Texas Instruments TI-73 Explorer Manual

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In this guidebook, TI-73 refers to both the TI-73 and
TI-73 Explorer. All functions, instructions, and examples in
this guidebook work identically for both the TI-73 and the
TI-73 Explorer.
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
© 1998, 2001–2003 Texas Instruments Incorporated

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Important Information
Texas Instruments makes no warrant , either express or implied,
including but not limited to an implied warranties of merchantabilit
and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding an programs or book
materials and makes such materials available solel on an “as-is” basis.
In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to an one for special,
collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or
arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and
exclusive liabilit of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action,
shall not exceed the purchase price of this calculator. Moreover, Texas
Instruments shall not be liable for an claim of an kind whatsoever
against the use of these materials b an other part .
US FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency
Interference
This equipment has been tested and found to compl with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequenc energ and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, ma cause harmful interference with
radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined b turning the equipment off and on,
ou can tr to correct the interference b one or more of the following
measures:
¦ Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
¦ Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
¦ Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.
Caution: An changes or modifications to this equipment not expressl
approved b Texas Instruments ma void our authorit to operate the
equipment.
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise
emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference
Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 1
Preparing to Use Your TIN73.........................................3
The Home Screen...........................................................5
Entering Numbers and Other Characters .....................6
Functions and Instructions ..........................................12
Entering Expressions....................................................15
Retrieving Previous Entries -£......................17
Recalling and Storing the Last Answer -¢......18
Mode Settings..............................................................22
Chapter 2: Math Operations 25
Keyboard Math Operations ........................................27
The 1MATH Menu ................................................34
The 1NUM Menu ..................................................44
The 1PRB Menu ....................................................49
The 1LOG Menu.................................................... 54
Chapter 3: Fractions 57
Entering Fractions........................................................58
Using Fractions in Calculations ...................................59
Fraction Modes ............................................................60
Converting between Fractions and Decimals............. 64
Converting between Mixed Numbers and
Simple Fractions......................................................65
Chapter 4: Measurement Conversions and
Constant Calculations 67
The -‚CONVERSIONS Menu.......................68
Constants......................................................................71
Chapter 5: Lists 77
Steps for Creating a List ..............................................78
The List Editor 3....................................................79
Naming a List ...............................................................79
Entering List Elements .................................................81
Editing Lists in the List Editor...................................... 87
The -vLs Menu .................................................91
The -vOPS Menu ..............................................92
List Commands from the Home Screen ....................102

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Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 107
Steps for Defining a Stat Plot ................................... 108
Defining Statistical Data in Lists ............................... 109
Deselecting YnFunctions .......................................... 109
Defining a Stat Plot ................................................... 109
Selecting Stat Plot Types ........................................... 111
Defining Stat Plot Options........................................ 112
Adjusting Window Values and Format .................... 114
Displaying the Stat Plot............................................. 114
Stat Plot Examples ..................................................... 114
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 127
The -vMATH Menu........................................ 128
The -vCALC Menu.......................................... 133
Chapter 8: Tables 149
What Is a Table? ........................................................ 150
Steps for Creating a Table ........................................ 151
Defining and Selecting Functions in the
Y= Editor &........................................................ 152
Setting Up the Table -f............................ 153
Displaying the Table -i............................... 154
Table Setup from the Home Screen ......................... 161
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 163
Steps for Graphing a Function.................................. 164
Example of Function Graphing................................. 165
Defining Functions in the Y= Editor &................. 167
Selecting a Graph Style ............................................. 169
Setting the Window Format -g................ 171
Defining Window Values .......................................... 173
Displaying a Graph *....................................... 177
Adjusting Window Values with
the (ZOOM Menu ........................................ 181
The (MEMORY Menu........................................ 185
Chapter 10: Drawing 187
The 2DRAW Menu ............................................. 188
The 2POINTS Menu............................................ 201
The 2STO Menu ................................................. 206

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Chapter 11: Trigonometry 209
The -uTRIG Menu ........................................... 210
Graphing Trig Functions............................................214
The -uANGLE Menu .......................................215
Chapter 12: Programming 221
What Is a Program? ...................................................223
Steps for Creating a Program.................................... 223
Creating and Naming a New Program ..................... 224
Entering Program Commands...................................226
The 8CTL Menu .................................................. 227
The 8I/O Menu....................................................241
Editing Program Commands ..................................... 248
Executing a Program .................................................251
Debugging a Program...............................................252
Chapter 13: Communication Link and the
CBLàCBR Application 253
TIN73 Link Capabilities...............................................254
The Link SEND Menu 91 ...................................255
The Link RECEIVE Menu 91 "..........................257
Transmitting Data Items............................................258
Backing Up Memory .................................................. 261
Upgrading your TIN73 Graph Explorer Software.....262
The APPLICATIONS Menu 9...............................263
Steps for Running the CBLàCBR Application ..........264
Selecting the CBL/CBR Application ...........................265
Specifying the Data Collection Method ................... 265
Specifiying Data Collection Options......................... 266
Collecting the Data....................................................273
Stopping Data Collection ..........................................274
Chapter 14: Memory Management 275
The -ŸMEMORY Menu...................................276
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference 283

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Appendix B: Reference Information 319
The TIN73 Menu Map ................................................ 320
The VARS Menu -}....................................... 329
Equation Operating System (EOS é)........................ 330
In Case of Difficulty ................................................... 330
Correcting an Error.................................................... 331
Error Messages........................................................... 332
Appendix C: BatteryàService and
Warranty Information 339
Battery Information .................................................. 340
Texas Instruments (TI) Support and Service ............. 342
Warranty Information............................................... 343
Index 345

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Operating theOperating the TITIN 7373
Preparing to Use Your TIN73................................................. 3
Installing the AAA Batteries...........................................3
Turning the TIN73 On and Off ....................................... 3
Adjusting the Display Contrast ......................................4
Resetting Memory and All Defaults...............................4
The Home Screen................................................................... 5
Entering Numbers and Other Characters.............................6
Entering a Negative Number a...................................6
Entering a Number in Scientific Notation -{.......7
Entering Secondary Functions -...............................7
Entering Text -t.................................................7
Common Display Cursors ..............................................10
Editing Numbers and Characters .................................11
Functions and Instructions .................................................. 12
Accessing Functions and Instructions from Menus .....12
Accessing FunctionsàInstructions from the CATALOG... 14
Entering Expressions............................................................15
Grouping Parts of Expressions with Parentheses ........16
Using Implied Multiplication in Expressions................16
Entering Multiple Expressions on One Line ................16
Retrieving Previous Entries -£..............................17
Recalling and Storing the Last Answer -¢..............18
Continuing a Calculation with Ans ..............................18
Using Ans as a Variable in an Expression ....................19
Storing Values to a Variable X.............................20
Recalling Variable Values -P.............................21
1

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Mode Settings ..................................................................... 22
Numeric Notation Mode .............................................. 23
Decimal Notation Mode ............................................... 24
Angle Mode .................................................................. 24
Display Format Mode ................................................... 24
Simplification Mode ..................................................... 24

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Preparing to Use Your TIN 73
Before using your TIN73, you must install the batteries, turn on
the calculator, and adjust the contrast. You may reset (clear)
the calculator memory and defaults, if desired.
Installing the AAA BatteriesInstalling the AAA Batteries
Install four AAA batteries in the battery compartment on the
back of the calculator. Arrange the batteries according to the
polarity (+ and -) diagram in the battery compartment. For
more information about installing batteries, see Appendix C:
BatteryàService and Warranty Information.
Turning theTurning the TITIN 7373 On and OffOn and Off
To turn on the TIN73, press ^.
To turn off the TIN73 manually,
press the yellow -key and
then press ^(indicated in this
book as -).
When you press -, all settings and memory contents are
retained by Constant Memoryè. Any error condition is
cleared. To prolong battery life, the APDè(Automatic Power
Down) feature turns the TIN73 off automatically after a few
minutes without any activity.
When you turn on the calculator:
• The Home screen is displayed if you previously turned off
the calculator by pressing -. It appears as it did
when you last used it; all errors are cleared.
 or 
• The calculator displays the last screen (including the
display, cursor, and any errors) that was displayed before
Automatic Power Down turned off the calculator.

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Adjusting the Display ContrastAdjusting the Display Contrast
The brightness and contrast of the display can depend on
room lighting, battery freshness, and viewing angle.
To adjust the contrast:
1. Press and release the yellow -key.
2. Press and hold $(to darken the screen) or #(to lighten
the screen).
As you change the contrast setting, a number from 0 (lightest)
to 9 (darkest) in the top-right corner indicates the current
setting. You may not be able to see the number if the contrast
is too light or too dark.
Resetting Memory and All DefaultsResetting Memory and All Defaults
Follow these steps to reset the TIN73 to its factory settings
and clear all memory:
1. Turn on the calculator.
^
2. Display the MEMORY menu.
-Ÿ (above _)
3. Display the RESET menu.
7
4. Display the RESET RAM
menu.
1
The ^key

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5. Select 2:Reset.
2
All memory is cleared, and the calculator is reset to the factory
settings.
When you reset the TIN73, the display contrast is reset. To
adjust the contrast, follow the directions in the previous
section.
The Home Screen
The Home screen is the primary
screen of the TIN73. To go to the
Home screen from any other
screen or menu, press -l.
On the Home screen, you can enter instructions, functions,
and expressions. The answers are displayed on the Home
screen. The TIN73 screen can display a maximum of eight lines
with a maximum of 16 characters per line.
When you calculate an entry on
the Home screen, depending
upon space, the answer is
displayed either directly to the
right of the entry or on the right
side of the next line.
If an entry is longer than one line
on the Home screen, it wraps to
the beginning of the next line.

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If all lines of the display are full,
text scrolls off the top of the
display. The TIN73 stores the
previous entries as memory
permits. See the section entitled,
Retrieving Previous Entries on
page 17.
You can scroll up with $to see
previously entered entries. If you
press bwhile a previous
entry is highlighted (for
example, 2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2),
the calculator copies it to a new
line below all entries (after
4+4+4 and its result, 52).
To clear the Home screen, see the section entitled Editing
Numbers and Characters on page 11.
Entering Numbers and Other
Characters
A symbol or abbreviation of each keys primary function is
printed in white on the key. When you press that key, the
function name is inserted at the cursor location.
Entering a Negative NumberEntering a Negative Number a
You enter a negative number with the negation key, a. You
can use negation to modify a number, expression, or each
element in a list. Notice that this is different from the
subtraction key, T, which CANNOT be used for negation.
Subtract M14 N68.
-l:
a14T68b
³
Scroll up
with $.

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Entering a Number in Scientific NotationEntering a Number in Scientific Notation - {
Using -{, you can enter a number in scientific notation.
The notation used to display the result of a calculation
depends upon the .setting (Normal or Sci). For more
information on selecting modes, see the section in this chapter
entitled Mode Settings.
Add 30 ©4 + 8600.
-l:30
-{\8600
b
Entering Secondary FunctionsEntering Secondary Functions -
The secondary function of each key is printed in yellow above
the key. When you press the yellow -key, the yellow
character, abbreviation, or word above a key, becomes active
for the next keystroke.
Entering TextEntering Text - t
Many examples in this manual require you to enter alphabetic
characters, braces, a quotation mark, a space, or test
operators. You can access all of these from the Text editor.
To exit the Text editor without saving the contents on the
entry line, press -l, and the calculator returns you to
the Home screen.
³
MATH
The -ke
y
TEXT
If in Normal
mode
-t, which is the same as pressing -and
then 1, displays the Text editor.
If in Sci mode
1displays four math menus.

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In all guidebook examples, when a character in the Text editor
needs to be selected, the keystroke sequence shows the
character followed by b. Moving the Selection Cursor as
necessary to highlight the character is implied. To exit the
Text editor and display the contents on the entry line on the
previous screen, select Done.
-t
Selection Cursor

Highlights the character you want to
select. Use the cursor keys (", !, $, and
#) to move the cursor. Ais highlighted
with the selection cursor in the -t
example screen.
Letters
(A-Z)
Lists letters A-Z in alphabetical order.
List Braces
{ }
Surround a set of numbers separated by
commas to create a list (outside of the List
editor). For example, {1,2,3} on the Home
screen is interpreted as a list.
Quotation Mark (") Surrounds the first text element in a
categorical list or surrounds an attached
list formula. (See Chapter 5: Lists for more
information.)
Space ( _ ) Places a space between characters. It is
frequently used in programs.
Test Operators
=, , >, , <, 
Used to compare two values.
Logic (Boolean)
Operators
and, or
Used to interpret values as zero (false) or
nonzero (true).
The entry line

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Done Exits the Text editor when selected and
pastes all contents on the entry line to the
cursor location on the previous screen.
Entry Line Displays all currently selected characters.
A
ll edit keys, except the cursor keys, edit
characters on the entry line.
Insert R on the Home screen.
1. Go to the Home screen and
clear it, if desired.
-l:
2. Use the Text editor to
select R.
-tRb
3. Exit the Text editor.
Done b
Test and Logic (Boolean) Operators
You select test and logic operators exactly as you would a
letter. Both types of operators are explained in detail in
Chapter 2: Math Operations.
³
Use $, #, ", and
!to highlight R.
Ris pasted to
the entry line.
The Home
screen

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Entry Line
The entry line displays all characters selected in the Text
editor. The entry line also accepts all number keys (Y, Z,
[, ) and many keyboard operations (6, I, \, C, etc.).
Enter these between Text editor characters, as necessary,
without leaving the Text editor.
If you press a key that isnt accepted in the Text editor, the
calculator does not return an error. You must select Done to
exit and then continue your entry on the previous screen.
You can enter up to 16 characters on the entry line. If you need
to enter more than 16 characters, select Done to save your
entry. Then reenter the Text editor, and continue entering
additional characters.
Common Display CursorsCommon Display Cursors
In most cases, the appearance of the cursor indicates what
happens when you press the next key or select the next menu
item.
If you press -while the Insert Cursor (Û) is displayed, the
underline cursor becomes an underlined #.
Cursor Appearance Effect of Next Keystroke
Entry Solid Rectangle
Ù
A character is entered at the
cursor; any existing character is
overwritten.
Insert Underline
Ú
A character is inserted in front
of the cursor location.
Second Reverse Arrow
Û
A 2nd character (yellow on the
keyboard) is entered, or a 2nd
operation is executed.
Full Checkerboard
Rectangle
Ø
No entry; the maximum
characters are entered at a
prompt, or memory is full.

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Editing Numbers and CharactersEditing Numbers and Characters
Using the edit keys, you can edit an entry on the Home screen
or Y= editor, programming commands in the Program editor,
the entry lines of the Text editor and List editor, and constants
in the Set Constant editor.
Keystrokes Result
!or "Moves the cursor to the left or right. Moves the
Selection cursor in the Text editor.
$or #Moves/scrolls the cursor up or down.
-!Moves the cursor to the beginning of an entry.
-"Moves the cursor to the end of an entry.
:• Within a line on the Home screen, it
clears all characters to the right of the
cursor.
• At the beginning or end of a line on the
Home screen, it clears the current line.
• On a blank line on the Home screen, it
clears everything on the Home screen.
• In an editor, it clears the expression or
value where the cursor is located.
/Deletes the character at the cursor.
-mInserts characters in front of a character; to
end insertion, press -mor press !, ", $
or #.
<Inserts a character before a fraction on the
Home screen. (-minserts a character
before a fraction on any other screen.)
IInserts the variable Xat the cursor location.

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Functions and Instructions
A function returns a value. Generally, the first letter of each
function is lowercase on the TIN73. For example, pxl-Test( is a
function because it returns a value, 0or 1.
An instruction initiates an action. Generally, the first letter of
each instruction name is uppercase. For example, Pxl-On( is an
instruction that draws a pixel on the graph screen.
Most functions and some instructions take at least one
argument. An open parenthesis (() at the end of the function or
instruction name prompts you to enter an argument. Complete
the function with an end parenthesis, E.
Note: Do not use the Text editor to enter names of functions
or instructions. For example, you cannot enter L, then O, then
Gto calculate the log of a value. If you did this, the calculator
would interpret the entry as implied multiplication of the
variables L, O, and G.
When this guidebook describes the syntax of a function or
instruction, each argument is in italics. Optional arguments for
a function are signified by brackets [ ]. Do not enter the
brackets.
Accessing Functions and Instructions from MenusAccessing Functions and Instructions from Menus
You can find most functions and instructions on menus (in
other words, not directly from the keyboard).
Displaying a Menu
To display a menu, press the key associated with the menu. Up
to four separate menus are displayed from which you choose
the menu item you want.
1

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To move from menu to menu on a menu screen, press "or !
until the menu name is highlighted.
When a menu item ends in an ellipsis (), the item displays a
secondary menu or editor when you select it.
-‚
Accessing and Selecting Menu Items
To scroll up or down the menu items, press $or #. To wrap
to the last menu item directly from the first menu item, press
$. To wrap to the first menu item directly from the last menu
item, press #.
When the menu continues beyond the displayed items, a $
replaces the colon next to the last displayed item.
Select a menu item in one of two ways:
• Press #or $to move the cursor to the number or letter
of the item, and then press b.
• Press the number key for the number next to the item. If
a letter is next to the item, access letters from the Text
editor (-t).
After you select an item from a menu, you usually are returned
to the initial screen where you were working.
Exiting a Menu without Making a Selection
Exit a menu without making a selection in one of three ways:
• Press :to return to the screen where you were.
• Press -lto return to the Home screen.
• Press a key or key sequence for another menu or for
another screen (except -t, which is not accessible
from all screens).

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Accessing FunctionsAccessing Functionsà Instructions from theInstructions from the
CATALOGCATALOG
-|displays the CATALOG, which is an alphabetical
list of all functions, instructions, programming commands,
variables, and symbols on the TIN73. If, for example, you
cannot remember where a particular menu item is located, you
can find it in the CATALOG.
Items that begin with a number are in alphabetical order
according to the first letter after the number. For example,
1-Var Stats is among the items that begin with V.
Items that are symbols follow the last item that begins with Z.
You can access the symbols quickly by pressing $from the
first catalog item, A§b/c. The cursor moves to the bottom of the
list.
-|
To select an item from the CATALOG:
1. Press -|to display the CATALOG. The Selection
Cursor always points to the first item.
2. Press $or #to scroll the CATALOG until the Selection
Cursor points to the item you want.
To jump to the first item beginning with a particular letter,
select that letter from the Text editor. Press -t
while in the CATALOG, use the cursor keys to highlight the
letter you want, and then press b. You are
automatically returned to the CATALOG, and the Selection
Cursor has now moved to the new section. Scroll to the
item you want.
3. Press bto paste the CATALOG item to the current
screen.
Selection Cursor