Virtins technology Vt dso-2a20 User manual

VT DSO-2A20 Manual Rev. 1.1

Virtins Technology

VT DSO-2A20 Manual

This product is designed to be used by those who have some basic electronics and electrical

knowledge. It is absolutely dangerous to connect an unknown external voltage to the VT

DSO unit. Be sure that the voltage to be measured is less than the maximum allowed input

voltage.

Note: VIRTINS TECHNOLOGY reserves the right to make modifications to this manual at any time without

notice. This manual may contain typographical errors.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INSTALLATION AND QUICK START GUIDE..........................................................................................3

1.1 PACKAGE CONTENTS....................................................................................................................................3

1.2 MULTI-INSTRUMENT SOFTWARE INSTALLATION..........................................................................................4

1.3 HARDWARE DRIVER INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................4

1.3.1 Installation Procedure .........................................................................................................................4

1.3.2 Installation Verification.....................................................................................................................12

1.4 START MULTI-INSTRUMENT SOFTWARE.....................................................................................................13

1.5 ZEROING.....................................................................................................................................................13

1.6 PROBE CALIBRATION..................................................................................................................................14

1.7 HARD RESET...............................................................................................................................................15

1.8 FEATURE HIGHLIGHTS................................................................................................................................15

1.8.1 Hardware DSP based Bit Resolution Enhancement for Oscilloscope...............................................15

1.8.2 Oscilloscope Normal Frame Mode, Record Mode and Roll Mode....................................................17

1.8.3 Oscilloscope Digital Trigger and Trigger Frequency Rejection........................................................19

1.8.4 Oscilloscope Persistence Mode..........................................................................................................20

1.8.5 External Trigger Input Channel as a Digital Input Channel.............................................................20

1.8.6 Anti-aliasing filter for Spectrum Analyzer.........................................................................................20

1.8.7 Signal Generator DDS and Streaming Modes...................................................................................20

1.8.8 Signal Generator DDS Interpolation.................................................................................................21

1.8.9 Simultaneous Data Acquisition and Data Output..............................................................................21

1.8.10 Calibration and Re-Calibration.......................................................................................................22

1.8.11 Upgradable software, firmware, and hardware based DSP algorithm ...........................................23

1.9 NON-ROUTINE APPLICATIONS.....................................................................................................................23

1.9.1 Frequency Response Measurement....................................................................................................23

1.9.2 Distortion, Noise Level, and Crosstalk Measurements......................................................................26

1.9.3 Measurement of Derived Quantities ..................................................................................................26

1.9.4 Some Pre-configured Measurement Settings .....................................................................................26

2 SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................................................................................................30

2.1 VT DSO-2A20 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................30

2.2 P2100 OSCILLOSCOPE PROBE HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................35

2.3 MULTI-INSTRUMENT SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................................35

2.4 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................42

3 MULTI-INSTRUMENT SOFTWARE LICENSE INFORMATION.........................................................43

3.1 LICENSE TYPES...........................................................................................................................................43

3.2 LICENSE UPGRADE FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER ....................................................................................43

3.3 SOFTWARE UPGRADE FOR THE SAME LEVEL ...............................................................................................43

4 EXTENDED USE OF MULTI-INSTRUMENT SOFTWARE...................................................................44

5 MEASUREMENT EXAMPLES....................................................................................................................45

6 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS............................................................................................................................47

7 WARRANTY...................................................................................................................................................47

8 DISCLAIMER.................................................................................................................................................47

VT DSO-2A20 Manual Rev. 1.1

Virtins Technology

1 Installation and Quick Start Guide

This is one of the second-generation USB DSOs designed and developed by Virtins

Technology. This generation of USB DSOs features Virtins Technology’s unique hardware-

based DSP algorithm which enhances the performance and functionality dramatically without

adding extra hardware cost. When used in conjunction with Multi-Instrument®software, the

USB DSO converts any desktop, laptop, or tablet PC into a powerful oscilloscope, spectrum

analyzer, multimeter, data logger, signal generator and so forth, all of which work

simultaneously.

1.1 Package Contents

A standard VT DSO-2A20 Package contains the following items:

1) VT DSO unit with a hardware bundled Multi-Instrument Standard software license

2) 2 ×100 MHz Oscilloscope Probe P2100 (Old Tag: P6100) with two switchable positions:

×1, ×10

3) Signal Generator Test Lead (1 m)

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4) USB cable (1.5 m)

5) CD (contains the copy-protected Multi-Instrument software and VT DSO driver)

1.2 Multi-Instrument Software Installation

Insert the installation CD into your computer’s CD-ROM drive and follow the instruction on

the screen to install the Multi-Instrument software.

1.3 Hardware Driver Installation

1.3.1 Installation Procedure

The USB cable has one USB A-type connector at one end and one USB B-Type connector at

the other end. The A-type connector should be connected to a USB port of your computer

while the B-type connector should be connected to the DSO.

For some computers, the power from one USB port may not be enough for the DSO. In this

case, a USB cable with two USB A-type connectors at one end (one is black and the other is

red) and one USB B-Type connector at the other end can be used. The black A-type

connector should be connected to a USB port of your computer while the B-type connector

should be connected to the DSO unit. The red A-type connector should be connected to

another USB port of your computer if the USB port with which the black A-type connector

connected is not able to supply sufficient power to the unit.

Starting from Multi-Instrument 3.6, the VT DSO hardware driver will be installed

automatically during software installation, even without the connection of the DSO.

Therefore, the following driver installation procedures are more for manual installation and

troubleshooting purpose.

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For Windows XP (and similarly Windows Vista):

1) Wait for the “Found New Hardware Wizard” dialog to pop up. And then select “No, not

this time” and click “Next”.

2) Select “Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)” and click “Next”.

3) Choose “Search for the best driver in these locations” and “Browse…”, and then locate

the driver. The driver can be found at Multi-Instrument’s installation

directory\Drivers\VTUSB3\32bit or 64bit. Choose 32-bit or 64-driver according to your

Windows version. After that, press “Next”.

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4) The following dialog box will pop up. Click “Continue Anyway”.

5) Click “Finish”.

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6) Select “No, not this time” and click “Next”.

7) Select “Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)” and click “Next”.

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8) Choose “Search for the best driver in these locations” and “Browse…”, and then locate

the driver. The driver can be found at Multi-Instrument’s installation

directory\Drivers\VTUSB3\32bit or 64bit. Choose 32-bit or 64-driver according to your

Windows version. After that, press “Next”.

9) The following dialog box will pop up. Click “Continue Anyway”.

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10)Click “Finish”.

For Windows 8 (and similarly Windows 7) :

1) If there is an available internet connection, Windows 8 will silently connect to the

Windows Update website and search for the driver. The following dialog box will pop up.

Click “Close” or let it close automatically after failing to find the driver.

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2) The DSO driver has to be installed manually via Device Manager under Windows

Control Panel. The Device Manager can be accessed from Windows 8 Metro Start Screen

via [Charm Bar]>[Settings]>[Control Panel]>[Hardware and Sound]>[Device Manager].

In the Device Manager window, there will be an Unknown device under Other Device

with a yellow warning symbol to indicate that the driver for the device has not been

installed. Right click on the Unknown device and choose “Update Driver Software…”

on the pop-up menu.

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3) Choose “Browse my computer for driver software”.

4) Choose “Search for driver software in this location” and “Browse…”, and then locate the

driver. The driver can be found at Multi-Instrument’s installation

directory\Drivers\VTUSB3\32bit or 64bit. Choose 32-bit or 64-driver according to your

Windows version. After that, press “Next”.

5) Choose “Install” to start the driver installation.

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6) Press “Close” after the installation has been completed.

The driver is located in the Drivers\VTUSB3 directory in the CD. When you install the

Multi-Instrument software, a copy of the respective driver will also be installed in the

software installation directory \Drivers\VTUSB3.

Once the driver has been installed successfully, the LED on the DSO’s front panel will blink

red once.

Note: you may need to re-install the driver if you change to use another USB port of

your computer for the VT DSO unit. However, the installation CD is not required

during driver re-installation. To avoid driver re-installation, stick to a fixed USB port

of your computer for the VT DSO unit.

1.3.2 Installation Verification

If the hardware driver has already been installed, the LED on the DSO’s front panel will

blink red once whenever you attach the DSO to the computer. You can follow the steps in

the next section to start the Multi-Instrument software. If the software starts in licensed mode

(do not plug out the DSO), that means that the driver has been installed successfully.

Otherwise, please open the Windows Device Manager via [Start]>[Control

Panel]>[System]>[Hardware]>[Device Manager] (for Windows XP, and similarly for other

Windows versions), you should see “Virtins USB3.0 Generic Driver” under “Universal

Serial Bus controllers” category. If not, then re-installation of the hardware driver is required.

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1.4 Start Multi-Instrument Software

To start the Multi-Instrument software, on Windows desktop, click the MI icon directly, or

select [Start]>[All Programs]>[Multi-Instrument]>[VIRTINS Multi-Instrument] (for

Windows XP, and similarly for other Windows versions). The LED on the DSO panel will

keep blinking green very fast for a little while during the software startup. If the oscilloscope

is running, the LED will be steady green. If the signal generator is running, it will be steady

red. If both are running, it will be steady orange. If some error occurs, it will blink red at a

slow speed.

1.5 Zeroing

Connect the oscilloscope probe tip to its ground lead for both channels, and switch the

Trigger Mode to “Auto” (see the figure above). With the oscilloscope running, you should

see a horizontal line at 0V in the oscilloscope. If not, you should click “ ”和“”in the

toolbar and choose “Yes” to compensate the ground levels of both channels to zero. You may

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need to do this every time after you change the sampling parameters. If “No” is chosen

instead, the software DC compensation will have no effect.

For VT DSOs that support hardware offset adjustment, it is recommended to use that

function for zeroing instead (described in the following sections). To make sure that the

software DC compensation is inactive, go to [Setting]>[Calibration] and check the “Input DC

Offset”, make sure that the values are zero for both channels.

1.6 Probe Calibration

Connect the probe (at ×10 position) to the 1 kHz square wave output of the DSO, and then

adjust the sampling parameters such that the waveform displayed on the screen can be clearly

seen. You can also do this by simply clicking the “Auto” button at the upper right corner of

the screen.

Adjust the probe compensate capacitor at the end of the probe cable such that the square

wave looks normal, as shown below.

For VT DSOs (such as VT DSO-2810R and VT DSO-2820R) that do not have a built-in

analog signal generator, the probe calibration signal is generated digitally and output via a

dedicated pin.

For VT DSOs (such as VT DSO-2810 and VT DSO-2820) that have a built-in band-limited

(<5MHz) analog signal generator, the probe calibration signal is generated digitally and

output via the signal generator output BNC when the analog signal generator is not running.

For VT DSOs (such as VT DSO-2810E and VT DSO-2820E) that have a built-in wide-band

analog signal generator, the probe calibration signal is generated analogously and output via

the signal generator output BNC when the signal generator is not running. You can also

generate it using the signal generator.

The probe calibration output can be configured via [Setting]>[DAC Device] (see figure

below).

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You can choose to output either Rectangle or MLS signal. When MLS is selected, the

frequency value here refers to the clock frequency of the MLS generator rather than the

output signal frequency. By default, the Probe CAL signal output is enabled. You can disable

the signal output by un-ticking the “Probe CAL” checkbox. This will help to improve the

Signal-to-Noise ratio in the oscilloscope, especially when the measuring range is lower than

100 mV.

1.7 Hard Reset

A hard reset can be done via disconnecting the DSO from your computer and then re-connect

it to the computer again. You can only do this with the Multi-Instrument software closed.

1.8 Feature Highlights

The following sections highlight some unique features of the second-generation VT DSOs.

Most of these features are not available in other USB DSOs in the market. For a complete

description of functions, please refer to the Multi-Instrument software manual.

1.8.1 Hardware DSP based Bit Resolution Enhancement for Oscilloscope

Hardware DSP based bit resolution enhancement is a unique feature that is only found in the

second-generation VT DSOs. Virtins Technology is the first and currently the only company

to implement this feature in USB oscilloscopes. With this feature, an 8-bit ADC device

would be able to produce samples with an increased effective bit resolution as the sampling

frequency (defined here as its sample output rate) goes down. Theoretically, additional ½ bit

of resolution could be gained through some algorithm whenever the sampling frequency

decreases by a factor of 2. Therefore, an 8-bit ADC device could output samples with a 16-

bit effective bit resolution if the sampling frequency is 1/216 of its maximum sampling

frequency.

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To use the bit resolution enhancement feature, select “16Bit” in the Sampling Bit Resolution

combo box in the Sampling Parameter Toolbar. The actual effective bit resolution achieved

depends on the sampling frequency used and can go up 16 bits. Please refer to the hardware

specifications in the following chapter.

If “8Bit” is selected instead, it is still possible to partially utilize the bit resolution

enhancement feature. To enable this feature, go to [Setting]>[ADC Device] and select

“Effective Bit Resolution Enhancement” under Miscellaneous section (see figure below).

The effective number of bits (ENOB) of an 8-bit ADC device (when “8Bit” is selected in the

above figure) is always less than 8 bits due to noise and distortion. Enabling this feature will

make the ENOB of the device closer to 8 bits.

For a 10-bit ADC device, normally “16Bit” should be selected in order to make full use of

the bit resolution enhancement feature. “8Bit” is sometimes useful if a longer record length is

required under normal frame mode or a higher sampling rate is required for continuous

recording under streaming mode.

The above bit resolution enhancement is realized through hardware. It is also possible to

implement this feature through software. After the acquired data have been transferred from

the DSO into the computer, one can apply a moving average digital filter (a FIR filter with

equal filter coefficients) to them. A 2-tap moving average filter would increase the effective

bit resolution by ½ bit. A 216–tap moving average filter would turn an 8-bit ADC device into

a 16-bit one. However, software DSP based bit resolution enhancement has significant side

effects as compared to its hardware counterpart. (see table below)

Side Effects Hardware

DSP based

bit

resolution

enhancement

Software

DSP based

bit resolution

enhancement

Reduces the signal bandwidth (normally from 0 to ½ of the sampling

frequency) roughly by a factor equal to the number of taps used in the moving

average. As a result, high-frequency details of the signal, which should have

shown up, are lost. For instance, spikes will be widened and flattened, vertical

edges will become straight-line slopes, etc.

No Yes

Reduces the number of independent samples per frame by a factor equal to the No Yes

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number of taps used in the moving average, as the adjacent samples are

correlated after moving average.

Non-uniform behavior at the starting and/or the ending parts of the data frame

due to the fact that it is not possible to apply exactly the same moving average

filter there as the one applied to the middle part of the data frame.

No Yes

To use software DSP based bit resolution enhancement, right click anywhere within the

oscilloscope window and choose [Oscilloscope Processing]>“Digital Filtering”>

“Arbitrary”> “IIR Coefficients”. Then select an appropriate moving average filter file from

the IIR subdirectory. Software DSP based bit resolution enhancement is generally not

recommended when hardware DSP based bit resolution enhancement is available.

1.8.2 Oscilloscope Normal Frame Mode, Record Mode and Roll Mode

The second-generation VT DSOs support both normal frame and streaming modes. There are

two streaming modes: Record Mode and Roll Mode. The following is a comparison table of

these three modes.

Normal Frame Mode Record Mode Roll Mode

Max. Sampling

Frequency High Medium Low

Record Length Low

(limited by DSO

hardware buffer size)

High

(limited by hard disk

space)

Medium

(limited by computer

memory size)

Trigger Trigger per frame Trigger required at

startup (first frame) only Trigger required at

startup (first segment)

only

Discontinuity within each

data frame Absolutely no Normally no Normally no

Discontinuity between

adjacent data frames Most likely Normally no Normally no

Usage General purpose Used when Record

Length exceeds the limit

determined by the DSO

hardware buffer

Generally used to provide

instant display response

at very slow sweep speed.

Without it, the entire

frame of data must be

acquired first before the

display can be updated.

Also used when Record

Length exceeds the limit

determined by the DSO

hardware buffer

1.8.2.1 Normal Frame Mode

Normal frame mode is the most commonly used oscilloscope mode. Each data frame is

triggered and acquired individually. There may be discontinuity between two adjacent data

frames. The length of the data frame is limited by the DSO hardware buffer size. One major

advantage of this mode is that it supports the highest sampling frequency of the ADC device.

1.8.2.2 Record Mode

Record Mode can be activated using either of the following methods:

•Clicking the Record button in the Sampling Parameter Toolbar

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•Selecting “Record” in the Sweep Time combo box (at the bottom left corner of the

screen after clicking anywhere in the oscilloscope window) and then clicking the Run

button of the oscilloscope (at the upper left corner of the screen).

Click the Record button or oscilloscope Run button again to stop recording. When the

sampling frequency is high, the hard disk file used for recording will be filled up very

quickly, remember to click either of the above buttons to stop recording in time. To exit the

Record Mode, select an oscilloscope sweep time other than “Record” in the above Sweep

Time combo box.

Under Record Mode, raw ADC data will be written into the hard disk continuously in WAV

file format. Meanwhile, data analysis and display will still be performed in order to keep the

screen updated in real time. Priority is given to the former process in order to try the best to

ensure uninterrupted data recording. Whether the recorded data are continuous (i.e. the

adjacent frames of data are connected smoothly without missing any data in between) or not

depends on the system throughput, sampling frequency, bit resolution, number of sampling

channels, etc. The DAQ progress bar under the oscilloscope graph shows the recording

progress. The progress bar will be filled with some red color if the recorded data are not

continuous (see figures below). You can lower the sampling frequency and bit resolution,

and use single channel if possible, to get continuous data stream.

No discontinuity detected Discontinuity detected

During the recording process, the screen will still be updated. The oscilloscope frame width

can be adjusted via [Setting]>[Display]> “Record Mode”> “Frame Width” (in points).

When the recording process is stopped, the recorded file will be opened automatically. If it is

too big, it will be opened frame by frame. In this case, the Long Wave File Navigation

Toolbar (as shown below) will pop up to allow you to navigate through the file.

1.8.2.3 Roll Mode

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Roll Mode is activated by ticking the above “Roll” button in the Sampling Parameter Toolbar.

Under this mode, the oscilloscope frame is split into many segments with the length of each

segment equal to the Roll Width, which is set via [Setting]>[Display]>“Roll Mode”> “Roll

Width” (in points). The data displayed in the oscilloscope window will shift left by a step of

one Roll Width each time when a new segment of data arrives. The newly arrived data will

be shown in the right most portion of the graph. You can consider using Roll Mode if the

sweep time is too long (e.g. greater than 1 s) to avoid long time waiting for screen update.

The Roll Mode button is enabled when the Record Length per sweep is four times or more of

the Roll Width. Under the Roll Mode, whether the acquired data are continuous (i.e. the

adjacent segments of data are connected smoothly without missing any data in between) or

not depends on the system throughput, sampling frequency, bit resolution, number of

sampling channels, etc.

1.8.3 Oscilloscope Digital Trigger and Trigger Frequency Rejection

The second-generation VT DSOs use hardware based DSP algorithm for triggering and

trigger frequency rejection. This greatly improves the trigger stability and accuracy, even

with noisy signals.

1.8.3.1 Digital Triggering

The second-generation VT DSOs use a digital trigger instead of the conventional analog

trigger. The digital trigger is implemented through hardware. It is able to search for the

trigger event in the digitized samples in real time. Trigger jitter is a significant problem in

conventional analog trigger. It is caused by the disparity between the acquisition and trigger

circuits. Trigger jitter causes the waveform displayed on the screen to shift left and right as

the display is updated. A digital trigger, on the other hand, does not have this kind of jitter as

it shares the same physical path with the acquisition.

The Multi-Instrument software also features a specially designed algorithm which effectively

eliminates the lateral shaking of waveform display due to limited sampling rate compared

with the signal frequency (i.e. very few samples acquired per signal cycle).

1.8.3.2 Trigger Noise Rejection

Trigger Frequency Rejection can be used to filter out noises from the trigger signal to prevent

false triggering. The available options are: NIL (All-Pass), HFR (High Frequency Rejection),

NR0~NR4 (Noise Rejection), HN0~HNX (High Frequency Rejection + Noise Rejection).

There are different levels of noise rejection. For Levels 0~4, the hysteresis values are fixed

while for Level X, it is user-configurable via [Setting]>[ADC Device]> “Trigger Frequency

Rejection HNX”. You can configure whether to include high frequency rejection and specify

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the noise rejection hysteresis (in percentage) for HNX option. Please refer to the hardware

specifications in the next chapter for the detailed specification of the rest of options.

1.8.4 Oscilloscope Persistence Mode

Under persistence mode, up to 200 most recent waveforms are kept in the computer memory.

These waveforms can be superimposed/drawn in the oscilloscope window in three ways:

Phosphorescent, Rainbow, Equivalent Time Sampling. Persistence Mode can be activated by

right clicking anywhere within the oscilloscope window and select [Oscilloscope Chart

Option]> “Persistence”. Please refer to Multi-Instrument software manual for details.

1.8.5 External Trigger Input Channel as a Digital Input Channel

The external trigger input channel of a second-generation VT DSOs can be used as a digital

input channel. It is actually a 1-bit ADC with the threshold for digitization adjustable. This

channel can be configured via [Setting]>[ADC Device]> “Digital Channel Configuration”.

If the external trigger is selected as the trigger source, then the threshold for digitization can

also be adjusted by adjusting the trigger level in the main window. With two analog input

channels and one digital input channel, the oscilloscope can be used for mixed signal

measurements. It can also be used as a protocol analyzer for serial communications.

1.8.6 Anti-aliasing filter for Spectrum Analyzer

The USB DSOs in the market are generally equipped with only one fixed anti-aliasing filter

for the highest sampling frequency. Aliasing will still occur when the sampling frequency

goes down. This will cause wrong measurements in both the oscilloscope and the spectrum

analyzer. The second-generation VT DSOs solve this problem using anti-aliasing filters that

can adapt to the sampling frequency. 16-bit resolution should be used to fully utilize this

feature. Please refer to the hardware specifications for details.

1.8.7 Signal Generator DDS and Streaming Modes

The signal generator of the second-generation VT DSOs features advanced hardware based

DSP algorithm which supports both streaming and DDS （Direct Digital Synthesis) modes.

Complicated signals such as white noise, MLS, frequency sweep and amplitude sweep,

which generally are not found in other USB signal generators in the market, can be generated

using the second-generation VT DSOs, for both streaming and DDS modes.

Under streaming mode, the output data are computed, continuously if necessary, by the

Multi-Instrument software in the computer and then streamed continuously to the DAC

device for output. One advantage of using streaming mode is that you can fully utilize the

power of the Multi-Instrument software to generate very complicated signal at minimum

hardware cost. However, limited by the software computing and the streaming speed, this

mode is not able to provide high frequency output. Also, it may consume a lot of CPU time

when the output sampling frequency is high or the output signal is complicated. Whether the

output signal is continuous or not depends on the system throughput, sampling frequency, bit

resolution, number of sampling channels, etc.

Under DDS mode, the computer only needs to send the output signal parameters (such as

signal frequency, amplitude, waveform type or shape data, etc.) to the DAC device and the

DAC device will take care of the rest. No actual output data will be sent from the computer

to the DAC device. This greatly reduces the CPU work load and communication traffic

between the computer and the DAC device. Very high signal frequencies can be generated if

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