Sekonic Studio Deluxe L-28 C2 User manual

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sEKOtrrrc

CONTENTS
1. Introducing the Sekonic Studio De|uxe...............
3
1-1. Foreword ..........
3
I-2. Specif
ications
........ ............
3
1-3. Name of Parts .................4
I-4. lntroducing the Accessories _-.........................6
2. SpecialFeatures of the Sekonic Studio Deluxe... g
2-L. lncident Light Measure .....
B
2-2. Lumisphere ........... ............
g
2-3. Measuring
lllumination .....
B
2-4. Direct-Reading
Method .....
g
2-5. Intermediate
Values ............9
3. How to Operate the Meter ........... ......11
3
-
1. Forewo
rd ..........
11
3-2. Preparations .......11
3-3. Taking the Picture ............11
3-4. Reading
the Meter ..............13
3-5. Exposure
Magnification
and Reduction
Indexes.....16
3-6. E.V.
S. Numbers ..................I7
3-7. Motion Pictures ..................L7
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4. Correct Exposures
under Special
Conditions
......19
4-I. Portraits ......19
4-2. "Short-distance"
Landscapes... .........2O
4-3. Distant
Landscapes ......2I
4-4. Snow Scenes... .........22
4-5. Sideand Back-lighted
Scenes... ........23
4-6. ShilhouttedScenes .........24
4-7. DirectReading
Method ......... ..................25
5. Special Lighting
Conditions .........27
5-1. Forewo
rd .........27
5-2. LightingContrastControl (
lndoors). ......28
5-3. OutdoorContrast
Control .........29
5-4. Reflected
Light Reading .........31
5-5. ModernLightingControl .........36
5-6. Close-ups .........38
5-7. Sunlight-Flash
Photography .........4L
6. TakingCare of Your Sekonic
StudioDeluxe......46
6-1. Zero Setting...... ......46
6-2. SlideSlot ...............46
6-3. Other
Precautions...... ...............46
6-4. Service .,,.....47
1. Introducing
the Sekonic
Studio
DeluxeL-28c2
Dual PurposeExposure
Meter
1-1. Foreword
Foryears Sekonic
has marketed
the Sekonic
Studio S,
which has beenwidely
accepted
throughout the world
by commercial
and
amateur
photographers,
artists,
and
movie cameramen. The Sekonic
Studio Deluxe
is a
new improved
modelof the Sekonic
Studio ,,S". lt is
easyto use and designed
to give the most accurate
exposure
readings
basedon incident
light. A variety
of
accessories
make the Sekonic
StudioDeluxe
a profes-
sional
and versatile
instrument
that will meet all your
photorga
phic req
uirements.
L-2. Specifications
MEASU
REME
NT
qI
q
Method
Ra
nge
Accuracy
SCALE
ASA
DIN
Time (Shutter
speed)
Aperture
Cine
EV
scale
Correction
factor
Dimension
Approx.
weight
Incident
& reflected
light
EV4-L7 at ASA100
+O.3
EV Max.
(less
than 1/3
a
perture
sca
le)
8-12,000
LO-42
6A-I/2,O00 sec.
1- 90
8-128 frames
per
second
Lightvalues L
- 20
C:25 K- 1.15
4.2x2.3x
1.2inch
B.Boz.
3 :; .s,Ldii,l6:t#st*, ;J&g;.,
j
I
I
l
*i*ffi.

1-3. Name of Parts
Swivel Head
lndicatine
Needle
Mobil
Dial
"H" Pointer
DIN lndexWindcrw
NeedleLock Button
ASA Control
Knob
Shutter
Accessories
Lum
isphere
ident Light Scale
EV lndexWindow
DialScale
"L" Pointer
ASA Index
Window
Cine Scale
Aperture Scale
HIGH
Slide
Set of 9 Direct
Reading
Slides
These are available with the
following ASA indexesz 25, 40,
50, 64, 90, 100, 160, 200 and
400.
Note : Direct Reading Slides
and other accessories for the
Sekonic Studio Deluxe can be
purchased from our local dea.
Iers"
5
Lumisphere
Lumidisk
ero Adjustment
Lumigrid
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L-4. lntroducing the Accessories
Lu
misphere
used only to determine exposure by incident lieht (i.e.,
the light that falls on a subject).
To insta
ll: m
atch the white dots on the photosphere
a
nd socket, insert the Photosphere, a
nd turn it clock-
wise until it stops. Reverse procedure to remove.
Lumidisk
Used to obtain brightness in foot-ca
ndles (or in ,,lux"
if so converted) a
nd to measure a
nd control contrast.
Install
as with Lumisphere.
Lu
nn
igrid
Used to measure the reflected light a
nd relative bright-
ness of a subject. ca n a
lso be used to determ
ine ex-
posure
when an incident light measurement cannot be
taken. Install as with Lumisphere.
o'HlGH"
S[[de
Used
with Lumisphere
or Lumidiskoutdoors
or
in bright
places
whenthe
indicating
needle
movesabove1M (or
16
on)
the Incident
Light
Sca
le. Insertthe H
IGH
Slide
in
the slot
behind
the Lumisphere
or Lumidisk to convert
the Sekonic
Studio
Deluxeto high illumination
measure-
nrent. The Slide
settles
in place with a click.
Di*"ect
Readfrng
S[ldes
U:;ed
when it is more important to obtain one quick,
direct
reading
ratherthan
a varietyof lensopeningand
shutter
speedcombinations.
Nine
types are available
with
various
ASA
and DIN indexes.To use: (1) Select
the appropriate
slide for the particular
film you are
using;
(2) Set
your
camerato the shutter speed indi-
cated
on
your
slide;
(3) Insertthe
slide
into
your
Sekonic
Deluxe
meter
just as you would the HIGH Slide
; (4)
Point
the meterin the proper
direction; (5) Read
the
n
u
mber
on the I
ncident
Light
Sca
le. Th
is
is
your proper
f/stop reading
; (
6) Setyour ca
mera to the
f/stop,
a
nd
you're
readyfor a perfect
picture.
Note: Direct Reading
Sfidesare for use with the
Lumisphere
a
nd Lumidisk.
They
can not be usedwith
the Lumigrid.
t
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2, SpecialFeatures
of the Sekonic
StudioDeluxe
2-1. Incident Light Measure
In the past, conventional
exposuremeters measured
illumination by reflected light. The Sekonic Studio
Deluxe,
developed
and perfected
by the world'sleading
photographers, determines illumination by a more
accurate
method
:-incident light.
The difficulty
with the reflectedlight
methodis
the time
it takes a photographer
to obtain
a successful
exposure.
Every
subject
combinesareas of high and low reflec-
tion, and to obtain a proper
exposure
byreflected
light,
one has to take many differentreadings
andto average
them successfully.
This difficulty is overcome with the Sekonic Studio
Deluxe. lt is designedto measure
subjects
by a stand-
ard reflection
of L8/' and to determineillumination
by
incident
light. This standardreflection
assures
perfect
tonesin black and white photography and establishes
a pointof reference
fromwhich
deviations
can bemade
for special
effects.
2-2. Lumisphere
The
Lumisphere
of theSekonic
StudioDeluxe
determines
exposure
in a revolutionary
way.
Because
a sujectisusually
three-dimensional,
it presents
a contrast of lights and shadows
which traditional
meters
are unable
to measurewithout
errorordifficulty.
The Lumisphere,
however,receivesall incident
light
just
as the subject
receives
it. lt automatically
assigns
to
each
light
sourceits photographic
value
depending
on
its strength
and direction,
and averagesthem into one
correct
camerasetting.
2-3. Measuring
lltumination
(1) The Lumidisk
is used
to measure illumination. lt
can be pointed
directlyat a light
sourceto measure
its intensity.
(2) The top numbers
on the lncident Scaleindicate
foot
candles,
(i.e., the intensity of light on a certain
spot.). For example; if the indicating
needle
points
Io 64, the light intensity
or illumination onthespot
is 64 foot-candles. In oqderto convertfoot
candles
into Lux units
of illumination,
multiplythe number
of foot candles
by 10.76. For example, if the ln-
cident
Scalereads64 (which is 64 foot
candles)the
corresponding
Lux measurement
will be 688.64.
64x10.76:688.64
Whenthe HIGH Slide is used, the Incident Light
Scale
number must be multipliedby 32 to obtain
the Foot-Candle
Number. For example,
if the Inci-
dent Scalereads64, then
64 x32:2,O48 (foot'ca
ndles)
The Studio Deluxe ptays an important role when
lighting in a studio must be recorded
for future
duplication
and when contrast must be controlled.
2-4. Direct.Reading
Method
With the Direct-Reading
Slidesthere is no needto fuss
with the Mobil
dial. The proper
f/stop can be found
directlyfrom the indicating needle. This is a great
advantage
when speedis more important
than obtain.
ing a complete selection of f/stop and shutter speed
combinations.
2,5. Intermediate
Values
(1) The top numberson the Indicating
Scale are foot
candle
numbers
from 4 to 1
M (1000).
The red numbers directly beneath them are for
f/stops. Thevalues
of the unnumbered
divisions
on
both scales
are found in the diagram.
(2) The numberson the Time Scale indicate shutter
speeds.
The
numbersontheAperture
Scaleindicate
f/stops.
Noticethe mark beneath
eachnumber
on the Time
Scale and above each nuntber on the Aperture

Scale. Everyshutterspeedand
f/stopindicatedon
the dial is at the exact
centerof this mark.
The intermediate
values,
(i.e.,
the valueof the un'
n
umbered
divisions) on these scales are shown
below.
Foot-
cand/e
---a-
3" Howto Operate
The lVleter
3-1. Foreword
Read
carefully
sections
3 and
4 to learn how to operate
your
Sekonic
Studio Deruxe. complete famiriariiy
wilr
allow
you to take advantage
of its versatility
and pro-
fessional
accuracy.
3-2" Preparation
(1) Insert Lumisphere
Section
1-4.
(2) Turn ASA (or DtN)
index of the film
window. Every
roll
leaflet
indicating
its
into socket, as explained
in
exposure
index diaI until the
you are using appears
in the
of film has its own instruction
ASA
or DIN exposure
index.
Intermediate
Valuesfor
Scalef
/stops
:
IntermediateValues for
Scale
f/stops
:
Foot-Candles
and red
Shutter Speedsand
Incident
Aperture
3-3. Taking the Picture
(1) Pointthe Lumisphere
from
your
camera,
on a line
with
camera's
lens.
(See
figure
of
the subject towards
the light axis of your
next page.)
/E?
O
Ql I
tii I
a
(s
\e
!2
- 1/.
/400
-Lao
10 11
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(2) f
f the same lightf
allson you
r camera as on the
subject,
the Sekonic Studio
Deluxe
ca
n be held at
the camera
position,
directed
away
from the subject.
(See
figure below.)
Remember
that when lighton the camera
position
differsfrom that on the subject,
(e.g.,
the camera
or subject is shaded by trees or buildings)
your
Studio
Deluxeshouldbe held
only at the subject.
Note 1: when you are taking pictures indoors
under artificial
lighting,
it isnecessary
to place
your
meter close
to the subject,
?s indicated in 3-3-(1),
because
the quantity
of light at the subject and
ca
mera will differ significa
nily.
Note 2 z Since the Lumisphere
is a
n extremery
sensitive
to light,
youm
ust
becaref
ul notto shade
it with your hand when measuring
light. you
should holdthe meter at arm's length,especialry
when wearing
light or briglrtlycolored clothing.
3-4" Reading the Meter
(1) while the Lumisphere
is held facing the camera,
push the Needle
LockButton
which
isat the
center
of the dial. The Indicating
Needle
willswing
and
rest at the certain
pointon the tncident
Light(Foot
Candle)
Scale.
Remove
your finger from the button to lock the
needle. Now you are free to read the foot candle
number
whlch
the needle
has indicated.
L2 13

(2) lf under bright lights the indicating needle moves
past the end of the Incident
Light Scale, use the
HIGH Slide. This switches
the range
of the Sekonic
Studio Deluxe from low to high illumination.
When the HIGH Slide
is used, turn the dial until
the red "H" mark corresponds exactly to the
number (4 to 1 M) indicated by the needle.
When the HIGH Slide is not used, turn the dial
until the white "L" mark correspondsexactlyto the
number (4 to I M) indicated by the needle.
Note : In outdoor photogra
phy it is advisable to
insert
the HIGH Slide
before
taking
measurements.
On the lower half of the dial,and adjacentto each
other, you will find all the combinations of shutter
speeds a
nd f
/stops possible for each exposure.
You may set your camera to any flstop and shutter
speed
whichare directlyopposite
eachotheron
the
meter. For
example,assume you are using the
HIGH
Slideand a filmwith
ASA index 100. The
needle points to 64 on
the Incident Light
Sca
le. Set the red
'rH" mark to 64 on
the Dial Scale.
Look now at the Aper-
ture and Time Scales
below. Correct expo-
sure readings are
71L25 at fB, 1/30 at
f16, and so on.
Incident
Light Scale & Dial Scale
Dial Scale
,,H, mark
"L" mark
(31
Foot Candles
Direct Readingf
/stops
L4 15
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3-5. ExposureMagnification
I
n
dexes
Notice
the symbols
xtl2, x2, and
of the t'H" and "L" marks
on the
and Reduction
x4 on both sides
DiaI Sca
le.
3-6. E.
V.
S. Numbers
E.
V.
S. means
Exposure
Vaiue (light value.) lt is a
number
system
usedoccasionally
to replace
the tradi-
tion
a
I sh
utter speed a
nd
f/stop combinations.
For cameras equippedwith
a
n E.
V.
S. sca
le, use the
E.V.S. numbers found in
the wi
ndow above and
slightly to the left of the
Dial Scale. When the dial
is set as usua
l, the proper
E.
V.
S. number will
appear.
3-7. Motion
Pictures
Measure the light and set the dial as instructed.
Cine speeds ra
nging from 8 to L28 stops (frames-per.
second) are given in the red Cine Sca
le.
Find the cine speed used by your camera and read the
correspond
ing f
/stop on the Aperture Sca
le.
This is the proper f/stop for your camera.
Note : lf the cine speed on your meter fa
lls m
idway
between two f/ stops, set the Aperture Sca
le on your
ca
mera iri the sa
me way.
The red numbers on the cine Scale are equivalent to
the following shutter speeds on your camera :
These
are usedfor magnifyinga
nd reducing
exposure.
xLl2 is for reducing
exposuretime by one-hatf. x2 is
for doubling
the exposure. x4 is
for increasing
it four
times. Withthe H
lG
H Slide
in the meter, set the red
xL12, x2, or x4 to the Dial
Scale,rather than "H".
Without the HIGH
Slide,
set
thewhite xL12, x2, or x4
to the DiaI Sca
le,rathertha
n "
L".
These
indexes
are helpful,for example,
when
filters
are
required. Whenusing
a filterwith a
n exposureindex
of 2, set the red or white x2 to the Dial Scale. With
an exposureindex
of 4, set x4 to the Dial Scale.
Note: The intermediate
values of these indexes
are
given
in the figure
below. Though
they
are not
marked
on the scaleitself,
you can usethem effectively
when
needed.
r\5X3 r1,*,
8 (stops)
16
24
I l15 (second)
Ll30
r
l50
16
Q',7,
I7

Most popular cine cameras use 16 frames'per'second
with a shutter speed of 1130. To find the proper f/stop,
read the number on the Aperture Scale which corres'
ponds to 16 on the red Cine Scale.
(You can of course use other exposures for specia
I ef
'
f
ects.
)
Note 1 : Some movie ca
mera
s h
ave shorter exposure
times.
For example a camera with 16 frames-per'second may
have a shutter speed of Ll40-
In the instruction booklet or cata
logue
that accom
pa
nies
your camera is a list of the camera's shutter speeds
and corresponding f
/stops. Study them carefully.
When you know only the aperture angle of a cine
cam era, compute the shutter speed with the following
formula :
When : Sh
utter a
Perture a
ngle : Lq"
Fra
mes-per'second - N
Shutter speed -T
T-1\./a
'- N 't 360
For exa
m
ple
:
When the aperture angle is LLZB" and there are L6
fra
mes-per-second,
then :
-r_ L \., t28 1
'- 16 ^ 360 - 4s
Since your meter does not indicate a shutter speed of
L|45, you must judge the point which is midway between
L l3O
and Ll60. Directly beneath this midpoint is the
proper f/stop setting for your camera.
Note 2 z The stand
a
rd ca
mera used by profession
a
ls
h
as a shutter speed of 1/50 with 24 frames-per'second.
This setting is indicated by a red line beneath the 24
on the Cine Sca
le.
4. CorrectExposures
under
Special
Gonditions
4-1" Fortraits
Follow
theinstructions
given
in section3, with
particular
attention
to 3-3 (Note 1).
Because
of its Lumisphere
which uses an incident
light system, the sekonic studio Deluxe is ideal for
ta
king portra
its. Deta
ils are a
lways
clea
r, even when
lights
are behind
the subject.
32
64
L28
L160
r
lL25
L
l25O
Then:
t8 19
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4-2. r"Short-distance'o
Landseapes
When
photographing
scenes
which
arerelatively
near,
(trees,
buildings,
etc.), hold Lumisphere as directed in
3-3.
When the subject and camera are struck with different
quantities of light, move to where the subject's lighting
cond
ition is reprod
uced a
nd point the Lu
m
isphere to-
wards and on a linewith the lens axis of your cam
era.
When on
ly the subject is in sh
adow, either move the
Lumisphere
within the shadow or shade
the Lumisphere
with your hand.
;ft
4-3. Distant
Landscapes
Photographs of distant landscapes are often hazy and
over-exposed due to the influences of the sun. For good,
clear photographs take one reading in the normal way
with the Lumisphere held at the camera position, away
from the scene a
nd a second reading with the Lumisphere
pointed directly at the sun. Set the 'rH" or t'L" mark
halfway between these two readings.
Note 1: The quickest and easiest way to figure the halfway
mark is to find the mid-value of two foot candle which the
needle has indicated. Be careful to note the correct mid.values
of foot candles. For example, between 25o and 64 foot-candles
the mid-value is r25. Between r25 and 64 foot-candtes the
mid'value is indicated by an unnumbered white line on the Diat
Scale. Another method for finding the halfway mark is to set
the dial to the two Dial scale numbers and to note the two
shutter speeds. The shutter speeds can then be averaged and
an f/stop obtained.
Note 2: People in a landscape must betreated as part of the
scenery. They should not be'read'individually as with
portra
its.
20 27

4-4, Snow
Scenes
(1) Snow pictures taken according to reflected
light
measurement
often
fa
ilbecause
thesnow
magnif
ies
and distorts
the reading. This problem
does
not
arise,
however,
with Sekonic's
incident
light meter.
The reflection factor for fresh snow is 7O%. lt is
60% for 'city' or old snow. With your Sekonic
you
compensatefor this reflection
mathematically
and
therebyavoidmistakes. You
find
theshutter
speed
by regular
incident
light
measurement
and
increase
it by I/ 4 2 or L/2.
For
example:
When the measured shutter speedis LlL25 at f 16,
Then:
LlLzsxtl4 z : LlL77 (L|ZOO) or
llLzsxLl2 - tl25O
Note 1: Over-exposed pictures lack c!arity. lt is therefore
advisable,
when a choice is possible, to use the faster shutter
speed.
Note 2: The correction index of I/ '/Z-l/2 is based on a stand-
ard ref
lection factor for snow. T
he index will vary sliehtly
depending on the nature of the snow (clean, dirty, etc.), and
you should consider such variations
when determining a correct
shutter speed.
Note 3 : When registering inci.
dent light, the sensitive Lumis.
phere cannot help but pick up
some of the extra lieht reflected
from the surface of the snow. lt
is therefore advisable to shield
the Lumisphere from this ref
lected
lieht.
\. Refle.r'teiJ
liiiirt
Srtowfaee
(2) When
taking pictures
under a cloudedsky, snow
reflected
light measurement will give satisfactory
results.
PlaceLumigrid
in the socketof the Sekonic
Studio Deluxe
a
nd direct it slightlydownward
from
the
camera
position
to the
subject.The H IGH
Slide
cannot
be used,
but be sure
to set the t'H" mafk
to the Dial
Scale.
4-5" Side and Baek-lighted Seenes
"ffi
22 23
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ln pictures of side or back-tighted scenes, the front of
the subject may appear too dark while other parts of
the photogra
ph are over-exposed. This, of course, m
ay
be your desired effect; but, if not, take two readings,
one in the regular way with the Lumisphere directed
away from the subject, a
nd a
nother with the Lumisphere
directed towards the light source. Use a setting m
idway
between these two rea
d
ings, as expla
ined in Sec. 4-3.
(Note 1).
4-6, Silhouetted
Scenes
To silhouetteobjects (persons,
trees, etc.) against a
bright sky or sunset, r€move the Slide and turn the
Lumisphere
directly
towards
the sun, (as if you were
usinga reflected
light meter).
Setthe 'rH" mark to the needle
reading,
though the
Slide
is out. Deliberate
under-exposureis necessary
to
record
the source
of light. Objects in the foreground
will be silhouetted.
4-7* Direct Reading
Method
Thereare
ninedifferentDirectReading Slides
available
for the SekonicStudio
Deluxe. They m
ay be used
with
the Lumisphere
or Lumidisk, but not with the Lumigrid.
As previously explained,the HIGH
Slidecan be
used
not
only for high illumination
measurement
but also for
direct
readings. The nineSlides,however,
are onlyfor
direct
readings.
1
I
HIGH
Slide
ASA
L0 (D rN 11)
Direct
Reading
Slides
Sh
utter Speed
r r/5o(1/60)
Ll30
(1125
Ll60
(1/50
lt (rr
n (rr
// (n
lt (n
L
I L25
(1/
lOO
Ll25O(L
l2Oo
n(rr
ASA 25
n40
// 50
// 64
n80
// 10O
// 160
n 2OO
n 400
DIN15
// L7
// 18
u 19
// 20
// 2L
// 23
// 24
n27
Note: Shutter speeds
only a general shutter
Scale" section of 2-4
use.
within parentheses are for cameras with
speed scale. See the "Direct Reading
for directions on proper installation and
24 25

Althoughthere are ten DirectReading
Slides
(including
the HIGH
Slide),
each may be used
with different
f
ilm
indexes
to obtain a variety of shutter speeds. For ex-
ample, film with ASAL00 use{ with HIGH Slide (ASA
10) requires
a shutter speedof L/500.
Theshutter
speed-with which
you must set
your
camera
fordirect
readings-can becalculated
fromthe following
formula:
When
:
ASA
index
of a slide
Shutter
speed
of same slide
ASAindexof film used
Shutter
speed
of same film
Then:
T' : A/A'x T
ln the exampleabove,
usingASA 1OO
10 HIGH
Slide,
you calculate
:
10/10oxLl5o-L/5oo
Wh
at now would be the sh
utter speed
for a f
ilm with
ASA2OO
when a slideof T Ll6O with ASA50 is used.
Answer
:
T'_5Ol2OOxtl6O_ Ll24O
In other
words,
withan
ASA2OO
film you may
set the sh
utter speed
to Il24O a
nd use a
D
irect
Reading Slide
of
ASA
5O-1
l60.
:A
:T
:A'
:T'
film with
an ASA
5. Special
LightingGonditions
5-1. Foreword
For
general
photography,
correct
exposure
readings
can
be obta
ined by following
the iristructions
a
nd exa
m
ples
in Sections
3 a
nd 4. The Sekonic
Studio
Deluxe,
how'
ever,
is a precisioninstrument
which can be used to
obta
in specia
I effectsu
nder controlled
conditions. Sec-
tion 5 should
be studied
caref
ully so that your meter
ca
n be used
to its f
ull advantage.
(1) Incident
Light
Measurement.
Incident
lightmea
surement
is the most accurate,
up-to-date method to determine exposure. The
Sekonic Studio Deluxe,which h
as adopted
this
method,
is widely used by professional
photogra-
phers
and motion picture specialists. Unlike re'
ftected
meters,
it is acclaimed by amateurs and
professionals
alike
as the one meter
giving
correct
exposure
readings
for both black-and'white
and
color photogra
phy. Flesh tones in portra
its are
particularly
natural
withtheSekonic
meter,
because
it receives
a
ll incident
light
just as the subject
re'
ceives
it, and averages
the light into one correct
exposure. This is a great advantage, ES f
lesh
tones
in color
photography
are the first which the
untrained
eyereadily
recognizes
as either
goodor
bad. Standard
reflection
of L8% assures
perfect
tones,
a
nd esta
blishes a point of referencefrom
which deviations
can be made for special
effects.
(2) The Lu
m
idisk
The Lumidisk is indispensable in close'ups, to
measure the contrast ratio between m
a
in a
nd f
ill-
in lights. The Lumidisk also makes it possible
for
the photogra
pher to record his lighting ratio a
nd
duplicate it at any future time.
26 27
www.orphancameras.com

5'2' Lighting
Gontrast
Gontrol
(lndoors)
Lighting
contrast
control
isnecess
aryin
order
to measure
the m
a
in a
nd f
ill-in
lights
directed
at a subject. when
the intensity
of these
lights
is known,
the photographer
can change and control the ratio between
them for
whatever
effects
he wishes
to achieve. He can also
duplicate
this lighting
contrast
at some
future
time.
To measure
contrast:
(1) Replace
Lumisphere
with Lumidisk
(2) Switch
on on
ty the m
a
in (key) tight
(3) From
the
subjectposition
poinl'the
Lumidisk
direcily
at the main lignt,
a
nd read out the foot-ca
ndles
registered
on the meter.
(4) Turn on the fill-in rights,
ancJ
pointthe Lumidisk
directly
at them from the subjectposition. when
measuring
the fill-in
lights,
be sure
to shade the
Lumidisk
from the main light.
(5) Divide
the intensity
of th; main tight
by that of
the fill-in lights to fincl
the contrast ratio (light
balance).
Exa
m
ple
:The
main light
reads
500
Fill.in
lights
read ZSO
Lighting
contrast
ratio - 49 - Zo, Z to 1
250 1 1",'
(6) lf the lighting
contrast
ratio is not as desired,the
f
ill-in
lights
m
ust be readjusted.
(7) when the proper
ratio is found,
the Lumidisl<
ca
n
be replaced
by the Lumisphere.
Now
the exposure
can be determined
in the usual
way.
Note: In a fully'equipped
studio it is suggested
that for the best
results
you keep
the lighti;a con-
trast ratio between
Z to 1 and 4 to 1.
5-3. OutdoorGontrast
Gontrol
Lightirrgca
n be measured a
nd controlled outdoors with
the same precision as in a studio. The procedure is
a
lmost exactly the same.
White or silver-f
aced reflectors are used to brighten those
sides of a subject which are in shadow. place the
Lumidisk in the meter and take a reading when it is
directed towards the sun. Now take another reading
with the Lumidisk turned towards the reftectors,
making
certain to shield the Lumidisk with your ha
nd from the
direct rays of the sun. You now know the intensity of
both lights and can control their ratio by rearranging
the reflectors. For best results in color photography,
the fill-in light should be from Llz to Ll4 that of the
m
a
in light.
Dramatic black and wlrite effects can be achieved by
using a higher ratio, such as having the reflected
lights
as fittle as LILG the sunlight intensity.
Note: when the needle
moves
outside
the scale (because
of
brightlieht)usethe HIGH
Slide. To obtain foot-candles
(lieht
intensity)
with
the HIGHStide,
the number indicated
by ine
needfe
must be multiplied
by 32, (as explained
in 2-3). The
liehting
contrastratio
can be
obtained
readily
by
computing
the
relative
intensityof the main liehtand the fill-in
tights,
(as ex.
plained
in 5-2).
whe,nthe proper ratio has
been
obtained,
replace
the Lumidisk
with
the Lumisphere
and determine
the exposure
as
usuat. Be
surethat allthe light from the sun and ref
lectors
falls upon
the Lumisphere.
28 29

Expusure
determination
16:
1
1.
5-4" Reflected Light Readings
The Sekonic Studio Deluxe
allows one to read ex'
posures not only by its
specia
I incident light sys'
tem but a
lso by the re'
flected light system offered
by sta
nda
rd meters. The
Lumigrid is used to take
these ref
lected light read'
I
ngs.
When using
the Lumigrid
it
is
necessary
to remember:
(1) The Lumigrid should be pointed towards the
su
bject from 4 to 6 inches away.
(2) No slides can be used.
(3) The numbers indicated on the Incident Light
Sca
le do not represent foot-ca
ndles. (They
represent foot-ca
nd
les on
ly with the Lu
m
isphere
or Lu
m
id
isk.) The Incident Light Sca
le in this
case is only an index used for finding the proper
shutter speed or f/stop.
(4) All indications m
ust be set to a
nd read at the
'rH" mark.
You will notice that reflected light measurement
with the Lumigrid is possible only when the in-
tensity of the incident light exceeds L25 foot-
ca
ndles.
M
id-point of brightness ra
nge
Reflectedlight measurement is taken to determine
the brightness of the subject. The brightness de-
pends on the intensity of the incident light and on
the reflection of the subject. Incident light measure-
Keeping
the main
light
constant,
vary-
ing the fill.in light
changes
thecontrast
ratio
of the lighting
L:1
8:1
30
2.
31
www.orphancameras.com

ment is a method of determining exposure by
measuringincident
light,
assuming
that ilre subject
reffects
18% of its incident
light.
The effectivefoot-candles
measured
by the Lumis-
phere
to determine the correct
exposure,
deternrines
the mid-point
of brightness.
Example: Assume
that by regular
measurement
with the Lumisphere
without
the Slide,
the needle
indicates
5OOfoot-candles. With a f
ilm index of
ASA
10, the correct exposure
is midway between
FlL and F16,
with a shutter
speed
of one second.
When
the "L" m
ark is set to 500, tlre " H
" m
ark
points
to 16. This
16
is the mid'point
of
brightness ra
nge.
This
means
that if a
standard 18% re'
flector is measured
with the Lum
igrid
under
the sa
mecon-
ditions, the needle
willpoint
to 16.
ln determining ex-
posure with tirc
Lumisphere
or Lumi-
grid,
the r'H" mark
always
indicates
the center
of the
brightness
ra
nge,
regardless
of whether
the,'H', or ,.L,,
mark was
used
in determining
the correct
exposure.
f
f the "H" mark is off scale
when the ..L,,
mark
is set to the needle, the light level is so low th
at
no usable
reading
ca
n be obtained
with the Lumi-
grid. Inother words, reflected
light measurement
with the Lumigridis possible
only when the inten-
sity of incident
light
exceeds
I25 foot-ca
ndles.
There are three reasons
for choosing
the useof
ref
lected
lightmea
surement
:
a, To determ
inethe brightness
ra
nge
of a su
bject.
4.
b. To photograph
illuminated
subjects
suchas
neon
signs.
c. To photograph
subjectswhen you are unable
to
measure
the incidentlight (Figures
in
show
win-
dows,etc.).
To determine
the brightnessrange,
install
theLumi-
grid and directit about 6 inches
from
various
areas
of the subject. Be carefulthat neither
you nor the
meter
cast a shadow
on the areabeing
read
, (a6"
diameter
circle). Notethe variousindications
on
the foot-candle
scale,
which is a convenientscale
for determ
ining ra nge.
Novr
divide
the highest
foot candle reading by the
lowest
to obtain
the brightnessrange
ofthe subject.
For example if the brightestarea reads
64, a
ndthe
lowest
4, then
:
Range _tol
To determine
the range limits for good color
photo-
graphs,
followtheserules:
(a) Noneof the objects
in a scene shouldbemore
than four times brighter or four times darker
than the mid-point
of the brightness
range.
ln otherwords the
foot ca ndle
ra
nge
should
not
64 .?
4-ro
3.
32
5.
33

exceed
L6
to 1. lf, for
example,
the
mid-pointis
16 and the lowest area reads
4, the highest
sl':ouldnot exceed 64. (4x 16:64)
lf any area of the subjectis too brightto fit
withinthis 16 to I range, its colorwill appear
washed-out. Therefore
this area should be
shaCedto reducethe intensity
of light upon
it.
lf any area of the subjectis too dark to fit
within this range,
more light must be
concentratedon it
to assure proper
coloring.
(d) On the Sekonic
Studio Deluxe two
f/stops on either
side
ofthemid-point
limit the norma
I
brightnessrangefor
color.
Mid-point
of
Brightness
Range Exposure
Indication
with Lum
isphere
(b)
(c)
6. Special Uses
for Lumigrid
When
taking
photographs
of illuminatedsubjects
or
of subjectsfor which an incident
light
reading
can-
not be made,
the Lumigrid
shouldbe used
in place
of the Lumisphere.
(See 5-4-1 for general instruc-
tions,and studythe pictures
above.)
34 35
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