Saab 99 Guide

1

'\

1974

OWNER'S

MANUAL

AND

WARRANTIES

, \

-\

iMPORTANT

OPERA

TlNG

,

SAFETY

.

AND

r,,1AINTENANCE

INSTRUCTIONS

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Dear Saab Owner:

This Manual is an

important

document;

we suggest

you

carry

it

in

your

glove

compartment, so it will always

be

available, especially if

warranty

work

is

needed

.

Your Manual contains the facts you require

to

"get

acquainted"

with

your

car; in fact, you should read it before

you

turn

on the

ignition

for

your

first

drive.

Saab cars are

quality

products,

designed and

built

to

satisfy

exacting

demands

as

to

safety,

durability

,

performance

and

handling

characteristics.

But

no

car

can

perform

to

its

maximum

standards

if

it is

not

properly

maintained

and

driven. So

follow

the

recommendations

given in this

Manual

, and be

sure

an

authorized Saab dealer

is

the

one

who

carries

out

the

maintenance,

adjustments

-and repai

rs

-needed.

In

order

to assist

your

dealer, Saab-Scania

of

America, Inc., has

regional

offices in key locations. (These

offices

are also

maintained

to

assist

the

Saab

owners).

We

thank you

for

choosing

Saab and wish

you

many

pleasurable, safe,

and

trouble-free

miles

of

driving.

SAAB-SCANIA

of

America

, Inc.

!I

I

' \

CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

I Warranty 4

II Taking Delivery 7

III Starting and Driving 8

IV

Controls

and Features

14

V Power Plant 27

Driveline and Electrical Systems

VI

Service and Maintenance 44

VII Technical Data

59

VIII Alphabetical Index 65

2

Heavy diesel vehicles and separate diesel engines are manu-

factured by the Scania Division while the Saab Car Division is

responsible

for

the production

of

Saab passenger cars.

Datasaab D

22

is a civil computer, which is used

for

both ad-

ministrative and technical/scienUfic

computer

applications.

The most recent addition

to

the company's aircraft

product

line

IS the Saab

37

Viggen.

The Nordarmatur Group manufactures and

markets

among

other things, valves for

power

plants. NAF wedge gate valves

have been installed in the Oskarshamn nuclear

power

plant.

THIS

IS SAAB-SCANIA

During 1972 Saab-Scania AB's gross business amounted to over

$1

billion

while the total

number

of

employees was about 30,000. Saab-

Scania AS is

now

the largest organization in Scandinavia

for

advanced development work.

FIVE DIVISIONS

From the organizational aspect the company is divided into five

product-oriented

divisions: The Saab Car Division with its main site

in Nykoping is responsible

for

the overall design,

production

, and marketing

of

Saab cars. The experience gained by the company

in

the automotive field extends back to 1897 when the first Swedi

sh

factory-built

passenger car was manufactured in Sodertalje. During

recent years Saab car activity has expanded rapidly. In 1972 some 84,000 Saab cars were marketed. Actual development, manufacture,

and assembly

of

Saab cars takes place in Trollhattan. Saab cars are also assembled at the Saab Valmet factory in Finland, and during

late 1973

an

additional assembly plant was added at Malines, Bel

gium

.

About

one-half

of

the total Saab car production is exported abroad

with the United States being the largest single

export

market. Today, the Scania Division is one

of

the world's leading manufacturers of

heavy diesel vehicles with sales in 1972

of

about

14,500 trucks and buses. Some 80 per cent

of

the production

of

trucks, buses and

diesel engines

is

sold outside Sweden. The main site

of

the Scania Division is Sodertalje, where the development, production

and

market-

Ing of trucks and engines takes place. Outside Sweden there are Scania plants in Zwolle, Holland and in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The subsid-

iary, Scania-Bussar AB,

is

responsible

for

the

production

and marketing

of

the Scania bus program. The Scania Division

is

also responsible

for

the manufacture

of

engines

for

the Saab

99,

and In this area is one

of

the first companies in the world to depart from the traditional

assembly line system. Instead, the final assembly

of

Saab

99

engines is done by teams

of

three

or

four persons, able to decide among

themsel

ves

on their

work

methods. Aircraft manufacture was

officially

started in 1937,

but

the actual activity

of

the Aerospace Group

goes back to 1930. After the Second World War the Aerospace

Group

developed

into

one

of

the leading European manufacturers of

military aircraft. The Aerospace

Group

has a substantial developmental and

production

activi

ty

in the fields both

of

guided missiles and

airborne electronics. A thriving new departure in the company's business is the

Saab-Scania

Computer

and Electronics

Group

, whi

ch

in a bare ten years has burgeoned into a vigorous Swedish

computer

enterprise

producing

equipment

for

administrative, techn

ic

al

and

scientific data processing. The

Group

also has a division

working

in the medical field

primarily

on

x-ray television and electromedical

equipment.

Another

division produces numerical and process

control

systems

for

the needs

of

industry. In 1968 Nordarmatur was ac-

quired

---

a company

which

is a leading manufacturer

of

valves.

This

company

is

now

merged with Saab-Scania

as

the Nordarmatur

Group. The products

of

this

group

cover a wide range, from needle valves

for

pressure gauges

to

armatures.

THIS

IS

SAAB-

SCANIA

OF AMERICA

Saab-Scania

of

America, Inc.,

is

a

wholly

owned subsidiary

of

Saab-Scania

AB

of

Sweden. Organized in the 50's, Saab-Scania of

America has been the

importer

and

distributor

of

Saab cars in the United States since 1956, when the first Saab came into the Uni

ted

States. Saab Scania

of

America is selling its products through some 400 dealers nationally. The

company

is headquartered in Orange,

Connecticut, but also operates regional offices and parts depots in several strategic locations

throughout

the United States, includi

ng

Torrance,California; Jacksonville, Florida; Schiller Park, Illinois; and

Arlington,

Texas.

3

4

General Warranty

1974 WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

• Disclaimer of Implied Warranties

• Basic Warranty

• Examplesof What

Is

Not

Covered UnderThisWarranty

• What

Is

theOwner's Responsibility?

• When is this Warranty Null and Void?

• Warranty Information

• Emission Warranty/Maintenance

Services and Record Retention

IMPORTANTNOTICETOOWNER, PLEASE READ

DISCLAIMER OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES

THIS WARRANTY IS THE ONLY WARRANTY

APPLICABLE TO YOUR 1974 SAAB AUTOMOBILE

(except

for

the Emission System Warranty) AND IS

EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ANY WARRANTIES OTHER-

WISE IMPLIED BY LAW, INCLUDING

BUT

NOT

LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MER-

CHANTABILITY AND THE IMPLIED WARRANTY

OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SAAB-

SCAN

lA, AB., Saab-Scanla

of

America, Inc. AND

FRANCHISED SAAB DEALERS, DO NOT, INDIVI-

DUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY, ASSUME

OR

AUTH-

ORIZE ANYONE TO ASSUME FOR ANY

OR

ALL

OF

THEM ANY OBLIGATION OR RESPONSIBILITY TO

EITHER THE PURCHASER OF A SAAB AUTO-

MOBILE OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON WITH RE-

SPECT TO THE CONDITION OF SUCH AUTO-

MOBILE OTHER THAN AS EXPRESSLY ASSUMED

IN THIS WARRANTY.

BASIC WARRANTY

Your 1974 Saab Automobile, manufactured

by

SAAB-

SCANIA AB,

of

Sweden, and accessories supplied

by

Saab-Scania

of

America, Inc., and installed

upon

it

in

the process

of

delivery, are warranted by Saab-Scania

of

America, Inc., to be free from defects in material and

workmanship (except tires which are separately war-

ranted by their manufacturers)

for

a period

of

twelve

(12)

months, unlimited mileage, from the earlier

of

either

(1)

the date

of

the original retail delivery

or

(2)

the

date

of

the original use by Saab-Scania

of

America,

In

c.

Your franchised Saab dealer will repair

or

replace

defective parts at

no

charge

for

parts and labor, provided,

however, that it is notified of the defect within

the

above

stated warranty period. THIS REMEDY IS

THE

SOLE

AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AVAILABLE UNDER

THIS WARRANTY AND

ALL

OTHER REMEDIES

ARE HEREBY SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED. FURTHER-

MORE, NEITHER SAAB-SCANIA AB, Saab-Scania

of

America, Inc., NOR ANY FRANCHISED SAAB DEAL-

ER

SHALL

BE

RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY CONSE-

QUENTIAL

OR

INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESUL

T-

ING FROM A DEFECT WITHIN THE APPLICABLE

PROVISIONSOF TH

IS

WARRANTY.

EXAMPLES OFWHATIS NOTCOVERED UNDER

THIS WARRANTY

1.

Maintenance items in the owner's manual,

including

fluids and lubricants; normal wear items,

including

clutch linings and brake pads, wiper blades,

light

bulbs, fuses, and drive belts.

2.

Adjustments, including adjustment

of

the clutch,

the brakes, transmission controls

or

bands, wheel

balance

or

front

end alignment.

3.

Seasonal loss

of

air

conditioning refrigerant.

4.

Tire defects. (Tires are covered

by

a separate

war-

ranty

by

their manufacturers.)

5.

Deterioration

of

paint

or

bright

work

on the car due

to atmospheric causes

or

other causes

not

directly

attributabletoamanufacturing defect.

6.

Loss of use

of

the vehicle, loss

of

time, inconvenience,

towing, rentals, lodging, commercial loss,

or

any

otherconsequential

or

incidental damage.

WHAT

IS

THE

OWNER'S

RESPONSIBILITY?

It

is

your

responsibility when requesting warranty

service to present this

booklet

to

your

Saab dealer since

this booklet, along with

your

receipts

for

maintenance

services, contains information that the dealer must have

to

perform warranty service. You are also responsible

for

delivering

your

Saab

to

the dealership

for

repairs

during

its normal business hours.

When

is

This Warranty Null and Void

This warranty shall be null and void

if

the automobile

is

subjected to misuse, negligence

or

accident, used in

competition

of

any kind,

or

repaired

or

altered outside

of

a franchised Saab dealer so as, in the

judgment

of

Saab-

Scania

of

America, Inc.,

to

affect its stability

or

reliability.

This warranty shall also be null and void (particularly

in regard to the engine and transmission)

if

the service

recommendations contained in this Owner's Manual are

not

complied with and evidence of such compliance is

not

furnished toSaab-Scania

of

America, Inc.

This warranty shall also

be

null and void in regard

to

any automobile purchased in the United States but regis-

tered

or

normallyoperated in anothercountry.

Warranty Information

This Warranty

is

provided with this vehicle in order

to

insure your satisfaction

with

your

Saab automobile. Your

selling dealer has the primary responsibility for performing

the service and warranty work on

your

car and values

you

as

a customer. You should contact him

promptly

if

there are any service

or

warranty questions

or

if

the

need

for warranty work arises. Occasionally,

your

dealer will

have to contact

Saab-Scania

of

America, Inc.

for

prior

approval to perform warranty work. This

is

necessary

either to allow

Saab-Scania

of

America, Inc. to

fully

evaluate and investigate the repair

to

insure accurate

technical development

of

our

product

or

to verify that

such work

is

within thecoverage oftheWarranty.

Emission System Warranty

Saab-Scania

of

Ameri

ca,

Inc. warrants to the ultimate

purchaser and each subsequent purchaser

of

this vehicle

that it

(1)

has been designed, built and equipped so as

to conform

at

the time

of

sale with those emission control

Regulations issued by the Environmental Protection

Agency under authority of Sec. 1857f-1

of

Title 42

of

the

U.S. Code (Sec.

202

of

the Clean Air Act,

as

amended)

applicable to the vehicle

at

the time

of

its manufacture,

and

(2)

is

free from defects in materials and

workman-

ship which would cause it

to

fail

to

conform

to

such

appli-

cable Regulations for a period

of

5 years

or

50,000 miles,

whichever comes first. If the vehicle is maintained and

operated in accordance with the emission system main-

tenance instructions in the Owner's Manual, and it fails

to

conform

at

any time during the warranty period to the

applicable Regulations, and such

nonconformity

results

in the ultimate purchaser (or any subsequent purchaser)

having to bear any penalty

or

other sanction

(including

the denial of the right to use such vehicle) under State

or

Federal law, then Saab-Scania shall remedy such non-

conformity

under this warranty with the cost thereof

borne by Saab-Scania. 5

Provided, however, that failures (other than those re-

sulting from defects in materials and workmanship)

in-

cluding but not limited to those which arise

as

a result

of

(1)

abuse,

(2

) use

of

the vehicle

for

a purpose

for

which it

was not intended or designed, and

(3)

failure to properly

maintain and use the vehicle in accordance with the re-

quired emission system Maintenance Instructions pro-

vided by Saab-Scania in the Owner's Manual, are not

covered by this Warranty.

If any part

of

the emission system is determined to be de-

fective by a Ruling

of

the Environmental Protection

Agency, this warranty shall

be

performed

for

the ultimate

purchaser (or any subsequent purchaser) by the original

selling dealer's replacing, adjusting or otherwise repair-

ing, following delivery of the vehicle to his place

of

busi-

ness, any part which the Agency has so determined to

be

defective. No charge

for

parts

or

labor shall

be

made

for

such replacement, adjustment

or

repair and Saab parts

shall

be

used. Provided, however, that

if

the purchaser

is traveling, has moved a long distance from the selling

dealer,

or

needs emergency repairs, any authorized Saab

dealer shall perform such required work.

Neither Saab-Scania of America, Inc.

nor

any

of

its

dealers assumes any responsibility under this Warranty

for

loss

of

use

of

the vehicle, loss

of

time, inconvenience,

commercial loss

or

consequential damages.

THIS WARRANTY

IS

EXPRESSLY

IN

LIEU OF ALL

OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHATEVER,

EXPRESS

OR

IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED

WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, OF FITNESS

FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,

or

any

guarantee,

agreement,

or

representation by any person with respect

to the emissions system or any part thereof.

The remedies provided herein are the sole and exclusive

6 remedies available under this Warranty and all other

remedies of any kind whatever are hereby specifically

excluded.

Maintenance Services and Record Retention

Section 1857f-a

of

Title

42

of the U.S. Code (Sec. 207

of

the Clean Air Act,

as

amended) provides that

an

auto-

mobile manufacturer's obligation to remedy

non-conformi-

ties under its emission system warranty

is

conditioned

upon maintenance

of

the vehicle in accordance with

writ-

ten emission system maintenance instructions issued

by

such manufacturer. Accordingly, any claim

for

replace-

ment, adjustment

or

repair under this warranty,

other

than a claim which arises

as

a result

of

a defect

in

material

or workmanship, must

be

accompanied by

proof

that the

required maintenance was performed at the times

or

mileage recommended in the instructions in

the

Owner's

Manual.

The maintenance record form provided in

the

Owner's

Manual

is

for

your

convenience in meeting this require-

ment. All services which are performed should be recorded,

and you should retain receipts

for

such services and

for

parts purchased. It

is

also very important

to

keep records

of any non-scheduled emission system maintenance ser-

vices.

Your authorized Saab Dealer has the equipment and

technicians needed to perform the required maintenance

services. •

TA.:K:ING

DELI-VER-Y

When you arrive

to

take delivery

of

your

new Saab,

someone from either the dealership's sales

or

service

department will

be

responsible

for

seeing that you have

time to carefully read and sign the

Saab-Scania

of

Amer-

ica "Sales & Service Delivery Record." This is an i

mpor-

tant document,so be

sur

e

of

the following:

1. The chassis number (vehicle identification number)

on the form matches the

number

on the car and on the

inside

front

cover

of

this Manual.

2. The date delivered is correct and matches the date

on the inside

front

cover

of

this Manual

as

this is the

date

your

Warranty begins.

3. Your name and address are complete and correct.

PRE-DELIVERY PROCEDURES

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4. You have read through the list

of

applicable pre-

delivery checks that

your

selling dealer is responsible

formaking beforedeliveringthe

carto

you.

5. The pre-delivery technician and manager have signed

the form and completed everything required

of

them

on the form.

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6. You are completely satisfied that the dealer has ful-

fill

ed

all his obligations and that you can

signify

such

by signing the form.

At this time, you are

to

receive the "customer

(see copy at right)

of

the Pre-delivery Procedures.

this copy with

your

other

Saab records.

copy

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CUS

TOMER

co

py

DETA

CH

PRE

DE

LIVERY

PROCEDURES

PORTION

ONLY

I

7

8

STARTING

AND

DRIVING

BREAK IN

Every new car has a recommended break-in period

during which the

owner

is

advised

to

drive

with

restraint.

Pistons, cylinder walls and bearings need

to

be

in

opera-

tion

for

some time

to

produce smooth and hard-wearing

contact surfaces. Placing too much strain on a new engine

interferes with this gradual

bedding-down

process, shor-

tening the life

of

the

car

and especially the engine.

DRIVING ECONOMY

For maximum economy

of

both fuel and wear, the Saab

99,

like any other car, needs

to

be driven with care. Avoid

violent acceleration and high engine speeds, especially

in the

low

gears.

Driving in congested areas, starting

to

drive

with

a cold

engine, studded tires, and driving

with

roof

rack

or

trailer,

all

contribute

to

higher

fuel consumption.

STARTING

THE

ENGINE

SEAT BELT/IGNITION INTERLOCK SYSTEM

This vehicle

is

equipped with a seat

belt/ignition

inter-

lock

system

as

required by Federal

Motor

Vehicle Safety

Standard

Number

208 -

Occupant

Crash Protection. The

purpose

of

this standard is to reduce the

number

and

severity

of

traffic accident injuries

through

increased

usage

of

seat belt systems.

In

order

to start the engine the

following

starting

sequence must

be

observed:

1.

Thedrivershould take his seat in the vehicle.

2.

After

the driver is seated he must

properly

fasten

hisseat belt (see Seat Belts, on page26).

3. Any seated front passenger must also

properly

fasten

his seat belt.

4. The engine can

now

be started.

Do

not

place heavy objects on the passenger seat as

they will make it impossible to start the engine. Failure

to

follow

the proper starting sequence will sound a buzzer

and light a red warning lamp on the instrument panel

dis-

playing

th~

words FASTEN BELTS when the

ignition

key

is

turned to the start position.

Once the engine has been started, a front passenger

entering the vehicle,

or

the driver

or

front

passenger

removing their belts, will activate the warning buzzer

and

light

if the handbrake

is

released (manual transmission)

or

the gear shift lever is

not

in the 'P' position (automatic

transmission). This will

not

cause the

engine

to stop.

Once in the vehicle the

dr

iver

or

front passenger

may

adjust his position in the seat wi

thout

affecting the start-

ing sequence

or

causing the engine

to

stop

.

An alternate starting procedure is available in

the

event the engine cannot

be

started ei

ther

due

to

a system

malfunction

or

a situation where the

proper

starting se-

quence cannot be followed. Both front seats

must

be

un-

occupied. The

ignition

switch should then be

turned

from the garage position ('G') to the start

positi

on ('S')

whi

le

reaching over the seat. If the vehicle

still

will

not

start it will

be

necessary to

contact

your

nearest Saab

dealer to have the seat belt/interlock system serviced.

STARTING PROCEDURE

Once the seat belts have been

properly

fastened,

pro-

ceed

as

follows:

1. Apply handbrake and put the gear lever in neutral

(manual transmission)

or

P

or

N (automatic trans-

mission). NOTE: Cars with automatic transmission

can

only

be started in P

or

N.

2. Depress the

clutch

pedal (manual transmission).

3.

Turn the key to start

(S),

letting it

spring

back to

drive

(K)

when the engine fires. Do

not

touch

the

accelerator pedal. If the engine

is

warm and the

out-

door

temperature is high, however, a

slight

depres-

sion

of

the accelerator pedal will assist starting.

The electronic fuel injection performs the

function

of

a choke so no special procedures are needed in

this regard.

GENERAL

Do

not

run the starter f

or

more than

20

-

25

seconds

at

a

stretch; wait 20-30 seconds to let the battery recover

before attempting

to

start again. Make sure that all

other

current-consuming

equipment is switched

oH

during

the

starting maneuver.

Do

not

race the engine

or

make it

work

too

hard while

it is still cold; and on no account do so while the oil pres-

sure warning

light

is

stili lit. Avoid warming the engine

by

idling at a standstill; start driving

as

soon

as

the oil pres-

sure warning

light

goes

out

to

get the engine up to its

pro-

perworking temperature

as

quickly

as

possible.

GEAR CHANGING

Manual Transmission

When shifting gears, release the

clutch

pedal

smoothly

and carefully. There are

only

two

proper

clutch

positions

for

dr

iving; either

out

(pedal

fully

depressed)

or

in (pedal

released). It is· a bad habit

to

drive with a

slipping

clutch

or

with the foot resting on the

clutch

pedal,

as

this

causes

heavy wear on the

clut

ch assembly. When

the

car

is

standing still with the engine

running

, the gear lever should

be in neutral and the clutch pedal released.

In

all

shifts

,

move the lever

gently

but

firmly

and

with

a slight, barely

perceptible,pause in neutral.

Automatic Transmission

The

follow

ing basic rules

for

operation

of

the

automatic

transmission should be kept in

mind

:

1. Always press on the footbrake

or

have the handbrake

on when shifting the selector lever

if

the

car

is at a

standstill with the engine idling. Otherwise the

car

will start to creep forward when a driving gear is

selected,

as

the

torque

converter does

not

disengage

the transmission completely.

2.

The engine should be at

idling

speed if you

shift

the

selector lever while the car

is

at a standstill. If you

race the engine while shifting the lever, this is liable

to cause abnormal wearon the transmission mechanism.

For the same reason you

should

not

shift

to

R

or

P

while the car

is

in moHon.

Selecting gears

There are six

shift

lever positions marked on the shift

quadrant. Starting from the

upper

position,

they

are

PRND21

.

D. The D (Drive) position

is

for

normal forward driving.

Whichever of the three forward gears best matches the

speed and load on the engine

is

automatically engaged.

2.

Position 2 gives automatic

shift

between first and

second gears but

top

gear

cannot

be engaged. If the lever 9

10

is

moved from D

to

2 this gives

an

immediate

downshift

for

more engine braking power. Position 2 must

not

be

selected at road speeds above

55

miles per

hour

(90km/h).

1.

Position 1

is

used to obtain maximum engine braking

power on steep downgrades. Road speed must be reduced

to

below about 12 mph (20 km) before 1st gear is selected.

This position should also be used for uphill driving on

very steep hills

to

avoid overheating the transmission oil.

Second and

top

gears cannot be engaged when the lever

is

at

1.

N.

In position N (Neutral) no gear is engaged. The

starter

contact

is operative in this position. The hand-

brake should be applied when the selector lever

is

in pos-

ition N

to

prevent the car from moving

if

it is standing on

a slope.

R.

Position R (Reverse) must not be selected unless the

car

is

stationary.

P.

Position P (Park)

is

selected when the car is parked,

and the lever must

be

in this position before the ignition

key can

be

turned to L (Locked) and withdrawn. The

selector lever

is

then locked and

the

transmission is

im-

mobilized. Do not select position P when the car is in

motion.

Moving

Off

1.

Shift the selector lever to the desired position (nor-

mally D for forward driving).

2.

Release the brake and accelerate.

Kick-down

To obtain maximum acceleration

it

is

possible to effect

an

instant downshift at speeds below

50

-

55

mph (80-

85

km/

h)

by pushing the accelerator pedal down hard

to

the

kick-down position. Upshift to the next

higher

gear is

automatic

as

soon

as

the engine reaches maximum R.P.M.

for

the gearengaged

or

when the pedal

is

eased up.

WINTER & SLIPPERY ROAD DRIVING TECHNIQUE

To

be

able to drive a Saab in a safe way requires

not

only theoretical knowledge

but

also practice.

On

slip-

pery roads any car

is

much more apt

to

skid than

at

other

times.

The most important thing is

to

avoid a skid. Nonethe-

less, winter weather can bring unavoidable slipperiness.

Temperatures around the freezing point are

the

most

dangerous, but even lower temperatures can

be

deceiving,

since under snow can lie a dangerous layer

of

polished ice.

In other words, it

is

important

for

you to get to

know

how

a slippery surface can affect a car's handling

and

how

to

react

as

a driver to new situations

as

they arise.

ASKID

To get into a skid can

only

mean that the

driver

has

made a mistake. There are a few main reasons

why

a skid

starts. They all have this in common - a faulty maneuver

or misjudgment on the part

of

the driver.

Panic braking by pushing

too

hard on

the

brake pedal

will often put the car into a skid. The wheels

lock

and

the

car may turn broadside. Caution, good

common

sense

and judgement should be used while driving

on

slippery

roads.

Excessive

or

violent movement

of

the steering wheel

can also result in a skid. Depending on the

amount

of

traction on the front wheels, the result can be a rear end

skid, a front end skid,

or

both.

Steering Characteristics

In order

to

obtain the maximum traction

on

slippery

roads and steep hills and to increase stability, all Saab

automobiles have

front

wheel drive. This places

the

weight

of

the engine and transmission over the

front

wheels. Consequently, with the car unladen, 60%

of

the

weight is on the

front

wheels and 40% on the rear wheels.

This weight

distribution

results in a

slight

tendency

for

the automobile when under

power

to understeer, i.e.,

for

the

front

wheels

to

begin sliding before the rear wheels.

However, should the rear wheels skid

as

a result

of

ex-

cessive

or

violent steering wheel movement, this understeer

makes it easy to check the skid and return the vehicle

to

its correct direction.

Light Feet & Hands

All speed changes must be made carefully

during

slip-

pery conditions. A heavy

foot

on the throttle can be

just

as

risky

as

too

heavy a

foot

on the brake pedal. In

slip-

pery conditions all pedal and steering movements must be

made especially smooth and with more than the usual

care. Try to keep maximum friction between the tires

and the road surface.

Driving Position

It is important

to

sit

not

just comfortably,

but

als6 se-

curely, behind the steering wheel so that when cornering

you do not have to hang onto the wheel for support. With

the range

of

seat adjustment in Saabs it is

normally

pos-

sible to get into a good position. Placing

your

hands at

the "

10

o'clock" and "2 o'clock" positions on the steering

wheel should allow large wheel movements wi

thout

changing

your

grip

on

the wheel. Of course, the seat

belt - shoulder harness should be worn, and it should fit

firmly

across the body so that you need not hang

onto

the steering wheel

during

cornering. Hands must be free

for the important business

of

steering. Secure restrai

nt

s

also free

your

feet from having

to

hold

your

body

in the

seat

during

braking. Check also that all important

con-

trols can

be

reached with the belt on -even the handbrake.

Rear End Skid

But what

if

the car is in fact

skidding

-

what

then?

A natural reaction is to

put

a foot

quickly

on

the

brake

pedal. Avoid it, instead use just enough

throttle

so that

the

front

wheels are neither accelerating

or

decelerating

the car and at the same time steer in the same direction

as

the rear end is sliding. If the rear end swings

to

the

right, steer to the right;

if

the rear end swings

to

the left,

steer to the left. This should

br

ing the rear wheels back

into line with the front. Gently, the car can

now

be steer-

ed and accelerated in the correct direction.

The

essen-

tial

point

is

to

first cure the skid before renewing the

attempt to get the car through the curve. Do not swing the

steering wheel too hard

or

another skid will result.

A rear wheel skid will tend to result

in

the car spiraling

inward on a curve.

Front End Skidding

This condition can

be

more di

fficult

to

correct

as

the

car

is

not

now

obeying the steering wheel and

tending

to

slide outwards on a curve.

To

correct this

the

driver

must avoid the natural reaction

of

turning even

more

inward

as

this will simply increase the skidding. It

is

necessary

to

release the clutch

or

ease up on the throttle so that the

front wheels devote all their traction toward recovering

their sideward

grip

on the road. At the same time,

try

to

momentarily turn the wheels in the direction

of

the skid.

In this way a new

gr

ip on the road can

be

found. At this

point the

front

wheels can once more

be

turned in the

dir-

ection

of

the curve. Again, the essential

point

is

to

first

cure the skid before renewing the attempt to

get

the car

through the curve.

To cure a skid can sound quite simple -- but can be very

diff

icult in practice. The best way is

to

avoid situations

which can cause ski

dding

. Be governed

by

common

sense

and should a skid

occur

-remain calm and

follow

the

guidelinesgiven in this manual. 11

12

Braki

ng

When braking the car

under

slippery

conditions,

use the

foot

brake rather than the braking effect

of

the engine.

A

lot

is lost by using the engine

as

a brake. The first is

time

and the second is

stability

. As

only

the front wheels

are being braked, steering becomes more

difficult

to

con-

trol.

Brakes

must

be absolutely reliable.

They

must

under

no

circumstances

show

the

tendency

to pull

or

grab. At

the slightest sign

of

any

trouble

in the braking system,

have it adjusted

or

repaired

right

away. Locked wheels

immediately result in loss

of

traction, both forward and

sideward. If wheel lock occurs,

quickly

release the brakes,

momentarily

allowing the wheels to regain the road speed,

and then reapply the brakes as

gently

as

possible.

Under extreme

conditions

, a deluge

of

water

or

snow

can

temporarily

reduce the efficiency

of

the brakes.

In such conditions, gently tapping the brake pedal will

provide heat from

friction

and

dry

the braking surfaces.

The handbrake -

or

emergency brake -should also

function freely; therefore use the handbrake as often as

possible to keep it from sticking and

be

sure that it really

works.

Winter D

ri

ve

r Equipment

To

be

able to drive safely it

is

necessary to secure maxi-

mum possible road grip. This means having tires

suit-

ab~e

for

winter

driving. Today's studded tires are a

signif-

icant

contribution

to increased protection against loss

of

traction and skids. Check with

your

local

Motor

Vehicle

Bureau. Some states

forbid

the use

of

studded tires.

The windshield wipers are often needed in

winter

driving when preceding and

oncoming

traffic

throw

up

mud

or

snow over the windshield, especially when the

outside temperature is around the freezing pOint. It is

important that wiper blades

not

be

worn out. A

work-

ing windshield washer

is

absolutely essential.

Some

form

of

anti-freeze additive

is

needed

for

the washer to

work

during cold periods. Before driving, test the washer

by

spraying a few times.

Also affecting the driver's visibility

is

an

adequate

heating and ventilation system. Windows

should

not

be

allowed to steam up

or

become frosty. A

properly

opera-

ting defroster will

blow

a

strong

stream

of

air over

the

whole length

of

the windshield. Rear

windows

should

also remain defrosted.

Check the

lighting

system and see if it

functions

pro-

perly. It

is

vital to have the best possible

lighting

when

driving on dark winter roads.

At

the same time take the

t!me to check reflectors and the instrument panel warning

lights. Check that both the

low

and

high

beam

headlights

are

correctly

adjusted.

according

to local state laws.

Low beams can often provide better

lighting

in

fog, rain,

or

snow than the high beams.

Before venturing

out

on

winter

roads you

must

be

able

to trust

your

car.

Be

sure that it has been gone over

thor-

oughly

and

is

well equipped.

Starling Off

When starting

off

on a slippery road

or

in

snow

use the

throttle and clutch pedals gently and carefully.

Too

much

throttle and a jerked

clutch

quickly

cause wheel-spin. If

the car is slipping too

much

to

move forward,

try

backing

up a little.

Try

rolling backwards and

forwards

to

get

away from the slippery patch. If

caught

in a rut

or

unable

to move forward

or

backward, try

turning

the

front

wheels

to a right angle with the rut and driving over

the

edge.

Thecar carpets can

be

used

as

skid mats in an

emergency

.

The

following

items are worth carrying

in

the

trunk

:

snow shovel, towrope, sandbags, ice scraper, and warning

flares.

DRIVING WITH A TRAILER

A special

towing

attachment

is

available as an optional

accessory

for

the Saab 99. Bolt holes are already provided

to

facilitate

mounting

of

the attachment.

A car with automatic transmission must be fitted

with

an oil cooler before it can

be

used to

tow

a trailer. A

suit-

able cooler is available

as

an

accessory

for

the Saab

99

automatic. Ask

your

Saab dealer

for

detai

Is.

It

is

inadvisable

for

several reasons to hook

an

excessively

heavy trailer to a car, and the

following

points should

therefore be borne in

mind

:

1. Legal restrictions on

towing

speed, trailer weight

and trailer braking equipment in the state concerned

must

of

course be complied with.

2. The weight

limit

of

trailer should be

approx

. 1,000

Ibs.,wi

thout

brakes and 2,000 Ibs., with brakes.

3. If the car has

an

automatic transmission, position

1

sh

ould be selected

for

towing on steep gradients, in

order

to

best utilize the braking capacity

of

the engine. The

same applies

for

down

gradients so

as

to

obtain

maximum

engine braking effect.

4. When towing a trailer, avoid gradients

of

15%

or

mo

re

,

as

in such

conditions

the weight on the

front

driving

wheels

is

so

low

that they may lose traction and stop the

car. For the same reason, the handbrake effect may be

so reduced that the car and trailer cannot be held station-

ary

on

very steep uphill grades by the handbrake alone

without the wheels starting to slide. When driving

with

a

trailer on very long hills, you can help the engine keep

cool by

turning

on the fresh

air

heater

for

a

time

and run-

ning the ventilator fan at full speed.

5. The load

distribution

in

the trailer is most important.

In

a two-wheeled trailer the load should be placed low

down and concentrated

as

far as possible over the wheels.

The trailer, should be loaded in such a way

that

5 - 7%

of the weight

of

the trailer should be on the trailer hitch.

The maximum load carried in the car's

trunk

must

be

reduced by the same amount.

6. When

driv

ing with a trailer, always make allowance

for the altered handling characteristics and

longer

stop-

ping distance. The brakes, suspension, and

shock-absorb-

ing equipment and li

ghting

system

of

the trailer are very

important in

towing

a trailer safely. •

13

14

CONT:ROLS

.A.NDFE.A.T1:.7:RES

1.

Fresh air vents

2. Combined direction

indicator

lever, headlight

dimmer

and headlight flasher switch

3. Horn control

4. Combination instrument

5.

Zero button

for

trip

meter

6.

Speedometer

7.

Clock

adjustment button

8.

Clock

9.

Windshield wiper and washer control

10.

Defroster

contro

l

for

windshield and

front

side

windows

11. Temperature control

12

Ventilation control

for

front

seat

floor

13

. Headlight and parking

light

switch

I

13 14 15

16

17 18

1

19

14

. Spare switch

forcarswith

fuel injected

engines

or

chokewith warning

light

for

cars

with carburetoredengines.

15

Rheostat

for

instrument and control

illumination

16

Hazard warning signal switch

17

. Cigarette lighter

18

. Ventilator fan switch

19

. Fasten seat

beltlight

20

Gear (selector) lever

21

. Interior lighting switch

22

Handbrake lever

23

. Ignition and gear (selector) lever lock

24

. Ventilation control

for

rear seat

floor

25

. Defroster control

for

rear

window

IGNITION AND

GEAR (SELECTOR) LEVER LOCK

The ignition and gear lock key also fits all

other

locks

in the car. The key number is stamped

to

the plastic

lug at the key grip. Detach and keep the lug so that the

serial number is available

if

the key should be lost. Make

certain that the serial

number

is properly registered on

pageone

of

this Manual in the space provided.

Manual transmission

The ignition and gear lever lock has

four

positions:

L.

When the key is in the L position and reverse

is

en-

gaged, the gear lever is locked and the key can be re-

moved. Parking lights and flashing hazard warning

lights can

be

switched on.

G. Garage position. All lights can be used.

K.

Driving position. The entire electrical system, in-

cluding ignition,

is

operative.

S.

Starting position. The key

is

spring loaded so that it

will return to the K position.

NOTE! To ensure that the car isn't left unlocked, there

will be a buzzer activated

if

the

door

is opened with the

key leftin the ignition lock.

Automatic transmission

The ignition and gear selector lock has

four

positions:

L-G-K

- S

L.

When the key

is

in the L position and the gear selector

is

in

the P position, the selector

is

locked and the key can

be removed. Parking lights and flashing hazard warning

lights can be switched on.

G. Garage position. All lights can be used.

K.

Driving position. The entire electrical system in-

cluding ignition,

is

operative.

S.

Starting position. The key is spring loaded so that it

will return to the K position. The starter

motor

can

only

be operated if the selector lever

is

in the N

or

P positions.

NOTE! To ensure that the car isn't left unlocked, there

will be a buzzer activated if the

door

is opened

with

the key

left in the ignition lock.

15

16

INSTRUMENT

S

Combination instrument

TANK

-Fuel gauge

TEMP =Coolant

thermometer

~

Brake

indicator

and warning light. This

light

glows

red when the handbrake is on

or

to indicate exces-

sive brake pedal stroke. If the

light

operates because

pedal travel

is

excessive, this may indicate leakage in one

of

the

two

brake line

circuits

(brake pad

wear

is indicated

by increased pedal resistance). The reason should be

in-

vestigated immediately and any necessary repairs carried

out

by

an

authorized Saab dealer.

~

Direction

indicator

light. A green flashing

light appears in time with the

direction

indicator

lamps.

;0

High beam warning light. A blue

light

is

shown when the headlights are on

high

beam.

Combination Instrument Speedometer and odometer

~

Charge

indicator

light. If the

light

glows

yellow,

the alternator

is

not

charging.

Fuel warning light. Shows a steady red

glow

when there are less than 2 US gallons (8 liters) left in

the tank.

.£)

O·

,

II

pressure warning light. Glows red to

indi-

cate dangerously

low

oil pressure

or

oil level. When

starting, never move

off

unt

il this

li

ght

has

gone

out.

If

it lights up while you are driving, switch

off

the

engine

at once and investigate the cause.

Speedometer and odometer. The zeroing

button

for

the

trip

meter

is

on the left

of

the speedometer.

Clock. The setting button is located

to

the

left

of

the

clock.

Tachometer. The Saab 99 EMS is equipped wi

th

a

tacho-

meter.

~

....

10

-9

,,8

7 6

/ I

Clock

/

1

5

\

2"

3-

4

....

Tachometerand clock

(Saab

99

EMS

only)

LIGHTING AND ILLUMINATION SWITCHES

Headlights and parking lights

The tangent switch has three positions:

Top

pushed

in -off. Intermediate position -parking lights on,

ir-

respective

of

the position

of

the

ignition

key. Bottom

pushed in -headlights on if the

ignition

key is in the G

or

K positions.

NOTE! The headlights are automatically extinguished

if

the

ignition

key is turned to the L position.

The

park-

ing lights can be operated, however,

if

the switch is moved

to

the intermediate position.

Headlight dimmer, high beam flasher and direction

in-

dicator

control

The lever

is

moved towards the steering wheel when

switching from high beam to

low

beam. The same action

provides a warning high beam flash when the headlights

are switched off. The direction

indicator

lights are opera-

ted by moving lever in the direction in which the steering

wheel

is

turned.

Rheostat

for

instrument and

control

illumination

Turn the knob

down

to increase the intensity

of

the

illumination. When the knob

is

in its upper position the

light

is

off. This illumination can

only

be switched on when

the

parking

lights

or

the headlights are in operation.

Hazard warning

When the tangent switch

is

in the operating position

all

four

direction

indicator

lights flash Simultaneously.

The warning system should

only

be used

if

the car is in

a position where it is liable to endanger

or

obstruct

other

vehicles

as

a result

of

an

accident, breakdown, etc.

The

interior

illumination comprises three lights located:

(1)

above the left

door

post,

(2)

close

to

the rear-view

mirror

and

(3)

beside the ignition switch.

This

illumination

is

operated by the switch on the

door

post lamp.

The

switch

has three positions (see illustration). The

interior

illum-

ination may also be operated by means

of

a

switch

on

the

console between the front seats (see illustration). This

switch can

only

be operated when the

door

post lamp

switch is in the upper position (1): NOTE! Be certain

that the interior lights are switched

off

when parking the

ca

r.

Combined headlight

dimmer

and flasher Cars

with

manual

switch and direction indicatorlever transmi

ss

ion:

1. High and

low

beam, headlightflasher. sWitch on gear

2.

Left direction indicator.

3.

Right

dlr-

lever console

ection indicator.

Door post lamp Cars with auto-

1.

Interi

or

lights

sW

itched on when one matic transmis-

of the doors is opened.

2.

Interior lights slon switch on

off. 3. Interior lights switched on, irre- selector console

spective

of

whether the

do

o

rs

are open

or

closed 17

18

HEATING

AND VENTILATION CONTROLS

Air circulation in the passenger compartment is achieved

by

the intake

of

fresh air through the heating and ventil-

ation system and

by

extraction through the openings in

the rear corner posts. These openings are connected

to

outletsin the sides

of

the

body

(see illustration).

The intake

of

air

into the

car

is regulated

by

adjust-

ment of controls marked DEFR and VENT on the instru-

ment panel.

The TEMP control which acts on the thermostatically

operated water valve

is

used to regulate the temperature

of the i

ncoming

air. The thermostat compensates

for

variations in air velocity and in water temperature so as

to maintain the incoming air at a constant temperature

corresponding to the control setting. Maximum heat is

obtained

if

the knob

is

turned clockwise to the red stop.

There is no heating effect when the knob is

turned

in the

oppositedirection

to

the white mark.

The knob marked DEFR regulates the

flow

of

air

to

the

windshield and the front side windows. Full

flow

is

ob-

tained when the knob

is

in the horizontal position. The

air flow

is

cut

off

by setting the knob in the vertical posi-

tion.

The knob marked VENTcontrols the supply

of

air

to

the front

floor

area. Here too, the horizontal

and

vertical

positions correspond toopen and shut respectively.

Diagram showing the heating and venti

la

tion system

Saab 99 Guide

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