Topcon GRS-1 User manual

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/PERATORlS-ANUAL

Topcon only sells GPS products into Precision Markets.
Please go to www.topcongps.com for detailed market information.
POSITIONING SYSTEMS
GRS-1
Operator’s Manual
Part Number 7010-0926
Rev A
©Copyright Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc.
April, 2009
All contents in this manual are copyrighted by Topcon. All rights reserved.
The information contained herein may not be used, accessed, copied, stored,
displayed, sold, modified, published, or distributed, or otherwise reproduced
without express written consent from Topcon.

ECO#3525

P/N 7010-0926
TOC
i
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction .......................................................... 1-1
Principles of Operation .................................................... 1-2
GNSS Overview ........................................................ 1-3
Calculating Absolute Positions ........................... 1-4
Calculating Differential Positions ...................... 1-5
Essential Components for Quality Surveying .... 1-6
Conclusion .......................................................... 1-7
GRS-1 Overview ....................................................... 1-7
Getting Acquainted with the GRS-1 ................................ 1-8
Rechargeable and Backup Batteries .......................... 1-9
GRS-1 Front .............................................................. 1-10
GRS-1 Back .............................................................. 1-13
GRS-1 Ports .............................................................. 1-14
SD Card Slot ............................................................. 1-14
Integrated Camera ..................................................... 1-15
External GPS Antenna Connector ............................. 1-16
System Cables .................................................................. 1-17
GRS-1 Software ............................................................... 1-17
Optional Accessories ....................................................... 1-18
Option Authorization File (OAF) .................................... 1-22
Handling Precautions ....................................................... 1-22
Storing the GRS-1 ............................................................ 1-23
Chapter 2
Preparing the GRS-1 for Use ............................... 2-1
Attaching the Hand Strap ................................................. 2-1
Powering the GRS-1 ........................................................ 2-2
Installing the Battery ................................................. 2-2
Charging the Battery ................................................. 2-3
Charging and Battery Storage Notes ......................... 2-5
Replacing the Backup Battery ................................... 2-6

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GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
ii
Starting the GRS-1 ........................................................... 2-7
Calibrating the Touch Screen .................................... 2-7
Setting the Power Management ................................. 2-9
Installing Software ........................................................... 2-9
Installing an Optional SD Card ........................................ 2-10
Chapter 3
Using the GRS-1 .................................................. 3-1
Connecting the GRS-1 with Other Devices ..................... 3-1
Connecting the GRS-1 and a Computer .................... 3-2
About ActiveSync and Windows Mobile
Device Center .................................................. 3-3
Connecting the GRS-1 and a Bluetooth Device ........ 3-4
Surveying with the GRS-1 Using
Topcon Receiver Utility (TRU) .................................... 3-6
Surveying with the GRS-1 ......................................... 3-6
Surveying with the GRS-1 and an External Antenna 3-7
Surveying with the GRS-1 and a Beacon Receiver ... 3-8
Surveying with the GRS-1 and an External
GPS Receiver ......................................................... 3-9
Chapter 4
Using the GNSS Compass, Camera .................. 4-1
Topcon Receiver Utility ................................................... 4-1
Using the Compass .................................................... 4-3
Calibrating the Compass ..................................... 4-5
Recalibrating the Compass .................................. 4-8
Viewing GNSS Information and Settings .................. 4-8
Using the Camera ...................................................... 4-8
Chapter 5
Using the Bluetooth Manager ............................. 5-1
Getting Started .................................................................. 5-1
Getting Acquainted .......................................................... 5-2
Working with Bluetooth Manager .................................... 5-5
Discovering Devices .................................................. 5-6
Adding to the List of Favorite Devices ...................... 5-8
Viewing Device Properties ........................................ 5-10

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P/N 7010-0926 iii
Deleting a Device from the List ................................ 5-11
Setting Device Preferences ....................................... 5-11
Pairing Bluetooth Devices ......................................... 5-13
Chapter 6
TPS Connection Manager .................................... 6-1
Main Menu ....................................................................... 6-2
Create New Connection ................................................... 6-3
Cellular Power On ........................................................... 6-4
Data Connection .............................................................. 6-4
GPS Receiver Power ........................................................ 6-7
About the Tool ................................................................. 6-8
Chapter 7
Troubleshooting ................................................... 7-1
Check This First! ............................................................. 7-1
Troubleshooting Quick List ............................................. 7-2
Resetting the Software ..................................................... 7-3
Restoring Bluetooth Module Defaults ............................. 7-4
Resetting the Hardware .................................................... 7-4
Format Reset .................................................................... 7-5
Charging/Powering Problems .......................................... 7-6
GRS-1 Problems .............................................................. 7-7
Bluetooth Problems ......................................................... 7-8
Obtaining Technical Support ........................................... 7-10
Phone ......................................................................... 7-10
E-mail ........................................................................ 7-11
Website ...................................................................... 7-12
Chapter 8
Updating the Operating System .......................... 8-1
Required Equipment ........................................................ 8-1
OS Installation File .......................................................... 8-2
Format Reset .................................................................... 8-2
Installing the OS .............................................................. 8-4
Troubleshooting ............................................................... 8-5
Installing Applications ..................................................... 8-5

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GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
iv
Appendix A
Specifications ...................................................... A-1
GRS-1 Specifications ....................................................... A-2
General Details .......................................................... A-2
GPS Details ................................................................ A-6
Bluetooth Details ....................................................... A-7
Connector Specifications .................................................. A-8
Serial Connector ........................................................ A-8
USB Connector .......................................................... A-9
Appendix B
Safety Warnings ................................................... B-1
General Warnings ........................................................... B-1
Battery Pack Warnings ................................................. B-2
Usage Warnings .............................................................. B-3
Appendix C
Regulatory Information ....................................... C-1
FCC Compliance .............................................................. C-1
Federal Communication Commission
Declaration of Conformity (DoC) Statement ... C-2
Industry Canada (IC) Regulatory Information .... C-2
FCC/IC RF Radiation Exposure Statement For
Bluetooth and 802.11b/g .................................. C-3
European Community Declaration of
Conformity with R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC C-4
Canadian Emission Labeling Requirements .................... C-4
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to the
R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC ......................... C-5
Community of Europe Compliance .................................. C-8
Appendix D
Warranty Terms ................................................... D-1

P/N 7010-0926
Preface
v
Preface
Thank you for purchasing this Topcon product. The materials
available in this Manual (the “Manual”) have been prepared by
Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. (“TPS”) for owners of Topcon
products, and are designed to assist owners with the use of the
receiver and its use is subject to these terms and conditions (the
“Terms and Conditions”).
Terms and Conditions
USE This product is designed to be used by a professional. The user
should have a good knowledge of the safe use of the product and
implement the types of safety procedures recommended by the local
government protection agency for both private use and commercial
job sites.
COPYRIGHT All information contained in this Manual is the
intellectual property of, and copyrighted material of TPS. All rights
are reserved. You may not use, access, copy, store, display, create
derivative works of, sell, modify, publish, distribute, or allow any
third party access to, any graphics, content, information or data in this
Manual without TPS’ express written consent and may only use such
information for the care and operation of your receiver. The
information and data in this Manual are a valuable asset of TPS and
are developed by the expenditure of considerable work, time and
money, and are the result of original selection, coordination and
arrangement by TPS.
NOTICE
Please read these Terms and Conditions carefully.

Preface
GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
vi
TRADEMARKS GRS-1, MG-A8, PG-A1, PG-A5, RH-1, BH-1, BR-
1, Topcon Receiver Utility (TRU), TopSURV, TopGIS, Field Tools
for ArcPad, Pocket-3D, Pocket Layout, Topcon and Topcon
Positioning Systems are trademarks or registered trademarks of TPS.
Microsoft, Windows Mobile, and the Windows logo are either
trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
United States and/or other countries. The Bluetooth® word mark and
logos are owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by
Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. is used under license. Other
product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks of
their respective owners.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY EXCEPT FOR ANY
WARRANTIES IN AN APPENDIX OR A WARRANTY CARD
ACCOMPANYING THE PRODUCT, THIS MANUAL AND THE
RECEIVER ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS.” THERE ARE NO OTHER
WARRANTIES. TPS DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY
PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. TPS AND ITS
DISTRIBUTORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL OR
EDITORIAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN;
NOR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
RESULTING FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE OR
USE OF THIS MATERIAL OR THE RECEIVER. SUCH
DISCLAIMED DAMAGES INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF TIME, LOSS OR DESTRUCTION OF DATA, LOSS
OF PROFIT, SAVINGS OR REVENUE, OR LOSS OF THE
PRODUCT’S USE. IN ADDITION TPS IS NOT RESPONSIBLE
OR LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OR COSTS INCURRED IN
CONNECTION WITH OBTAINING SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS
OR SOFTWARE, CLAIMS BY OTHERS, INCONVENIENCE, OR
ANY OTHER COSTS. IN ANY EVENT, TPS SHALL HAVE NO
LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES OR OTHERWISE TO YOU OR ANY
OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE
PRICE FOR THE RECEIVER.
LICENSE AGREEMENT Use of any computer programs or software
supplied by TPS or downloaded from a TPS website (the “Software”)
in connection with the receiver constitutes acceptance of these Terms

Terms and Conditions
P/N 7010-0926 vii
and Conditions in this Manual and an agreement to abide by these
Terms and Conditions. The user is granted a personal, non-exclusive,
non-transferable license to use such Software under the terms stated
herein and in any case only with a single receiver or single computer.
You may not assign or transfer the Software or this license without
the express written consent of TPS. This license is effective until
terminated. You may terminate the license at any time by destroying
the Software and Manual. TPS may terminate the license if you fail to
comply with any of the Terms or Conditions. You agree to destroy the
Software and manual upon termination of your use of the receiver.
All ownership, copyright and other intellectual property rights in and
to the Software belong to TPS. If these license terms are not
acceptable, return any unused software and manual.
CONFIDENTIALITY This Manual, its contents and the Software
(collectively, the “Confidential Information”) are the confidential and
proprietary information of TPS. You agree to treat TPS’ Confidential
Information with a degree of care no less stringent that the degree of
care you would use in safeguarding your own most valuable trade
secrets. Nothing in this paragraph shall restrict you from disclosing
Confidential Information to your employees as may be necessary or
appropriate to operate or care for the receiver. Such employees must
also keep the Confidentiality Information confidential. In the event you
become legally compelled to disclose any of the Confidential
Information, you shall give TPS immediate notice so that it may seek a
protective order or other appropriate remedy.
WEBSITE; OTHER STATEMENTS No statement contained at the
TPS website (or any other website) or in any other advertisements or
TPS literature or made by an employee or independent contractor of
TPS modifies these Terms and Conditions (including the Software
license, warranty and limitation of liability).
SAFETY Improper use of the receiver can lead to injury to persons or
property and/or malfunction of the product. The receiver should only
be repaired by authorized TPS warranty service centers. Users should
review and heed the safety warnings in an Appendix.

Preface
GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
viii
MISCELLANEOUS The above Terms and Conditions may be
amended, modified, superseded, or canceled, at any time by TPS. The
above Terms and Conditions will be governed by, and construed in
accordance with, the laws of the State of California, without reference
to conflict of laws.
Manual Conventions
This manual uses the following conventions:
Example Description
FileExit Click the File menu and click Exit.
Connection Indicates the name of a dialog box or screen.
Frequency Indicates a field on a dialog box or screen, or a tab
within a dialog box or screen.
Enter Press or click the button or key labeled Enter.
NOTE
Further information to note about the configuration,
maintenance, or setup of a system.
TIP
Supplementary information that can help you
configure, maintain, or set up a system.
NOTICE
Supplementary information that can have an affect
on system operation, system performance,
measurements, or personal safety.
CAUTION
Notification that an action has the potential to
adversely affect system operation, system
performance, data integrity, or personal health.

Manual Conventions
P/N 7010-0926 ix
WARNING
Notification that an action will result in system
damage, loss of data, loss of warranty, or personal
injury.
DANGER
Under no circumstances should this action be
performed.

Preface
GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
Notes:
x

P/N 7010-0926
Chapter 1
1-1
Introduction
The GRS-1 receiver is a dual-frequency, GPS+GLONASS L1, L2
receiver and hand-held controller built to be the most advanced,
compact, and portable receiver for the GIS and surveying market. An
integrated electronic compass and digital camera make the GRS-1 an
all-purpose device that can also be utilized as a field collector.
The GRS-1 receiver is a multi-function, multi-purpose receiver
intended for precision markets. Precision markets means markets for
equipment, subsystems, components and software for surveying,
construction, commercial mapping, civil engineering, precision
agriculture and land-based construction and agriculture machine
control, photogrammetry mapping, hydrographic and any use
reasonably related to the foregoing.
The GRS-1 can received and process both L1 and L2 signals,
improving the accuracy of your survey points and positions. The
GPS+ component of GRS-1 receivers means you can access both the
GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites of the United States, and
the GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites of the
Russian Federation, increasing the number of satellites your receiver
can detect, thus improving the accuracy of your survey points,
increasing productivity, and reducing cost.
The dual-frequency and GPS+ features of the GRS-1 combine to
provide the only real time kinematic (RTK) system accurate for short
and long baselines. Several other features, including multipath
mitigation and co-op tracking, provide under-canopy and low signal
strength reception. The GRS-1 provides the functionality, accuracy,
availability, and integrity needed for fast and easy data collection.

Introduction
GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
1-2
Figure 1-1. GRS-1
Principles of Operation
The GRS-1 is a fully integrated hand-held controller and GPS+
GLONASS L1, L2 receiver. An integrated electronic compass and
digital camera make the GRS-1 an all-purpose, GIS field mapping
unit.
The hand-held controller component of the GRS-1 includes the
Windows® Mobile® operating system and color LCD touch screen.
Integrated Bluetooth® and Wireless LAN technology allows this
system to be a cable-free controller/receiver for maximum portability.
The casing is durable and built for rugged use. As a field controller,
the GRS-1 can run a full suite of field software for working with total
stations and RTK GPS systems.
The GPS+ receiver component of the GRS-1 can receive and
process GPS+GLONASS L1, L2 signals improving the accuracy of
your survey points and positions. The GPS+ features of the receiver
combine to provide a positioning system accurate for any survey.
Several other features, including multipath mitigation, provide under-
canopy and low signal strength reception. When power is turned on
and the receiver self-test completes, the receiver’s 72 channels
initialize and begin tracking visible satellites. Each of the receiver’s

Principles of Operation
P/N 7010-0926 1-3
channels can be used to track any one of the GPS or GLONASS
signals. The number of channels available allows the receiver to track
all visible GPS and Glonass satellites at any time and location.
An internal GPS+GLONASS L1 antenna equipped with a low noise
amplifier (LNA) and the receiver’s radio frequency (RF) device are
connected with a coaxial cable. The wide-band signal received is
down-converted, filtered, digitized, and assigned to different
channels. The receiver processor controls the process of signal
tracking.
Once the signal is locked in the channel, it is demodulated and
necessary signal parameters (carrier and code phases) are measured.
Also, broadcast navigation data are retrieved from the navigation
frame.
GNSS Overview
Currently, the following three global navigation satellite systems
(GNSS) offer line-of-site radio navigation and positioning, velocity,
and time services on a global, all-weather, 24-hour scale to any user
equipped with a GNSS tracking receiver on or near the Earth’s
surface:
• GPS – the Global Positioning System maintained and operated by
the United States Department of Defense. For information on the
status of this system, visit the US Naval Observatory website
(http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/) or the US Coast Guard website
(http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/).
• GLONASS – the Global Navigation Satellite System maintained
and operated by the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense. For
information on the status of this system, visit the Ministry of
Defense website (http://www.glonass-center.ru/frame_e.html).
• GALILEO – an upcoming global positioning system maintained
and operated by Galileo Industries, a joint venture of several
European space agencies working closely with the European
Space Agency. Unlike GPS and GLONASS, this is a civil
endeavor and is currently in the development and validation

Introduction
GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
1-4
stage. For information on the status of this system, visit the
Galileo Industries website (http://www.galileo-industries.net).
Despite numerous technical differences in the implementation of
these systems, satellite positioning systems have three essential
components:
• Space – GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO satellites orbit
approximately 12,000 nautical miles above Earth and are
equipped with a clock and radio. These satellites broadcast digital
information (ephemerides, almanacs, time&frequency
corrections, etc.).
• Control – Ground stations located around the Earth that monitor
the satellites and upload data, including clock corrections and
new ephemerides (satellite positions as a function of time), to
ensure the satellites transmit data properly.
• User – The community and military that use GNSS receivers and
the corresponding satellites to calculate positions.
Calculating Absolute Positions
When calculating an absolute position, a stationary or moving
receiver determines its three-dimensional position with respect to the
origin of an Earth-Center Earth-Fixed coordinate system. To calculate
this position, the receiver measures the distance (called pseudo-
ranges) between it and at least four satellites. The measured pseudo-
ranges are corrected for clock differences (receiver and satellites) and
signal propagation delays due to atmospheric effects. The positions of
the satellites are computed from the ephemeris data transmitted to the
receiver in navigation messages. When using a single satellite system,
the minimum number of satellites needed to compute a position is
four. In a mixed satellite scenario (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO), the
receiver must lock onto at least five satellites to obtain an absolute
position.
To provide fault tolerance using only GPS or only GLONASS, the
receiver must lock onto a fifth satellite. Six satellites will provide
fault tolerance in mixed scenarios.

Principles of Operation
P/N 7010-0926 1-5
Calculating Differential Positions
DGPS, or Differential GPS, typically uses the measurements from
two or more remote receivers to calculate the difference (corrections)
between measurements, thus providing more accurate position
solutions.
With DGPS, one receiver is placed at a known, surveyed location and
is referred to as the reference receiver or base station. Another
receiver is placed at an unknown, location and is referred to as the
remote receiver or rover. The reference station collects the range
measurements from each GPS satellite in view and forms the
differences (corrections) between the calculated distance to the
satellites and the measured pseudo-ranges to the satellites.
These corrections are then built up to the industry standard (RTCM or
various proprietary standards) established for transmitting differential
corrections and broadcast to the remote receiver(s) using a data
communication link. The remote receiver applies the transmitted
DGPS corrections to its range measurements of the same satellites.
Using this technique, the spatially correlated errors—such as satellite
orbital errors, ionospheric errors, and tropospheric errors—can be
significantly reduced, thus improving the position solution accuracy
of the GPS.
A number of differential positioning implementations exist, including
post-processing surveying, real-time kinematic surveying, maritime
radio beacons, geostationary satellites (as with the OmniSTAR
service), and the wide area augmentation system (WAAS) service.
The real-time kinematic (RTK) method is the most precise method of
real-time surveying. RTK requires at least two receivers collecting
navigation data and communication data link between the receivers.
One of the receivers is usually at a known location (Base) and the
other is at an unknown location (Rover). The Base receiver collects
carrier phase measurements, generates RTK corrections, and sends
this data to the Rover receiver. The Rover processes this transmitted
data with its own carrier phase observations to compute its relative

Introduction
GRS-1 Operator’s Manual
1-6
position with high accuracy, achieving an RTK accuracy of up to 1
cm horizontal and 1.5 cm vertical.
Essential Components for Quality Surveying
Achieving quality position results requires the following elements:
• Accuracy – The accuracy of a position primarily depends upon
the satellite geometry (Geometric Dilution of Precision, or
GDOP) and the measurement (ranging) errors.
– Differential positioning (DGPS and RTK) strongly mitigates
atmospheric and orbital errors, and counteracts Selective
Availability (SA) signals the US Department of Defense
transmits with GPS signals.
– The more satellites in view, the stronger the signal, the lower
the DOP number, the higher positioning accuracy.
• Availability – The availability of satellites affects the calculation
of valid positions. The more visible satellites available, the more
valid and accurate the position. Natural and man-made objects
can block, interrupt, and distort signals, lowering the number of
available satellites and adversely affecting signal reception.
• Integrity – Fault tolerance allows a position to have greater
integrity, increasing accuracy. Several factors combine to provide
fault tolerance, including:
– Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) detects
faulty GPS and GLONASS satellites and removes them from
the position calculation.
– Five or more visible satellites for only GPS or only
GLONASS; six or more satellites for mixed scenarios.
– Wide Area Augmentation Systems (WAAS, EGNOS, etc.)
creates and transmit, along with DGPS corrections, data
integrity information (for example, satellite health warnings).
– Current ephemerides and almanacs.