Texas Instruments TI-84 Plus Silver Edition User manual

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Math 1314 with Integrated Technology
Math 1314 with Integrated TechnologyMath 1314 with Integrated Technology
Math 1314 with Integrated Technology
Calculator Guide
Calculator GuideCalculator Guide
Calculator Guide
This guide is an introduction to the use of a graphing calculator. It is
not a comprehensive guide. The tools illustrated in this guide are
limited to the tools needed for Math 1314 with Integrated Technology.
The calculator references are to a Texas Instruments TI-84 Plus
graphing calculator. The keystroke sequences should be similar on
other TI products, although some calculator features (such as key
colors) may differ. Students using graphing calculators other than TI
calculators are advised to consult the user guide for their calculator
brand to make any necessary modifications to the keystrokes described
in this guide. Most user guides are available online.

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Getting Orien
Getting OrienGetting Orien
Getting Oriented
tedted
ted
The face of the calculator has five distinct parts.
Display Screen
The display screen will show all computations and functions that you enter and will
display graphs of functions.

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Below the display screen are five buttons which access 10 different menus, each of which
will be discussed in detail in this guide. These gray keys are labeled as follows: Y=,
WINDOW, ZOOM, TRACE, and GRAPH. There are blue titles above these labels:
STATPLOT, TBLSET, FORMAT, CALC, and TABLE. Many of the functions
needed for this course will be accessed using these five keys.
Menu Keys

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Below these five keys and to the right are arrow keys that will move the cursor up, down,
left or right. When looking at graphs, the left/right arrow keys will move the cursor to
the left/right on the graph, and the up/down arrow keys will toggle between functions, if
more than one function is graphed.
Arrow Keys

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The black keys access the most commonly used functions and menus that will be needed
in the course.
Commonly Used Functions

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The gray and white keys towards the bottom and right of the key pad give the digits from
0 – 9, decimal point, (-) and the usual arithmetic operations. At the bottom right is the
ENTER key that you will use to tell the calculator to perform the operations or functions
that you have displayed on the screen.
Calculator Keypad and Operations
ENTER

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There are two other important keys: The 2
nd
key and the ALPHA key. Notice that each
key on the calculator has blue writing above it (on calculators other than the TI-84 Plus,
this may be a different color), and most keys have a green letter or punctuation mark
above it. When the function given in blue is needed, press the 2
nd
key, then the button
that has the required function above it. So, for example, to access the square root
function, press 2
nd
2
x
. Similarly, to access letters of the alphabet, press ALPHA and the
key that has the desired letter above it.
2
nd
Key
ALPHA Key

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Calculator Basics
Calculator BasicsCalculator Basics
Calculator Basics
Note: throughout this guide, the comma ey will be noted as
Note: throughout this guide, the comma ey will be noted as Note: throughout this guide, the comma ey will be noted as
Note: throughout this guide, the comma ey will be noted as
(comma) and the X,T,
and the X,T,and the X,T,
and the X,T,
θ
,n ey will
,n ey will ,n ey will
,n ey will be noted as X.
be noted as X.be noted as X.
be noted as X.
On/Off:
To turn the calculator on, press the ON button (lower left corner).
To turn the calculator off, press 2
nd
ON. Note that the calculator will
automatically turn off after a period of disuse.
Making the Screen Lighter/Darker:
To make the screen darker, press 2
nd
↑. It may take several applications of 2
nd
↑
to achieve the desired result. To make the screen lighter, press 2
nd
↓. With
weaker batteries, it may be necessary to make the screen darker. With new
batteries, it may be necessary to make the screen lighter.
Clear:
To clear the entire main screen, press CLEAR. It may be necessary to press
CLEAR CLEAR to get a blank screen.
Previous Entry:
To pull a previous entry to the current line of the main screen, press 2
nd
ENTER.
It may be necessary to do this several times to get to the desired previous entry.
Last Entry:
To use the last value on the main screen in future computations, press
2
nd
(-). The display will show ANS after pressing 2
nd
(-).
Insert/Delete:
To delete a character, use the arrow keys to put the cursor on the specific
character you wish to delete. Then press DEL. To insert a character or characters,
use the arrow keys to put the cursor on the character to the right of the desired
location for the new character(s). Then press 2
nd
DEL and enter the new
character(s).
Alpha Lock:
To lock the calculator for alphabet entry, press 2
nd
ALPHA.

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Moving Back to the Main Screen:
To return to the main screen from any other screen, press 2
nd
Mode.
Error Prompts
Occasionally, the calculator will not understand a command and will return an
ERROR prompt. There is usually a description of the error, and sometimes there
is an option to GOTO the error so that it can be fixed. Often the correction is
easy, such as fixing an erroneous error in the WINDOW menu, or removing an
accidental user request to divide a quantity by 0.
Resetting the Calculator:
To reset the calculator, press 2
nd
+. Press 7. Press 1. The following screen
cautions that all data and all programs will be erased. To reset, press 2. To leave
the reset menu without resetting, press 1. Note: Resetting is a last resort option!!
Do NOT reset the calculator until all other options have been exhausted.
If there are no other options, programs stored in the calculator can be archived.
To do this press 2
nd
+ and select 5. Press ENTER. Now mark the program to
archive. Press PRGM and cursor down to the program to archive. Press
ENTER. An asterisk will appear next to the program name. When the calculator
is reset, the program will not be erased. To unarchive a program, press 2
nd
+ and
select 6. Now mark the program to archive. Press PRGM and and cursor down
to the program to unarchive. Press ENTER. The asterisk will disappear next to
the program name. A program may not be run until it has been unarchived.
Mode:
Press MODE to view the various entries on this menu. For this course, each line
should have the left-most entry highlighted. Occasionally, it will be necessary to
change the fifth line from CONNECTED to DOT.
Variable Key:
The calculator has one key for use in entering variables, the Xkey. This key is
located below the MODE key. No matter what variable is stated in the problem,
the calculator entry will be as x.
Store/Recall:
To store a number as a variable, press (number), STO>, ALPHA, (letter),
ENTER.

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To recall a number, press 2
nd
STO>, ALPHA, (letter) ENTER.

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Basic Computation
Basic ComputationBasic Computation
Basic Computation
To perform basic computations, enter the expression using the 10 digits, (-) key, decimal point
and the operation symbols on the lower right part of the calculator.
To enter
π
, press 2
nd
^.
To enter e(the exponential function), press 2
nd
ln or 2
nd
÷. (The first method automatically
opens parentheses so use it to enter
k
e
; use the second method to enter just
1
e
).
To make a value negative, use (-) rather than the subtraction symbol.
To raise a number to the second power, enter the number and press
2
x
then ENTER. To raise a
number to any other power, enter the number and press ^(power) then ENTER, so to raise a
number to the fourth power, enter the number and press ^4 and then ENTER.
To find the square root of a number, enter the function first. Press 2
nd
2
x
, then enter the number
and close parentheses. Then press ENTER. To find any other root of a number, start by
rewriting the expression as
( )
1
k
a
. Then enter the number and press ^(1/k), followed by ENTER.
For a more complicated expression, use parentheses liberally, taking care to close any parenthese
that you open. To evaluate
( )
k
a bx
+, enter the expression as ( a + b*x ) ^ k followed by
ENTER. To evaluate
ab cd
ef gh
+
+, put parentheses around the numerator and the denominator when
entering the numbers: ( a * b + c * d) / (e * f + g * h), then press ENTER.
Some functions, such as the square root function and the exponential function, automatically
open parentheses. Take care to close these parentheses after entering the argument of the
function.
Example: Evaluate:
(
)
2 2
2 5 3 2 4
⋅ − − .
Enter this exactly as written: 2 * 5
2
– 3 ( 2 – 4
2
) ENTER

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Example: Evaluate:
2
2
2 3 4 11
3 4 2 3
− −
+ ⋅ −
Example: Evaluate:
( )
2
3
4 4 3 2.5
7 2
e
π − +
−
Example: Evaluate:
2
2 5 3 7
4 7 12
− ⋅ + ⋅
− ⋅ +
Note the use of the (-) key for the leading values in the numerator and the denominator rather
than the subtraction key.

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Example: Use the store and recall features to evaluate
2
4
AB C
D
−if
9, 7, 12, 2
A B C D
= = = = −
.
Press 9, STO>, ALPHA, MATH, ENTER.
Press 7, STO>, ALPHA, APPS, ENTER.
Press 12, STO>, ALPHA, PRGM, ENTER.
Press -2, STO>, ALPHA,
1
x
−
, ENTER
Now press
( 2
nd
2
x
, ALPHA, MATH, * , ALPHA, APPS, ), – ,4, *, ALPHA, PRGM,
2
x
,) / , ALPHA
1
x
−
Press ENTER.

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Entering Functions in
Entering Functions inEntering Functions in
Entering Functions in Y=
Y=Y=
Y=
To enter a function in the Y= menu, press Y= and select a line for the equation. Press CLEAR
to delete an equation that is no longer needed. Use Y1 for most problems.
Use the numbers on the keypad to enter coefficients and the X key to enter variables. Even if the
problem uses a different variable, use the X key when using the calculator. For fractional
coefficients, use parentheses, so enter (1/2) for
1
2
.
Use the operation symbols for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division that appear in the
problem. Use (-) for a leading negative rather than subtraction.
To raise a variable to the second power, type X and then press
2
x
. To raise a variable to another
power, such as the kth power, type X and then press ^k. For a square root, press 2
nd
2
x
. For a
different root, such as the kth root, press ^(1/k). Note that the when working with radicals, the
calculator automatically opens parentheses. Take care to close parentheses when needed.
Example: Enter
3 2
2 3
( ) 5 9
3 4
f x x x x
= − − +
on the Y1 line on the Y= menu.
Example: Enter
7
( ) 4
3
x
f x x
x
+
= − + −
−
on the Y2 line on the Y= menu.

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Example: Enter
32
( ) 2 5 4
f x x x
= − +
on the Y3 line on the Y= menu.
First rewrite the function as
( )
1
2
3
( ) 2 5 4
f x x x= − + .

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Tables
TablesTables
Tables
The calculator has two different formats for viewing tables of values. In the first format, the user
sets the starting point and the increment value value for x, and the calculator automatically
generates a table of values.
To set up this type of table, press 2
nd
WINDOW. This is the resulting screen.
In setting up the table, the user can select the start point ( TblStart ) and the increment
∆
Tbl.
Use the up and down arrow keys until the character to the right of TblStart= is highlighted.
Enter the starting number. Arrow down to the next line and enter the desired increment. An
increment of one is often useful, but at times a larger or smaller increment may work better. To
finish TABLE SETUP for an automatic table of values, make sure the word Auto is highlighted
on both the Indpnt: and Depend: lines.
To view the table of values, press 2
nd
GRAPH .
Example: Using the functions that were entered in the Entering Functions in Y=
Entering Functions in Y=Entering Functions in Y=
Entering Functions in Y=
section, create a table of values starting at x = 0 with an increment of 1.
This is the TABLE SETUP:
Here is the table of values. Note that there are several columns. The values for the function
entered in Y1 are recorded in the Y1 column; the values for the function entered in Y2 are
recorded in the Y2 column, and so on.

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To view the values for the function entered in Y3 , use the right arrow and cursor over until the
Y3 column comes into view.
Notice that the table can display a limited number of decimal places. To view an entry to more
decimal places, move the cursor to the desired value and view the number to 12 or 13 significant
digits at the bottom of the screen.
Note also that the calculator will display ERROR if the function is not defined at a listed value
for x. In the screen shot displayed above, the function entered in Y2 is not defined when x= 3.
The table currently only displays the y values associated with x values from 0 to 6. However, by
scrolling up and down the list of xvalues, other y values will be displayed in the table. In the
table below, yvalues associated with x values from 26 to 32 are displayed.
The other table format allows the user to select the specific values for xthat are to be used in the
table. Go to TBLSET and arrow down to the word AUTO on the Indpnt: line. Right arrow
over so that the work ASK is highlighted.

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Press ENTER . Now press 2
nd
GRAPH to view the table. The table that was there before has
disappeared. The calculator is waiting for xvalues to be entered.
Now, enter the desired values for xin the X column, and corresponding values for Y1, Y2 and
Y3 will appear in those columns.
Example: Use the functions that were entered in the Entering Functions in Y=
Entering Functions in Y=Entering Functions in Y=
Entering Functions in Y= section,
create a table of values that gives only the function values when x= 1, x= -10 and x= 12.5.
Put the cursor in the top of the X column. Press 1, ENTER, -10 ENTER, 12.5 ENTER . This is
the result.

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Graphing Functions and Setting the Window
Graphing Functions and Setting the WindowGraphing Functions and Setting the Window
Graphing Functions and Setting the Window
Once a function is entered in Y=, graph the function by pressing GRAPH. If more than one
equation is entered in Y= , the calculator will graph all of them, unless the user turns off the
functions that should not be graphed. To disable or “turn off” an equation, move the cursor so
that it is on the equal sign of the graph to turn off and press ENTER . The equal sign will not be
highlighted. To enable the function again, move the cursor onto the equal sign and press
ENTER . The equal sign will be highlighted again, and will show up when graphing.
Of the three functions listed on the screen shot below, only Y1 will appear on the graph, since
the other two functions have been disabled.
Press GRAPH to view the graph of the function.
Without modification, the calculator will use a standard 10 unit by 10 unit viewing window.
This means that the minimum x value is -10 and the maximum x value is 10, and the minimum y
value is -10 and the maximum y value is 10. This is sometimes written as [-10, 10, -10, 10],
indicating [Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax].
The graph above shows that the standard viewing window is sometimes not sufficient to view all
of the features of the graph of the function.
In this case, the turning point of the graph in the fourth quadrant is not shown in this viewing
window. To change the viewing window, press WINDOW and change the appropriate values.
To revert to the standard viewing window, press ZOOM, 6 .

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Example: Select an appropriate viewing window for the function graphed in this screen shot.
The graph seems to show enough graph in the x direction, and there seems to be enough graph in
the positive y direction. Change the y minimum to get a better view of the function.
To find an appropriate Ymin value, use trial and error, or scroll down the TABLE to see the
smallest y value in the list between x values of 2 and 7. The table below shows a y value of
-36.42, so a Ymin of -50 will display the whole graph and will allow you to see the information
at the bottom of the screen without covering the graph.
Here is the resulting graph of the function.