Toshiba T1900 Series User manual

1.1 Features
The Toshiba T1900 Series of computers are among the highest and most advanced notebook
computers available. Utilizing advanced technology and high-speed components, the T1900
and T1900C offer excellent display legibility, battery operation and mM PC/AT compatibility.
The T1900 Series
of computers consist of the following features:
o Microprocessor
The i486SX-20 microprocessor operates
at 20 MHz, 3.3 Volts.
o Cache memory
8
KB of cache memory is stored in the i486SX microprocessor.
o Disk storage
The internal 80, 120, or 200 Megabyte (MB) Hard DiskDrive (HOD) has an
average access time
of 19 milliseconds. A 3.5-inch Floppy DiskDrive (FDD)
supports
2HD floppy disks (1.44 Mbytes) and 2DD floppy disks (720 Kbytes).
o Memory
The
T1900ff1900C comes standard with 4 MB of CMOS Random Access
Memory (RAM) 3.3 Volts. This includes 640
KB of conventional memory and
3,456
KB of extended memory which can be utilized as expanded memory
compatible with the LotuslIntellMicrosoft Expanded Memory Specifications
(LIM-EMS).
o Monochrome LCD (TI900)
The high-resolution, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) displays 64Ox480 pixels with
a 64-level gray scale.
The T1900 internal display controller supports Video Graphics Array (VGA)
functions
on the internal display device.
o STN color LCD (TI900C)
The high-resolution, Ultra Supertwist Nematic (Ultra STN) colorLiquid Crystal
Display (LCD) displays 64Ox480 pixels with 226,981 colors for
both graphics
and characters.
The T1900C internal display controller supports Video Graphics Array (VGA)
functions
on the internal display devices.
1-1

1-2
o Keyboard
An easy-to-use 82184-key enhanced keyboard with full-size keys and standard
spacing
is compatible with mM standard software.
o Batteries
The computer uses three different batteries: a
main battery, a backup battery,
and a Real Time Clock (RTC) battery.
o Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (pCMCIA) card
slot
A PCMCIA slot enables you to install
an MiNC Toshiba card modem or other
industry-standard PCMCIA Release 2.0 card.
o Parallel port
The Centronics-compatible parallel interface port serves two purposes: the port
can be used to connect a Centronics-compatible printer oran external 5 114"
floppy disk drive.
o RS-232-C port
A 9-pin serial interface port.
o Mouseport
The 6-pin mouse port on the back can accommodate
an mM PS/2 mouse.
o Keyboard port
The 6-pin keyboard port on the back
can accommodate an mM PS/2 keyboard.
o Microsoft Ball Point mouse with Quick Port (BPQP) connection
The BPQP port
is located on the right side of the TI9001TI900C.
o RGBport
The IS-pin
RGB port on the back can accommodate an external video display.
o Memory card slot
The memory card slot enables you to install a Toshiba optional memory card.

The T1900ff1900C Personal Computer is shown in Figure 1-1, and its system configuration
is shown in Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-1 T19001T190OC Personal Computer
r---------------------------------------,
PJ11
PJ3
PJ6
PJ7
PJ4
PJ9
PJ2
FATSUe
System
Board
PJ1
PJ5
PJ10
PJ502
I
,
,
,
,
,
1- ________ _
Power Supply
PJ206
PJ205
FATSLe
System
Board
PJ204
PJ203
PJ202
PJ201
Figure J-2 TJ900ITJ90OC System Unit Configuration
1-3

1.2 System Unit Block Diagram
Figure 1-3 is a block diagram of the T1900fI'1900C system unit.
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1-4
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(CACHE 8KB)
(J
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B5V : Badwp 5V ( +5V )
ATC 3V: RTC Backup (+3V)
MeV : Pawer supply
mlcrapracas80r ( +3.3V )
CPU3V : +3.3V
(+3.3V)
83V: Baclwp3.3V (+3.3V)
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Figure 1-3 T19001T190OC System BoardBlockDiagram

The T19001T1900C system board is composed of the following major components:
o An i486SX-20 CPU
o Super Integration (SI) T9901, which stores the following components:
• Two Direct Memory Access Controllers (DMAC): 82C37
• Two Programmable Interrupt Controllers (PIC): 82C59
• One Programmable Interval Timer (pIT): 82C54
• One Floppy Disk Controller (FOC): TC8565
• One Serial Input/Output Controller (SID): TC8570
• One Variable Frequency Oscillator (VFO): TC8568
• One I/O Controller
• One Printer Port Controller
• One Speaker Controller
o A Real Time Clock (RTC)
A T9934 chip with 128 bytes
of memory is used. Fourteen bytes are used for the
calendar and clock, and the remaining 114 bytes are used for system configura-
tion data.
OSC (X3) generates 32.768 KHz for RTC.
o A Keyboard Controller (KBC)
AnM37452M4 chip is used.
The KBC, which includes the keyboard scan controller and keyboard interface
controller, controls the internal keyboard, external keyboard port, PS/2 mouse
port, and Ball Point Quick Port.
o Memory
Standard RAM:
Cache memory:
BIOS ROM:
Video RAM:
4MB
8 KB (inside CPU)
128 KB (96 KB are used)
This
ROM contains Initial Reliability Test (IRT), Basic
Input/Output System (BIOS), and video BIOS.
256KB
Optional memory cards expand memory to a maximum of 20 MB.
o VGA display controller
The controller controls the internal and external VGA-compatible display.
1-5

1-6
o Clock Generator receives 14.31818 MHz (Xl) and generates the following
frequencies:
• 20 MHz for the CPU
• 14.7456
MHz for the COM
•
24 MHz for the FOC and VFO
• 16 MHz is used for GA
• 14.31818 MHz is used for T9901 (SI)
o Gate Array
System Controller Gate Array
This gate array
has the following functions:
• Memory Controller
-DRAM Controller
-CPU Controller
-Compatible Bus Interface Controller
• Bus Controller
-Compatible Bus Interface Controller
-Compatible Access Controller
-
DMAC Controller
- 110 Controller
• Address Latch Controller
-32-Bit to 16-Bit Controller
-Address Latch
-DMA Address Generator
-Refresh Address Generator
• 110 Register
-Compatible
110 Port
-Saving the data
of the Register (in resume) Controller
-Toshiba Special Register
• 20 MHz/10 MHz Controller
• Data Bus Change Controller
• DataLatch
PCMCIA Gate Array
This gate array
has the following functions:
• Memory Card Controller
-PCMCIA IC Card Controller
-Toshiba Modem Card Controller

1.3 3.5-inch Floppy Disk Drive
The T1900ff1900C 3.S-inch Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) is a thin, high-perfonnance reliable
drive that supports 720 KB (formatted) 2DD and 1.44 MB (formatted) 2HD 3.S-inch floppy
disks.
The T1900ff1900C FDD is shown in Figure 1-4, and its specifications are described in Table
1-1.
Figure 1-4 3.5-inch FDD
Table 1-1 3.5-inch FDD Specifications
Item 2MBMode
1 MBMode
Storage capacity (KB)
Unformatted 2,000 1,000
Formatted
1,311
737
Number of heads 2 2
Number of cylinders 80 80
Access time (rna)
Trackto track 3 3
Average
181 181
Head settling time 15 15
Recording track density (tpi) 135 135
Data transfer rate (Kbps)
500 250
Rotation speed (rpm) 300 300
Recording method Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM)
1-7

1.4 2.5-inch Hard Disk Drive
The Hard DiskDrive (HOD) is a random access, non-volatile storage device. It has a non-
removable 2.5-inch magnetic disk and mini-winchester type magnetic heads.
T1900ff1900C supports 80, 120, and 200 MB hard disk drives.
The T1900ff1900C
HDD is shown in Figure 1-5, and its specifications are described in Table
1-2.
Figure 1-5 2.5-inch HDD
Table 1-2 2.5-inch HDD Specifications
SOMB 120MB
200MB
Item (CP2084) (MK1422FCV) (CP2124) (MK2124FC) (MK2224FC)
Stora~ capac:!}, (MB)
ormatte 85.2 86.0 121.6 130.1 213.0
Number of disks 2 1 2 2 2
Data heads 4 2 4 4 4
Data surfaces 4 2 4 4 4
Tracks
per surface 1,096 1,501 1,123 1,155 1,560
Sectors per track
38(+1)
56(+1)
53 (+1) 55(+1)
-
Bytes per sector 512 512 512 512 512
Access time (ms)
Track
to track
10 3 10 5 3
Average
19
15
17 17
12
Maximum
40
25
35 36
25
Rotation speed (rpm) 3,486 3,600 3,743 3,200 4,000
Data transfer rate (bps)
ToIfrom media
12M 17.6M
IBM 15.3M 18.9 to
31.6 M
Interleave 1
:1 1 :1 1 :1 1 :1
1 :1
Recording method 2-7RLU 1-7 RLL
2-7 RLU 1-7 RLL 1-7 RLL
1-7 RLL
1-7 RLL
1-8

1.5 Keyboard
The 82-(USA) or 84-(European) keyboard is mounted on the TI900/T1900C's system unit,
and is connected
to the keyboard controller on the system board through a 19-pin flat cable.
The keyboard is shown in Figure 1-6.
See Appendix F for optional keyboard configurations.
Figure 1-6 Keyboard
1-9

1.6 Sidelit Liquid Crystal Display (T1900)
The sidellt Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is composed of an LCD module, aFluorescent Lamp
(FL), and an FL inverter board.
1.6.1 LCD Module (T1900)
The T 1900 sidellt LCD supports 64Ox480 pixels with a High Resolution Graphics Subsystem
(HRGS) and 64 levels of gray. The HRGS includes the functions of the Video Graphics Array
(VGA).
The LCD receives vertical and horizontal synchronizing signals, 8-bit data signals (4-bit upper
block data
signal and 4-bit lower block data signal), and shift clock for data transmission. All
signals are CMOS-level compatible.
The sidellt
LCD is shown in Figure 1-7, and its specifications are described in Table 1-3.
Figure 1-7 Sidelit LCD
Table 1-3 Sidelit LCDSpecifications
Item Specifications
Number of Dots (clots) 640 x 480
Dot pitch (mm) 0.30 (W) x 0.30 (H)
Display area (mm)
198 (W) x 150 (H)
Contrast 17:1 (typically)
FL current (rnA) 5.0
FL frequency (KHz) 42
1-10

1.6.2 Fluorescent Lamp (FL) Inverter Board (T1900)
The FL inverter board supplies the high frequency current needed to illuminate the FL.
Specifications for the
FL inverter board are described in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4 FL Inverter BoardSpecifications
Item Specifications
Input
Voltage (VOC)
5
Power
(W) 2.2
Output Voltage
(VAC)
950
Current
(rnA) 4.2
Frequency (KHz) 38.5
1-11

1.7 STN Color LCD Display (T1900C)
The STN Color Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) contains an LCD module, two (2) Fluorescent
Lamps (FLs) and an
FL inverter board.
1.7.1 STN Color LCD Module(T1900C)
The Tl900C STN color LCD is backlit and supports 64Ox480 pixels with a High Resolution
Graphics Subsystem (HRGS). This HRGS includes the functions
of Video Graphics Array
(VGA).
The T1900C's LCD receives vertical and horizontal synchronizing signals, 8-bit data signal, 4-
bit upper block data signal, 4-bit lower block data signal, and shift clock for data transmission.
All signals are CMOS-level compatible.
The
STN LCD is shown in Figure 1-8, and its specifications are described in Table 1-5.
Figure 1-8 STN Color LCD
Table 1-5 S1NColor LCD Specifications
Item Specifications
Number of Dots (dots) 64Ox480
Dot pitch (mm) 0.3 (W) x 0.3 (H)
Display area
(mm)
195 (W) x 147 (H)
Contrast 18: 1 (Typically)
FLcurrent (mA) 5.0
FL frequency (KHz) 47
1-12

1.7.2 Fluorescent Lamp (FL) Inverter Board (T1900C)
The FL inverter board supplies high frequency current to light the LCD's Fluorescent Lamp.
Specifications for the
FL inverter are described in Table 1-6.
Table 1-6 FL Inverter BoardSpecifications
Item Specifications
Input Voltage
(VOC)
5
Power
(W) 6
Output
Voltage
(VAC) 1,000
Current
(rnA)
5.0
Frequency
(KHz) 42
1-13

1.8 Power Supply
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The T1900ff1900C power supply board has one microprocessor and operates at 500 KHz.
The board performs the following functions:
1. Determines if the AC adapter or battery is connected to the computer.
2. Detects DC output and circuit malfunctions.
3. Controls the LED indicator and speaker.
4. Turns the battery charging system on and offand detects a fully charged
battery.
5. Determines if the power can be turned on and off.
6. Provides more accurate detection ofa low battery.
7. Calculates the remaining battery capacity.
The power supply board output rating
is specified in Table 1-7.
Table 1-7 Power Supply BoardOutput Rating
DC
R~ulatlon
Maximum
Use for
Name
Voltage Toeranee Current
RiP~e
(V) (%) (mA)
(m
System logic, FDD, HOD, VCC
+5
±5
3,500 100
Display
RS-232-C, Flash ROM 12V +12
±5 120 240
RAM, CPU B3V +3.3
±5
755 66
RS-232-C M12V -7
to -12.6 -10 -
1-14

1.9 Batteries
The T19001T1900C has three types of batteries:
o Main battery pack
o Backup battery
o Real Time Clock (RTC) battery
Specifications for these batteries are described in Table 1-8.
Table 1-8 Battery Specifications
Battery Name Material Output Voltage Capacity
Main battery Nickel Metal Hydride
12V
2,400mAH
Backup battery Nickel Metal Hydride
1.2V
1,100 mAH
RTC battery Lithium-Vanadium 3.0 V
50mAH
1.9.1 Main Battery
The removable main battery pack is the computer's main power source when the AC adapter
is not attached. The main battery recharges the backup battery when the system's power is
on. The backup and main battery maintain the state of the computer when you enable
AutoResume, and they maintain the information inHard RAM.
Q Battery Indicator
The Battery Indicator, located on the top cover of the T1900ff1900C, shows the status of the
removable battery pack, power supply and AC adapter.
The status of each can be determined by color:
Orange The battery is being charged. (AC adapter is attached.)
Green The battery is fully charged. (AC adapter is attached.)
No
light The AC adapter is disconnected from the computer, or the AC adapter is
attached but it cannot charge the battery for one of the following reasons:
o The battery is extremely hot. Allow the computer and the battery
to reach
room temperature before attempting to charge the battery.
o The battery is almost fully discharged. The battery will not begin
charging immediately in this state, it will begin charging a few
minutes after the AC adapter is connected.
1-15

1.9.2 Battery Charging Control
Battery charging is controlled by a microprocessor that is mounted onthe power supply. This
microprocessor controls whether the charge is on
or off and detects a full charge when the AC
adapter and battery are attached to the computer. The system charges the battery using quick
charge
or trickle charge.
Q QuickBattery Charge
When the AC adapter is attached, there are two types of charge: quick charge when the
system is powered off, and trickle charge when the system is powered on.
Table 1-9 Time Required/orCharges a/the Main Battery
Charge Kind of Battery Charging Tlma
Quick charge
(poweroff) Nickel Metal Hydride About 2 hours
Trickle charge
(poweron) Nickel Metal Hydride About
48 hours
If one of the following occurs, the battery quick-charge process stops.
1. The battery becomes fully charged
2. The AC adapter or battery is removed.
3. The battery
or AC adapter output voltage is abnormal.
Q Trickle Battery Charge
When the main battery is fully charged and the AC adapter is attached, the power supply
microprocessor automatically changes quick charge 1
or 2 to trickle charge.
1-16

1.9.3 Backup Battery
The backup battery maintains data for AutoResume and Hard RAM. The power source used
to back-up the AutoResume orHard-RAM data
is determined according to the following
priority:
AC adapter> Main battery> Backup battery
The backup battery
is charged by the main battery or AC adapter when the system is powered
on. Table 1-10 shows the charging time and data preservation period of the backup battery.
Table 1-10 Backup Battery CharginglData Preservation Time
Backup BaHery Time
Charging Time Power On 16 Hours
Power Off (with AC adapter)
60 Hours
Power Off (without AC adapter)
Doesn't charge
Data Preservation Period (full charge)
8 Hours
1.9.4 RTC Battery
The RTC battery provides power to keep the current date, time and other setup information in
memory while the computer is turned off. Table 1-11 shows the charging time and data
preservation period
of the RTC battery.
Table 1-11 RTCBattery CharginglData Preservation Time
RTC BatteI'{ Time
Charging Time
Power On 24 Hours
Power Off 24 Hours
Data Preservation Period (full charge) 1 Month
1-17
...

2.1 Troubleshooting
Chapter 2 describes how to determine if a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) in the T1900/
TI900C is causing the computer
to malfunction. FRUs covered include the:
1. Upper and Lower System Boards
2. Floppy Disk Drive
3. Hard Disk Drive
4. Keyboard
5. Display
The Diagnostics Disk operations are described in Chapter 3 and detailed replacement
procedures are given in Chapter 4.
The following tools are necessary for implementing the troubleshooting procedures:
1. T1900/T1900C Diagnostics Disk
2. Phillips head screwdriver (2 mm)
3. Toshiba MS-DOS system disk(s)
4. 2DD or 2HD formatted work disk for floppy disk drive testing
5. Cleaning kit for floppy disk drive troubleshooting
6. Printer port LED
7. RS-232-C wraparound connector
8. Printer wraparound connector
9. Multimeter
10. External 5.25-inch floppy disk drive
11. External CRT
2-1

2.2 Troubleshooting Flowchart
Use the flowchart in Figure 2-1 as a guide for determining which troubleshooting procedures
to execute. Before going through the flowchart steps, verifY the following:
2-2
o Ask the user if a password is registered, and if it is, ask him or her to enter the
password.
If the user has forgotten the password, connect the printer port
wraparound board (F31PRT), then turn the
POWER switch on. The computer
will override the password function by erasing the current password.
o VerifY with the customerthat Toshiba MS-DOS is installed on the hard disk.
Non-Toshiba operating systems can cause the computer
to malfunction.
o Make sure all optional equipment is disconnected from the computer.
o Make sure the floppy disk drive is empty.

No Perform .... Pow.- ~ply
BoenITroubIeahootlrici
Procedures inSection 2".3.
Yes Perform the Power Supply
BoenI Troublnhootlrig
Procedu .... inSection 2".3.
Yes Perform the System Board
~..:..:;.;:: .. Troubluhootlng Procedu ....
in Section 2.4.
No Perform the D.lay
~..,;.;.;:. .. Trou"'hootlrlg Procedur.
inSection 2.8.
No Perform .... Hard DIlle DrIve
Troubleshooting Procedures
inSection 2.6.
Figure 2-1 Troubleshooting Flowchart (1/2)
2-3