TechnoAP APV8032 User manual

Multi-channeldigitalsignalprocessor
APV8032
Instruction Manual
Version1.0.0
December 2021
TechnoAPCo., Ltd.
Add:2976-15Mawatari, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki,Postcode: 312-0012
TEL: [phone]
FAX:[phone]
URL:http://www.techno-ap.com
e-mail: [e-mail]

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TechnoAP Co., Ltd.
Safety Precautions / Disclaimer
Thankyouverymuchforpurchasing thedigitizerAPV8108-14(hereinafter"Thisboard")ofTechnoAP Co.,
Ltd.(hereinafter"We").Pleasereadthis"SafetyPrecautions/Disclaimer"beforeusingthisdevice,besureto
observethecontents,anduseitcorrectly.
Weare notresponsibleforanydamagecaused byabnormalityofdevice,detector,connecteddevice,
application,damagetofailure,othersecondarydamage,evenifaccidentcausedbyusingthisdevice.
Prohibited matter
⚫This device cannot be used for applications requiring special quality and reliability
related to human life, accident.
⚫This device cannot be used in places with high temperature, high humidity, and high
vibration.
⚫Do not apply a power supply that exceeds the rating.
⚫Do not turn the power on while other metals are in contact with the board surface.
Note
⚫If there is smoking or abnormal heat generation in this device, turn off the power
immediately.
⚫This board may not work properly in noisy environments.
⚫Be careful with static electricity.
⚫The specifications of this board and the contents of the related documents are subject
to change without notice.
Warranty policy
Thewarrantyconditionsof"ourproduct"areas follows.
Warranty period
Oneyearfromdateofpurchase.
Guaranteecontents
Repairorreplacementwill becarried outin case ofbreakdown even though you
haveusedcorrectlyaccordingtothisinstructionmanualwithinthewarrantyperiod
Outofwarranty
Wedonotwarrantyifthecauseofthefailurefallsunderanyofthefollowing.
1. Failure or damage due to misuse or improper repair or modification or
disassembly.
2.Failureanddamageduetofallingetc.
3.Breakdown/damageinharshenvironments(hightemperature/highhumidity,
underzero,condensationetc.).
4.Causesotherthantheabove,otherthan"ourproducts".
5.Consumables.

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- Table of Contents -
SafetyPrecautions/Disclaimer...........................................................................................................................................................................................2
１． Overview............................................................................................................................................................................................................5
１．１． Overview............................................................................................................................................................................................................5
１．２． Feature................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
２． Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................................................7
３． Appearance.....................................................................................................................................................................................................9
４． Setup...............................................................................................................................................................................................................12
４．１． ApplicationInstallation.......................................................................................................................................................................12
４．２． Connections...............................................................................................................................................................................................12
４．３． Setupofnetwork.................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
５． Applicationwindow..............................................................................................................................................................................14
５．１． Startupwindow........................................................................................................................................................................................14
５．２． CHtab.............................................................................................................................................................................................................16
５．３． configtab......................................................................................................................................................................................................22
５．４． statustab......................................................................................................................................................................................................23
５．５． wavetab........................................................................................................................................................................................................24
５．６． histogramtab............................................................................................................................................................................................25
６． Initialization..................................................................................................................................................................................................27
６．１． Checkingthepreamplifieroutputsignal..............................................................................................................................27
６．２． Powersupplyandconnection....................................................................................................................................................27
６．３． SettingExecution...................................................................................................................................................................................27
６．４． AnalogCourseGainandAnalogPoleZeroAdjustmentofPreamplifierOutputSignal............28
６．５． FASTFilterSettings............................................................................................................................................................................ 31
６．６． SLOWFilterSettings..........................................................................................................................................................................32
６．７． SLOWthresholdsetting...................................................................................................................................................................32
７． Measurement...........................................................................................................................................................................................33
７．１． Setting.............................................................................................................................................................................................................33
７．２． Startmeasurement..............................................................................................................................................................................33
７．３． Histogrammode..................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
７．４． Listmode......................................................................................................................................................................................................34
７．５． Stommeasurement............................................................................................................................................................................34
８． Quit.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
９． File.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................35
９．１． Histogramdatafile................................................................................................................................................................................35
９．２． Listdatafile.................................................................................................................................................................................................37
９．３． Waveformedatafile............................................................................................................................................................................38
１０． Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................................................................................39
１０．１． Connectionerroroccurs..................................................................................................................................................................39

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１０．２． Command error occurs..........................................................................................................................................................39
１０．３． Histogram is not displayed...................................................................................................................................................40
１０．４． Change IP address.......................................................................................................................................................................40

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１． Overview
１．１． Overview
TechnoAP'sDSP(DigitalSignalProcessor)productsaremulti-channel analyzers(MCA)withreal-time
digital signalprocessingcapability.
In conventional radiationmeasurement,signalsfrom apreamplifierarepassedtoaspectroscopyamplifier,
amplifiedandwaveformshapedbyanalogcircuits,andthenanalyzedforspectraaccordingtoa
measurementdevice suchas an MCA.
InthecaseofDSP,thesignalfromthepreamplifierisdirectlyconvertedtodigitalusinganextremelyfast100
MHz,14BitA/Dconverter.ThedigitallyconverteddataissenttoahighlyintegratedFPGA(Field
ProgrammableGateArray)forspectral analysisusingnumericaloperations.Thepreamplifiersignalis
trapezoidallyfiltered(Trapezoidal Filter)in real-timeby thepipelined architectureoftheFPGA.
TheDSPconfigurationintegratesaspectroscopicpeeramplifierandanMCAtoperformpulseshaping
usingthelatestdigitalsignalprocessingtechniquesinsteadoftraditionalanalogmethods.
In additionto thetrapezoidalfilter,theDSPhasa timingfilteramplifier,CFD,andwaveform digitizer.
Itprovidesexcellentenergyandtimeresolutionandisextremelystableevenathighcountingrates.Italso
offersthroughput(>100Kcps)higherthangate integratoramplifiers,whichboastthehighestthroughputof
anyanalogsystem.
Multi-channelDSPswithupto32channelsareavailablewithallADCsoperatingsynchronouslyandcan
alsobesynchronizedbetweenmodules.Itcanbeappliedtomulti-channelsystems,coincidenceandanti-
coincidencesystems,andenergyandtimecorrelationanalysis.
Thismanual describesthisequipment.
* In the text,"CH" forsignalinputchannels and"ch"forbinnumberchannelsare case-sensitive.
* In thetext,"list"and"event"aresynonymous.
* ThemodelAPVstandsfortheVMEstandardsizeboardtype.AseparateVMEpowersupplyrack
(suchasourAPV9007)isrequiredtosupplypowertothisboardtype.Inaddition,thetypeofmodelin
whichthisboardishousedinaunit(chassis)andACpowersupplycanbeuseddirectlyismarkedwith
APUinsteadofAPV.Forexample,themodelinwhichtheVME-typeAPV8032isinstalledinaunitis
calledAPU8032.ThismanualalsoincludesadescriptionoftheAPU8032.
* Additionalfunctionscanbeaddedtothisdeviceasoptions.(Inthisdocument,thefunctionpartis
specifiedas(optional).

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１．２． Feature
Themainfeaturesareasfollows
Digital signalprocessingforgamma-rayspectroscopy
Suitable for multi-channel, multi-functional systems such as multi-element detectors and
anticomptonspectrometers
Spectralanalysisofscintillation(NaI(Tl),LaBr3(Ce))detectors
DigitalPulseShapingusinghighlyintegratedFPGA
Data recording viaEthernet(TCP/IP).
Figure1 DSPConfiguration
The output signal from the detector's preamplifier is directly input to the DSP and digitized by a high-speed
ADC (100 MSPS)in the DSP. The A/D converter, which is the heart of the digital pulse processing, employs
the latest 100 MHz, 14-bit high-speed, high-resolution pipelined ADC to directly digitize the signal from the
preamplifier.
Trapezoidal waveform processingisperformed by hardware calculationin FPGA. Theshapingtime required
fortrapezoidal waveform shaping is set by parameters from a PC, and peak values are digitally detected by
peakingtime(peakingtime=risetime+flattoptime)for both FASTandSLOW systems.
TheFASTandSLOWsystemsareprocessedbytwodifferentfilterblocks.
TheFASTsystemacquirestimingandperformspile-uprejection(PileupReject).
TheSLOWsystemperformsPolezeroCancelandBaselineRestorerprocessingfollowedbyenergyanalysis.
Preamplifier signals and trapezoidal waveform processing signals imported into FPGA are output via DAC
(DigitalAnalogConverter),andoperationcanbecheckedonadigitaloscilloscope.
SettingsanddataacquisitionfortheDSPareperformedbythesuppliedDSPapplication(hereinafterreferred
to as "thisapplication"). This applicationruns on Windows. The DSP communicatesonly via TCP/IP or UDP
network communication, so no special libraries are required, and the DSP can be used in non-Windows
environmentsaswell.

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２． Specifications
（１） AnalogInput
・Numberofchannel 32
・Inputrange ±1V *±12V withinputprotection circuit
・Inputimpedance 1kΩ
・Coarsegain ×2,×4
・Frequencyband DC to 16MHz
・First-stagedifferentialcircuit 6.8μs fix *Canbechangeduponrequest.
・Attenuator None
（２） ADC
・Samplingfrequency 100MHz
・Resolution 14bit
・Inputrange ±１V
・SNR 85dB@3MHzperformance
・EnergyResolution 1.75keV@1.33MeV (typicalvalue)
・Spectralbrodenning 12%orless(1kcps to 100kcps)
・Throughput 100kcpsandmore
・Integralnon-linearity ±0.025%(typical value)
・Peak shift THD
・Driftcharacteristics THD
・PulsePair Resolution 1.25×(Risetime +Flattop Time) *Guideline
（３） MCA
・ADCgain 8192,4096, 2048, 1024, 512, 256 channel
・Operationmode Histogram,List,Wave
・Eventtransferrate Approx.20Mbytepersec. *10Byte (80Bit) perevent
（４） Digitalpulseshaping
・FAST,Risetime 0.05μs～1μs
・FAST, Flattoptime 0.03μs～1μs
・SLOW, Risetime 0.16μs～8μs
・SLOW, Flattoptime 0.16μs～2μs
・Digitalcoursegain ×1,×2,×4,×8,×16,×32,×64,×128
・DigitalFinegain ×0.333to×1.0
・Triggertiming LET (Leading Edge Timing), CFD(Constant Fraction Disicriminator
Timing)
・Digital CFD Timeresolution 10ns
・Digital Polezero cancel, Digital BaselineRestorer,Digital Pile upReject
・LLD(LowLevelDiscriminator)
・ULD (Upper LevelDiscriminator)
（５） Communicationinterface

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・LAN TCP/IP GigabitEthernet1000Base-T, for datatransfer
UDP Forcommandtransparency
（６） Currentconsumption
+5V 4.0A (Max.)
+12V 0.4A (Max.)
-12V 0.4A (Max.)
（７） Form
・VMEtype(VME6U) APV8032
・Unittype APU8032
（８） Outerdiameterdimensions
・VMEtype(VME6U) 20 (W)x262(H)x187 (D)mm
・Unittype 300 (W)x56(H) x335(D)mm
（９） Weight
・VMEtype(VME6U) Approx. 400g
・Unittype Approx.3100g
（１０） PCenvironment
・OS Windows7orlater, 32bi or64bitlater
・Network interface
・Screenresolution FullHD (1920×1080)andmorerecommended

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３． Appearance
Picture1 APV8032
（１）
（6）
（2）
（4）
（5）
（7）
（9）
（10）
（12）
（8）
（11）
（3）

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（１） LED P (green) lights up when power is turned ON, V (orange) and E (red)
are not used
（２） SignalA CH1-16analoginputpins
Connector is HIF3BA-34PA-2.54DS; input range ±1V, x2 or x4
course gain selected from application, input impedance 1kΩ.
（３） SignalB CH17-32 analoginputpins
Connector is HIF3BA-34PA-2.54DS; input range ±1V, x2 or x4
course gain selected from application, input impedance 1kΩ.
（４） MONI LEMO 00.250 compatible connector for monitor output. DAC outputs
signals, etc. during DSP processing of the selected 1CH.
（５） CLK-I LEMO 00.250 compatible connector for external clock signal input.
An external clock can be used to synchronize with external devices.
(When using, input a 25MHz, Duty cycle 50% LVTTL or TTL signal
before turning on the power.
（６） CLK-O LEMO 00.250 compatible connector for external clock signal output.
Outputs 25MHz LVTTL signal with 50% duty cycle.
（７） GATE LEMO 00.250 compatible connector for external GATE signal input;
accepts LVTTL or TTL signals. Enables data acquisition while input
is High.
（８） VETO LEMO 00.250 compatible connector for external VETO signal input;
accepts LVTTL or TTL signals; disables data acquisition while high.
（９） RESET Reset button; press and hold for at least 3 seconds to reset the
device.
（１０） CLR LEMO 00.250 compatible connector for external clear signal input;
LVTTL or TTL logic signal input; clears counter data, which is time
information at the time of event detection, at the rising edge of High.
（１１） SYNC (Not used) LEMO 00.250 compatible connector for function
expansion; accepts LVTTL or TTL signals.
（１２） LAN RJ45 connector for Ethernet cable. 1000Base-T.

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Refer to the silk in thegreen frame in the photo below on theboard of thisdevice andmake settings for each
CH input.
Picture2 BoardofAPV8032 Inputpartof CH1
Analog polezero circuitenabled.
（１） Greenflamer Analogpolezerocircuitjumper
Jumper-equipped Analogpolezerocircuitenabled,forresistivefeedbackpreamplifier
outputsignalinput(default)
Withoutjumpers Analogpolezerocircuitdisabled,fortransistorresetpreamplifier
output signal input.
Picture3 CLKsetting LEFT:Settingofinternal CLK, RIGHT:SettingofexternalCLK
（２） Orangeflame CLKsetting.TooperateusinganexternalCLK,setthejumperasshownon
therightsideofthefigureabove,andturnonthepowersupplywitha25 MHz,Duty50%
LVTTLorTTLclocksignalinputtotheCLK-Ipinonthefrontpanel.

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４． Setup
４．１． Application Installation
This application runs on Windows. When using this application, it is necessary to install the EXE (executable
format) file of this application and the LabVIEW runtime engine from National Instruments on the PC to be
used.
Installation of this application is performed by the installer included on the accompanying CD. The installer
includestheEXE(executableformat)fileandtheLabVIEWruntimeengine,whichcanbeinstalledatthesame
time.Theinstallation procedure is as follows.
（１） Login toWindowswithadministrative privileges.
（２） RunSetup.exeintheApplicationfolderontheaccompanyingCD-ROM.Proceedwiththe
installationinaninteractivemanner.Thedefaultinstallationdirectoryis"C:¥TechnoAP".Inthis
folder,theapplication'sexecutablefiledsp_mca.exeandtheconfigurationfileconfig.inicontaining
thesettings will beinstalled.
（３） RunStartbutton -TechnoAP-APP8032.
Touninstall,gotoAddorRemoveProgramsandselectAPP8032toremoveit.
４．２． Connections
ConnectthisdeviceandPCwithanEthernetcable;useacrossovercabledependingonthePC. When
usingahub,useaswitchinghub.

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４．３． Setup of network
Checkthecommunicationstatusofthisdeviceandthisapplicationbythefollowingprocedure.
（１） Turn on the PC and change the network information of the PC.
IP address ：192.168.10.2 *Addressesnotassignedtothisdevice
Sub-netmask ：255.255.255.0
Defaultgateway ：192.168.10.1
（２） Turn on the VME Crate power supply and wait for about 10 seconds after turning on the power.
（３） Check the communication status between the PC and the device by executing the ping command
at the Windows command prompt to see if the device and the PC are connected.
The IP address of the device is located on the board or on the back of the unit. The factory default
network information for this device is as follows.
IP address ：192.168.10.128
Sub-net mask ：255.255.255.0
Default gateway ：192.168.10.1
> ping 192.168.10.128
Figure2 Confirmcommunicationconnection,executepingcommand
（４） Launch this application. Search for APV8104 from the shortcut icon APV8104 on the desktop or the
Windows button and launch it.
Ifanerrormessageisdisplayedwhenthisapplicationislaunched,statingthattheconnectionwiththis
device hasfailed,pleaserefer tothe troubleshooting describedbelow.

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５． Application window
５．１． Startup window
When thisapplicationis run, the followingstartupscreen will appear.
Figure3 Startupwindow(maydifferfromimageduetooptionsandupdates)
・Menu
File-openconfig Loadconfigurationfile
File-openhistogram Loadhistogram datafile
File-openwave Loadwaveformdatafile
File-saveconfig Savecurrentsettingstoafile
File-savehistogram Savecurrenthistogramdatatofile
File-savewave Savewaveformdatafile
File-saveimage SavethisapplicationscreenasPNGformatimage
File–reconnect Reconnect
File-quit Quitapplication
Edit-copysettingofCH1 CH1settingsintheCHtabarereflectedinallotherCHsettings
Edit-copysettingofCH1 toallmodules CH1 settings in theCH tab are reflectedin the settingsof all CHs
ofallothermodules
Edit-IP configuration ChangetheIPaddress ofthis device

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Config Setall itemsto thisdevice
Clear Initializehistogramdatainthisdevice
Start Startmeasurementtothisdevice
Stop Stopmeasurementtothisdevice
・Uppertab
CH Settings foreachinputCH.
config Settingsotherthan input CHand settings related tostorageand measurement.
status DisplayscountratesforeachCH andcalculationresultsbetweeneachROI.
・Bottom tab
wave Display ofWaveform Data.
histogram Histogramdisplay,RegionOfInterest(ROI)setting.
module Select equipmentto bemeasured.
IPaddress IP Address. Defined in the configuration file, IP address of the DSP selected in
module.
memo Optionaltextbox.Pleaseuseformeasurementdatamanagement.
mode Mode ofoperation.Select from the followingmodes.
histogram Histogram mode. Stores the wave height value of the
preamplifieroutputsignal(waveheightvalueoftheSLOW
system filter) in up to 8192 channels and obtains a
histogramofhorizontalaxisenergyandverticalaxiscount.
list List Mode. Transfers data to the PC continuously as a
single event data with the timestamp, wave height value
andCH number ofthe preamplifier outputsignal.
wave Check waveform data during signal processing like an
oscilloscope.
measurementtime Measurementtime.Settingrangeisfrom00:00:00to48:00:00.
acq.LED Flashingduringmeasurement.
saveLED Flashesduringdatastorage.
errorLED Error indication.
mode OperationMode.Displaysthe nameofthe operatingmodebeingset.
measurementtime Setmeasurementtime.
realtime Real time (actual measurement time) of the effective first CH. Equal to the
measurementtimeattheendofthemeasurement.
listfilesize(byte) Displaysthe capacity(in Bytes)ofthe filein whicheventdata is beingsaved.

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５．２． CH tab
Figure4 CH tab
ON CH Availability
analogcoarsegain Analog coarse gain; select from 2x or 4x. Internal amplification of the captured
preamplifieroutputsignal.
ADCgain Gain of ADC (channels). 8192, 4096, 2048, 1024, 512, 256 channels (ch) to be
selectedfrom.thenumberofdivisionsonthehorizontalaxisofthehistogramgraph.
fastdiff SelecttheconstantoftheFASTdifferentialcircuitfromext(excluded,nofilterused),
20, 50, 100, and 200. For detectors with fast rise time, select ext or 20; for Ge
semiconductordetectors,select100or200.
fastintegral Select the constant of the FAST-based integrating circuit from ext (excluded, no
filter used), 20,50,100,and200.Fordetectorswith fastrisetime,selectextor 20;
forGesemiconductordetectors,select100or200.
fastpolezero FAST series pole zero cancel setting. Setting range is 0 to 8192. 0 is automatic
setting.
fasttriggerthreshold ThresholdforthetimingofthestartofwaveformacquisitionusingaFAST-typefilter.
The unit is digits, and the setting range is from 0 to 8191. The default setting is50
digits.TheFASTfilterwaveformisgeneratedbydifferentialandintegralprocessing
ofthetimingfilteramplifiercircuitbasedonthepreamplifieroutputsignal.Whenthe
waveformexceedsthisthresholdvalue,thetimingforacquiringtimeinformationat
that point and the timing for starting waveform generation in the spectroscopy
amplifier circuitare acquired. Itis mainly relatedtotimeacquisition(time stamp).If
the threshold value is too small, noise is easily detected and the input total rate
(cps) will increase,so whilewatchingthe input total rate (cps), setthe value afew
digits higher than the borderline of the noise level where the value increases
extremely.

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slow risetime(ns) Rise time of a SLOW-type filter. This is the rise time to reach the upper bottom of
theSLOW-type (trapezoidal)filter in the figure below.Shorter values tend to have
poorer energy resolution but more throughput, while longer values tend to have
better energy resolution but less throughput. Since the peaking time of linear
amplifiers is often 2.0 to 2.4 x time constant, a rise time of about twice the time
constantofthelinearamplifierwillgivesimilarresolution.Thedefaultsettingis6000
ns.Thiscorrespondstoashapingtimeof3µsfor alinear amplifier.
slowflattoptime(ns) Flat top time of a SLOW-type filter. This is the time at the top of the SLOW-type
(trapezoidal)filterinthefigurebelow.Thelength ofthe trapezoidal toppartisused
to adjust the wave height error caused by variations in the rise (fall) of the
preamplifieroutputsignal.Thesettingvalueis from0to100%ofthe rise(fall)time
ofthepreamplifieroutputsignal and should be twicetheslowesttime.The default
settingis700ns.(Inthiscase,theslowestrise(fall)timeisassumedtobe350ns.
⚫ThethroughputoftheDSPisshowninthefollowingequation
(slowrisetime+ slowflattoptime) ×1.25
slowpolezero SLOW-type pole zero cancellation; the falling undershoot, or overshoot of the
SLOW-type filter can be reduced by setting this value appropriately. The default
settingis680.Sincethisvaluevariesdependingonthedetector,connecttheMONI
terminal on the front panel to the oscilloscope, select the SLOW filter in the DAC
monitortype,andadjustthe SLOW filter sothatthe fallingedge oftheSLOW filter
isflattened.
Figure5 SLOW type(trapezoidal)filter
⚫The figure on the right shows an example where there is an undershoot in the SLOW filter and pole zero is
not set. In this case, lowering the value of the SLOW pole zero from the current setting will lift the undershoot
to the upper side.
risetime
flattoptime
(Peaking time)
polezero

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slowtriggerthreshold Threshold value for the timing of the start of waveform acquisition for the Slow
system filter. Unit is digits. The setting range is from 0 to 8191. The default setting
is50digits.Setthisvalueupordownbyabout10digitsabovethenoiselevelwhere
thethroughoutrate(cps)increases.SetthisvaluebelowtheLLDdescribedbelow.
WhenthegeneratedSLOWfilterwaveformexceedsthisthresholdvalue,thewave
heightvalueatthepresettime(slowrisetime+slowflattoptime)issecured.
LLD EnergyLLD(LowerLevelDiscriminator).Theunitisch.Thechbelowthisthreshold
is not counted. set toavalue greater than the show trigger threshold butless than
theULD.
ULD EnergyULD(UpperLevelDiscriminator).Theunitisch.Settoavaluegreaterthan
theLLDandlessthantheADC gain.
Figure6 SettingexampleofLLD andULD
⚫The above figure shows an example where the LLD is set to 955 and the ULD to 1045; you can see
that the areas smaller than the LLD and larger than the ULD are not measured.
pileuprejector Enables/disables pileup rejection: valid when ON. As shown in the figure below,
twopulses generated below the rise time of the waveform-shaped signal overlap,
resultinginadifferentvaluefromtheactualpeakvalue.Underhighcounts,thiscan
resultinsignificantbackgroundnoise.Pile-uprejectionisperformedbydigitalsignal
processing to exclude this event. The targettime is (risetime +flattoptime)× 1.25.
If two events occur during this time, they are rejected. The higher the number of
pile-uprejections,thegreaterthedifferencebetweenmultipleinputcountsandzero
throughputcounts.
Figure7 LEFT:Pile-upevent,RIGHT:Nobluereject,redreject

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polarity Polarity of the input preamplifier output signal. pos = positive polarity, neg =
negative polarity
digitalcoarsegain The gain is digitally selected from 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x, 64x, and 128x. In the
case of a trapezoidal filter, the integral circuit is calculated by sum-of-products
operations;thelargertheslowrisetime,thegreaterthenumberofsum-of-products
operations and the larger the value, and the smaller the value, the smaller. This
valueisusedinconjunctionwiththeslowrisetimesetting.
digitalfinegain Digitally sets the fine gain. The setting range is from 0.3333 to 1x and is used for
correction in the same way as digital coarse gain.The resulting histogram can be
usedtoadjustthepeakpositionofthe histogram.
timingselect Select the timing acquisition method to determine the time when the event was
detected(timestamp)fromLET(LeadingEdgeTiming)orCFD(ConstantFraction
DisicriminatorTiming).
LET:LeadingEdgeTiming (LeadingEdgeTiming)
Thetimingatwhichacertaintriggerleveltisreached.(Triggeracquisitiontimingis
alsodifferentiftheslopeoftherisingedgechanges,asinthecaseof'a'and'b'.
Figure8 ConceptofLeadingEdge(LeadingEdgeTiming)
b
a
b’
a’
ｔ

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g
h
CFD
CFD: ConstantFractionDisicriminatorTiming
For the different preamp waveforms, a and b in the figure below, the following
waveforms c,dande,fand g,hare generated.
Waveformsc,d:WaveformsaandbmultipliedbyCFDfunctionandinverted
Waveformse,f:WaveformsaandbdelayedbyCFDdelay
Waveformsg,h:Waveformscandepluswaveformsdandf
CFD, the zero-crossing timing of waveforms g and h, is characterized by the fact
thatitisconstantevenifthewaveheightchanges,ifthestarttimeoftheriseofthe
waveform is the same.
Inputsignal
InvertsinputsignalmultipliedbyCFDfunction
InputsignaldelayedbyCFDDelay
Add reversals and delays
Figure 9 ConceptofConstantFractionDisicriminatorTiming
c
V1*CFD function
CFD delay
b
a
d
e
f
V1
V2
V2*CFD function