THORLABS TCLDM9 User manual

TCLDM9
Temperature Controlled, Laser
Diode Mount for 5.6 and 9 mm LD
Operating Manual

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Warning Symbol Definitions ...........................................2
Chapter 2 Safety.................................................................................3
Chapter 3 Description........................................................................4
Chapter 4 Setup.................................................................................. 6
4.1. Laser Installation ........................................................... 6
4.2. Laser Controller Connection ........................................... 8
4.2.1. Using the Thorlabs LDC/ITC Series Laser Controllers................8
4.2.2. Using a Third-Party Laser Controller ...........................................8
4.3. TEC Controller Connection............................................ 10
4.3.1. Using the Thorlabs TED Series TEC Controllers ......................10
4.3.2. Using a third-party TEC controller .............................................10
4.4. Mounting other Accessories......................................... 11
4.4.1. Mounting Thorlabs Fiber Coupled Pigtailed Lasers...................11
4.4.2. The TEC Lockout and Ground Jumpers....................................12
4.5. Making the Safety Interlock Connections ..................... 13
Chapter 5 Operation.........................................................................14
5.1. RF Modulation ............................................................. 14
5.2. Status and Interlocks ................................................... 14
Chapter 6 Maintaining the TCLDM9 ............................................... 16
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting .............................................................17
Chapter 8 Specifications .................................................................18
8.1. Thermistor Data .......................................................... 19
Chapter 9 Drawing ........................................................................... 20
Chapter 10 Regulatory.......................................................................21
Chapter 11 Thorlabs Worldwide Contacts....................................... 22

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 1: Warning Symbol Definitions
Page 2 Rev N, June 26, 2015
Chapter 1 Warning Symbol Definitions
Below is a list of warning symbols you may encounter in this manual or on your
device.
Symbol Description
Direct Current
Alternating Current
Both Direct and Alternating Current
Earth Ground Terminal
Protective Conductor Terminal
Frame or Chassis Terminal
Equipotentiality
On (Supply)
Off (Supply)
In Position of a Bi-Stable Push Control
Out Position of a Bi-Stable Push Control
Caution: Risk of Electric Shock
Caution: Hot Surface
Caution: Risk of Danger
Warning: Laser Radiation
Caution: Spinning Blades May Cause Harm

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
Chapter 2 Safety
Precautions of a general nature should be gathered here. Wherever possible,
however, safety warnings, cautions, and notes should only appear immediately
before the instructions to which they apply (versus being listed in this section).
SHOCK WARNING
Warning is given when there is danger of injury to users.
CAUTION
Caution is given when there is a possibility of damage to the product.
WARNING
Given when there is danger of injury to users.
!
!

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 3: Description
Page 4 Rev N, June 26, 2015
Chapter 3 Description
The TCLDM9 mount by Thorlabs is ideal for temperature-controlled operation of
all 3 and 4-pin laser diodes in Ø9 mm (TO-9) and Ø5.6 mm (TO-56) packages.
The mount can control the laser diode and monitor photodiode independently
making it compatible with a wide variety of laser diodes including all three-pin style
A, B, and C configuration laser diodes, two-pin style E, G, and H configurations,
and all four-pin style D laser diodes. The TCLDM9 is also compatible with style G
laser diodes; however, modifications of the TCLDM9 Mount are required as
discussed in section 4.1. Please note that style F laser diodes are incompatible
with the TCLDM9 mount. A version of the TCLDM9 that is compatible with a style
F configuration is available upon request.
Laser diodes can be quickly and easily changed in the mount. It is as simple as
inserting the laser diode into the socket according to the imprinted pin assignment
and fastening the clamp ring with two screws. The diode socket is located very
close to the front of the cold plate making the connection of short lead devices
easier. The pass-through design of the socket lets you install long lead diodes (up
to 3/4") without trimming.
The TCLDM9 can be easily integrated into any existing optical setup. The bottom
surface of the TCLDM9 provides 8-32 and M4 mounting holes, and its front plate
is equipped with tapped holes to mount our 30 mm Cage System and SM1
threading for use with our Lens Tube Assemblies.
The TCLDM9 includes a Bias-T for RF modulation of the laser current up to 500
MHz. The mount can be adapted to the polarity of the laser diode and monitor
diode by miniature switches located at the top of the mount. User protection
features include an LED indicating an enabled laser located along the top of the
mount and a remote interlock connector located on the side.
Laser protection features include optional grounding configurations, and the TEC
Lockout circuit (only useable with our controllers) that prevents enabling the laser
unless the TEC controller is active. The built-in TE cooler enables temperature-
controlled operation of the laser diode. The clamp ring protects the laser diode
against air drafts, thus temperature stabilities of about 10 mK can be achieved.

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
Figure 1 Location of Features
Laser On Indicator
TEC Interlock Bypass Jumper
LD Controller
Connetor
TEC Controller
Connetor
Shield/Ground
Jumper
PD Switch
LD Switch
RF Input
(SMA)
Remote
Interlock

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 4: Setup
Page 6 Rev N, June 26, 2015
Chapter 4 Setup
4.1. Laser Installation
To install the laser diode, complete the following steps:
1. Unpack the laser mount and remove the four 2-56 socket head screws from the
front cover using a 5/64" hex driver.
2. Remove the two Philips head 2-56 screws from the laser-mounting flange and
remove the flange.
3. Determine the laser pin configuration from the laser diode manufacturer’s data
sheets and set the LD (Laser Diode) and PD (Photodiode) switches located on
the top of the unit according to the figure below.
Figure 2 Polarity Switch Settings
4. Most laser diodes are three pins with the case tied to one of the laser pins and
also to one of the photodiode pins. The other laser and photodiode pin will be
isolated from the case. The TCLDM9 was designed to operate the laser case at
ground potential therefore this common pin will be inserted into either the 12
o’clock or the 6 o’clock position of the laser connector. Locate the isolated laser
pin and insert it in the 3 o’clock position. The isolated photodiode should now
be in the 9 o’clock position. Refer to the figure below.
Position
Switch

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
Figure 3 LD and PD Orientation
5. Replace the laser mounting flange and the cover. Install both screws through the
mounting flange and loosely into the cold plate, then carefully tighten each screw
a little bit at a time until the flange is just snug. Do not over tighten either screw
– the flange will sit slightly above the cold plate. Reinstall the cover using the
four 2-56 cap head screws provided.
Note: The four sockets comprising the laser diode connector are through hole type
sockets with a blind clearance of 0.75" measured from the front face of the copper
cold plate. It is not necessary to trim the laser diode leads prior to mounting into
this connector unless they are longer than 0.75".
Note: The laser connector is located close enough to the front face of the copper
cold plate to allow easy installation of short leaded lasers. The clearance area
around the LD and PD sockets is sufficient to prevent the pins from contacting the
cold plate.
Special Note for G Style Configuration Laser Diodes
Figure 4 TCLDM9 Internal Circuitry Showing Jumper 14
In order to drive a style G laser diode, the PD pin in the mount must be grounded. To
ground the PD pin, remove the front cover to the TCLDM9 mount. Locate jumper J4
on the right-hand side of the mount. A photo of the TCLDM9 internal circuitry is
shown in Figure 4, and jumper J4 is marked with a red arrow. Short J4 pin 3 (ground,
right pin) to J4 pin 2 (photodiode, middle pin). Grounding the photodiode pin will
G
G
PD LD

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 4: Setup
Page 8 Rev N, June 26, 2015
allow the mount to drive a laser diode only (no photodiode) configuration with the LD
pins at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions.
Note: In this configuration, the PD pin will be the ground pin. Proper mounting of the
laser diode anode and cathode is required. In order to use the mount with any other
laser diode style will require undoing the modification performed above.
4.2. Laser Controller Connection
4.2.1. Using the Thorlabs LDC/ITC Series Laser Controllers
•The TCLDM9 is compatible with all Thorlabs LDC LD controllers and ITC
series combination controllers (LD and TEC). Appropriate cables with
DB9 connectors are included with Thorlabs controllers and ensure that
the controllers cannot be connected incorrectly. Additionally, these
controllers have built-in protection circuitry that protects the laser when
not in use.
•The nomenclature for the Laser Diode polarity switch on the LDC/ITC
driver and the TCLDM9 are consistent with each other. For example, if
the laser polarity on the driver is set to AG (anode grounded), then the
LD polarity switch on the TCLDM9 should also be set to AG, and so forth.
•The nomenclature for the Photo Diode polarity switch on the
LDC40xx/80xx and ITC series drivers and the TCLDM9 is as follows: The
photodiode polarity switch on the TCLDM9 must always be set to “CG”.
The photodiode polarity should be set with the internal Laser controller
switch only. For more information on how to set Polarity settings on the
Laser controller, please refer to the appropriate Laser Controller manual.
4.2.2. Using a Third-Party Laser Controller
When using a third-party controller, a custom cable will have to be made to properly
interface to the laser mount. Please refer to the table below for laser connections.
Figure 5 Pin Out for LD Driver and TEC Driver Connectors

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
Pin Signal Description
1
Interlock and
Status Pin
(LDC Specific)
This pin is the input to the LD Status Indicator and Interlock
Circuits. When using Thorlabs LDCs no external circuitry is
required. To use these features with third-party controllers
please refer to the Status and Interlock section of this manual.
5 Interlock and
Status Return This pin is the return side of the Status and Interlock circuitry.
7 Laser Diode
Cathode
This pin is connected to the 3 o’clock pin on the laser socket
when the LD Polarity Switch is set to AG1.
Otherwise it is floating.
8 Laser Diode
Anode
This pin is connected to the 3 o’clock pin on the laser socket
when the LD Polarity Switch is set to CG2.
Otherwise it is floating.
3 Laser Ground
(Case)
This pin is connected to the 12 o’clock and 6 o’clock pins on
the laser socket and corresponds to the settings of the LD and
PD polarity switches. i.e. If the LD and PD switches are
set to AG then this pin grounds the
Anodes of the laser and photo diodes.
2
Photodiode
Cathode
This pin is connected to the 9 o’clock pin on the laser socket
when the PD Polarity Switch is set to AG. It is attached to
ground and the 12 o’clock and 6 o’clock pins on the laser
socket when the PD Polarity Switch is set to CG.
4 Photodiode
Anode
This pin is connected to the 9 o’clock pin on the laser socket
when the PD Polarity Switch is set to CG. It is attached to
ground and the 12 o’clock and 6 o’clock pins on the laser
socket when the PD Polarity Switch is set to AG.
6
Laser Diode
Voltage
(Cathode)
This pin is connected to LD Interface Pin 7, thru a 499 Ω
resistor, when the LD Polarity Switch is set to AG. It is
attached directly to LD Interface Pin 3 when the LD Polarity
Switch is set to CG.
9
Laser Diode
Voltage
(Anode)
This pin is connected to LD Interface Pin 8, thru a 499 Ω
resistor, when the LD Polarity Switch is set to CG. It is
attached directly to LD Interface Pin 3 when the LD Polarity
Switch is set to AG.
1AG stands for Anode Ground.
2CG stands for Cathode Ground.

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 4: Setup
Page 10 Rev N, June 26, 2015
4.3. TEC Controller Connection
4.3.1. Using the Thorlabs TED Series TEC Controllers
The TCLDM9 is best used with Thorlabs TED200 or related TEC Controllers. The
TED series are shipped with a mating DB9 cable that plugs directly into the
controller and laser mount. Using the cable supplied with the TED, the controller
cannot be connected incorrectly. Simply connect the cable included with the TED
to the Laser Mount and to the controller.
4.3.2. Using a third-party TEC controller
When using a third-party controller, a custom cable will have to be made to properly
interface to the laser mount. Please refer to the table below for laser connections:
Pin Signal Description
4 +TEC This pin is connected to the positive terminal of the TEC
element.
5 -TEC and TEC
Lockout (-)
This pin is connected to the negative terminal of the TEC
element, and also is common to the cathode of the photo-
relay of the TEC Lockout circuit – refer to the Status and
Interlock section of this manual.
1 TEC Lockout (+)
This pin is connected to the anode of the photo-relay side
of the TEC Lockout circuit. When using Thorlabs TEDs no
external circuitry is required. To use these features with
third-party controllers please refer to the Status and
Interlock section of this manual.
2 +Thermistor The 10 kΩat 25 °C NTC thermistor (provided for
temperature feedback).
3 -Thermistor The thermistor return pin.
7 AD592(-)
The negative terminal of the AD592 temperature
transducer. When using Thorlabs TEDs no external
circuitry is required. To use this device with third party
controllers it must be properly biased. Refer to Analog
Devices AD592 Data for application information.
9 AD592(+) The positive terminal of the AD592
6 N.C. Not used.
8 N.C. Not Used.

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
4.4. Mounting other Accessories
The TCLDM9 includes an SM1 (1.035"-40) threaded hole centered on the laser for
mounting our SM1 series of optics mounts. This is most often used for mounting
aspheric collimating optics.
Also included are four 4-40 tapped holes mounted on 30 mm centers for attaching
Thorlabs cage assembly products. Using the combination of the SM1 threaded
mount and the cage assemblies’ products, a wide variety of optical systems can
be easily assembled form off-the-shelf products.
4.4.1. Mounting Thorlabs Fiber Coupled Pigtailed Lasers
Use the pigtail adapter clamp to hold the pigtail housing onto the TCLDM9 cold-
plate, see figure 5 below.
1. First install the pigtailed laser into the TCLDM9 socket, observing the proper
polarity of the laser to the socket (the pigtail’s pin-outs are provided with the
pigtail data sheet). If installed properly the flange of the pigtail will look as
shown in figure 4a. It may be necessary to trim or remove the foam cold-plate
insulator.
2. Make sure the pigtail’s laser diode leads are fully inserted into the socket then
slide the FC connector and optical fiber through the opening in the pigtail
mounting adapter.
3. Slide the adapter over the pigtail housing, aligning the slot in the adapter with
the flange on the pigtail housing (figure 5b). The mounting holes on the adapter
should now be lined up with the threaded holes on the TCLDM9 cold-plate
(figure 5c).
4. Secure the adapter to the cold-plate using two (2) 2-56 x 3/8" cap head screws
provide with the adapter. Start each screw into its respective mounting thread
and tighten until just snug (do not over tighten), alternating between the two
screws to ensure that the adapter is tightened evenly onto the Pigtail flange.
Figure 5a Figure 5b Figure 5c
Figure 6 Installing Fiber Pigtailed Laser
Pigtail Flange
Adapter
Screws

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 4: Setup
Page 12 Rev N, June 26, 2015
4.4.2. The TEC Lockout and Ground Jumpers
Two jumpers, JMP1 and JMP2, are located under the cover on the main PCB
assembly. JMP1 allows you to enable or bypass the TEC Lockout feature. This
feature, when enabled, will prevent the laser diode from being turned on unless
the TEC controller is enabled. The unit is shipped from the factory with the TEC
lockout feature bypassed. To enable the TEC lockout, remove the cover of the unit
and remove the blue jumper from the JMP1 header. The jumper can be placed on
one or the other header pins for safekeeping.
An optional ground jumper is also provided to allow connecting the system ground
node (common to the “G” pins of the laser diode connector) to the metal housing
of the unit, which is also connected to the shields of the LD and TEC input cables.
Care should be taken when using this connection as unwanted ground loops may
be formed. The unit is shipped from the factory with JMP2 disconnected. To close
this connection, remove the cover of the unit and place the blue jumper onto both
pins of the JMP2 header. See figure 1 on page 5 for jumper locations.

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
4.5. Making the Safety Interlock Connections
The TCLDM9 is equipped with a Remote Interlock connector located on the side
panel. In order to enable the laser source, a short circuit must be applied across
the terminals of the remote interlock connector. In practice this connection is made
available to allow the user to connect a remote actuated switch to the connector
(i.e. an open door indicator). The switch (which must be normally open) has to be
closed in order for the unit to be enabled. Once the switch is in an open state the
laser diode must automatically shut down.
All units are shipped configured with a shorting device installed in the interlock
connector. If you are not going to use this feature then you can leave the shorting
device installed and the unit will operate normally as described in the procedures
in this manual. If you wish to make use of the interlock feature you will need to
acquire the appropriate connector mate and wire it your remote interlock switch.
Next, remove the shorting device by pulling it from the input and install the
connector into the interlock input.
The interlock input only accepts a 2.5 mm mono phono jack. This connector is
readily available at most electronics suppliers.
The electrical specifications for the interlock input are as follows:
Specification Value
Type of Mating Connector 2.5 mm mono phono jack
Open Circuit Voltage
+5 VDC with respect to system ground
(when used in conjunction with Thorlabs
drivers)
Short Circuit Current 10 mA DC Typical
Connector Polarity Tip is positive, Barrel is ground
Interlock Switch Requirements
Must be N.O. dry contacts (under no
circumstances should any external
voltages be applied to the Interlock input)
Figure 7 Remote Interlock Connector

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 5: Operation
Page 14 Rev N, June 26, 2015
Chapter 5 Operation
With the laser mounted and the laser controller and temperature controller
connected, the TCLDM9 is ready to operate. Please refer to the operating
instructions for the laser and temperature controller for specific operating
instructions.
When operating at low temperatures in high humidity climates the laser mount may
develop internal condensation. If this occurs, turn the laser off, open the case and
allow the mount to dry off completely before re-using.
When using a collimating optic in the 1" threaded mount, the lens may be
positioned slightly laterally by loosening the four 2-56 screws on the cover and
shifting the cover plate manually.
5.1. RF Modulation
The TCLDM9 has an RF input for modulating the laser with an external RF source
up to 500 MHz. This is a 50 Ωinput that is AC-coupled directly to the laser through
a Bias-Tee network. To calculate the desired RF power to modulate the laser
determine the amount of modulating current needed from the laser manufacturer’s
data sheets and use the following calculations:

 = 50Ω󰇛LDModulatingCurrent󰇜
It is strongly recommended that you start off conservatively by a factor of 10 below
the calculated modulating voltage and slowly bring the RF power up until the
desired depth of modulation is reached. Use the laser controller to establish the
DC operating point of the laser.
WARNING
The RF input is directly coupled to the laser. Any excessive transients or
noise will be coupled into the laser and may cause the laser to be overdriven.
In addition, the laser can be easily overdriven if excessive RF power is
applied to this input. Use the RF modulation input with care to avoid
damaging your laser.
5.2. Status and Interlocks
This unit is equipped with two interlock circuits and an LED that indicates if the
laser diode is enabled. All three circuits are designed to interface with our laser
and TEC controllers with no external circuitry.
If third party controllers are used to drive the laser diode or TEC elements then
only the LD ON indicator can be used. To prevent damage to the Status and
Interlock circuits the following external connections should be followed:
1. Install the shorting device into the REMOTE INTRLK connector that was
shipped with the TCLDM9.
!
!

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
2. Install the TEC LOCKOUT bypass jumper into JMP1 inside the TCLDM9. (See
“The TEC Lockout and GROUND Jumpers” above).
3. Connect a resistor to LD Interface DB9 Pin 1 appropriately sized to limit the
current into Pin 1 to between 5 – 10mA.
4. The “driver” side of this resistor should be connected to a DC signal that, when
high, indicates that the laser diode is being driven.
5. If you have any questions regarding these connections please feel free to contact
an engineer at Thorlabs for clarification.
If you wish to make full use all of the status and interlock features with your third
party drivers, please contact your local Tech Support office. An engineer will help
you determine if this is possible and how to implement these features.

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 6: Maintaining the TCLDM9
Page 16 Rev N, June 26, 2015
Chapter 6 Maintaining the TCLDM9
There are no serviceable parts in the TCLDM9. The housing may be cleaned by
wiping with a soft damp cloth. If you suspect a problem with your TCLDM9 please
call Thorlabs and an engineer will be happy to assist you.

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting
Problem Solution
Laser Driver will not
enable.
(If you are using
Thorlabs Laser and TEC
controllers with your
TCLDM9 mount.)
Remote Interlock is open.
Make sure that either the “shorting device” is installed in
the REMOTE INTRLK connector on the side of the
TCLDM9. If you have a remote interlock switch
connected to this REMOTE INTRLK connector it must be
in a closed position.
TEC LOCKOUT circuit is active and the TED series TEC
controller is not enabled.
To determine if you have selected the TEC LOCKOUT
circuit to be active refer to The TEC Lockout and
GROUND Jumpers section and Fig. 4. If it is selected
then the TED series TEC controller must be enabled first
before the LDC series laser controller can be enabled.
Laser wavelength or
power is unstable even
though the TEC
controller shows a stable
temperature.
Make sure your laser diode is fully inserted into the
TCLDM9 laser socket and its body is in full contact with
the copper cold plate.
Make sure the appropriate mounting flange is installed
over your laser. There are two different flanges; one
specifically for 5.6mm diodes and one for 9mm diodes.
The LDC series laser
driver indicates an “Open
Circuit” alarm when the
laser is enabled.
The LD and PD polarity switch settings are incorrect.
Refer to Fig.2 and the data sheet for your specific laser
diode to ensure the proper settings. The LD polarity
switch setting on your TCLDM9 must also match the LD
polarity switch setting on the rear panel of your LDC
series laser diode controller.
The laser diode is installed into the wrong pins on the
laser diode socket. Refer to Fig. 3 for the correct
orientation of the laser diode pins and compare this to
the data sheet for your laser diode.
The LD does not have an
integrated photodiode,
how does it get installed
and how do the polarity
switches get set?
If your laser diode has one of its two active leads
common to the case of the laser, that lead must be
connected to one of the “G” sockets on the laser diode
connector (refer to Fig. 3) while the other pin is
connected to the “LD” socket in the 3 o’clock position.
Depending on the pin orientation of your laser you might
be using either the “G” socket at 12 o’clock or the “G”
socket at 6 o’clock. Refer to your laser diode data for pin
orientation. If your Cathode pin is common to the body of
your laser diode, set the LD polarity switch to “CG”. If
your Anode pin is common to the body of your laser
diode, set the LD polarity switch to “AG”. The setting for
the PD polarity switch is irrelevant.
If you still have problems or questions regarding the operation of your TCLDM9
please feel free to contact your local Tech Support office.

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount Chapter 8: Specifications
Page 18 Rev N, June 26, 2015
Chapter 8 Specifications
Specification Value
Laser Specs
Lasers Supported 5.6 mm and 9 mm
Max. Laser Current 2 Amps
Laser Pin Configurations3A, B, C, D, E, G, and H LD Packages,
Switch Selectable
RF Modulation Frequency 100 kHz to 500 MHz
RF Input Impedance 50Ω
Max RF Power 200 mW
Laser Polarity Select External Slide Switches
Laser Interface DB9 Female
TEC Specs
Max TEC Current 5 A
Max TEC Voltage 4 V
TEC Heating / Cooling Capacity 20 W
Typical Temperature Range (LD
dependent) 0 to 70 °C
Temp Sensors AD592AN (1 μA/°K)
Thermistor 10 kΩ± 3% at 25 °C, NTC
Beta = 3977 K ± 0.75%
TEC Interface DB9 Male
General
Size 3.5" x 3.5" x 2"
Weight 1.3 lbs
Accessory Mounting 1.035-40 Thread for SM1 Series Mounts
Miscellaneous 4-40 Tapped Holes for 30 mm Cage System
8-32 and M4 Threaded Mounting Holes
3Note that G style LD configuration requires modifying the TCLDM9
mount. Refer to section 4.1

Temperature Controlled, Laser Diode Mount
1981-D03, Rev N June 26, 2015
8.1. Thermistor Data
Figure 8 Thermistor Curve and Data
Resistance
(Ohms)
Temperature
(°C)
Resistance
(Ohms)
Temperature
(°C)
15895 15 9563 26
15153 16 9149 27
14451 17 8755 28
13785 18 8380 29
13155 19 8023 30
12558 20 7684 31
11991 21 7362 32
11454 22 7055 33
10944 23 6762 34
10460 24 6484 35
10000 25