TURNER DESIGN AQUAFLUOR User manual

Handheld Fluorometer and Turbidimeter
User's Manual
Dated: 3/08/0I
Version. 1.1
PIN 998·0851
TURNER OESIGNS
815 W MadIA-.. .Si.rny4IIt. CA 9Ql5
IQ} 148-01194 • FAX (4OlI) 1G01118
- -~ · "b"1.an...l 1 6..f1()t!l

TableofConten ts
I. Int ro duction
1.1 De sc ri ption ........................................ .. ....... 4
1.2 In s pe ction a nd Setup .......... .. .. .. ..................4
I.J Genern ll nfomlation and Precautions .......... 5
2. Quick Vi ew Dira g rram s ....... .... .. .. ........... .. ...........6
J. Ins trum ent Pnr. :un ete rs
3. 1 Fiml\vare Ao wc han ..................................... S
32 In strume nt Power Up ................. .. .............. 10
33 Au orescence or Tu rbi dity Channel .. ......... 10
3 .4 CalibrationStandard Va lu e ................... .. ... 10
3.5 Calib ra t ion .................................. .. ........... .. 10
. l6 Sample Anal ys is ........... ... ... .. .. ................. .. II
3.7 Imemal Dat a Logging (IDL) ........... .. ......... 11
3 .7. 1 Ac tiva te Data Logg in g ................ 12
3.7 .2 Download Data ............. .... .......... 12
3. 7 .3 Er ase Data ................................... 12
3.8 Di agnos ti c In fo m la ti on .............................. 12
4. Gen era lConsiderntions fo r Analys is
4 .1 Handli ng Samples ...................................... IJ
4.2 Linear Ra nge a nd Quenc hi ng .................... IJ
43 Te mpera lU re Considerations...................... 15
4.4 Positio nin g Samples .................................. 15
45 Da taQu al it y................................... .... ...... .. 15
5. Warranty
5. 1 Tenns .... ... ................................................. 16
52 Warra nt y Service ....................................... 17
53 Out of Wam my Service ............................ 18
Aq ll (f fl uorn! Use r's Manual 2

A pp endices:
A. Ins trum ent SI )e<! ilicotions
A I. GeneralSpec ifi c:uions .................. .. . .... ..... 19
A1. Optical and Application Specifications ..... 19
D. Inte rna l 00 10 Logging
BI. Shipping Check li st ................................ .... :D
B :!. Ha rd ware Requirements ........................... .. J)
B J. In stall: lIi on ......... ... .... .. ......... .. .... .. .. ...... ...... ])
B-'. Connecting ...... .. .. ....... .. .................. .. ......... J)
B 5. Real Time DaHl Transfer ............................. 21
B6. ID L Tr oublesh oo ting ............................... .. :!?:
C. I II \'iI'oC hl oro phy ll .. ....................................... 23
Aq // (/ flu o rT\! Use r' s /l. la flu al 3
I. Inll-oduc ti on
1.1 Description
TheAqllofluo rn.! is adual-channel mini flu oromet er
designed for quick. eas y and aecum!e nu o rc sc e~ce
and turbidity m ea surements. When properly cahbmted
wi th a standard of kn own concentration. th e
Aqllofluorn.! di splays th e actual co ncentmtion of the
compound.
1. 2 In spec ti on and Setup
•
•
•
•
•
1.2.1 Inspection
Upon receiving your instrumem. please inspect.
everything carefully and make sure all accesso
nc s arc
presen t. A ll shipments include:
TheAqllofluor™
The User's Manual
4 AAA batteries
4 Polystyrene cu ve ttes
Storage Pouch
1.2.2
Se tup
Before th e Aqllo flu orn.!can be used. the supplied
batteries must
be insta ll ed .
1. On the backside of th e instrum ent . loosen th e SC TC \\
and
re move the baltery panel (see Section 2 for
diagrrun).
2 Install th e 4 AAA batteries into th e approp ri ate space s.
3. Replace th e ba ll ery panel and tighten the scre w. 11le
panel has an o-ring, which creates a watertight seal.
The battery panel may be difficult to install if there is no
Aqllafluo r T).! User's Manual

lubricati On on th e o or i ng . Use a silicon based o- rin g
grease to lubric:llc the o-ring ir ne cess; lr y.
13 Gcncr.tllnfonnation and Precautions
•
•
•
•
The sample co mpartmc nt cannot acccpt glass or
qualll cu\ctle s.
A minimum \'olume of 21111s in a lO x 10 cu ve tt e is
requircd for best results.
Mo id ha vi ng any :lir bubbles in YO U1 ' sample. The}
c:m significantly affect the nuoresccnt rcading.
F
or beSt results measuring l ow turbidities. use good
polystyrene cu
vc llC S(PIN 7000-957). SeeSection
~A fo r further infommt iO I1 .
Aq
ll o nu ol'nl User's Manual 5
2. Qu ick View Dingmllls
1
1. 42
I
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Aquo nu or™ User's Manual
7.32
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Aql l ll nuo r™ User 's Man ual 7
3. In strume nt P aram eters
3.1 Finnware Flo wc han
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9
Inst rum e nt Power Up
To tum on th e A lflw rlu or ™, press the < ON /OFF> b utt on, The
inst
ru me nt takes 5 seconds to wann up , After the \\ anll u p, the
Aqllarluor n., is ready foro per- lli on.
Fluo re sce nce orTu rb i di lYCh: lI1 l1c l
Choose th e a pp ro pri ate cha nn el for }o ur an aly sis. To do thi s.
press th e <A lB> b utt on to toggle between the 2 c han ne ls,
The ac
ti v at ed chann el wi ll be di splayed in th e lower left comer
of
th e Home screen.
OlL
RIVT
lRB
=C hl oro phy ll
= Rh oda min c \VT
=Tu rbi dity
Ca
li brnti onStandard Va lue
Befo re pe rforming a calib ra tion. se t the value of your standa rd .
P
re ss the <S TO VAL> bulton.
Use th e up and do wn arrows to adjust th e sta nda rd valu \!.
H ol di ng eitherarrow bu tt on down wi ll ac ti v at e fasterscro ll ing.
When fi ni shed. Pre ss <ESC> or <ENT> to acce pt t he \'a lu c
and
10 re l urn to th e Ho me screen,
Calibration
Werecommcnd thai
yo ualwa ys calibrnlc befo re pe rfonning
any sample analysis. A rt er Ihe initialcalibr at ion. Ih e
Aqllarluo
r" s so li d standa rd c an be used \0 check fo r in st ru -
ment drift and rec alibrat io n.

I. Pre !;S Ihe <CAL> bU ll on.
2. Press <ENT> 10 s lanlhc calibr:nion.
3. InStil your blank and press <ENT>. TheAqlla OuorTht w ill
alerage Ihe nuoresccnce for 10 seco nd s.
·t In sen I he ca libr:nion s l<lnd<lrd and press <E NT >.
5. Prc. ss <~NT> when the calibr:nion is co mplclc 10 accept the
c~ lt bralton. I ~ <ENT> is not pressed wi th in 10 seconds. you
WII] be asked If you MIl ItIO abon the calibration. Press the
up or d ow n aITOII to abon or accepllhc calibr.lIion respec_
tin!'! y.
If at all }time during sleps I · ~ you wa lll to Stop the calibra-
t io n. press <ESC>. This \Ii ll retu rn you to the Home screen
and will default the in stnunent 10 th e prcl'ious ca li bration.
3.6 Sample An31ysis
I. In sert your sample.
2. Pre ssei th cr <READ> bt llt on. The in strume nt wi ll
autor:lIlge,
th en measure and average th e flu orescen ce
signal ol 'er a 5-sccond i lll erv aJ.
3. The re sult wi ll be di sp layed at the top and center of the
Home screen.
-t The t Op le f! come r w ill di sp la y "WA IT' for 5 seco nd s.
Once "WA l r' disappears. another sample reading can be
perfonnt.-d.
3.7 Intemal Data Logging (lOLl
This is an o p(i o nal fC3lure. I flhis feature has been pur-
chased. yourAqllanuor
nt
can l og up to I <XX> dala points.
The.DATA screens
co ntrol logg in g. d O\\ lll oading and
er:lSlIIg the
d3l a. For further infonnatlon.see Appendix B.
Al/llanU Ol·™ Uscr's Manual "
3.7. 1 Acth' 31e Data Logging
I. Press the: <D ATA> buil on 2lim es .
2. Press <ENT> to toggle be tween logging and stop Statuses.
3. Press <ESC> when l'ini sh ed 10 return iO \he Home screen.
3.7.2 Download Data
I. Connect t ht! Aqlt ll nuor Th1 lo the serial pon of )"o ur computer.
2. Open th e Turner I:>c: sign !> Inte rf ace So fl ware:. See Appendix
Bf or comput er requirements and in stallation.
3. Press the <DATA> button 3 limes.
4. Press <ENT> 5 ti mes to !>Imt l~ dala dow nl oad.
5. Press <ESC> when finished to return to the Horne screen.
3.7.3 Erase Data
l. Pre S!; th e <DATA> bUllo n 4 time S.
2 Press <ENT> 5 ti m es to erase lI lll ogged dala.
1 Press <ESC> when finished to retul1lto Ihe HO lli e screen.
3.8 Diagnos ti c Information
I. Press <DlAG> to access th e diagn os ti c screens.
2 The first screen shows lhe number of dam points available
for inte rn al data logging.
3. Press <ENT> to toggle tOlhe %FS (Full Scale) va lues from
the clllibration blank and slandlrd.
4. Press <ESC> when finished 10 re turn 10 the Home screen.

4. Ce n era l Co nsi derations for
L T:\h.c cafe not 10 sp ill samples 111\0 the sample chamber.
Wipe up any spills promptly.
2. The Aqllllnuor
nt
is "cry sen si tive ilnd e\en small r U1l 0unts
of m:lIcrial from :I pre\ i OliS s.1m pl e 1I13 Y resuh in errors. Use
a clean eU\ene for all readings. Thoro ugh and proper
cleaning of cu "c nes between s ample readings is essential.
and is especially important if you an.: using the same
cuvc tt e for samples and bl:lllk.
3. Fililhe e ll \ cite alieaSI501'f full (1m ls).Significant clTO rcan
res ult if the cu ve ll e d oes not co ntain thi s minimulll vo lume.
... The cu ve lle 1\1UST BE DR Yonthe outside when taking
readings.
~Io i s tll re and condensmion on the o ut side cnn
result
in error.
5. Minute bubbles in samples will ca u se drifting readings.
Take care
nOI to Introduce bubbles into s:tlllpies. Slight
tapping with
}o ur finger on the outside cuveue wa ll will III
often help dissipate bubbles.
·t?: Linear Ran ge a.nd Quenching
The linenr range is the
co n ce ntration range in \1 hich the rendout
of the Aql/(/fiuorThI is directly Il ropo ni ona.lto the
cO l1 centrmion of the fluorollhore. Th e lincar range bcgllls with
the
sma ll es t dctectable concentration and spa ns to all
Aqll(lfluor™ U~ r 's ~Iallual
13
"
u
c
"
~
~
o
=>
u:
upper lim it (concemnttioll) thm is dependent upon: the
propenie s of the nuore scent mm eria l. the filters u sed. and
the path length.
A nonlinear relrllionship is seen at very high concentrations
where the fluorescence signal d oes 110( increase at a co n-
stant
Nne in comparison to the ch: lI1 ge in co ncentratio n. At
e\'en highercon ce nu-ations. nu orescen ce signal will de-
crease e\'e n though the sa mple co n ce ntrntiO ll S are greater.
This effect is known as
"s ignal quenching" .
Linearity may
be checked by diluting a sa mple I:I or so me
otherconve niem r3lio (be sure to use yo ur matrix blank for
the dilutions). Ifthe s.. 1mple is within the lin ear range. the
reading will decrease in direct
proponi on to the dilution. If
the reading does not de crease in direct propo ni on to the
dilulion
or if the rending increases. the s ample is beyond the
linear range of yo ur fluorophore.
F1uorophore cone.
Aqllafluor™ User' s Manual 14

4. .3 Tcmpcrnturc Consid.:rntions
Au or esc cnce IStempernturc sens it ive. As the tempcrnture of
the sample IIl creascs. the flu orescence de creases. For t
accuracy. re ad blan k. standard. and s.1 mples allh e same
lem
pc l':tturc.
~.4 P m. iti oningSamples
Fo r 10\\ conce nt ration samples. cu ve ues o ft en w ill <Ji ve
s li ghtly diffe renlm easurcmc llI s depending upon I ~ i r
~ n c nt a ti o n in Ih e sample co mpartment. This is due 10 defects
In the shape of the cu\ ette Ih m are nOI \ isible to the human
eye. We r eco mmend that th e cu Ve li c be marked :u tile
POs i t i ~ lI :d in the 5. 1l11p le compartme nt lhe same wayeach
10 11IIIIIIIlI Ze error.
We
ha \e found thm tu rbidity is partic ul a rl y sensiti ve to th Is
fa CIO I' . We recommend for be St re sults. us in g high quality
pol
ys tyrene cu ve tles (P IN 7 000 -9571which showed li ttl e
o ri e nt ation a nd cuveue 10 cu vc uc v:mauo ll in testina
0 '
~ .5 Data Qualily
Th e AqulI nu orn l is only as a cc urate as the standa rd s Ihat a re
used t oc ahbrate it. This is why it is i mpon :lIlt 10 take care
when preparing stand
:l rd s. samples. and bla nk . One should
follo\\ good laborato
ry practices .... hen pfepming all solulions
a nd rC :l ge nt :;.
"
Tume r De signs watT:l I1l S th e Aqllufluor
n1
Fluoro 1llet er a nd
accesso ri es to be free f ro m defects in mate ri als and wO I'kman-
ship u nd er nomlal use and s er vice for a period of one year
from th e time of imti(ll pUl' c h:l se. with the fo ll ow in g rest l'i c-
tions:
I. Th e instrume nt an d a cces$O ri es mU SI be in stalkd. po\\ crcd.
and operatcd in complian
ce wilh Ihe direc ti ons in this
dQlla flu ortM U$« ( s Manual and di re ctions accompanying
the nc cesso ri es.
2. Damage incurred in shipping is ll2lco\'e re d.
3, Damage
re sulting from mcasuremc nt of samples found to be
in co mpatible with the rn atc ri:l ls used in th c sample system is
ll21 co\ 'cred.
4, Damage re sulting from co nt act wi th co rrosi"e matcrial so r
atmos ph ere is lliI.l covered.
5. Damage from se.1W
ate r and olher moder.llcly cOlTOs h'c
materials that are not promptly rem ov ed from th e instrume nt
are I!2l co ve red.
6. Damnge cn used by modi fi cation or the instrume nt by th e
customer is
ll21 covc re d.

5.:! \\':ur.mIYSerdCI!
To obla lll sen ice during th e \\1a n ':l llt } period. th e owner
sh:llltal..e the
fo ll o\\ ing steps:
I. Wri te or ca ll the Turner De signs sen ice depanment and
de~c nbe as precisely :IS possible th e n:lture of the
problem.
2 Carry out minor adjustments or tests :u. suggested b} the
Scn icc Depanmen t.
J If proper perfonn:1nce is not obtained. ship the instru-
ment. prepaid. to Turner
De sign s. \\ilh a statement of
shippmg c hat -ges. The instrument w ill be repaired and
n! turned free of charge. along with a check to co\cr
shippmg charges. for all customers in Ihe contiguous
continental United States.
For customers
oU ls id e of Ih e contiguous continental United
States. and
\\ ho ha\e purchased our equipment from o ne of
our autho ri zed distribu lOB. contact th e disu'ibut or. If you
have purchased
di rect. contact us. We will repair th e
instnunent al no charge.
but we wi ll not pay for shipment.
documentation. etc. These charges \\ ill be bitted at cost.
NQ.IEl Under DO condi ti ons should the instrument or
accessories be retll l1l ed wi th ouillotice. Pri or correspon-
dence
is needed:
a. To ensure that th e problem is not a tri vial one. eas il y
handled in your laborator y. with consequent S:I\ ings to
e\eryone.
b. To specifically detemline the nature of the problem.
so that repair can
be rapid. with panicul:lr allenlion
paid 10 t he defect you have n Oh!u.
Al/llofluorT\t User's Manual
17
5.3 Oll t-of-Warranty SeJ"\'ice
Proceed e'(actly as for Warmnty Sen ice. above. If our
service depanmellt can assisl you b) phone or cOlTespon-
dence. we wi ll be glad 10. al no charge.
Rep3irservice
wi ll be billed on a basis of time and maleri-
31s. Acomplele statement or time spent and materi: ll s used
will be sup pli ed. Shipment to Tumer Designs should be
prepaid. Your bill witl include retum shipment freig ht
charges.
Address r orS hipment:
Turner Designs
8"-5 W.!\laude A\e.
Sunnyvale. CA <).U)85
Aqllonuor™ User's M3nual
IS

f\ IJIX=IIUIA ...,.: lI~lI ' Umt:1lI ",peC III C ~lll O l lS
AI. Gencrnl Specificati ons
SD«ilictllion Descri lion
Siu
I.7s".'( 3.5".'( 7.25"
(~ A5c01'\8 .9cmx 18 .-k01I
Wdght 13.90z
(OAkg)
Dynamic r:mge 3orders of magnilu<k
Resolution
12 bIts
LCD Di sp la y 2. '( 16ch:lr.lCters
c,'"
Meets IP 67 Standard: dustproof:md
\\ aterproof
Temper:nun!
~1-1~ · F : S...JOOC
I)cteclOr Pholodiodes: m e3Sure me lll
cap3bility from300-IOOOnm
Calibra
ti on T) I)I!
Single-paim and bl anl
AI:ums 1.0\\ b::mery. circuit railure.
Hi gh blank
Cuvelle Typt IOmm'(
IOmm pl 3S t ic
Warm Up Ti me 5 seconds
Automatic Po\\er After
90 seconds of inacti\ il~
Donn
A1. Optical and Applic:lIion Specifications
Chlorophy
ll Rhodamine Turbidity
Channel Ch:umel Channel
L lgln SOl l rce Blu e LED Green L ED Green LED
E.~cit:lliQn -160: "Olllll 5-Uh-20nrn S lhlOnm
o li c~
Emi ssion >66Sn01 >S7Onm SIS:IOnm
Oplies
Lnllil of
Dch .. 'C' li on
O.15ug/l
OAppb O.SNTU
Max ran ge > 800 ppb >.IDOpp b >150 NTU
Temper:nurc
IA' d e O.U:!6/"C
NIA
coefficients
Liue ar
E xpu nc llI ml
Aqllilfluor nl Uscr"s ~ I a ntl a l
19
III Apl)endix B: Inl er mll Datalogging
BI. Shipp in gCheck li st
In stmme nt s with intcmal datn logging purchased will also
recei\'e in their shipment:
•
Int erfacecable
Tumer Designs Spreadsheet Interface Software (2 disks)
•
Bo th of th ese it ems are necessary for reu ie\ing th e stored
dal3 in the Aqllafluor
nl
..
B2. Hardware Requirements
•
•
•
PC wi thWindows 95 or Intcr
MS Excel5.00rlater
At least I available serial pe l1
B 3. In stallation
I. Exit a11 Windows program s.
2 In sert Di sk I and mn the setup program.
3. TIle se tup wizard will install th e necessary filt:s. YOLl will be
prompted f or Di sk 2 when necess.'lry.
4. When the se tu p is complete. an icon named "_T O :? .... will be
found in the "'Program s'" me nu .
5. Restart your comput er.
B~ . Connecting
I. Using th e pro\'ided cable. connect the 9 pi n adapt er of
the cable into the :l\'ailable serial
pen of your computer.
Aqllofluor™ User's r. ·lanual '0

I. Pl ug the opposite cnd or the: cable ima the base of
the Alfllafl uorTM,
2. Open MS Ex cel 5.0orlater.
3. Open the TD?: spreads hc<!t imetface software. __
4. Cl i ck o ill he 00:< [0 [he right of the CO"" 1)011 icon [0 .,..
select Ihe app.-oprionc CO!\I poll. This is usua ll y
CO!\I POlt 2.
5. CUd. on "$t, II "', The progrnm will ope n:1II E ~cc l
spre:'ldshcct for daw transfer. The boxes l ef t of the
COM pon and 1\ '15 Ex c el should bOlh be green.
6. Follow the directions from Sect ion 3.7 forcolkcting
and d ow nloading dala from the Aqlllln u orT~I. Dala
\ ... il1 automatical ly :tppearil1lhe excel spreadsheet.
BE SURE[0 sav e thisdal3 BEFOREclosing the TD
so ft ware.
85 . Rea lTime D:lIa Trnosfcr
Data c an :llso be Ir:tnsfcrrcd din.'Clty [0 the co mputer after
t:!:lch reading. To do so:
I. Slopdma logging (see 3.7. 1)
2 Follow SICpS 1·6
of 84 \0 crate the connection
be tween lhe Aqu(lnuor
nl
and your computer.
3. Insert a sample and press th e <READ> bUllon. The
re su lt s will automatically tr.\nsfer to the acti\'c Excel
spreadsheet.
Aqllanuor™ U
ser's Manual 21
..
B.6 IDLTroublesh oo ting
Difficulties C:1Il arise when p:U1ltlle tcrs arc sct incolTeclly o.
co
nn ections with t ~ cable are not tight enoug h. Here are
somecommon problems.
I. Box to the left of the COM pon is red. This means Ihallhe
CO)'.'. port is nO lavai lable. Causes:
a. Another instrument or program (such as palm
p il otl hot sync) could be occupying the pon.
making it unavailable. t-.hJ..e sure to close a\l
programs
of this type before downloading da ta
b. The pol1 selected is incorrect. Follow step ~ of
connecting to choose anClller COJ\I pon .
2. A ll lights are green. but no da ta transfen-ed. e\e n though
t
he instrument says "A ll data d ow nl oa ded" .
a. The connection between the instrument and the
computer is bad.
Check and tighten the cable
connections. Make sure both ends of t he cable
are plugged in tightly.

A ppendi x C: I" Vil'O Chlorophy ll
The detection of ill I'il'O chlorophy ll a is by Ilmurc. a
qualitati\e measurement. Ph ysiologic al . en\ ironmental.
morphological. and temporal factors att cOntribu
te to the
variation between the il/ dl'o signal and th e actual chloro-
phy
ll (1 co nc~rurati o n of a sample. Ph ysiol og ic :'!1 effects stem
from
th..:: change in nuorescence per unit chlorophy ll of ce ll s
at varying physiological states. On a basic l e\e l.:'!n ' un -
health y' ce ll w ill nuo re sce more thM a 'healthy . cell due to
the li ght ener gy nbsorbed is channeled into photosynthesi s.
H o\~ev er. in nmural a sSt! mblages of phytoplanklon. there is
n
om larty a mi x of species at val) ing degrees of he alth. thus
averaging oUilhe ph ysiologi c!! !effecl.
Environmental
effeclsderi\e fr om mainly I WO factors: light
and temperalure. The li g ht hi story of an algal populmion wi ll
aff ect nuorescence of li ving cells. Cells in a darkerenviron-
ment will nuoresce more perunil chlorophy ll than cells in a
\'-e
ll lit zone of the wmercolumn. One way of reducing the
eff~cts of li ght is 10 ··darl.. adapt"· yo ur sample before
analyzing it. T~mpernlure effects :1rC di scussed in section
4.3 of Ihe manual. For beSt sample analysis. all samples a nd
calibration solutions should be measured at the same
temperature.
TempomllSpatial effects a re mainly due to differences in
quantum efficiency :lnd ce ll size between different species of
ph ytoplanktOll and photosynthetic bacteria.
Int er fering compounds in natural watel "$ deli\c from sc\ern l
so ur ce s. The mo :. t commo n interfering compou nd s include
pheophYlin s. c hl orophy ll band c. di sso lv ed or ga ni c matter
and nuorometer. Optical filters \\ ith a wider bandpass wi ll
A ql/{l nuor
nr
User 's I\lanual
be susceptible to mo re interference than filte rs wuh a narrower
bandpa ss.
In s pi te of Ihese concerns. this d ~s not mean th at actual .
chlorophyll concenlr:ltions
c:\l m OI ~ e~tra~laled frolllthe /1/
1'i1'0 daw. A simple way of c on 'c!aung III 1'/1'0 data, to ~c t ual
chlorophyll concentr:ltions is accomplish ed by ~nodl ca ll y
collecting "grob" sampl es for chlorophyll extraction, Sc\'eral
samples should be collect ed \\ ithin each niche or cn\ ironment.
AI me time of collec ti on. th e inl'iI'O value must be noted. Once
the c hl orophy ll concentration ha s been detcnnined ~hrough
extr:lction. the concentration should be correlated Wllh Ih e
corresponding ill 1';1 '0 value (see Graph C IJ
GrnphCI
For detailed information on c hl orophy ll anatysis. pka5e ~ ehe
reference li st below or visi t the Turner De signs \\Cbp 3ge m
w .... y. OuolJlmeter cQm
Aqllonuor™ User's Manual 24