Technologic Systems TS-3200 User manual

TS-3200 User’s Manual

TS-3200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems
05/21/2009
ii
Technologic Systems, Inc.
16525 East Laser Drive
Fountain Hills, AZ 85268
480-837-5200
FAX [phone]
[email protected]
http://www.embeddedx86.com/
This revision of the manual is dated
May 21, 2009
All modifications from previous versions are listed in the appendix.
Copyright © 1998-2001 by Technologic Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Limited Warranty
Technologic Systems warrants this product to be free of defects in material and workmanship for a
period of one year from date of purchase. Technologic Systems will repair or replace the defective unit
during this warranty period in accordance with the following instructions:
• Contact Technologic Systems and obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and a
copy of the RMA form.
• Fill out the RMA form completely and include it and dated proof of purchase with the defective unit
being returned. Clearly print the RMA number on the outside of the package.
This limited warranty does not cover damages resulting from lighting or other power surges, misuse,
abuse, abnormal conditions of operation, or attempts to alter or modify the function of the product.
This warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of the defective unit. In no event shall
Technologic Systems be liable or responsible for any loss or damages, including but not
limited to any lost profits, incidental or consequential damages, loss of business, or
anticipatory profits arising from the use or inability to use this product.
Repairs made after the expiration of the warranty period are subject to a flat rate repair charge and the
cost of return shipping. Please contact Technologic Systems to arrange for any repair service.

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Table Of Contents
LIMITED WARRANTY .............................................................................................................................................. III
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................... 5
2 PC COMPATIBILITY ......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Operating Systems ........................................................................................................................................................5
3 POWER............................................................................................................................................................. 6
4 MEMORY........................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 SDRAM ..........................................................................................................................................................................6
4.2 Flash ..............................................................................................................................................................................6
4.3 Flash Expansion ............................................................................................................................................................7
4.4 Battery-Backed SRAM ...................................................................................................................................................7
5 SERIAL PORTS................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.1 Serial Port Configuration Registers................................................................................................................................8
5.2 Serial Port Hardware......................................................................................................................................................8
5.3 RS-485 Support .............................................................................................................................................................8
5.4 Adding Serial Ports ........................................................................................................................................................9
6 DIGITAL I/O..................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.1 DIO1 Header................................................................................................................................................................10
6.2 DIO2 Header................................................................................................................................................................10
6.3 Using LCD Port as Digital I/O ......................................................................................................................................11
7 LCD INTERFACE ............................................................................................................................................ 11
8 MATRIX KEYPAD SUPPORT ......................................................................................................................... 12
9 REAL TIME CLOCK ........................................................................................................................................ 12
10 WATCHDOG TIMER AND SOFTWARE RESET ........................................................................................... 12
11 LED.................................................................................................................................................................. 14
12 JUMPERS........................................................................................................................................................ 15
13 PC/104 BUS EXPANSION .............................................................................................................................. 16
14 LOADING OR TRANSFERRING FILES.......................................................................................................... 17
14.1 Developing with Technologic Systems TS-9500..........................................................................................................17
14.2 Zmodem Downloads ....................................................................................................................................................17
14.3 Manufacturing Mode ....................................................................................................................................................17
15 DEBUGGING................................................................................................................................................... 18
15.1 Integrated BIOS Debugger ..........................................................................................................................................18
15.2 Using other debuggers.................................................................................................................................................19
16 VIDEO, KEYBOARD, AND CONSOLE REDIRECTION ................................................................................. 19
17 FEEDBACK AND UPDATES TO THE MANUAL ............................................................................................ 19
APPENDIX A - BOARD DIAGRAM AND DIMENSIONS.......................................................................................... 20
APPENDIX B – SYSTEM MEMORY MAP ............................................................................................................... 21
APPENDIX C – SYSTEM I/O MAP .......................................................................................................................... 22
APPENDIX D - BIOS INTERRUPT FUNCTIONS.................................................................................................... 23
Int 15h / Function B000h - Technologic Systems BIOS information......................................................................................23
Int 15h / Function B010h - LED Control ................................................................................................................................23
Int 15h / Function B040h – Matrix Keypad Support...............................................................................................................24
Int 15h / Function B042h – Alpha-Numeric LCD Support......................................................................................................24
Int 15h / Function B021h – JP5 Status..................................................................................................................................24
Int 15h / Function B020h - Jumper Pin Status.......................................................................................................................25
APPENDIX E - DIRECT CONTROL OF THE 386EX DIO PINS ............................................................................. 26
APPENDIX F - USING A 12.5 MHZ BAUD CLOCK................................................................................................. 27
APPENDIX G - FURTHER REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 27
APPENDIX H - MANUAL REVISIONS..................................................................................................................... 28

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1Introduction
The model TS-3200 is a compact, full-featured PC compatible Single Board Computer based on the
386EX processor. If you are coming up from the 8-bit microcontroller world, you will find that this
product provides much more performance and much quicker development since you can now use
standard PC development tools such as Turbo C or Quick Basic. If you have done work in the PC
world in the past, you will find you can now build applications for a very small target that does not
require a keyboard, video, floppy disks, or hard drives.
You can typically write and debug code on a host PC using standard development tools for the PC
platform, then simply copy it to and run it on the TS-3200 without modification. If additional peripherals
are required, the PC/104 expansion bus allows for many standard functions available off-the-shelf. It is
also very simple to create a custom PC/104 daughter board for those special features that differentiate
your product. Technologic Systems can provide technical support as well as a free quotation for any
custom hardware, software, or BIOS modifications you may require.
This manual is fairly short. This is because for the most part, the TS-3200 is a standard 80386-based
PC compatible computer, and there are hundreds of books about writing software for the PC platform.
The purpose of this manual is documenting where the TS-3200 differs from a standard PC.
2PC Compatibility
PC compatibility requires much more than just a 386 processor. It requires PC compatible memory and
I/O maps as well as a PC compatible BIOS. The General Software EMBEDDED BIOS offers a high
degree of compatibility with past and present BIOS standards allowing it to run off-the shelf operating
systems and application software.
The EMBEDDED BIOS has been tested with all major versions of DOS, including MS-DOS, DR-DOS,
and Embedded DOS 6-XL; all major versions of OS/2, including MS-OS/2 and IBM OS/2; MS-Windows
3.1, Windows-95, Windows NT, and NetWare 386.
2.1 Operating Systems
Technologic Systems Embedded PCs are compatible with a wide variety of x86-based operating
systems. A partial list OSes currently used with our boards by customers includes:
• TNT Embedded Toolsuite, Phar Lap Software
• UCos II
• RTKernel, On Time Software
• RTEMS, On-Line Applications Research Corporation
• DOS with WATTCP, public domain TCP/IP source code for DOS
• Linux
The TS-3200 is shipped, free of charge, with Embedded DOS ROM by General Software.
The TS-3200 can be shipped upon request with Linux pre-installed for a nominal fee. The Linux file
system and kernel is also freely available on the web should you wish to install it yourself. The Linux
OS requires a 16MB or larger Compact Flash or an M-System’s DiskOnChip.

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3Power
The TS-3200 requires regulated 5VDC at 375mA (typical). A quick release screw-down terminal block
for the 5V power and power GND connections is provided for easy connection to an external power
supply.
When power is first supplied to the TS-3200, the board mounted LED is immediately turned on under
hardware control. Once the processor begins execution, the LED is turned off. The LED then turns on
then off to provide a characteristic blink during execution of POST. If the LED does not turn on at all,
the most likely problem is the power supply. Check that the +5V and GND connections are not
reversed. A diode protects the board against damage in such a situation, but it will not run.
Please note that supply voltages over 6VDC may damage the TS-3200. Be sure to use a regulated
5VDC power supply.
4Memory
4.1 SDRAM
The TS-3200 has a total of 8 Megabytes of high-speed SDRAM providing 640 KB of base memory, 7
Megabyte of extended memory, and 128 KB of shadow RAM for the BIOS and DOS-ROM. This is
identical to a standard PC memory map. The TS-3200 can be ordered with 16MB or 32MB of SDRAM,
but it is not field upgradeable.
If using DOS, then the 7 Megabyte of extended memory can be used as a RAM disk by adding the
vdisk.sys device driver. The RAM disk is accessible as drive C: if the DiskOnChip 2000 Flash disk is
not installed, drive D: if it is. The size of the disk can be reduced to provide extended memory for an
application (or simply removed entirely) by editing the CONFIG.SYS file in the root directory of drive A:.
Please see the BIOS/DOS User's Manual for further information on vdisk.sys.
4.2 Flash
There is a total of 1 MB of Flash memory on the TS-3200. The top 128 KB of Flash are reserved for
the BIOS and DOS-ROM. During POST, they are copied from Flash into DRAM at addresses E0000h
through FFFFFh for improved performance (a standard technique known as BIOS Shadowing). The
remainder of the Flash memory (896 KB) is used by a SSD (solid state disk) appearing as drive A. The
SSD is fully supported by the BIOS as an INT 13h drive.
The flash memory can be populated using a 2 MB chip instead of a 1 MB. This option provides
additional storage space and is less expensive than adding an 8 MB DiskOnChip module.
The physical Flash memory is accessed by the BIOS in protected mode at memory address 52M.
The Flash memory is guaranteed capable of a minimum of 100,000 write/erase cycles. This means
that if you completely erase and rewrite the SSD drive 10 times a day you have over 27 years before
any problems would occur. Reading the SSD produces no wear at all.
The flash drive is read-only when JP3 is not installed. See Section 12 for more information.

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4.3 Flash Expansion
If 896 KB of Flash is insufficient for your application, an empty 32-pin socket is available for Flash
expansion using an M-Systems DiskOnChip 2000 or DiskOnChip Millennium Flash Drive. This product
is a wonder of miniaturization; it is a complete Flash SSD in a single 32 pin package currently available
in sizes from 8 MB up to 288 MB. The DiskOnChip is available from Technologic Systems as well as
other distributors. It is compatible with DOS as shipped, and drivers for other operating systems are
available.
A DiskOnChip of 16 MB or larger is required for the TS-3200 to run under Linux. For the TS-3200,
Technologic Systems offers a complete Linux Operating System configured for a small footprint that
runs under the Linux kernel.
When using the DiskOnChip, it will simply appear as drive C: The DiskOnChip uses the 8 KB range of
D0000h through D1FFF in memory space. If you are installing a PC/104 daughter card that uses
memory mapped I/O, it must not conflict with this address range if the DiskOnChip is installed. If it is
not installed, there will be no conflict
4.4 Battery-Backed SRAM
The 32-pin socket can also optionally hold 32 KB of battery-backed CMOS SRAM memory. This or the
DiskOnChip may be installed, but not both.
Unlike Flash memory, battery backed SRAM provides non-volatile memory with unlimited write cycles
and no write time degradation. The SRAM uses the 32 KB memory range of D0000h through D7FFFh.
If the SRAM is installed, PC/104 daughter cards that uses memory mapped I/O must not conflict with
this address range.

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5Serial Ports
The two PC compatible asynchronous serial ports provide a means to communicate with external serial
devices such as printers, modems, etc. Each is independently configured as a standard PC COM port
which is compatible with the National Semiconductor’s NS16C450. COM1 appears in the I/O space at
3F8h and uses IRQ4. COM2 is located at 2F8h and uses IRQ3.
The COM ports use a master clock of 1.8519 MHz as compared to a standard clock of 1.8432 MHz.
This results in an error for all baud rates of .0047 (less than ½ %). The error is insignificant and this
clock value allows standard baud rate selections -- for example a divisor of 12 yields 9600 baud.
By changing an internal configuration register in the 386EX, the serial clock can be switched to 12.5
MHz (the processor clock divided by 2). This feature allows baud rates higher than 115 kbaud (up to
781 kbaud), as well as low error, non-standard lower baud rates (such as 24 kbaud). See Appendix F
for further information.
The COM ports may also be configured to use a DMA channel, which is handy when very high baud
rates are being used. When enabled, a DMA request is issued any time a serial port’s receive buffer is
full or its transmit buffer is empty. This allows higher speed operation with much lower CPU overhead.
See the Intel 386EX User's Manual for further details.
5.1 Serial Port Configuration Registers
Because both serial ports are 100% PC compatible, software written for the PC that accesses serial
ports directly or through standard BIOS calls will work without modification on the TS-3200. The details
of the COM port internal registers are available in most PC documentation books or the data sheet for
the National Semiconductor NS16C450 may be consulted.
5.2 Serial Port Hardware
Each serial port has 4 lines buffered: the two data lines
and the CTS / RTS handshake pair. This is quite suffi-
cient to interface with the vast majority of serial devices.
The serial lines are routed to 10 pin headers labeled
COM1 and COM2. A serial adapter cable can be plugged
into the header to convert this into a standard DB9 male
connector. The pin out for the 10 pin header and DB9
male connector are listed below. The RTS signal also
drives the DTR pin on the serial ports; DTR is always the
same state as RTS. In addition, RTS is also used to
enable the RS-485 transmitter (see below for more
details).
5.3 RS-485 Support
An option is available to add support to COM1 for half-duplex RS-485. RS-485 drivers allow commu-
nications between multiple nodes up to 4000 feet (1200 meters) via twisted pair cable. Half-duplex
RS-485 requires one twisted pair plus a Ground connection. Full-duplex RS-485 is not supported on
the TS-3200. Full Duplex is supported by the TS-3300 and TS-5300 products.
For half-duplex operation, a single twisted pair is used for transmitting and receiving. The serial port's
RTS signal controls the RS-485 transmitter/receiver. When RTS is asserted true (bit 1 of the modem
control register = 1), the RS-485 transmitter is enabled and the receiver disabled. When RTS is
deasserted the transmitter is tri-stated (disabled) and the receiver is enabled. Since the transmitter and
receiver are never both enabled, the serial port UART does not receive the data transmitted. The
5V Power 10 5 GND
NC 9 4 DTR (RTS) [out]
[in] CTS 8 3 TX data [out]
[out] RTS 7 2 RX data [in]
RS-485 TX- / RX- * 6 1 RS-485 TX+ / RX+ *
Figure 1 - Serial Port Header and DB9 Pin-
out [signal direction is in brackets]
* RS-485 is optional
PLEASE NOTE: The serial port headers
use a non-standard numbering scheme.
This was done so the header pins would
have the same numbering as the corre-
sponding DB-9 pin; i.e. pin 8 (CTS) on
the header connects to pin 8 on the DB-9

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transmitter and receiver share a single pair of signals that are available on pins 1 and 6 of the COM1
10-pin header, as well as on the 3-pin terminal block connector.
When COM1 is configured for RS-485 usage, the COM1 RS-232 port must not be connected. Data
received on the RS-232 port will corrupt RS-485 data.
It is possible to use COM1 in RS-232 mode even when the
RS-485 option has been ordered. To disable RS-485 (and
enable RS-232) on COM1, simply remove the 8-pin RS-485
transceiver from the 8-pin socket (near the center of the
board).
5.4 Adding Serial Ports
If your project requires more than two serial ports, additional
ports may be added via the PC/104 expansion bus.
Technologic Systems currently offers a 2 serial / 1 parallel
port card, the TS-SER2, and other manufacturers sell cards
with up to four additional serial ports. Typically these would
be configured as COM3 or COM4 or be assigned other non-
standard I/O locations. Because DOS only directly supports
four serial ports, any additional ports beyond four will require
software drivers.
The PC/104 bus has IRQ3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 9 available for additional serial ports. If IRQ3 or 4 are to be
used on a PC/104 expansion card, then care must be taken since COM2 and COM1 also use these
IRQs, respectively. For example, if IRQ4 is used for COM3 then either COM1 must be used in a non-
interrupt fashion or only one COM port can have the interrupt enabled at a time. In any case only one
COM should have the Interrupt Enable (Bit 3 of Modem Control Reg.) set at any one time if they share
the same IRQ. This is a standard problem with the PC architecture. A better solution is to simply use
interrupts other than 3 or 4 for additional serial ports.
RS-485 Quick start procedure:
1. The RS-485 option must be installed
2. Attach the RS-485 cable to pins 1 and
6 of the COM1 header or the 3-pin
RS-485 header.
3. Set the COM1 UART serial
parameters (baud rate, data, parity,
and stop bits, interrupts, etc).
4. To transmit data, assert RTS and
write the data to the UART
5. To receive data, deassert RTS and
read the data from the UART

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6Digital I/O
There are 37 Digital Input/Output (DIO) lines available on the TS-3200. These are available on 3
headers labeled DIO1, DIO2, and LCD. In addition to the DIO signals, each header also has 5 Volt
power and Ground available. The header labeled LCD can be used as 11 DIO lines or as an
alphanumeric LCD interface (See Section 7). 16 of the DIO lines are arranged as two byte-wide ports
that can be programmed as either inputs or outputs in groups of 4-bits. Most of the remaining 21 DIO
lines are fixed as either input or output signals.
6.1 DIO1 Header
The DIO1 port provides +5V, GND, and 12 digital I/O lines that can
be used to interface the TS-3200 to a wide range of devices. Some
of these signals have dual functions, some are input or output only,
while some are programmable (can be either inputs or outputs).
For example, DIO1 pins 6, 11, 12, and 13 are by default IRQ7, IRQ3,
IRQ4, and IRQ5 respectively. These lines can be changed to
general-purpose inputs by changing a configuration register in the
386EX (see Appendix E ). In all cases, these signals can only be
inputs.
DIO1 pins 7 through 10 are COM2 handshake lines that can be used as digital I/O with pins 8 and 9
inputs only and pins 7 and 10 as outputs only. Alternatively, pins 7 through 10 can be used as a
synchronous serial port by changing 386EX configuration registers.
Pin 14 is shared with Jumper 5 (JP5). Pin 14 is used as IRQ 1 when the TS-9500 daughter board is
installed. If JP5 is not being used and the TS-9500 is not installed, it can be used for digital I/O.
Pins 3, 4, 5, and 14 can be programmed as either inputs or outputs. All digital outputs can source or
sink up to 8mA. All digital inputs have standard TTL level thresholds. If configured as inputs, they
should not be driven below 0 Volts or above 3.3 Volts!
All other inputs should not be driven below 0 Volts or above 5.0 Volts.
For further information on configuration and use of these pins, please see Appendix E .
6.2 DIO2 Header
The DIO2 Port provides +5V, GND, and 14 digital I/O lines.
The odd numbered pins 1-15 provide 8 bits of byte-wide digital I/O
addressed at I/O location 7Eh. The upper 4 bits or lower 4 bits can be
independently selected as input or output.
Bits 0 and 1 at I/O location 7Dh controls the direction, when bit 0 = ”0”
the lower 4 bits (pins 1, 3, 5, and 7) are inputs. If bit 0 = “1”, then they
are outputs. These pins have 4.7k ohm resister pull-ups to 5V.
Bit 1 at I/O location 7Dh controls the upper 4 bits (pins 9, 11, 13, and
15) in a like manner.
At reset bits 0 and 1 at I/O location 7Dh are set to zero, which initializes all of these pins as inputs.
Pins 4 and 8 are always outputs and pin 12 is always an input.
Pins 6 and 14 are programmed as inputs or outputs (see Appendix E ).
If pins 6 or 14 are used as inputs they should not be driven below 0 Volts or above 3.3 Volts!
All other inputs should not be driven below 0 volts or above 5.0 Volts.
IRQ1/ P3.2 14 13 IRQ5 / P3.3
IRQ4 / P3.0 12 11 IRQ3 / P3.1
DTR2 / SRXCLK 10 9 RI2 / SRXD
DSR2 / STXCLK 8 7 RTS2 / STXD
IRQ7 / P3.5 6 5 P1.0
P1.5 4 3 P3.6
GND 2 1 5V
Figure 2 – DIO1 Header Pinout
5 V 16 15 DIO 2_7
P1.3 14 13 DIO 2_6
IRQ6 / P3.4 12 11 DIO 2_5
DCD2 10 9 DIO 2_4
RTS1 8 7 DIO 2_3
P1.2 6 5 DIO 2_2
LED_ON 4 3 DIO 2_1
GND 2 1 DIO 2_0
Figure 3 – DIO2 Header Pinout

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6.3 Using LCD Port as Digital I/O
The LCD Port can be used as 11 additional digital I/O lines or it can be used to interface to a standard
alphanumeric LCD display. At system reset, the port defaults to DIO mode. If using an LCD display this
port can be switched to LCD mode by writing a 1 into bit 4 at I/O location 7Dh, or the BIOS c all to
enable the LCD also sets bit 4 at I/O location 7Dh (See Section 7 for LCD mode).
When the LCD port is in DIO mode, pins 3 and 6 are digital inputs, pin 5 is a digital output, and pins 7 –
14 are programmable as either inputs or outputs.
Pins 3 (RS) and 6 (WR) can be read at I/O location 73h bits 7 and 6,
respectively. Pin 5 (EN) is controlled by writing to I/O location 73h bit
0.
Pins 7 –14 can be read or written at I/O location 72h. The direction of
the byte-wide port (pins 7 – 14) at I/O location 72h is controlled by
bits 2 and 3 at I/O location 7Dh. If bit 2 is a zero, then the lower 4
bits (pins 7 – 10) are inputs. If bit 2 is logic 1, then pins 7 – 10 are
outputs. Bit 3 at location 7Dh controls the upper 4 bits, pins 11 – 14
in a like manner.
All digital outputs on this port can source or sink 4 mA and the digital inputs have standard TTL level
thresholds and must not be driven below 0 Volts or above 5.0 Volts.
7LCD Interface
A 14-pin LCD connector is provided on the TS-3200 for interfacing with standard alphanumeric LCD
displays. These displays use a common controller, the Hitachi HD44780 or equivalent. While software
written for the HD44780 will work with all displays using the controller, the cable needed is dependent
on the display used. For most displays, a straight-through type ribbon cable can be used. The
connector on the LCD display is typically mounted on the backside of the display. Warning – using an
incorrect cable or mounting the LCD connector on the front-side can result in a reverse power polarity
and can damage the LCD display. Please refer to your LCD data sheets for in-depth information.
The TS-3200 BIOS incorporates a fairly complete set of INT10h video routines that work with the LCD.
Once the LCD has been enabled (INT15h/Func B042h – see Appendix D ) , the LCD can be written to
using the standard BIOS routines. This includes the
majority of PC languages, such as C and C++. See
the programs included on the utility disk for
examples.
I/O addresses
72h and 73h are
used to access
the LCD. Figure
5shows the header pin-out, while Table 2 lists the
LCD signals. The section below will briefly describe
the LCD interface signals.
The RS signal is simply the buffered A0 address
line. Thus, reads and writes to 72h cause register
select to be low, and those to 73h cause it to be
high. Generally the LCD uses this line to separate
data bytes from command bytes. See your LCD
data sheet for details.
The WR# signal is an active low write enable line.
LCD_6 14 13 LCD_7
LCD_4 12 11 LCD_5
LCD_2 10 9 LCD_3
LCD_0 8 7 LCD_1
WR 6 5 EN
Bias 4 3 RS
GND 2 1 5V
Figure 4 – Pinout for LCD header
when used as DIO
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
Figure 5 - LCD Header Pinout
Pin Function Comments
1 LCD 5V
2 LCD GND
3 RS Register Select (A0)
4 Bias 680 Ohm to GND
5 EN LCD Enable (Active High)
6 WR# Write (Active Low)
7 LCD_1
8 LCD_0
9 LCD_3
10 LCD_2
11 LCD_5
12 LCD_4
13 LCD_7
14 LCD_6
LCD0 – LCD7: Buffered
bi-directional data bus
Table 1 - LCD Header Signals

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EN is an active high signal, raised whenever the LCD addresses are being read or written.
D0 – D7 are bi-directional, buffered copies of the data bus and carry all data and commands to the
LCD.
Figure 5 is not the standard pin-outs given for LCD displays. But this pin-out allows a standard ribbon
cable to be used when the ribbon cable is attached to the backside of the LCD. Example code for the
LCD display is on the utility diskette for the TS-3200.
8Matrix Keypad Support
The DIO2 port, signals DIO2_0 through DIO2_7, may be configured to support a 4 x 4 matrix keypad.
When enabled, BIOS firmware performs all the work, making the matrix keypad appear as a simple 16-
key keyboard to software. This allows the use of standard keyboard access routines. The default set of
keys translated by the BIOS consists of 0 – 9, A – D, *, and #. Because the user is writing the software,
this set of keys is usually sufficient. However, a custom translation table can be loaded, allowing the
use of function keys, arrow keys, or any other key on the keyboard. Please see the sample code
included on the utility disk for further information on the translation table.
Matrix keypad support is enabled or disabled using INT15h, Function B040h (see Appendix D ). Once
enabled, standard keyboard BIOS functions are enabled. Note that console redirection and the matrix
keypad support are mutually exclusive – console redirection must be disabled to use the keypad.
A matrix keypad can be used with console redirection only if the keypad is not used as stdin, but read
from as a hardware device. This is useful if one wishes to use console redirection or to use a keyboard
as stdin. See the utility diskette for example code.
When enabled, the DIO2 signals DIO2_0 through DIO2_7 are not available as general I/O.
9Real Time Clock
The Dallas Semiconductor DS12887 is used for the PC compatible battery-backed real-time clock. It is
a completely self-contained module that includes a Motorola 146818 compatible clock chip, the 32.768
kHz crystal, the lithium battery, and 114 bytes of battery-backed CMOS RAM. It is guaranteed to
maintain clock operation for a minimum of 10 years in the absence of power. It is located at the
standard PC I/O addresses of Hex 070 and 071. The top 32 bytes of battery-backed RAM (index 60h
through 7Fh) are not used by the BIOS and are available for user applications.
10 Watchdog Timer and Software Reset
The Intel 386EX contains a 32-bit watchdog timer (WDT) unit that can be used as a watchdog timer or
as a software reset function. A system reset is asserted when the WDT times out preventing a system
“hanging” due to a software bug. To prevent a WDT timeout, the application must periodically “feed”
the WDT by writing to a specific I/O location (WDTCLR). The value loaded into the 32-bit down-counter
(WDTRLDH and WDTRLDL) allows timeout values as high as 170 seconds. This value will be referred
to as the “Reload Constant”.
The 32-bit “Reload Constant” determines the maximum time allowed between each Watch Dog Feed.
After the WDT has been started, it cannot be turned off and the “Reload Constant “ cannot be
changed. This makes it impossible for a crashed program to cause a system to “hang”.
The following steps outline how to start the Watch Dog Timer:

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1) Write to the upper 16 bits (WDTRLDH at 0F4C0h) of the reload value (the number of clock cycles
before the watchdog timer times out) followed by a write to the lower 16 bits (WDTRLDL at
0F4C2h) of the reload value.
2) Perform a Watch Dog Feed. Write 2 sequential words: 0F01Eh followed by 0FE1h to the watchdog
timer clear register (WDTCLR). The WDTCLR is located at 0F4C8h.
3) Software must periodically perform step two (the Watch Dog Feed) before the watchdog timer
times out to prevent a system reset.
Each increment in the value of the upper 16-bits (WDTRDH) of 32-bit Reload Register adds 2.62 mS to
the Watch Dog Timeout Value. The lower 16 bits (WDTRDL) are insignificant and can be loaded with
zero. This fact allows the following simple method of calculating a “Reload Constant” (assuming a
25MHz 386EX clock):
For example: if a 2 second time-out is desired, then
So WDTRLDH = 02FBh and WDTRLDL = 0000
When the WDT times out, it causes a complete hardware reset to the entire TS-3200 and also asserts
RESETDRV on the PC/104 Bus.
The following code illustrates using the WDT to implement a software reset routine. The WDT is
initialized with a very low “Reload Constant”.
Void main ()
{
const int WDTCLR = 0xF4C8;
const int WDTRLDH = 0xF4C0;
const int WDTRLDL = 0xF4C2;
int n = 0;
outport(WDTRLDH, 0x0001); // Reload Constant = 2.6 mS
outport(WDTRLDL, 0x0000); //
outport(WDTCLR, 0xF01E); // Watch Dog Feed word 1
outport(WDTCLR, 0x0FE1); // Watch Dog Feed word 2
for (n =0; n = 1; )
{ //endless loop…system will
//be reset in about 2.62 milliseconds anyway

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}
return –1;
}
For more information, please see Intel’s 386EX manual, chapter 17, for more information.
11 LED
The TS-3200 has a green LED available for user software. Example uses include diagnostics, status
messages, and simple output. This signal is also available as a digital output on the DIO2 header.
When power is first supplied to the TS-3200, the board mounted LED is immediately turned on under
hardware control. Once the processor begins execution, the LED is turned off, then flashed on and off
again briefly. If the LED does not turn on at all, the most likely problem is the power supply. Check that
the +5V and GND connections are not reversed. A diode protects the board against damage in such a
situation, but it will not run.
BIOS interrupt functions are used to turn the LED on and off. Please see Appendix D for further details
and the utility disk for example code.

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12 Jumpers
With a jumper installed on JP1, the unit switches to Manufacturing Mode. See 14.3 for more
information on Manufacturing Mode.
The default is with no jumper installed.
With a jumper installed on JP2, the TS-3200 redirects all console activity to COM2. With JP2 removed,
COM2 is available as a Com port and all console activity behaves as normal. Section 16 for more
information about console redirection.
The default is with the jumper installed.
With the jumper installed on JP3 on the TS-3200, the on-board flash (drive A:) is read-write. Removing
JP3 results in read-only access to the on-board flash. This is most useful to disable changes to the
flash drive in the end product.
The default is with the jumper installed.
With a jumper installed on JP4, the 386EX clock is throttled to half speed. One advantage of this
feature is that this will reduce the amount of power consumed. Another benefit is for debugging; this
can help resolve timing related issues during development.
The Baud Rate Clock and the PC/104 Bus clocks (SYSCLOCK and OSC) are not affected by JP4. The
internal 386EX Watch Dog Timer, Timer 1, and Timer 2 clocks are affected.
The default is no jumper installed.
JP5 is a jumper reserved for user programs. This jumper is shared with 2 other functions.
Note: If the TS-9500 daughter board is used, then JP5 must not be installed.
Note: JP5 can also not be used if DIO1 Port Pin 14 is being used.
The default is with no jumper installed.
The status of any jumper can be read via a BIOS call. See Appendix D for more details.
Jumper Function
JP1 Manufacturing Mode
JP2 Console Enable on COM2
JP3 Write Enable Drive A:
JP4 Reduce Clock to 12.5 MHz
JP5 User Jumper
Table 2 - Jumper Listing

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13 PC/104 Bus Expansion
The PC/104 is a compact implementation of the PC/AT ISA bus ideal for embedded applications.
Designers benefit from using an already-developed standard,
rather than creating their own. Further, the presence of a compact
form-factor PC compatible standard has encouraged the
development of a broad array of off-the-shelf products, allowing a
very quick time to market for new products.
The electrical specification for
the PC/104 expansion bus is
identical to the PC ISA bus.
The mechanical specification
allows for the very compact
implementation of the ISA bus
tailor made for embedded
systems. The full PC/104
specification is available from
the IEEE Standards Office
under # IEEE P996.1 (see
Appendix G for further
information). Basically, this bus
allows multiple daughter boards
in a 3.6 inch by 3.8-inch form
factor to be added in a self-
stacking bus. Since the
electrical specs are identical
(except for drive levels) to a
standard PC ISA bus, standard
peripherals such as COM ports,
Ethernet, video, LCD drivers,
and Flash drives may be easily
added using standard drivers.
The TS-3200 implements an 8-bit or 16-bit version of the PC/104
bus with a few signals not supported. We have found this allows the
support of the vast majority of PC/104 boards including all of the
above mentioned examples. The one feature missing is DMA,
which few PC/104 boards use.
Pin B19 (normally not used) has been reassigned to be a User Chip Select. This active low signal
decodes the I/O address range 140h through 15Fh, to allow for simple low-cost daughter board
designs. The User Chip Select uses the 386EX CS0. This can be easily programmed to be at any I/O
location or memory range. This pin can also be used for general purpose I/O as bit 0 of Port 2 of the
386EX. All Technologic Systems 3000 and 5000 series products will support this feature.
Pin # Signal Name
B5 -5V
B6 DRQ2
B7 -12V
B8 ENDXFR#
B9 +12V
B15 DACK3# ‡
B16 DRQ3 ‡
B17 DACK1#
B18 DRQ1
B26 DACK2#
B27 TC
Table 3 - Unsupported PC/104 Signals
on the 8-bit Bus
‡ PC/104 expansion cards must not
connect to these pins.
Pin # Signal Name
A1 IRQ1†
A2 - A9 D7 – D0
A10 IOCHRDY
A11 EN
A12 - A31 A19 – A0
A32 GND
B1 GND
B2 RESETDRV
B3 +5V
B4 IRQ9
B11 SMEMW#
B12 SMEMR#
B13 IOW#
B14 IOR#
B19 User Chip Select #
B20 SYSCLK (8.33 MHz)
B21 IRQ7 †
B22 IRQ6 †
B23 IRQ5 †
B24 IRQ4 †
B25 IRQ3 †
B28 BALE
B29 +5V
B30 OSC
B31 GND
B32 GND
Table 4 - Supported PC/104
Signals On the 8-bit Bus
† These signals are also
connected to the DIO ports.
Pin # Signal Name
C1 SBHE#
C2 – C8 LA23 – LA17
C9 MEMR#
C10 MEMW#
C11-18 D8 – D15
D1 MEM16#
D2 IO16#
D7 IRQ14
Table 5 – Supported signals
on the optional 16-bit PC/104

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14 Loading or Transferring Files
Three methods are available for transferring files between a desktop PC and your TS-3200: Compact
Flash (with TS-9500), Zmodem downloads, and Manufacturing Mode. Full descriptions of each are
detailed below. Other programs which use serial ports to transfer should work as well (for example,
FastLynx).
14.1 Developing with Technologic Systems TS-9500
The TS-9500 daughter board features a removable Compact Flash Card that behaves like a standard
IDE drive. This allows two different development methods.
1. Develop on a host system. Transfer files to the TS-3200 via the compact flash card on the TS-
9500. Technologic Systems offers a low-cost SanDisk  USB compact flash card interface for
your host system.
2. Transfer your development tools (e.g. Turbo C) onto the compact flash card. Now you can
compile, debug, and execute right on the TS-3200 target. The TS-9500 also provides full VGA
video, keyboard, and mouse interfaces necessary to work within most environments.
14.2 Zmodem Downloads
Using the Zmodem protocol to send files to and from the TS-3200 is simple and straightforward. The
only requirement is a terminal emulation program that supports Zmodem, and virtually all do. If you are
using Windows 95 or later for your development work, the HyperTerminal accessory works well.
To download a file to the TS-3200 from your host PC, execute DL.BAT at the DOS command line on
the TS-3200 (while using console-redirection from within your terminal emulator) and begin the transfer
with your terminal emulator. In HyperTerminal, this is 'Send File...' from the 'Transfer' menu.
To upload a file from the TS-3200 to your host PC, execute UL.BAT <FILENAME> at the DOS
command line on the TS-3200 and start the transfer in your terminal emulator. Many emulators,
HyperTerminal among them, will automatically begin the transfer themselves.
Occasionally there may be errors in transmission due to background solid state disk operations. This is
not a problem -- Zmodem uses very accurate CRC checks to detect errors and simply resends bad
data. Once the file transfer is complete the file is completely error free.
Please note that the utility used to perform Zmodem file transfers on the TS-3200 side is called DSZ,
produced by Omen Technologies. DSZ is shareware -- it is not free. If you decide to use it, you are
legally obligated to pay Omen Technologies. Currently the cost is $20. Further info is available in the
DSZ zip file located on the utility disk, and contact info for Omen Technologies is in Appendix G.
14.3 Manufacturing Mode
The TS-3200 has a special feature called 'Manufacturing Mode' which makes the on-board Flash SSD
appear as just another drive on your desktop computer using a DOS device driver and a serial cable.
First, connect a null modem cable between COM2 on the TS-3200 and COM1 or COM2 of your
desktop computer. Next, the TS-3200 must be placed in Manufacturing Mode. To do so, install jumper
JP1 and power cycle the unit. Manufacturing Mode will automatically start once the POST routines
have been executed. At this point, the TS-3200 will simply sit and wait for serial packets to arrive from
a host.
Now install the Manufacturing Mode driver on your desktop computer. To do so, simply copy the
MFGDRV.SYS device driver from the utility disk to anywhere on your desktop machine's hard drive.
Then insert the following line in your CONFIG.SYS file and reboot:
DEVICE=<PATH>\MFGDRV.SYS /UNIT=0 /BAUD=38K /PORT=COMX

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Where <PATH> is the full path to the location where you copied the MFGDRV.SYS driver, and X is the
port on your host PC that the null modem cable is connected to (1 or 2).
The Flash SSD drive should now appear on the next free drive letter on your desktop computer
(usually the D: or E: drive). Simply copy your program onto the drive, and that's it!
You can create directories, edit files, and even execute programs on your desktop computer over the
Manufacturing Mode link just the way you would with a regular disk drive, just a bit more slowly.
When you are finished, turn off the TS-3200, remove the jumper, and turn it back on. Your program (if
loaded into the autoexec) will now execute every time the TS-3200 is turned on.
While Manufacturing Mode is in operation, the board LED provides feedback. While idle, the LED will
cycle on and off at approximately 1/2 Hertz. While data is being transferred, it will cycle much more
rapidly (anywhere from 5 to 1000 Hertz)
NOTE: The Manufacturing Mode driver currently does not work correctly with Windows 95 or later.
Please use the Zmodem method if you are using Windows environment. You may need to boot
directly to DOS using the utility diskette supplied with your unit if you wish to use the
Manufacturing Mode method. The utility diskette will boot to DOS ROM 4.04 with the
maufacturing mode driver installed. The flash drive can now be accessed and restored using
the floppy.
15 Debugging
There are two main methods for debugging on the TS-3200: using the integrated BIOS
debugger (INT3) and/or using your development tool's debugger (this usually requires the TS-
9500 video and keyboard).
15.1 Integrated BIOS Debugger
To provide simple, direct access to the TS-3200 hardware, the system BIOS has an integrated
debugger that can perform standard low-level debugger functions. The debugger allows you to perform
operations such as disassemble code, display and alter the contents of memory, write to and read from
I/O ports, and single-step through or breakpoint code. The debugger is not intended for use as the only
debugging tool for applications, but it can be a real lifesaver when you need interactive, direct access
to hardware.
The BIOS debugger can be entered by any of several methods:
• The debugger hooks the CPU exception vectors in case a divide by zero occurs, an invalid opcode
is executed, or an INT 3 instruction is executed, for example. By placing an INT 3 instruction in
your application code the debugger will automatically be invoked. To resume, type the 'G'
command to "GO", or continue on with the rest of initialization.
• From DOS-ROM by typing ‘INT3’ at the command prompt. If the full command.com interpreter is
running, this is an internal command. If only mini-command.com is running, this will execute a small
utility that simply contains an ‘INT 3’ instruction.
• From the BIOS Setup main menu (started by typing ‘ctrl-C’ during the BIOS POST), the ENTER
SYSTEM BIOS DEBUGGER selection will enter the debugger. After use, typing the ‘G’ (go)
command will return to the SETUP screens.
• As a boot action, as a last-ditch effort if the operating system cannot be booted from the
appropriate drives or out of ROM.
A complete discussion of debugger commands is available in the Integrated BIOS Debugger
Reference Manual, included on the TS-3200 Utility Disk and also available from the Technologic
Systems web site. Entering ‘?’ will list all available commands, and a ‘g’ (go) will return execution to the
point where the debugger was called.

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15.2 Using other debuggers
For example, the Turbo C debugger can be used on the target board using the TS-9500 video
and keyboard interfaces. Any other standard PC software debugger of your choice should
work just as well.
16 Video, Keyboard, and Console Redirection
The TS-3200 has no video controller or keyboard interface. This was done to keep the board size small
and the cost low. For applications that require it, a PC/104 video board can be added to the system
easily. Technologic Systems recommends the TS-9500, a PC/104 daughter board with video,
keyboard, mouse, and compact flash. This is extremely useful in speeding up the development phase
and shortening the time to market. With the TS-9500 installed, developers can develop right on the
target board with any compiler or debugger of their choice (such as the Turbo C compiler or debugger).
Without a video board in the system, the TS-3200 can redirect all console activity to the COM2 serial
port. Simply connect an ANSI terminal (or emulator) to COM2 with a null modem cable, using serial
parameters of 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and make sure jumper JP2 is installed. All
text information that would normally be displayed on a video screen is now displayed in your terminal
window, and any serial data sent to the TS-3200 is seen as standard keyboard input by programs.
Please note that the console redirection support is limited by the fact that there is no actual video or
keyboard hardware on the TS-3200. Programs must use the standard BIOS routines for display and
keyboard input, which are rerouted to the serial port. Any program that accesses the video or keyboard
hardware directly will not work. Keyboard redirection is limited simply because most of the extended
keys on the keyboard (function keys and Alt key in particular) are not sent by the terminal emulator. For
these reasons, the console redirection feature is meant more for system development, testing, and
field repair, rather than as the primary user interface for a finished product.
If your application uses COM2, removing the jumper JP2 easily disables console redirection.
If you wish to use a different serial port and / or baud rate for the console, the CONSOLE.EXE utility
allows these modifications to be made. Please see the appropriate application notes for further details,
available on the utility disk or from the Technologic Systems web site.
If a video board is installed on the PC/104 bus, the video BIOS on the graphics card will automatically
replace the standard video routines (INT10h), disabling both the LCD display and the console
redirection to COM2, regardless of the state of jumper JP2. If a video board is present, all console
input is disabled and the TS-3200 will only accept input from a standard PC keyboard.
17 Feedback and Updates to the Manual
To help our customers make the most of our products, we are continually making additional and
updated resources available on the Technologic Systems web site (www.embeddedx86.com). These
include manuals, application notes, programming examples, and updated software and firmware.
Check in periodically to see what's new!
When we are prioritizing work on these updated resources, feedback from customers (and prospective
customers) is the number one influence. If you have questions, comments, or concerns about your TS-
3200 Embedded PC, please let us know. Details for contacting us are listed in the front of this manual.

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Appendix A -Board Diagram and Dimensions
Figure 6 - Board Diagram
Coming Soon
Figure 7 - Board Dimensions (standard PC/104 8-bit
module dimensions)
Coming Soon