Tektronix 575 series User manual
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
Tektronix,
Inc.
S.W.
Millikan
Way
•
P.
O.
Box
500
•
Beaverton,
Oregon
•
Phone
Ml
4-0161
•
Cable :
Tektronix
070-255
WARRANTY
All
Tektronix
in trument
are
warranted
again t
defective
material
and
workman
hip
for
one
year.
Tektronix
tran former ,
manufactured
in
our
own
plant,
are
war
ranted
for
the
life
of
the
in trument.
Any
que tion
with
re pect
to
the
war
ranty
mentioned
above
hould
be
taken
up
with
your
Tektronix
Field
Engineer.
Tektronix
repair
and
replacement-part
ervice
i
geared
directly
to
the
field,
there
fore
all
reque t
for
repair
and
replace
ment
part
hould
be
directed
to
the
Tek
tronix
Field
Office
or
Repre entative
in
your
area.
Thi
procedure
will
a ure
you
the
fa te t
po ible
ervice.
Plea e
include
the
in trument
Type
and
Serial
number
with
all
reque t
for
part
or
ervice.
Specification
and
price
change
priv
ilege
re erved.
Copyright
©
1960
by
Tektronix,
Inc.,
Beaverton,
Oregon.
Printed
in
the
United
State
of
America.
All
right
re erved.
Con
tent
of
thi
publication
may
not
be
repro
duced
in
any
form
without
permi ion
of
the
copyright
owner.
Type
575
CONTENTS
Section
1
Specification
Section
2
Operating
In truction
Section
3
Circuit
De cription
Section
4
Maintenance
Section
5
Recalibration
Section
6
Type
175
Section
7
Acce orie
Section
8
Part
Li t
and
Circuit
Diagram
TYPE
575
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---- -----------
M
Type
575
z
S ECIFICATIONS
General
Description
The
Type
575
Tran i tor
Curve
Tracer
di play
the
dynamic
characteri tic
curve
of
both
junction
and
point-contact
tran
i tor
on
the
creen
of
a
5-inch
cathode-ray
tube.
Several
different
tran i tor
characteri tic
curve
may
be
di played,
including
the
collector
family
in
the
common-ba e
and
com
mon-emitter
configuration.
Regulated
current
or
voltage
tep
are
applied
to
the
input
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t.
A
recti
fied
ine
wave
of
controllable
amplitude
i
u ed
for
the
col
lector
weep.
The
family
of
characteri tic
curve
i
accurately
plotted
a
either
a
repetitive
or
ingle-family
di play.
Tolerance
and
accuracie
a
tated
in
Specifica
tion
ection
and
the
Recalibration
Procedure
of
thi
manual
apply
only
to
Type
575
in trument
above
erial
number
8030.
Operating
Specifications
Collector
Sweep
0-200
volt
minimum
peak
with
1
-ampere
current
curve .
0-20
volt
minimum
peak
with
20-ampere
current
curve .
Base
Step
Generator
Generate
4-12
current-
or
voltage- tep
per
family
of
curve
at
120-
or
240- tep
per
econd
(2-
or
4-time
power-line
frequency)
for
either
repetitive
or
ingle-family
di play .
17
current- tep
range
from
1
uA
/ tep
to
200
m
A
/ tep
±3%.
5
voltage- tep
range
from
.01
volt/ tep
to
.2
volt/ tep
±3%,
with
output
impedance
adju table
from
1
ohm
to
22
thou
and
ohm
±5%.
Vertical
Display
Plot
collector
current
from
0.01
ma/div.
to
1000
ma./div.
±3°/,
in
16
calibrated
tep .
Pu hbutton
provide
multiply
ing
each
current
tep
by
2
or
dividing
by
10,
increa ing
the
current
range
from
0.001
ma./div.
to
2000
ma./div.
±3%.
Plot
ba e
voltage
from
.01
volt/div.
to
.5
volt/div.
±3%
in
6
calibrated
tep .
Plot
ba e
current
or
ba e
ource
volt
with
en itivity
read
from
tep
elector
witch
±3%.
Horizontal
Display
Plot
collector
voltage
from
.01
volt/div.
to
20
volt/div.
±3%
in
11
calibrated
tep .
Plot
ba e
voltage
from
.01
volt/div.
to
.5
volt/idv.
±3%
in
6
calibrated
tep .
Plot
ba e
current
or
ba e
ource
volt
with
en itivity
read
from
tep
collector
witch
±3%.
Other
Features
Compari on
witch
permit
rapid
manual
witching
between
two
tran i tor
for
compari on
te t .
Regulated
power
upplie
and
negative-feedback
amplifier
a ure
the
accuracy
of
the
calibration
and
the
tability
of
the
di play.
Cathode-ray
tube
i
a
Tektronix
T52P.
Accelerating
potential
i
approximately
4
kv.
Pl
pho phor
i
upplied
unle
another
pho phor
i
reque ted.
P2,
P7,
or
Pl
1
pho phor
are
available
at
no
extra
charge.
Differential
input
to
both
vertical
and
horizontal
amplifier
are
available
at
the
rear
of
the
in trument,
or
at
the
Type
175
adaptor
ocket
on
in trument
after
S/N
3659.
The
en itivity
of
each
channel
i
.1
volt/div.
and
the
bandpa
i
approximately
300
kc.
The
rejection
of
a
common-mode
ignal
i
better
than
100:1
with
a
peak-to-peak
ignal
of
10
volt
or
le .
Mechanical
Characteristics
Ventilation
—
Filtered-
forced-air
circulation
maintain
afe
operating
temperature.
Con truction
—
Aluminum-alloy
cha i
and
three-piece
cabinet.
Fini h
—
Photoetched,
anodized
front
panel,
with
blue
vinyl
fini hed
cabinet.
Dimen ion
—
24"
long,
13"
wide,
1
6
3
/
4
’
'high.
Weight
—
Approximately
70
lb .
Power
Requirement
—
105-125
or
210-250
volt ,
50-60
cycle ;
410
watt
maximum
at
117
v,
60
cycle ,
depending
upon
the
type
of
tran i tor
being
te ted,
200
watt
tandby.
Accessories
2
—
Tran i tor
adapter ,
long,
013-010.
2
—
Tran i tor
adapter ,
hort,
013-012.
1
—
3
to
2-wire
adapter,
103-013.
2
—
2N1381
Tran i tor ,
151-039.
1
—
3-conductor
power
cord,
161-010.
1
—
Green
filter,
378-514.
2
—
In truction
Manual .
@®
1-1
NOTES
The
Type
575
i
an
extremely
ver atile
in trument
that
can
be
u ed
to
make
everal
te t
on
a
tran i tor.
It
full
utility
can
only
be
realized,
however,
when
the
operator
under
tand
the
function
of
each
of
the
front-panel
control .
The
front-panel
layout,
hown
in
Fig.
2-1,
i
quite
imple
and
logical,
and
can
be
divided
into
five
main
block .
The e
block
contain
the
control
for
the
Vertical
Amplifier,
the
Horizontal
Amplifier,
the
Collector
Sweep,
the
Ba e
(or
Emit
ter)
Step
Generator
and
Amplifier,
and
the
Tran i tor
Te t
Panel.
The
location
of
each
ection,
a
a
functional
part
of
the
in trument,
i
hown
in
Fig.
2-2.
Notice
the
front
panel
i
in
two
color ...
red
and
blue.
Tho e
part
of
the
panel
etched
in
red
refer
to
the
Collector
voltage
and
current ,
and
tho e
part
etched
in
blue
refer
to
the
Ba e
voltage
and
current .
However,
when
te ting
a
tran i tor
in
the
common-ba e
configuration,
the
emitter
i
tepped
with
voltage
or
current;
in
thi
ca e,
the
blue
print
ing
on
the
front
panel
refer
to
the
Emitter
rather
than
the
Ba e.
Vertical
Block
The
Vertical
block
contain
a
24-po ition
Vertical
Selector
witch
which
elect
the
type
of
ignal,
and
in
ome
ca e
COLLECTOR
SWEE
Fig.
2-1.
Type
575
front-panel
layout.
Each
section
corresponds
to
a
block
in
the
block
diagram.
EXT.
----------
O
TO
175
ADA TOR.
SOCKET
TO
175
ADA TOR.
SOCKET
EXT.
O
Fig.
2-2.
Type
575
functional
block
diagram.
®@l
2-1
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Fig.
2-3.
Function
of
front-panel
vortical-block
control*.
the
amplitude
of
the
ignal,
fed
to
the
Vertical
Amplifier.
When
the
witch
i
in
any
of
the
COLLECTOR
MA
po ition ,
the
collector
current
of
the
tran i tor
appear
a
the
Y
axi
ignal,
provided
the
tran i tor
i
being
te ted
in
the
common
emitter
(EMITTER-GROUNDED)
configuration.
The
2X
and
the
0.1
X
pu hbutton
witche
provide
increa ed
current
mea
urement
range
by
multiplying
each
current
tep
by
2
or
dividing
by
10.
When
te ting
a
tran i tor
in
the
common-ba e
(BASE
GROUNDED)
configuration,
all
of
the
Ba e-indicated
no
menclature
hould
be
read
a
EMITTER,
a
explained
in
the
note
on
the
Tran i tor
Te t
Panel.
When
the
Vortical
Selector
witch
i
in
the
BASE
CURRENT
OR
BASE
SOURCE
VOLTS
po ition,
either
the
ba e
current
or
the
ba e
ource-voltage
i
monitored
a
the
Y
ignal
de
pending
on
the
etting
of
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
in
the
Step
Generator
ection.
(In
the
common-ba e
configuration,
thi
would
be
either
the
emitter
current
or
the
emitter
ource
voltage).
In
the
EXT.
po ition
of
the
Vertical
Selector
witch,
the
Y
ignal
mu t
be
obtained
from
an
external
te t
point,
rather
than
from
the
Tran i tor
Te t
Panel.
Two
external-input
con
nector
are
provided
on
the
rear
panel
of
the
in trument,
one
for
normal
polarity
and
one
for
inverted
polarity
ignal .
Or,
if
preferred,
both
connector
may
be
employed
for
dif
ferential
input.
For
in trument
with
S/N
3660
and
up
the e
connection
are
obtainable
through
the
Type
175
adaptor
ocket.
The
POSITION
control
i
ju t
what
the
name
implie ;
it
po ition
the
trace
or
di play
vertically
on
the
crt.
The
DC
BAL.
control
i
adju ted
to
maintain
a
tate
of
de
balance
between
both
ide
of
the
Vertical
Amplifier.
Thi
prevent
the
di play
from
hifting
vertically
a
the
input
en itivity
of
the
amplifier
i
changed
in
either
the
COLLECTOR
MA
or
BASE
VOLTS
(or
EMITTER
VOLTS)
range.
The
AMPLIFIER
CALIBRATION
witch
i
u ed
to
check
the
gain
etting
(calibration)
of
the
Vertical
Amplifier.
In
the
ZERO
CHECK
po ition
both
grid
of
the
Input
Amplifier
aro
grounded
Io
e tabli h
a
zero
reference
on
the
crt.
In
the
—
10
DIVISIONS
po ition,
one
grid
i
connected
through
a
divider
to
a
—
150-volt
upply.
If
the
Amplifier
i
in
proper
calibration,
the
trace
will
be
deflected
exactly
ten
divi ion
below
the
zero
reference.
Horizontal
Block
The
control
in
the
Horizontal
block
are
imilar
to
tho e
in
the
Vertical
block.
A
19-po ilion
Horizontal
Selector
witch
elect
the
type
of
ignal,
and
in
ome
ca e
the
amplitude
of
the
ignal
fed
to
the
Horizontal
Amplifier.
When
in
any
of
the
COLLECTOR
VOLTS
po ition ,
the
voltage
applied
to
the
collector
of
the
tran i tor
i
the
X-axi
ignal.
When
in
any
of
the
BASE
VOLTS
po ition ,
the
voltage
applied
to
the
ba e
of
the
tran i tor
i
the
X
ignal.
In
the
BASE
CURRENT
OR
BASE
SOURCE
VOLTS
po ition,
either
the
ba e
current
or
the
ba e
ource-voltage,
depending
on
the
etting
of
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
in
the
Step
Generator
block,
i
monitored
a
the
X
ignal.
A
explained
in
conjunction
with
the
Verti
cal
block,
the
BASE-indicated
nomenclature
i
u ed
when
te ting
tran i tor
in
the
common-emitter
configuration.
When
the
common-ba e
configuration
i
u ed,
the
word
'BASE'
on
the
front-panel
hould
be
read
a
EMITTER
’
.
When
the
Horizontal
Selector
witch
i
in
the
EXT.
po ition,
the
function
i
exactly
the
ame
a
that
explained
for
the
Vertical
Selector
witch.
In
addition,
the
function
of
the
PO
SITION,
DC
BAL.
and
AMPLIFIER
CALIBRATION
witche
i
exactly
the
ame
a
that
explained
for
the
Vertical
block.
2-2
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Fig.
2-4.
Function
of
front-panol
horizontal-block
confroll.
Collector
Sweep
Block
The
PEAK
VOLTS
RANGE
witch
elect
one
of
two
peak
voltage
range
for
weeping
the
collector
of
the
tran i tor.
In
the
0-20
po ition,
the
peak
voltage
can
be
varied
between
zero
and
20
volt
by
mean
of
the
PEAK
VOLTS
control;
in
the
0-200
po ition,
the
voltage
i
variable
between
zero
and
200
volt .
The
POLARITY
witch
determine
whether
po i
tive-going
or
negative-going
weep
are
applied
to
the
col
lector.
The
DISSIPATION
LIMITING
RESISTOR
witch
con
nect
one
of
the
indicated
re i tance
value
in
erie
with
the
collector
to
limit
the
collector
di ipation
and
thereby
protect
the
tran i tor
from
exce ive
power
di ipation.
The
value
of
re i tance
elected
al o
become
part
of
the
tran
i tor
load,
o
explained
under
“
Tran i tor
Load
Re i tance"
on
the
top-panel
chart.
2-3
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Step
Generator
Block
The
Step
Generator
block
contain
a
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
which
determine
the
type
(current
or
voltage)
and
the
am-
p
itude
of
the
tep
applied
to
the
ba e
or
the
emitter
of
the
tran i tor.
The
SERIES
RESISTOR
witch
connect
the
elected
value
of
re i tance
in
erie
with
the
Step
Generator
when
voltage
tep
are
u ed.
The
value
of
re i tance
elected
may
be
u ed
to
imulate
the
driving
impedance
of
the
circuit
into
which
the
tran i tor
may
be
u ed.
(In
the
1Q
po ition
of
the
SERIES
RESISTOR
witch,
no
re i tance
i
added
to
the
circuit;
in
thi
ca e
the
driving
impedance
i
the
1-ohm
internal
im
pedance
of
the
Step
Generator.)
A
POLARITY
witch
provide
for
tepping
the
input
in
cither
the
po itive
or
negative
direction.
The
number
of
tep
per
family
i
adju table
from
4
to
12
(actually
from
5
to
13
count
ing
the
zero
tep)
by
mean
of
the
STEPS/FAMILY
control.
With
the
STEPS/SEC
witch,
cither
120
or
240
tep
per
ec
ond
can
be
elected.
In
the
upper
120
po ition,
the
current
or
voltage
tep
occur
when
the
collector
voltage
i
zero;
in
the
lower
120
po ition
of
the
witch,
the
tep
occur
when
the
collector
voltage
i
maximum.
In
the
240
po ition,
the
tep
occur
both
at
zero
and
at
maximum
(of
the
collector
voltage);
thi
account
for
the
double
repetition
rate
in
thi
po ition.
A
witch
i
provided
on
the
Step
Generator
block
for
e
lecting
either
a
REPETITIVE
or
o
SINGLE
FAMILY
di play.
The
REPETITIVE
po ition
provide
a
continuou
di play
for
te ting
a
tran i tor
ot
or
below
it
rated
value .
The
SINGLE
FAMILY
po ition
will
provide
a
ingle
di play
each
time
the
pring-loaded
witch
i
depre ed.
The
low
duly
cycle,
in
thi
po ition
of
the
witch,
will
permit
the
operator
to
te t
a
tran i tor
beyond
it
rating
without
damage.
Another
witch
i
provided
for
grounding
the
tran i tor
in
put
for
a
ZERO
VOLTAGE
check,
or
for
opening
the
tran i
tor
input
for
a
ZERO
CURRENT
check.
The
STEP
ZERO
control
adju t
the
tarting
point
of
the
current
or
voltage
tep .
Transistor
Test
anel
The
Tran i tor
Te t
Panel
ha
provi ion
for
two
tran i tor
at
the
ame
time.
The
two
ocket
accept
low-power
tran
i tor
with
hort
lead .
The
binding
po t ,
located
on
either
ide
of
the
mall
ocket ,
accept
two
type
of
plug-in
adapt
er ;
one
type
of
adapter
i
for
power
tran i tor
with
rigid
lead ,
the
other
type
i
for
tran i tor
with
long,
flexible
lead .
For
tran i tor
that
will
not
fit
either
type
of
adapter,
direct
connection
with
le t
lead
may
be
made
to
the
bind
ing
po t .
For
power
tran i tor
that
fall
into
the
latter
cate
gory,
it
may
be
advi able
to
devi e
a
heat
ink
to
protect
the
tran i tor.
By
mean
of
a
compari on
witch,
either
tran i tor
(TRAN
SISTOR
A
or
TRANSISTOR
B)
con
be
connected
into
the
te t
circuit.
A
Configuration
witch
rever e
the
ba e
and
emitter
connection
for
the
transistor
sockets
only.
In
the
EMITTER
GROUNDED
po ition,
the
tran i tor
i
te ted
in
the
common
emitter
configuration
and
the
front-panel
label
are
read
directly.
In
the
BASE
GROUNDED
po ition,
the
tran i tor
i
te ted
in
the
common-ba e
configuration
and
the
BASE
label
on
the
front
panel
arc
read
a
EMITTER.
If
it
i
de ired
to
le t
a
tran i tor
in
the
common-ba e
con
figuration,
when
u ing
the
binding
po t
(with
or
without
the
adapter ),
tho
ba e
lead
mu t
be
plugged
into
the
grounded
connector
marked
E
and
the
emitter
lead
mu t
be
plugged
into
the
connector
marked
B.
Fig.
2-6.
Function
of
base-step
generator
controls.
2-4
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
FIs
2-7.
Function
of
tott-panel
controls.
Setting
Up
The
Front- anel
Controls
In
di playing
tran i tor
curve
on
the
Type
575
we
are
concerned
with
two
con ideration .
..
properly
di playing
the
curve
we
wi h
to
interpret,
and
protecting
the
tran i tor
un
der
to t
from
damage.
If
we
know
quite
a
bit
about
the
tran i tor.
..
that
i ,
if
we
know
uch
factor
a
the
collector
di ipation
rating,
col
lector
current
and
emitter
current
rating ,
colloctor-fo-ba c
and
collector-to-cmitler
voltage
rating .
.
.then
we
can
et
up"
the
front-panel
of
the
in trument
without
danger
of
damag
ing
the
tran i tor.
However,
if
all
we
know
i
whether
the
tran i tor
i
an
NPN
or
a
PNP,
more
care
mu t
be
exerci ed
when
etting
up
the
front-panel
control .
The
General
Procedure
that
follow
i
an
outline
of
the
tep
involved
in
etting
up
the
front-panel
control
to
obtain
a
collector
family
of
curve .
Following
the
General
Proce
dure
i
a
tep
by
tep
procedure
for
etting
up
the
control
for
a
tran i tor
of
unknown
characteri tic ,
to
obtain
a
col
lector
family,
and
then
a
procedure
for
obtaining
a
collector
family
for
a
tran i tor
of
known
characteri tic .
General
rocedure
Indicator
Unit
1.
The
INTENSITY
control
i
turned
to
mid- cale;
thi
will
prevent
damage
to
the
ert
pho phor
when
the
power
i
turned
on.
2.
The
POWER
witch
i
turned
ON,
o
that
the
in tru
ment
can
be
warming
up
while
it
i
being
et
up
for
u e.
Test
anel
3.
The
Configuration
witch
i
et
to
the
EMITTER
GROUNDED
po ition
(if
a
common-emitter
configura
tion
i
de ired).
4.
The
Compari on
witch
(TRANSISTOR
A-TRANSISTOR
B)
i
et
to
the
center
po ition;
thi
prevent
the
appli
cation
of
any
voltage
or
current
to
the
tran i tor
ocket.
Collector
Sweep
Block
5.
The
POLARITY
witch
i
et
to
the
proper
polarity
for
an
NPN
or
a
PNP
tran i tor.
6.
The
DISSIPATION
LIMITING
RESISTOR
witch
i
et
to
the
proper
value
to
prevent
exce ive
collector
di i
pation.
7.
The
PEAK
VOLTS
RANGE
and
the
PEAK
VOLTS
witche
are
et
for
the
proper
amplitude
of
collector
weep
voltage.
Base
Step
Generator
Block
8.
The
Di play
witch
i
et
to
REPETITIVE
o
that
we
may
view
a
continuou
di play.
9.
The
STEPS/FAMILY
control
i
adju ted
for
the
number
of
curve
we
wi h
to
di play.
10.
The
POLARITY
witch
i
et
to
—
if
the
tran i tor
under
te t
i
a
PNP
( ince
we
are
in
the
grounded-emitter
con
figuration),
or
to
4-
if
an
NPN
tran i tor
(again
in
the
grounded-emitter
configuration).
11.
The
STEPS/SEC.
witch
i
et
for
the
de ired
tep
rate
of
the
Ba e
Step
Generator
(either
120
or
240
tep /
econd).
12.
The
STEP
SELECTOR
i
et
for
the
current
per
tep
or
voltage
per
tep
that
we
wi h
to
apply
to
the
ba e.
12.(c)
If
voltage
tep
ore
applied
to
the
ba e
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t,
the
proper
value
of
SERIES
RESIS
TOR
mu t
be
witched
into
the
circuit
to
limit
the
ba e
current.
2-5
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Conclusion
13.
The
VERTICAL
en itivity
for
the
collector
current
i
et
by
adju ting
the
COLLECTOR
MA/DIVISION
witch.
14.
The
HORIZONTAL
en itivity
for
the
collector
voltage
i
et
by
adju ting
the
COLLECTOR
VOLTS/DIV.
witch.
15.
The
tran i tor
to
be
te ted
i
placed
in
the
ocket
or
binding
po t
(either
A
or
B)
and
the
Compari on
witch
et
to
either
TRANSISTOR
A
or
TRANSISTOR
B
(depend
ing
on
which
ocket
or
binding
po t
i
u ed).
Thi
con
nect
the
tran i tor
into
the
te t
circuit.
16.
The
INTENSITY,
FOCUS
and
ASTIGMATISM
control
are
adju ted
for
a
di play
of
uitable
brightne
and
clarity.
17.
The
calibration
of
the
horizontal
and
vertical
amplifier
i
checked.
18.
The
di play
i
properly
po itioned
for
interpretation.
Testing
a
Transistor
of
Unknown
Characteristics
To
obtain
a
collector
family
for
a
tran i tor
of
unknown
characteri tic ,
the
following
control
etting
will
afford
max
imum
protection.
We
are
a uming
that
the
type
of
tran
i tor
i
known
(NPN
or
PNP),
and
that
it
i
to
be
te ted
in
the
grounded-emitter
configuration.
Test
anel
Configuration
Switch
Compari on
Switch
EMITTER
GROUNDED
Centered
Collector
Sweep
Block
PEAK
RANGE
VOLTS
PEAK
VOLTS
POLARITY
DISSIPATING
LIMITING
0-20
0
Set
according
to
type
of
tran i tor
being
te ted.
RESISTOR
100
K
Base
Step
Generator
Block
Di play
Switch
STEPS/FAMILY
POLARITY
STEPS/SEC.
STEP
SELECTOR
SERIES
RESISTOR
REPETITIVE
4
(full
left)
Set
according
to
type
of
tran i tor
being
te ted.
Any
etting
.001
MA
per
STEP,
or
.01
VOLTS
per
STEP
22
K
SERIES
RESISTOR
witch
i
not
connected
in
the
circuit
when
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
i
in
MA
per
STEP
range.
Place
the
tran i tor
to
be
te ted
in
either
the
ocket
or
binding
po t
on
the
left
ide
of
the
Te t
Panel,
and
place
the
Compari on
witch
in
the
TRANSISTOR
A
po ition.
Ad
ju t
the
INTENSITY
and
POSITION
control
for
a
crt
indica
tion
near
the
upper
right
corner
of
the
graticule
for
PNP
or
lower
left
corner
for
NPN.
At
thi
time
each
of
the
control
mentioned
in
the
front-panel
et-up
can
be
adju t,
one
po i
tion
at
a
time,
until
a
uitable
di play
i
obtained
on
the
crt.
A
oon
a
an
indication
of
a
collector
family
of
curve
be
come
apparent
on
the
crt,
it
will
probably
be
nece ary
to
repo ition
the
di play
to
properly
interpret
the
value
of
voltage
and
current.
Testing
a
Transistor
of
Known
Characteristics
To
demon trate
the
front-panel
et-up
for
a
tran i tor
of
known
characteri tic ,
we
have
elected
a
2N407
PNP
tran
i tor.
Note:
The
te t
tran i tor
furni hed
with
your
in tru
ment
are
a
imilar
type.
Test
anel
Compari on
Switch
Configuration
Switch
Centered
EMITTER
GROUNDED
2.
Collector
Sweep
Block
The
PEAK
VOLTS
RANGE
and
the
PEAK
VOLTS
control
are
et
for
the
peak
voltage
with
which
we
wi h
to
weep
the
collector.
If
we
wi h
thi
to
be
10
volt ,
the
control
are
et
a
follow :
PEAK
VOLTS
RANGE
0-20
PEAK
VOLTS
10
POLARITY
PNP
—
The
value
of
the
DISSIPATION
LIMITING
RESISTOR
de
pend
on
the
maximum
collector
di pation
and
the
collector
weep
voltage.
The
tran i tor
manual
tate
that
the
maxi
mum
collector
di pation,
for
25°
C
ambient
temperature,
i
150mw.
Con ulting
the
RESISTOR
SELECTION
GRAPH
on
the
in trument,
the
proper
value
of
re i tance,
for
a
collector
di ipation
of
150
mw
and
a
peak
collector
voltage
of
10
volt ,
i
200
ohm .
Therefore:
DISSIPATION
LIMITING
RESISTOR
200
The
remainder
of
the
control
are
et
for
the
condition
under
which
we
wi h
to
te t
the
tran i tor.
Base
Step
Generator
Block
Di play
Switch
STEPS/FAMILY
POLARITY
STEPS/SEC.
STEPS
SELECTOR
REPETITIVE
4
240
.02
MA
per
STEP
Indicator
Unit
VERTICAL
COLLECTOR
MA
.01
HORIZONTAL
COLLECTOR
VOLTS
.01
Indicator
Unit
VERTICAL
COLLECTOR
MA
HORIZONTAL
COLLECTOR
VOLTS
2-6
®@2
.5
1
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Fig.
2-8.
Collector
family
of
curves
for
a
Type
2N407
transistor.
A
I
■n
+H+
■
■
a
a*
*i
a
i
i
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
•
a
aati
mt
tttt
IIH.
JI
tt
TTTT
I
III
TfTf
»"
“
I
In ert
a
te t
tran i tor
into
the
ocket
on
the
left
ide
of
the
Te t
Panel,
and
place
the
Compari on
Switch
in
the
TRAN-
i tor
A
po ition.
Adju t
the
INTENSITY,
FOCUS
and
ASTIGMATISM
control
for
a
di play
of
uitable
brightne
and
clarity.
The
di play
hould
then
be
imilar
to
the
collector
family
hown
in
Fig.
2-8.
How
To
Check
The
Calibration
of
The
Display
Before
quantative
information
i
taken
from
the
di play,
a
check
hould
be
made
to
ee
that
the
calibration
of
the
vertical
and
horizontal
cale
i
correct.
The
tability
of
the
amplifier
i
uch
that
the
in trument
will
remain
in
calibra
tion
over
long
period
of
time
if
there
are
no
component
failure .
The
di play
mu t
al o
be
properly
po itioned.
NOTE:
When
you
check
the
calibration
of
thi
in
trument,
calibrate
it,
or
take
information
from
the
di play,
be
ure
your
eye
i
at
the
ame
level
a
the
line
at
which
you
are
looking
in
order
to
avoid
error
due
to
parallax.
Hold
the
VERTICAL
AMPLIFIER
CALIBRATION
witch
in
the
ZERO
CHECK
po ition
and
et
the
horizontal
line
even
with
the
top
line
of
the
10-divi ion
graticule.
Next,
hold
thi
witch
in
the
—
10
DIVISIONS
po ition.
The
horizontal
line
hould
be
within
1
}
/
2
minor
divi ion
of
the
bottom
line
of
the
graticule
if
the
calibration
i
within
tolerance.
Now
hold
the
HORIZONTAL
AMPLIFIER
CALIBRATION
witch
in
the
ZERO
CHECK
po ition
and
et
the
vertical
line
even
with
the
extreme
right
vertical
line
of
the
graticule.
Next,
hold
thi
witch
in
the
—
10
DIVISIONS
po ition.
The
vertical
line
hould
move
to
within
1
y
2
minor
divi ion
of
the
extreme
left
vertical
line
of
the
graticule.
®@2
Since
current
tep
are
being
fed
into
the
ba e
of
the
tran
i tor
under
te t,
it
i
ometime
de irable
to
adju t
the
STEP
ZERO
control
(BASE
STEP
GENERATOR)
to
a
point
where
the
fir t
horizontal
trace
occur
when
the
ba e
current
i
zero.
To
do
thi ,
it
i
nece ary
to
have
an
open-circuit
or
zero
ba e
current
reference
line.
Hold
the
ZERO
CURRENT-ZERO
VOLTS
witch
in
the
ZERO
CURRENT
po ition
and
note
preci ely
where
the
horizontal
trace
inter ect
the
vertical
center
line
of
the
graticule.
Now
relea e
the
ZERO
CURRENT
witch
and
adju t
the
STEP
ZERO
control
o
that
the
top
line
of
the
di play
inter ect
the
vertical
center
line
of
the
graticule
at
the
ame
place.
Applying
Voltage
Steps
to
the
Transistor
Input
The
control
etting
u ed
in
thi
di play
are
the
ame
a
for
the
previou
di play
except
for
the
following:
SERIES
RESISTOR
1
ohm
STEP
SELECTOR
.02
VOLTS
PER
STEP
VERTICAL
COLLECTOR
MA
.05
MA
PER
DIVISION
If
a
complete
and
accurate
di play
i
de ired,
the
di play
hould
be
properly
po itioned
by
the
method
outlined
in
the
next
two
paragraph .
Hold
the
amplifier
calibration
witch
(VERTICAL
BLOCK)
in
the
ZERO
CHECK
po ition
and
move
the
trace
to
the
top
line
of
the
rectangular
graticule.
Thi
operation
et
the
zero
collector-current
reference.
Now
depre
the
ZERO
CUR
RENT-ZERO
VOLTS
witch
(BASE
STEP
GENERATOR)
in
order
to
ground
the
tran i tor
ba e.
The
vertical
di placement
of
the
horizontal
trace
from
the
zero-current
reference
indicate
the
collector
current
at
zero
bia
with
a
calibration
of
.05
ma.
per
major
divi ion.
The
STEP
ZERO
control
(BASE
STEP
GENERATOR)
mu t
now
be
et
o
that
the
uppermo t
curve
(zero
bia )
in
the
family
of
curve
coincide
with
the
po ition
of
the
ingle
curve
ju t
di played.
The
family
of
curve
now
on
the
crt
creen
i
that
of
collector
current
ver u
collector
voltage
with
20-millivolt
tep
applied
to
the
tran i tor
ba e.
Special
precaution
hould
be
taken
when
voltage
tep
are
fed
to
the
input
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t.
Since
the
input
re i tance
of
a
tran i tor
i
quite
nonlinear
over
it
op
erating
range,
it
i
important
that
the
number
of
voltage
tep
u ed
doe
not
cau e
exce ive
ba e
current
to
flow.
There
are
two
control
which
influence
the
maximum
ba e
current
for
a
elected
value
of
voltage- tep
amplitude.
One
i
the
STEPS/FAMILY
control,
which
hould
be
et
to
4
for
an
initial
te t
et-up.
The
other
i
the
SERIES
RESISTOR
witch,
which
allow
you
to
in ert
a
protective
current-limiting
re i tor
in
the
tran i tor
input
lead.
Exce ive
erie
re i tance
will
eri
ou ly
alter
the
characteri tic
curve
di played,
therefore
it
effect
hould
be
taken
into
con ideration
before
interpreting
curve
where
voltage
tep
are
being
fed
into
the
tran i tor
input.
The
SERIES
RESISTOR
may
al o
be
u ed
to
imulate
driving
impedance .
When
erie
re i tance
i
u ed,
it
may
not
be
po ible
to
make
the
top
curve
of
the
di play
coincide
with
the
zero-bia
curve.
2-7
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Characteristics
of
the
Base
Step
Generator
The
large t
current
tep
the
ba e
generator
can
upply
are
200
ma.
each.
Since
up
to
12
tep
are
available,
the
maximum
current
thi
upply
will
deliver
i
therefore
2.4
am
pere .
Becau e
of
nece ary
re triction
on
the
ize
of
the
power
ource
for
the
internal
tran i tor
u ed
to
deliver
the
current
tep ,
the
input
characteri tic
of
the
power
tran i tor
under
te t
mu t
be
uch
that
the
ba e
to
emitter
voltage
doe
not
exceed
5
volt
when
the
ba e
current
i
2.4
ampere .
The
minimum
ource
re i tance
of
the
tep
generator
in
the
VOLTS/STEP
range
of
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
i
one
ohm
(SERIES
RESISTOR
et
at
1
ohm).
Thi
i
a
con tant
mini
mum
ource
re i tance
irre pective
of
the
ize
of
the
voltage
tep .
The
ource
re i tance
increa e
a
re i tance
i
witch
ed
in
erie
by
the
SERIES
RESISTOR
witch.
When
power
tran i tor
are
driven
into
the
high
ba e-cur-
rent
region,
their
input
re i tance
i
often
low
enough
to
cau e
the
input
tep
to
become
non-uniform
in
ize.
Under
the e
condition ,
it
i
be t
to
check
the
uniformity
of
the
volt
age
tep
by
di playing
the
ba e
voltage
on
either
the
verti
cal
or
horizontal
axi .
A
quick
check
of
generator
loading
may
be
made
by
changing
the
etting
of
the
SERIES
RESIS
TOR
witch
from
1
ohm
to
3.4
ohm
while
collector
charac
teri tic
are
being
di played.
A
radical
hift
in
the
po ition
of
the
trace
di playing
the
highe t
collector
current
would
indicate
a
low
input
re i tance
and
the
po iblity
of
non-
uniform
voltage
input
tep
in
the
1
ohm
po ition.
Functions
of
Controls
and
Switches
All
de cription
given
below
pre ume
that
the
tran i tor
under
te t
i
in
the
grounded-emitter
configuration
and
that
the
power-line
frequency
i
60
CPS.
Base
Step
Generator
Block
REPETITIVE-OFF-SINGLE-FAMILY.
In
the
REPETITIVE
po ition,
the
Ba e
Step
Generator
produce
tair- tep
waveform .
A
characteri tic
curve
i
plotted
during
each
horizontal
portion
of
the
tair- tep
waveform.
In
the
OFF
po ition,
the
BASE
STEP
GENERATOR
i
di abled.
The
SINGLE
FAMILY
po ition
i
a
pring-return
po ition
which
permit
the
generation
of
one
tair- tep
waveform
each
time
the
witch
handle
i
depre ed.
STEPS/FAMILY.
Determine
the
number
of
tep
in
each
family
of
curve .
POLARITY.
Select
the
polarity
of
the
tair- tep
waveform
to
be
applied
to
the
tran i tor
under
te t.
STEPS/SEC.
Select
the
tep -per- econd
rate
of
the
Ba e
Step
Generator
a
well
a
determining
whether
the
tep
occur
at
the
beginning
or
at
the
end
of
each
curve.
SERIES
RESISTOR.
Thi
witch
function
only
when
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
i
in
the
VOLTS
PER
STEP
po ition.
It
per
mit
the
imulation
of
the
ource
impedance
of
the
circuit
in
which
the
tran i tor
under
te t
i
to
be
u ed.
The
SERIES
RESISTOR
may
al o
be
u ed
a
a
protective
device
to
limit
the
current
that
might
otherwi e
be
inadvertently
applied
to
the
tran i tor
ba e.
STEP
SELECTOR.
Select
the
magnitude
of
either
voltage
or
current-per- tep
to
be
applied
to
the
tran i tor
under
te t.
STEP
ZERO.
The
STEP
ZERO
control
permit
adju tment
of
the
Step
Generator
to
tart
on
the
zero-current
or
zero
volt
curve
of
the
di play.
ZERO
CURRENT
—
ZERO
VOLTS.
In
the
ZERO
CURRENT
po ition,
the
connection
to
the
ba e
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t
i
broken.
The
curve
di played
how
the
open-ba e
characteri tic
of
the
tran i tor.
In
the
ZERO
VOLTS
po i
tion,
the
ba e
i
grounded
to
permit
examination
of
the
zero-bia
characteri tic .
Collector
Sweep
Block
PEAK
VOLTS
RANGE.
Select
appropriate
power
ource
to
give
collector
weep
voltage
and
current
range
indicated.
Operate
in
conjunction
with
PEAK
VOLTS
control.
PEAK
VOLTS
APPROXIMATE.
Variable
autotran former
in
the
primary
of
the
collector
weep
tran former.
Operate
in
conjunction
with
PEAK
VOLTS
RANGE.
CIRCUIT
BREAKER.
Protect
the
collector
weep
circuit
from
exce ive
overload
current .
POLARITY.
Select
the
polarity
of
the
collector
weep
to
be
applied
to
the
tran i tor
under
te t.
DISSIPATION
LIMITING
RESISTOR.
Select
a
protective
erie
re i tor
for
the
collector
circuit
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t.
Thi
re i tance
may
be
u ed
a
the
collector
load
re i tor
to
imulate
operating
condition
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t.
Refer
to
chart
on
top
panel.
Vertical
Block
CURRENT
OR
VOLTAGE
PER
DIVISION.
COLLECTOR
MA.
Select
the
collector-current
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t
for
the
vertical
di play.
Different
witch
po ition
within
thi
range
change
the
calibration
of
the
vertical
di play
by
changing
the
value
of
an
internal
current- ampling
re
i tance.
2X.
Pu hbutton
witch
multiplie
each
current
tep
by
2.
0.1X.
Pu hbutton
witch
divide
each
current
tep
by
10.
BASE
VOLTS.
Select
the
ba e
voltage
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t
for
the
vertical
di play.
The
en itivity
i
determined
by
the
re i tance
of
an
attenuator
in
the
vertical
amplifier.
BASE
CURRENT
OR
BASE
SOURCE
VOLTS.
Ba e
current
i
di played
vertically
when
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
(BASE
STEP
GENERATOR)
i
in
the
MA
PER
STEP
range.
The
cali
bration
of
the
vertical
di play
i
that
indicated
by
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
except
that
it
i
al o
in
milliampere
per
major
divi ion
a
well
a
milliampere
per
tep.
2-8
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
The
ba e- ource
voltage
i
di played
vertically
when
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
i
in
the
VOLTS
PER
STEP
range.
The
di play
i
that
of
the
voltage
tep
which
are
occuring
ahead
of
the
SERIES
RESISTOR.
The
calibration
i
indi
cated
by
the
STEP
SELECTOR
witch
except
that
it
i
al o
in
volt
per
major
divi ion
a
well
a
volt
per
tep.
EXT.
Thi
witch
po ition
permit
the
vertical
de
amplifier
to
be
driven
by
an
external
ignal
applied
through
connector
on
the
back
panel
of
the
in trument,
or
on
in trument
after
S/N
3659
through
the
pin
of
the
Type
175
adaptor
ocket.
The
external
ignal
may
be
either
ingle-ended
or
pu h-pull.
POSITION.
Thi
control
permit
the
di play
to
be
moved
vertically
over
the
entire
face
of
the
ert
without
introduc
ing
di tortion
into
the
di play.
AMPLIFIER
CALIBRATION.
A
three-po ition
witch
with
two
pring-return
po ition
u ed
to
check
the
ZERO
po ition
and
the
calibration
of
the
vertical
amplifier.
DC
BAL.
Thi
control
i
adju ted
to
permit
changing
of
the
amplifier
en itivity
without
changing
the
po ition
of
the
di play.
Horizontal
Block
VOLTS/DIV.
BASE
VOLTS.
Select
the
ba e
voltage
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t
for
the
horizontal
di play.
The
en i
tivity
i
determined
by
the
re i tance
of
an
attenuator.
COLLECTOR
VOLTS.
Select
the
voltage
on
the
collector
of
the
tran i tor
under
te t
for
the
horizontal
di play.
The
variou
witch
po ition
in
thi
range
either
change
the
gain
of
the
horizontal
amplifier
or
introduce
attenuation
of
the
collector
voltage
ignal
applied
to
the
input
of
the
horizontal
amplifier.
BASE
CURRENT
OR
BASE
SOURCE
VOLTS.
The
de cription
of
thi
witch
po ition
i
the
ame
a
that
given
in
the
VERTICAL
BLOCK
under
the
ame
heading,
except
that
the
di play
i
horizontal
in tead
of
vertical.
EXT.
The
de cription
of
thi
witch
po ition
i
the
ame
a
that
given
in
the
VERTICAL
BLOCK
under
the
ame
head
ing,
except
that
the
di play
i
horizontal
in tead
of
vert
ical.
POSITION.
Thi
control
permit
the
di play
to
be
moved
horizontally
over
the
entire
face
of
the
CRT
without
in
troducing
di tortion
into
the
di play.
AMPLIFIER
CALIBRATION.
A
three-po ition
witch
with
two
pring-return
po ition
u ed
to
check
the
ZERO
po ition
and
the
calibration
of
the
horizontal
amplifier.
DC
BAL.
Thi
control
adju t
the
tube-current
balance
in
the
direct-coupled
horizontal
amplifier
to
permit
changing
of
the
amplifier
en itivity
without
changing
the
po ition
of
the
di play.
Test
anel
TRANSISTOR
A,
TRANSISTOR
B.
A
three-po ition
witch
which,
in
either
out ide
po ition,
connect
the
two
binding
po t
and
the
tran i tor
ocket
indicated
to
the
appropriate
circuitry
within
the
in trument.
In
the
center
(off)
po ition,
it
di connect
all
power
from
the
tran i tor,
ocket
and
binding
po t .
EMITTER
GROUNDED,
BASE
GROUNDED.
A
rever ing
witch
in
the
ba e
and
emitter
lead
of
the
tran i tor
ocket .
It
permit
mall
tran i tor
to
be
rapidly
witched
between
the
grounded-emitter
and
grounded-ba e
configuration .
Thi
witch
doe
not
rever e
binding
po t
connection .
Interpreting
Type
575
Curves
The
following
di play
are
devoted
to
ome
typical
tran
i tor
di play
and
their
meaning.
While
no
attempt
i
made
to
explain
tran i tor
terminology
and
parameter ,
it
i
hoped
that
the e
diagram
and
curve
will
help
the
operator
to
arrive
at
the
de ired
an wer
in
le
time,
and
perhap
better
under tand
the
operation
of
the
in trument
in
o
doing.
The
tran i tor
u ed
in
mo t
of
the
following
te t
i
the
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor.
The
curve
are
not
nece arily
typical
of
the
average
2N407
a
a
number
of
different
tran
i tor
were
u ed
in
order
to
be t
demon trate
certain
char
acteri tic .
Other
curve
hown
include
tho e
for
the
point
contact
tran i tor,
Zener
diode,
ga eou
voltage-regulator
tube
NE2,
tetrode
tran i tor,
photodiode
and
phototran i tor.
An
attempt
ha
been
made
to
portray
all
of
the
voltage
and
current
that
appear
in
tran i tor
pecification ;
i.e.,
V
ce
,
Vbe,
Vcb,
BV
ce
,
BV
ceo
,
Ico,
lebo,
leo,
etc.
Al o,
ince
ome
manu
facturer
employ
the
hybrid
h
parameter
while
other
u e
the
r
parameter
(a
in
low-frequency
equivalent
T
circuit),
mea urement
of
both
type
have
been
included.
Note:
The
mea urement
obtained
on
the
Type
575
are
valid
for
low-frequency
operation
only;
other
equipment
i
required
for
high-frequency
te ting.
The
effect
of
temperature
on
tran i tor
operation
are
very
important;
thi
can
be
noted
in
the
top
two
curve
on
page
2-7.
The
temperature
effect
can
be
portrayed
with
the
aid
of
a
thermocouple
or
heat
box,
or
by
mean
of
an
oil
bath
and
heating
element.
@®i
2-9
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Collector
Family
Collector
Family
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
Al
r
Beta
(0)
=
—
=
h
(e
,
h
FE
.
Alb
Inverted
Collector
Family
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
Rever e
current
tran fer
ratio
—
h(
C
,
h
fC
.
2-10
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Collector
Family
.
.
.
Effect
of
collector
to
base
capacity
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
Collector
Sweep
-Ve
Horizontal
*
c
Amplifier
1
Step
Generator
-l
b
r
Vertical
5
L
Amplifier
Thi
effect
i
mo t
noticeable
with
high
collector
voltage
and
low
collector
current.
Collector
Family
.
.
.
External
capacity
added
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
The
added
capacity
increa e
the
modulation
of
the
ba e
current;
thi
effect
i
amplified
by
the
tran i tor.
Collector
Family
.
.
.
Saturation
region
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
Collector
Current
Collector
Current
Collector
Current
Saturation
voltage
V
CE
(SAT),
at
pecified
l
b
and
l
c
.
Saturation
re i tance
R
c
=
lope
of
l
c
-V
c
curve
at
pecified
l
c
.
2-11
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Collector
Family
.
.
.
Room
temperature
(75°
F.)
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
-20v
Collector
Volts
0
Above
transistor
at
temperature
of
150°
F.
Note
increa e
in
leakage
current
and
Beta.
2-12
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
Breakdown
Voltage,
collector
to
emitter
Collector
Current
l
CE
,
l
CEO
,
lets
BV
CE
,
BV
CEO
,
BV
cer
,
BV
ces
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
the
re i tance
hould
be
pecified
when
mea uring
BV
cer
-
Breakdown
Voltage,
base
to
emitter
Emitter
Current
l
EO
,
I
E
bo
*
Alpha
Curve,
a,
h
21b
,
h
fb
,
h
B
2-13
Operating
Instructions
—
Type
575
=
65
FE
Forward
Current
Transfer
Ratio,
Beta,
fj,
h
21e
,
Note
Beta,
higher
current .
at
Al
r
,
decrea e
Al
b
1
OOma
Input
Impedance,
h
11e
,
h
ie
1
ma
Input
Impedance,
h
11b
,
h
ib
2N407
PNP
junction
tran i tor
-l-2ma
Emitter
Volts
'A
A
2-14
Other manuals for 575 series
1
This manual suits for next models
1
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