus RF components.
Solution is future proof, because the used transport medium will evolve with Ethernet
evolution; 10 GBit Ethernet solutions are already entering the market.
Costs are competitive due to huge Ethernet market: the benefit is a massive economy
of scale.
Higher flexibility:
Ability to adjust output power per RRH via software.
Supports diversity and sectorization for increasing capacity without additional
hardware.
OA&M functions are integrated in same Gig-E network.
Conversion between fiber medium and CAT5 medium is done easily.
System is flexible and scalable.
Higher performance:
Highest quality of service; due to digitization of the RF signal directly at the source no
degradation of the signal due to distribution.
Digital transport does not degrade RF signal quality.
Elimination of gain uncertainty in the system.
Capacity and coverage are independent with ClearFill®Star:
1 sector worth of capacity can be distributed to multiple RRHs covering a large area
or a single RRH covering a small area resulting in a very flexible growth.
Capability to manage base station capacity. The software assigns Remote Radio
Heads (active antennas) to base station or base station sectors.
Softer and soft handoff features are preserved.
Welcome to the next generation of active Distributed Antenna Systems, welcome to
ClearFill®Star!

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1.2 Conventions in this Manual
This check mark means there is a note of interest and is something you
should pay special attention to while using ClearFill®Star.
This exclamation point means there is a caution or warning and is
something that could damage your property of ClearFill®Star.
This question mark provides you with a reminder about something you
might need to do while using or administrating ClearFill®Star.
1.3 Standards Conformance
The following Standards are applicable to ClearFill®Star:
FCC FCC part 15/ 22/ 24
IC RSS-210 / RSS-131
Safety IEC / EN60950-1
Ethernet TIA/EIA 568-A
PoE IEEE 802.3af
RF Performance 3GPP2 C.S0051-01
Refer to Chapter 11 for compliance information.
1.4 Firmware Release
For the latest Firmware release and associated documentation, access the RFS Internet
Homepage at:
www.RFSWorld.com
or contact
[email protected], or [email protected]

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2 ClearFill®Star System Description
2.1 General description
In order to leverage the commonly available data network infrastructure, ClearFill®Star uses
the same local area network (LAN) topology.
A LAN in a typical office building is laid out in a tree topology. The base of the tree is the
main telecommunication/equipment room with the Ethernet switches and routers. It usually
accommodates the connection to the outside world. From this central location network cables
(fiber or CAT5) branch to multiple telecommunication/equipment closets located throughout
the building. The telecom closets that are spread over the building are connected as the last
level of branches. They connect each individual location that needs network access with
CAT5 cables The telecom closets are usually located so close that the longest CAT5 cable is
less than 100 m (300 ft) long in order to support 1000Base-T Ethernet. An example is
illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Typical deployment topology of a ClearFill®Star network
This topology is also used for ClearFill®Star. The base station (BTS) is usually located in the
main telecom room. A base station interface (BSI) card connects to the BTS.
Fiber or CAT-5 cables connect the BSI to multiple Gigabit Ethernet switches (GESs),
installed in wiring closets all over the building. These switches are connected by CAT-5
cables to the individual remote radio heads (RRHs), installed at desired locations throughout

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the building. One or more external antennas can be connected to an RRH through a short
RF cable or directly on the housing. Power for the RRHs is provided over CAT-5 cables
using the power-over-Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af standard.
Figure 3 shows a schematic signal flow from BTS to RRH.
Base Station Mix Radio Signal
To Baseband Digitize Radio Signal Packetize digitized Radio Signal
Base Station Interface
Mix Radio Signal
To Baseband Digitize Radio Signal Packetize digitized Radio Signal
Base Station Interface
Depacket digitized
Radio Signal Digital Analog Conversion Mix Radio Signal To RF
Remote Radio Head
Synchronization
Ethernet Network
Figure 3 Signal flow of ClearFill®Star
Each system element of the ClearFill®Star system is described in detail
in section 2.2.

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2.1.1 Supported Services
The ClearFill®Star system supports the following services:
CDMA2000 1xRTT systems complying to C.S0002 up to and including Release A
EvDO Release A 1.25 MHz applications
Frequency Band Class 0 (800 MHz band, sub-bands 0,1 and 2)
Frequency Band Class 1 (1900 MHz band)
2.1.2 Identification of System
This chapter gives a short overview of the ClearFill®Star components.
Please see chapter 2.2-Unit description for a more detailed description of
each system element.
2.1.2.1 Point of Interconnection (POI)
The POI attenuates the RF signal of the base station to the input/output system requirements
of the BSI, e.g. when a base station with 2 carriers per sector is used the POI has the
function to split the RF signal into two paths to provide an RF signal to the two required BSIs.
Figure 4 Point of Interconnection (POI) device
2.1.2.2 Base Station Interface (BSI)
The BSI is the interface between BTS and Ethernet Infrastructure. Its function is in downlink
(DL) to digitize and packet the RF signal of the base station according to Ethernet standard.
For the uplink (UL) the BSI translates the digitized packet stream back to RF.
Figure 5 Twin Base Station Interface (BSI) device
2.1.2.3 Remote Radio Head (RHH)
The RRHs are indoor RF front-ends. They have 1Gigabit-Ethernet interfaces. An automatic
summing function is included in the RRH to sum the UL data streams of several RRHs.
Alternatively to the mobile signal coverage function, the RRH can generate up to 7 pilot
beacon signals to support the hard handover. An RRH package includes an external,
removable antenna.

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Figure 6 Remote Radio Head (RHH) device
2.1.2.4 Ethernet Infrastructure incl. Gigabit Ethernet Switched (GES)
The infrastructure for data transport is based on 1Gigabit Ethernet Switches (GES). Two
kinds of cables can be used for the interconnection: CAT5 (or higher) for distances of
maximum 100m (300ft) and optical fibers for longer distances. The GES support Power over
Ethernet (PoE).
Figure 7 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES) device
2.1.2.5 Network Management System (NMS) Server
The NMS is in charge of:
Configuring the network elements
Mapping of RRH to BSI
Operation and administration
Supervision of system (monitoring and control functionality)
Maintenance of system
2.1.3 System Structure (deployment architectures)
ClearFill®Star allows building a star configuration (see Figure 8(a)), i.e. all RRH of the same
sector reside on the same switch level. It also allows a tree configuration (see Figure 8(b)),
i.e. RRHs of different sectors may reside on different switch levels.

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GES RRH
BSI
BSIGES
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
(a) Star configuration
GES RRH
BSI
BSI
GES RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
(b) Tree configuration
Figure 8 General deployment architectures: (a) star configuration (one sector with 5
RRH) and (b) tree configuration (sector 1 with 3 RRH, sector 2 with 2 RRH).
Sector 2
Sector 1

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2.2 Unit description
2.2.1 Base Station Interface (BSI)
The connection to the BTS is established through an RF interface. The RF interface allows
ClearFill®Star to support any manufacture’s BTSs. The central task of the BSI is to convert
the downlink radio signals into outgoing Ethernet packets and to convert incoming Ethernet
packets into uplink radio signals.
The BSIs RF interface processes the downlink RF signal with a down-converter and an
analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) to generate a digital base band signal.
The uplink data is processed by a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) and an up-converter.
To support multiple sectors a ClearFill®Star network can easily support multiple BSIs.
For the uplink, multiple packet streams from multiple RRHs are combined by summation to
form a single IQ signal stream for the BTS receiver. This feature is called summing. A
summing function is included in the BSI, an example for the summing function is shown in
Figure 9.
RRH RRH RRH
GES
RRH + sum
(
Level 4
)
RRH RRH RRH
GES
RRH + sum
(
Level 4
)
GES
GES
GES
BSI + Sum
of Sums
Transport Network of a 4 Cascade Configuration
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
NMS
Figure 9 Example of a cascaded transport network.
The BSI described in this manual is the CFS-BSI-2S-819-1, a simplexed twin BSI rack.
It consists of two BSIs, which are independent units in a single housing. All connections (RF,
Ethernet, power supply) are realized for each BSI independently.

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The simplexed twin BSI rack supports a carrier capacity of 2 CDMA carriers (realized via two
separate BSI in one housing).
The Simplexed Twin BSI can be fed by two external power supplies (one for each
BSI).
The external power supply port is at the rear side of the housing.
Minimum spacing of two RF channels that are supported: 2.5MHz.
The frequency band and channel allocation are controlled separately for each BSI
unit via NMS.
LEDs indicate the BSI status for each BSI unit independently (locally).
2.2.2 Remote Radio Head (RRH)
The RRH converts incoming Ethernet packets into downlink RF signal to radiate it out to the
mobiles. Receiving uplink signals from the mobiles are converted into outgoing Ethernet
packets. The RRH synchronizes its frequency and timing to the BSI/BTS. The RRH is
powered over Ethernet to eliminate the requirement of an AC drop for installation, which
provides significant cost saving. To strive for low equipment cost, the RRH uses handset
technology for its RF transceiver function.
The summing function is implemented in each RRH. When activated a group of RRHs send
their packets to a designated RRH, which combines them with its own uplink data to form a
signal stream to be sent to either the BSI or another summing RRH. By locating the summing
function in the BSI and RRHs, an off-the-shelf Gigabit Ethernet switch can be used in the
ClearFill®Star network.
2.2.3 Gigabit Ethernet Switch (GES)
An Ethernet switch directs data packets to their destination by using their MAC address. In a
ClearFill®Star network, Gigabit Ethernet is used because of the required data rate and
latency. The switches need to support VLAN and priority switching. Commercial off-the-shelf
GES could theoretically be used as data transport network, but special MIB files would have
to be implemented in order to be able to connect NMS to the GES. Therefore, the
ClearFill®Star end-to-end solution offer includes a GES released to operate with BSI and
RRH. The switch can also be used to source DC power for the RRHs over the CAT5 cables
using the POE standard.
Gigabit Ethernet is required due to the link to link synchronization that is essential for the
overall system synchronization.
2.2.4 Supported Ethernet Standards
The distribution of signals between BSI-GES-RRH and GES-NMS is done via Gigabit
Ethernet Network in accordance to the protocol specified in ClearFill®Star.
The distribution of signals between GES-GES is done via Gigabit Ethernet Network in
accordance to the standards defined in Table 1.

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Name Medium Distance
1000BASE-T unshielded twisted pair 100 meters (300 ft)
1000BASE-SX multi-mode fiber 500 meters (1500 ft)
1000BASE-LX single-mode fiber 5 km (3 mi)
Table 1 Ethernet Transport Media
Signal distribution between other entities (e.g. BTS-POI, POI-BSI, and RRH-antenna) is
realized by RF connection.
It is possible to operate WLAN on the same physical infrastructure
depending on the ClearFill®Star-CDMA system, as long as the system
performance of both VLANs (ClearFill®Star and WLAN) is not degraded.
2.3 Features
2.3.1 General Features
A BSI / RRH supports one single CDMA RF carrier. It provides sufficient rejection
against adjacent carriers.
The system uses Ethernet protocol for the communication between BSI, RRH and
switches.
The summing function summarizes the capability to transform a number of incoming
independent data streams in a single data stream.
The RRH contains a summing function. It combines in UL the data stream of up to 8
RRHs (7 RRH + itself).
The BSI contains a summing function. It combines in UL the data of up to 8 data
streams.
The maximum number of supported RRHs in a system configuration with one BSI is
16.
The system supports 2 summing levels (1x BSI, 1x RRH).
The transport network consists of up to 4 cascaded GES.
It is possible to install a pre-configured RRH in a running system (e.g. when a RRH is
disconnected and re-connected afterwards).
A RRH, which has not been configured, will initialize in the NMS and start-up in idle
mode with default values (factory settings). It starts in online mode without
transmitting.
It is possible to adjust the maximum output power of the RRH via the NMS and
remote control of the NMS in 1 dB steps.
The system is capable to upload new SW releases via the network management
center.
Ethernet network operates via CAT5- or fiber links both supporting data rates of
1Gbit/s.
The monitoring and configuration of the network elements is realized by the NMS.