Weed Eater WE1538B User manual

4
OWNER'S MANUAL
MODELNO.WE1538B
15HP38Inch
LawnTractor
•Assembly
•Operation
Customer Responsibilities
•Service and Adjustments
•Storage
°Troubleshooting
•Repair Parts
For Parts and Service, contact our authorized distributor: call 1o800-849-1297
For Technical Assistance: call 1-800-829-5886
i
WIlD EATER
182983 Rev. 1 06.05.02 RH
PRINTED IN U.S.A.

SAFETY RULES
_I, SAFE OPERATION PRACTICES FOR RIDE-ON MOWERS ,_
IMPORTANT: THIS CUTTING MACHINE IS CAPABLE OF AMPUTATING HANDS AND FEET AND THROWING OBJECTS.
FAILURE TO OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS COULD RESULT IN SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH.
I. GENERAL OPERATION
Read, understand, and follow all instructions in themanuar
and on the machine before starting.
•Only allow responsible adults, who are familiar with the
instructions, to operate the machine.
Clear the area of objects such as rocks, toys, wire, etc.,
which could be picked up and thrown by the blade.
Be sure the area isclear of other people before mowing.
Stop machine if anyone enters the area.
Nevercarry passengers.
Do not mow in reverse unless absolutely necessary.
Always look down and behind before and while backing.
Beaware of the mower discharge direction and do notpoint
itat anyone. Do not operate the mower without either the
entire grass catcher or the guard in place.
Slow down before turning.
Never leave a running machine unattended. Always turn
off blades, set parking brake, stop engine, and remove
keys before dismounting.
Turn off blades when not mowing.
Stop engine before removing grass catcher or unclogging
chute.
Mow only in daylight or good artificial light.
Do not operate the machine while under the influence of
alcohol or drugs.
Watch for traffic when operating near or crossing road-
ways.
Use extra carewhen leading or unloading the machine into
a trailer or truck.
• Data indicates that operators, age60 years and above, are
involved in a large percentage of riding mower-related
injuries. These operators should evaluate their ability to
operate the riding mower safely enough to protect them-
selves and others from serious injury.
Keep machine free of grass, leaves or other debris build-
up which can touch hot exhaust /engine parts and bum.
Do not allow the mower deck to plow leaves
or other debris which can cause build-up to occur, Clean
any oil or fuel spillage before operating or storing the
machine. Allow machine to cool before
storage.
II. SLOPE OPERATION
Slopes are a maior factor relatedto loss-of-control and tipover
accidents,whichcan result_nsevere injuryor death. AJlslopes
requireextracaution, Ifyoucannot backuptheslopeorifyoufeel
uneasyonit, do notmow it.
DO:Mow up and down slopes, not across.
Remove obstacles such as rocks, tree limbs, etc,
•Watch for holes, ruts,or bumps. Uneven terraincould
overturnthe machine. Ta//grass can hide obstacles,
Use slow speed. Choose alowgear so thatyou willnot
have to stop or shift while on the slope.
Followthe manufacturer's recommendations for wheel
weightsorcounterweightsto improve stability.
• Use extra care with grass catchers or other attachments.
These can change the stability of the machine.
Keep all movement on the slopes slowand gradual Do
not make sudden changes in speed or direction.
Avoid starting or stopping on aslope. Iftires lose traction,
disengage the blades and proceed slowly straight down
the slope.
DO NOT:
•Do not turn on slopes unless necessary, and then, turn
slowly and gradually downhill, if possible.
Do not mow near drop-offs, ditches, or embankments.
The mower could suddenly turn over ifa wheel isover the
edge of a cliff or ditch, or if an edge caves in.
Do not mow on wet grass. Reduced traction could cause
sliding.
Do not try tostabilize the machine by putting your foot on
theground.
Do not use grass catcher on steep slopes.
III. CHILDREN
Tragic accidents can occur ifthe operator is not alert to the
presence of children. Children are often attracted to the
machine and the mowing activity. Neverassume thatchildren
will remain where you lastsaw them.
Keep children out of the mowing area and under the
watchful care of another responsible adult.
Be alert and turnmachine off ifchildren enter the area.
Before and when backing, look behind and down forsmall
children.
Never carry children. They may fall off and be seriously
injured or interferewith safe machine operation.
• Never allow children to operate the machine.
• Use extra care when approaching blind corners, shrubs,
trees, or other objects that may obscure vision.
IV. SERVICE
Useextracare in handling gasolineandotherfuels. They
areflammable and vaporsare explosive.
-Use onlyan approvedcontainer.
- Never remove gas cap or add fuel with the engine
running. Allow enginetocoolbefore refueling. Do not
smoke.
- Never refuel the machine indoors.
- Never store the machine or fuel container inside where
there is an open flame, such as a water heater.
Never run a machine inside a closed area.
Keep nuts and bolts, especially blade attachment bolts,
tight and keep equipment in good condition.
Never tamper with safety devices, Check their proper
operation regularly.
Keep machine free ofgrass, leaves, or other debhs build-
up. Clean oilorfuel spillage. Allow machine to coolbefore
storing.
Stop and inspect the equipment if you strike an object.
Repair, ifnecessary, before restarting.
Never make adjustments or repairs with the engine
running.
Grass catcher components are subject to wear, damage,
and deterioration, which could expose moving parts or
allow objects tobe thrown. Freguentlycheckcomponents
and replace with manufacturer's recommended parts,
when necessary.
Mower blades are sharp and can cut. Wrap the blade(s)
or wear gloves, and use extra caution when servicing
them.
Check brake operation frequently. Adjust and service
as required.
2

SAFETY RULES
!Safe Operation Practices for Ride-On Mowers
Be sure the area is clear of other people before mowing.
Stop machine if anyone enters the area.
Never carry passengers or children even with the blades
off.
Do not mow in reverse unless absolutely necessary. Al-
ways look down and behind before and while backing.
Never carry children. They may fall off and be seriously
injured or interfere with safe machine operation.
Keep children out of the mowing area and under the
watchful care of another responsible adult.
Be aled and turn machine off if children enter the area.
Before and when backing, look behind and down for small
children.
Mow up and down slopes (15°Max), not across.
Remove obstacles such as rocks, tree limbs, etc.
Watch for holes, ruts, or bumps. Uneven terrain could
overturn the machine. Tall grass can hide obstacles.
Use slow speed. Choose a low gear so that you will not have
to stop or shift while on the slope.
Avoid starting or stopping on a slope. If tires lose traction,
disengage the blades and proceed slowly straight down
the slope.
Ifmachine stops while going uphill, disengage blades, shift
into reverse and back down slowly.
Do not turn on slopes unless necessary, and then, turn
slowly and gradually downhill, if possible.
&
Look for this symbol to point out im-
portant safety precautions. It means I
CAUTIONlt! BECOMEALERT!!! YOUR
SAFETY IS INVOLVED.
CAUTION: In order to prevent acciden-
.talstarting when setting up,transport-
ing, adjusting or making repairs, al-
ways disconnect spark plug wire and
place wire where itcannot contact spark
plug.
CAUTION: Do not coast down a hill in
neutral, you may lose control of the
tractor.
WARNING
Engine exhaust, some of its constituents, and cer-
tain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals
known to the State of California tocause cancer and
birth defects or other reproductive harm.
WARNING
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories
contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known
to the State of California to cause cancer and birth
defects or other reproductive harm. Wash hands
after handling.
3

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
iGASOLINE CAPACITY 1.25 GALLONS
AND TYPE: UNLEADED REGULAR
OILTYPE (API-SF-SJ}: SAE 30 (above 32°F)
SAE 5W-30 (below 32°F)
=OILCAPACITY: 3 PINTS
SPARK PLUG: CHAMPION RCt2YC
(GAP: .030")
_ROUNDSPEED (MPH): FORWARD:
1st 1.1
2nd 2.2
3rd 3.3
4th 4.4
5th 4.9
REVERSE: 1.4
TIRE PRESSURE: FRONT: 14 PSI
REAR: 12 PSI
_HARGINGSYSTEM: 3 AMPS BAlq'ERY
5 AMPS HEADLIGHTS
}ATTERY: AMP/HR: 28
MIN. CCA: 230
CASESIZE: U1R
BLADE BOLTTORQUE: 27-35 FT. LBS.
CONGRATULATIONS on yourpurchaseofanewtractor. It
has been designed, engineered and manufactured to give
you the best possibledependability and performance.
Should you experience any problem you cannot easily
remedy, please contact your nearest authorized service
center/department. We have competent, well-trained tech-
nicians and the proper tools to service or repair this tractor.
Please read and retain this manual. The instructions will
enable you to assemble and maintain your tractor properly.
Always observe the "SAFETY RULES".
CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES
Read and observe the safety rules.
Follow a regular schedule in maintaining, caring forand
using your tractor.
Follow the instructions under "Customer Responsibili-
ties" and "Storage" sections of this owner's manual.
WARNING: This tractor is equipped with an internal com-
bustion engine and should not be used on or near any
unimproved forest-covered, brush-covered or grass-cov-
ered land unless the engine's exhaust system is equipped
with a spark arrester meeting applicable local or state laws
(if any), If a spark arresteris used, itshould be maintained
in effective working order by the operator.
A spark attester for the muffler is available through your
nearest authorized service center/department (See RE-
PAIR PARTS section of this manual).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SAFETY RULES ........................................................ 2-3
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ....................................... 4
CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES ...................... 4, 14-18
ASSEMBLY ................................................................ 6-8
OPERATION ............................................................. 9-13
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE ....................................... 14
SERVICE AND ADJUSTMENTS ............................. 19--23
STORAGE ................................................................... 24
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................. 25-26
REPAIR PARTS ...................................................... 28-43
WARRANTY ............................................................ 4546
4

UNASSEMBLED PARTS
I
Steering Wheel
\\
Steering Wheel
Insert
Steering Wheel
Adapter
Steering
Extension
Shaft
(1) Large Flat Washer
(1) Hex Bolt 1/4-28 x 1-1/4
Steering
Boot
(1) Locknut 1/2-20
@
(1) Locknut 1/4-28
Seat
\\
\
(1) Washer
17/32 x 1-3/16 x 12 Gauge
&:b
(1) Lock
Washer 1/2
(1) Oil Drain Tube
For Future Use
Keys
llll Keys
Slope Sheet
5

ASSEMBLY
Your new tractor has been assembled at the factory with exception of those parts left unassembled for shipping purposes. To
ensure safe and proper operation of your tractor all parts and hardware you assemble must be tightened securely. Use the
correct tools as necessary to insure proper tightness.
TOOLS REQUIRED FOR ASSEMBLY
A socket wrench set will make assembly easier. Standard
wrench sizes are listed.
(2) 1/2" wrenches Pliers
(1) 9/16" wrench Tire pressuregauge
Utility knife
When rightor left hand ismentioned inthis manual, itmeans
when you are in the operating position (seated behind the
steering wheel).
TO REMOVE TRACTOR FROM
CARTON
UNPACK CARTON
• Remove all accessible loose parts and parts cartons
from carton.
• Cut, from top 1obottom, along lines on all four corners
of carton, and lay panels flat.
• Check for any additional loose parts or cartons and
remove.
BEFORE REMOVING TRACTOR FROM
SKID
ATTACH STEERING WHEEL (See Fig. 1)
ASSEMBLE EXTENSION SHAFT AND BOOT
• Slide extension shaft onto lower steering shaft. Align
mountingholes in extensionand lower shaftsand install
1/4 hex bolt and Iocknut. Tighten securely.
IMPORTANT: TIGHTEN BOLT AND NUT SECURELY TO
10-12 FT. LBS TORQUE.
•Place tabs ofsteering boot over tab slots in dash and
push down tosecure.
INSTALL STEERING WHEEL
•Positionfront wheels ofthe tractorso they are pointing
straight forward.
Remove steering wheel adapter from steering wheel
and slideadapter onto steering shaft extension.
•Positionsteering wheel so crossbars are horizontal (left
to right) and slide inside boot and onto adapter.
• Assemble large flat washer, 1/2 hex nut and tighten
securely.
Snap steering wheel insert intocenterof steeringwheel.
•RemoveprotectivematedalsfromtractorhoodandgrilL
IMPORTANT: CHECK FOR AND REMOVE ANY STAPLES
IN SKID THAT MAY PUNCTURE TIRES WHERE TRACTOR
IS TO ROLL OFF SKID.
STEERING
WHEEL
ADAPTER
STEERING
BOOT
///'/L_TABS
EXTENSION SHAFT
FIG. 1
HOW TO SET UP YOUR TRACTOR
CHECK BATTERY (See Fig. 2)
Lift seat pan to raised position.
If this battery is put into service after month and year
indicated on label (label located between terminals)
charge battery for minimum of one hour at 6-10 amps.
(See "BATTERY" in theCustomer Responsibilities sec-
tion ofthis manual for charging instructions).
SEAT PAN
LABEL
6
FIG. 2

ASSEMBLY
INSTALL SEAT (See Fig. 3)
Adjust seat before tightening adjustment bolt.
Remove adjustment bolt, lock washer and fiat washer
securing seat to cardboard packing and set aside for
assembly of seat to tractor.
Pivot seat upward and remove from the cardboard
packing. Remove the cardboard packing and discard.
Place seat on seat pan so head of shoulder bolt is
positioned over large slotted hole in pan.
Push down on seat to engage shoulder bolt in slot and
pull seat towards rear of tractor.
• Pivot seat and pan forward and assemble adjustment
bolt, Iockwasher and flat washer loosely. Do not tighten
• Lower seat into operating position and sit on seat.
Slide seat until acomfortable position is reached which
allows you to press clutch/brake pedal all the way down.
• Get off seat without moving its adjusted position.
Raise seat and tighten adjustment bolt securely.
-- _ /SEAT
SHOULDER
BOLT
FLAT WASHER
LOCK WASHER_
F
_DJUSTMENT
IOLT
FIG. 3
NOTE: You may now roll or drive your tractor off the skid.
Follow the appropriate instruction below to remove the
tractor from the skid.
TO ROLL TRACTOR OFF SKID (See Operation
section, page 10, for location and function of
controls)
Press lift lever plunger and raise attachment lift lever to
its highest position.
Release parking brake by depressing clutch/brake pedal.
Place gearshift lever in neutral (N) position.
• Roll tractor forward off skid.
Remove banding holding deflector shield up against
tractor.
TO DRIVE TRACTOR OFF SKID (See Opera-
tion section, page 10, for location and func-
tion of controls)
AWARNING: Before starting, read, understand and follow
all instructions in the Operation section of this manual. Be
sure tractor is in a well-ventilated area. Be sure the area in
front of tractor is clear of other people and objects.
Be sure all the above assembly steps have been
completed.
Check engine oil level and fill fuel tank with gasoline.
Sit on seat in operating position, depress clutch/brake
pedal and set the parking brake.
Place gear shift lever in neutral (N) position.
Press lift lever plunger and raise attachment lift lever to
its highest position.
Start the engine. After engine has started, movethrottle
control to idle position.
Depress clutch/brake pedal into full "BRAKE" position
and hold. Move gearshift lever to 1st gear.
Slowly release clutch/brake pedal and slowly drive
tractor off skid.
Apply brake to stop tractor, set parking brake and place
gearshift lever in neutral position.
Turn ignition key to "OFF" position.
Continue with the instructions that follow.
7

ASSEMBLY
CHECK TIRE PRESSURE
The tires on your tractorwere ovednflated at the factory for
shipping purposes. Correct tire pressure is important for
best cutting performance.
Reduce tire pressure to PSI shown in "PRODUCT
SPECIFICATIONS" section of this manual.
CHECK DECK LEVELNESS
For best cutting results, mower housing should be properly
leveled. See "TO LEVEL MOWER HOUSING" inthe Service
and Adjustments section of this manual.
CHECK FOR PROPER POSITION OF ALL
BELTS
See the figures that are shown for replacing motion and
mower blade drive belts in the Service and Adjustments
section of this manual Verify that the belts are routed
correctly.
CHECK BRAKE SYSTEM
After you learn how to operate your tractor, check to see that
the brake is properly adjusted. See ''TO ADJUST BRAKE"
in the Service and Adjustments section of this manual.
/ CHECKL IS T
BEFORE YOUOPERA TEAND ENJOY YOUR NEW TRAC-
TOR, WE WISH TO ASSURE THAT YOU RECEIVE THE
BEST PERFORMANCEAND SA TISFACTION FROM THIS
QUALITYPRODUCT.
PLEASE REVIEW THE FOLLOWING CHECKLIST:
,/ All assembly instructions have been completed.
./ No remaining loose parts in carton.
/ Batteryisproperlypreparedandcharged. (Minimum1
hour at 6 amps).
•/Seat is adjusted comfortably and tightened securely.
,/ All tires are properly inflated. (For shipping purposes,
the tires were overinflated at the factory).
,/ Be sure mower deck is properly leveled side-to-side/
front-to-rear for best cutting results. (Tires must be
properly inflated for leveling).
,/ Check mower and drive belts. Be sure they are routed
properly around pulleys and inside all belt keepers.
,/ Check wiring. See that all connections are still secure
and wires are properly clamped.
WHILE LEARNING HOW TO USE YOUR TRA CTOR, PAY
EXTRA ATTENTION TO THE FOLLOWING IMPORTANT
ITEMS:
,/ Engine oil is at proper level.
,/ Fuel tank is filled with fresh, clean, regular unleaded
gasoline.
,/ Become familiar with all controls - their location and
function. Operate them before you start the engine.
,/ Be sure brake system is in safe operating condition.
8

OPERATION
These symbols may appear on your tractor or in literature supplied with the product. Learn and understand their meaning.
I- ;I
BATTERY CAUTION OR REVERSE FORWARD FAST SLOW
WARNING
ENGINE ON ENGINE OFF OIL PRESSURE LIGHTS ON OVER TEMP
LIGHT !
Ixl @ w
FUEL CHOKE MOWER HEIGHT PARKING BRAKE UNLOCKED MOWER LIFT
LOCKED
R N H
ATFACHMENT REVERSE
CLUTCH ENGAGED NEUTRAL HIGH LOW PARKING BRAKE
KEEP AREA CLEAR SLOPE HAZARDS
ATTACHMENT
IGNITION CLUTCH DISENGAGED
DANGER, KEEP HANDS AND FEET AWAY
(SEE SAFETY RULES SECTION)
FREE WHEEL
(Automatic Models only)
9

OPERATION
KNOW YOUR TRACTOR
READ THIS OWNER'S MANUAL AND SAFETY RULES BEFORE OPERATING YOUR TRACTOR
Compare the illustrations with your tractor to familiarize you rself with the locations ofvarious controls and adjustments. Save
this manual for future reference.
ATTACHMENT IGNITION
CLUTCH SWITCH POSITION
LEVER
...... _- LEVER
PLUNGER
ATTACHMENT
LIFT LEVER
MOWER DECK
HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT
POSITIONS
PARKING
BRAKE
FIG. 4
Our tractors conform to the safety standards of the American National Standards institute.
ATTACHMENT CLUTCH LEVER: Used to engage the
mower blades, orotherattachments mounted toyour tractor.
LIGHT SWITCH POSITION: Turns the headlights on and
Off.
THROTTLE/CHOKE CONTROL: Used for starting and
controllingengine speed.
CLUTCH/BRAKE PEDAL: Used for declutchingand brak-
ingthe tractor and starting the engine.
PARKING BRAKE: Locksclutch/brake pedal intothebrake
position.
GEARSHIFT LEVER: Selects the speed and direction of
tractor.
ATTACHMENT LIFT LEVER: Used to raise, lower, and
adjustthe mower deck or other attachments mounted toyour
tractor.
LIFT LEVER PLUNGER: Used to release attachment lift
lever when changing its position.
IGNITION SWITCH: Used for starting and stopping the
engine.
10

OPERATION
The operation ofany tractor can result in foreign objects thrown into the eyes, which can
resu Itin severe eye damage. Always wear safety glasses or eye shields while operating
your tractor or performing any adjustments or repairs. We recommend a wide vision
safety mask over spectacles or standard safety glasses.
HOW TO USE YOUR TRACTOR
TO SET PARKING BRAKE (See Fig. 5)
Yourtractor isequipped withan operator presence sensing
switch. When engine isrunning,any attemptby theoperator
to leave the seat without first setting the parking brake will
shut oft the engine.
Depress clutch/brake pedal into full "BRAKE" position
and hold.
Place parking brake lever in "ENGAGED" position and
release pressu re from clutch/brake pedal. Pedal should
remain in "BRAKE" position. Make sure parking brake
will hold tractor secure.
THROTTLE/CHOKE'_"_
CONTROL LEVER
ATTACHMENT CLUTCH LEVER
"ENGAGED" POSITION
IGNITION KEY
IDISENGAGED"
TION
PARKING BRAKE
"ENGAGED"
POSITION GEARSHIFT
PARKING BRAKE
"DISENGAGED" POSITION
FIG.5
CLUTCH/BRAKE PEDAL
"DRIVE" POSITION
STOPPING (See Fig. 5)
MOWER BLADES-
To stop mower blades, move attachment clutch lever to
"DISENGAGED" position.
GROUND DRIVE-
To stop ground drive, depress clutch/brake pedal into
full "BRAKE" position.
Move gearshift lever to neutral (N) position.
ENGINE -
Move throttle control to slow position.
NOTE: Failure to move throttlecontrol to slow position and
allowing engine to idle before stopping may cause engine to
"backfire".
•Turn ignition key to "OFF" position and remove key.
Always remove key when leaving tractor to prevent
unauthorized use.
• Never use choke to stop engine.
IMPORTANT: LEAVING THE IGNITION SWITCH IN ANY
POSITION OTHER THAN "OFF" WILL CAUSE THE BATTERY
TO BE DISCHARGED, (DEAD).
NOTE: Under certain conditions when tractor is standing
idle with the engine running, hot engine exhaust gases may
cause "browning" of grass. To eliminate this possibility,
always stop engine when stopping tractor on grass areas.
ICAUTION: Always stop tractor com-
pletely, as described above, before
leaving the operator's position; to
empty grass catcher, etc.
TO USE THROTTLE CONTROL (See Fig. 5)
Always operate engine at fullthrottle.
• Operating engine at less than full throttle reduces the
batterycharging rate.
• Full throttle offers the best bagging and mower perfor-
mance.
TO MOVE FORWARD AND BACKWARD
(See Fig. 5)
The direction and speed of movement iscontrolled by the
gearshift lever.
• Start tractor with clutch/brake pedal depressed and
gearshift lever in neutral (N) position.
• Move gearshift lever to desired position.
• Slowly release clutch/brake pedal to start movement.
IMPORTANT: BRING TRACTOR TO A COMPLETE STOP
BEFORESHIFTING OR CHANGINGGEARS. FAILURETODO
SOWILLSHORTEN THEUSEFULLIFEOFYOURTRANSAXLE.
TO ADJUST MOWER CUTTING HEIGHT
(See Fig. 5)
The position of the attachment lift lever determines the
cutting height.
Grasp lift lever.
• Press plunger with thumb and move lever to desired
position.
The cutting height range is approximately 1-1/2 to 4". The
heights are measured from the ground to the blade tip with
the engine not running. These heights are approximate and
may vary depending upon soil conditions, height of grass
and types of grass being mowed.
The ave rage lawn should be cut to,app roximately 2-1/2
inches during the cool season and to over 3 inches
during hot months. For healthier and better looking
lawns, mow often and after moderate growth,
For best cutting performance, grass over 6 inches in
height should be mowed twice. Make the first cut
relatively high; the second to desired height.
11

OPERATION
TO OPERATE MOWER (See Fig. 6)
Your tractor isequipped withan operator presence sensing
switch. Any attempt by the operator to leave the seat with
the engine running and the attachment clutch engaged will
shut off the engine.
Select desired height of cut.
Start mower blades by engaging attachment clutch
control.
• TO STOP MOWER BLADES - disengage attachment
clutch control.
II
CAUTION: Do not operate the mower I
without either the entire grass catcher, I
on mowers soequipped, or the deflector
shield in place.
"ENGAGED" POSITION
ATTACHMENT LIFT
HIGH POSITION
OW
_POSITION
ATTACHMENT
CLUTCH LEVER
"DISENGAGED" _
POSITION
DEFLECTOR
SHtELD
FIG. 6
TO OPERATE ON HILLS
I_CAUTION: Donotdriveupordownhills I
with slopes greater than f 5°and do not
drive across any slope,
Choose the slowest speed before starting up or down
hills.
Avoid stopping or changing speed on hills.
• If slowing is necessary, move throttle control lever to
slower position.
• If stopping is absolutely necessary, push clutch/brake
pedal quickly to brake position and engage parking
brake.
• Move gearshift lever to 1st gear. Be sure you have
allowed room for tractor to roll slightly as you restart
movement.
•To restart movement, slowly release parking brake and
clutch/brake pedal.
Make all turns slowly.
TO TRANSPORT
Raise attachment lift tohighest position withattachment
lift control.
When pushing or towing your tractor, be sure gearshift
lever is in neutral (N) position.
Do not push or tow tractor at more than five (5) MPH.
NOTE: To protect hood from damage when transporting your
tractor on a truck or a trailer, be sure hood is closed and
secured to tractor. Use an appropriate means of tying hood
to tractor (rope, cord, etc.).
TOWING CARTS AND OTHER ATTACH-
MENTS
Tow only the attachments that are recommended by and
comply with specifications of the manufacturer of your
tractor. Use common sense when towing. Too heavy of a
load, while on aslope, is dangerous. Tires can lose traction
with the ground and cause you tolose control ofyour tractor.
BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE
CHECK ENGINE OIL LEVEL
The engine inyourtractor has been shipped, from the
factory, already filled with summer weight oil,
Check engine oil with tractor on level ground.
Remove oil fill cap/dipstick and wipe clean, reinsert the
dipstick and screw cap tight, wait for a few seconds,
remove and read oil level. If necessary, add oil until
"FULL" mark on dipstick is reached. Do not overfill.
For cold weather operation you should change oil for
easier starting (See "OIL VISCOSITY CHART" in the
Customer Responsibilities section of this manual),
To change engine oil, seethe Customer Responsibilities
section in this manual.
ADD GASOLINE
Fillfuel tankto bottom offiller neck. Do notovefrill. Use
fresh, clean, regular unleaded gasoline with a minimum
of 87 octane. (Use of leaded gasoline will increase
carbon and lead oxide deposits and reduce valve life).
Do not mix oil with gasoline. Purchase fuel in quantities
that can be used within 30 days to assure fuel fresh-
ness.
I6CAUTION: Wipe off any spilled oil or I
fuel. Do not store, spill or use gasoline
near an open flame,
IMPORTANT: WHEN OPERATING IN TEMPERATURES
BELOW32°F(0°C), USE FRESH, CLEAN WINTER GRADE
GASOLINE TO HELP INSURE GOOD COLD WEATHER
STARTING.
12

OPERATION
&CAUTION: Alcohol blended fuels (called
gasohol or using ethanol or methanol)
can attract moisture which leads to sepa-
ration and formation of acids during
storage. Acidic gas can damage the fuel
system ofan engine while instorage. To
avoid engine problems, the fuel system
should be emptied before storage of 30
days or longer. Drain the gas tank, start
the engine and let it run until the fuel
lines and carburetor are empty. Use
fresh fuel next season. See Storage
Instructions for additional information.
Never use engine or carburetor cleaner
products in the fuel tank or permanent
damage may occur.
TO START ENGINE (See Fig. 5)
When startingthe enginefor thefirst timeor Jftheengine has
run out of fuel, itwill take extra cranking time to move fuel
from the tank to the engine.
•Sit on seat in operating position, depress clutch/brake
pedal and set parking brake.
• Place gear shift lever in neutral (N) position.
Move attachment clutch to "DISENGAGED" position.
Move throttle control to choke position.
NOTE: Before starting, read the warm and cold starting
procedures below.
Insert key into ignition and turn key clockwise to
"START" position and release key as soon as engine
starts. Do not run starter continuously for more than
fifteen seconds per minute. If the engine does not start
after several attempts, move throttle contro_ to fast
position, wait a few minutes and try again, tf engine still
does not start, move the throttle control back to the
choke position and retry.
WARM WEATHER STARTING (50 ° F and above)
When engine starts, move the throttle control to the fast
position.
• The attachments and ground drive can now be used. If
the engine does not accept the load, restart the engine
and allow it to warm up for one minute using the choke
as described above.
COLD WEATHER STARTING ( 50° Fand below)
• When engine starts, allow engine to run with the throttle
control in the choke position until the engine runs
roughly, then move throttle control tofast position. This
may require an engine warm-up period from several
seconds to several minutes, depending onthe tempera-
ture.
• The attachments can also be used during the engine
warm-up period.
NOTE: If at a high altitude (above 3000 feet) or in cold
temperatures (below 32 F) the carburetor fuel mixture may
need to be adjusted for best engine performance. See "TO
ADJUST CARBURETOR" in the Service and Adjustments
section of this manual.
MOWING TIPS
• Tire chains cannot be used when the mower housing is
attached to tractor.
Mower should be properly leveled for best mowing
performance. See'q-O LEVEL MOWER HOUSING" in
the Service and Adjustments section of this manual.
• The left hand side of mower should be used for trimming.
Drive so that clippings a re discharged onto the area that
has been cut. Have the cut area to the right of the
machine. This will result in a more even distribution of
clippings and more uniform cutting.
When mowing large areas, start by turning to the right so
that clippings will discharge away from shrubs, fences,
driveways, etc. After one or two rounds, mow in the
opposite direction making left hand turns until finished
(See Fig. 7 ).
f
l
e
f
C,i J
FIG. 7
If grass is extremely tall, it should be mowed twice to
reduce load and possible fire hazard from dried clip-
pings. Make f{rst cut relatively high; the second to the
desired height.
• Do not mow grass when it is wet. Wet grass will plug
mower and leave undesirableclumps. AIIowgrasstodry
before mowing.
Always operate engine at full throttle when mowing
to assure better mowing performance and proper dis-
chargeofmateriaL Regulate ground speed byselecting
alow enough gear to give the mower cutting perfor-
mance as well as the quality of cut desired.
• When operating attachments, select a ground speed
that will suit the terrain and give best performance of the
attachment being used.
13

CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
FILL IN DATES
AS YOU COMPLETE
REGULAR SERVICE
Check 8rake Operation
Check Tire Pressure
sERvicEDATES
Check Operator Presence and
T Interlock Systems _#
Check for Loose Fasteners V'5 I_
Sharpen/Replace Mower Blades _3
Lubrication Chart I_
Check Battery Level
RClean Battery and Terminals I_
Check Transaxle Cooling If
Check V-BelIs V'
Check Engine Oil Level _
Change Engine Oil (with oil filter) Vwl,; V r
Change Engine Oil (without oil filter) _.2 If
Clean Air Filter
Clean Air Screen
Inspect Muffler/Spark Arrester
Replace Oil Filter (If equipped)
Clean Engine Cooling Fins
E
G
E
Replace Spark Plug If
Replace Air Filter Paper Cartridge 11_2
Replace Fuel Filter
1 - Change more often when operating under a heavy load or
in high ambient temperatures.
2 - Service more often when operating in dirty or dusty conditions.
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
The warranty on this tractor does not cover items that have
been subjected to operator abuse or negligence. To receive
full value from the warranty, operator must maintain tractor
as instructed in this manual.
3 - Replace blades more often when mowing in sandy soil
4-Not required if equipped with maintenance-free battery
5 - Tighten front axle pivot bolt to 35 il.-Ibs, maximum.
Do not ovenigl_ten.
LUBRICATION CHART
_SPINDLE
ZERK ;-_-; ZERK
0)FRONT
BEARING ZERK _.
Some adjustments will need to be made periodically to
properly maintain your tractor.
All adjustments in the Service and Adjustments section of
this manual should be checked at least once each season.
•Once a year you should replace the spark plug, clean or
replace air filter, and check blades and belts for wear. A
new spark plug and clean air filter assure proper air-fuel
mixture and help yourengine run betterand last longer.
BEFORE EACH USE
•Check engine oil level.
•Check brake operation.
•Check tire pressure.
•Checkoperatorpresenceand
interlocksystems for proper operation.
•Check for loose fasteners.
(t)GENERAL PURPOSE GREASE
(2)REFER TO CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES "ENGINE"
SECTION
_(i)FRONT WHEEL
BEARING ZERK
IMPORTANT: DO NOT OIL OR GREASE THE PIVOT POINTS
WHICH HAVE SPECIAL NYLON BEARINGS. VISCOUS LUSRI-
CANTS WILL ATTRACT DUST AND DIRT THAT WILL SHORTEN
THE LIFE OF THE SELF*LUBRICATING BEARINGS, IF YOU
FEEL THEY MUST BE LUBRICATED, USE ONLY A DRY, POW-
DERED GRAPHITE TYPE LUBRICANT SPARINGLY.
14

CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES
TRACTOR
Always observe safety rules when performing any mainte-
nance.
BRAKE OPERATION
If tractor requires more than six (6) feet stopping distance at
high speed in highest gear, then brake must be adjusted.
(See'q'O ADJUST BRAKE" inthe Service and Adjustments
section of this manual).
TIRES
• Maintain proper air pressure in alltires (See"PRODUCT
SPECIFICATIONS" section of this manual).
• Keep tires free of gasoline, oil, or insect control chemi-
cals which can harm rubber.
• Avoid stumps, stones, deep ruts, sharp objects and
other hazards that may cause tire damage.
NOTE: To seal tire punctures and prevent flat tires due to
slow leaks, tire sealant may be purchased from your local
parts dealer. Tire sealant also prevents tire dry rot and
corrosion.
OPERATOR PRESENCE SYSTEM
Be sure operator presence and interlock systems are work-
ing properly. Ifyour tractor does not function as described,
repair the problem immediately.
• The engine should not start unless the clutch/brake
pedal isfully depressed and attachement clutch control
is in the disengaged position.
When the engine isrunning, any attempt bythe operator
to leave the seat without first setting the parking brake
should shut off the engine.
• When the engine isrunning and the attachment clutch is
engaged, any attempt by the operator to leave the seat
should shut off the engine,
• The attachment clutch should neveroperate unless the
operator is in the seat.
BLADE CARE
Forbest results mower blades must be kept sharp. Replace
bent or damaged blades.
BLADE REMOVAL (See Fig. 8)
Raise mower to highest position to allow access to
blades.
Remove blade bolt, lock washer and flat washer secur-
ing blade.
Install new or resharpened blade with trailing edge up
towards deck as shown.
IMPORTANT: TO ENSURE PROPER ASSEMBLY, CENTER
HOLE IN BLADE MUST ALIGN WITH STAR ON MANDREL
ASSEMBLY.
Reassemble blade bolt, lock washer and flat washer in
exact order as shown.
• Tighten blade bolt securely (27-35 Ft. Lbs. torque).
IMPORTANT: BLADE BOLT IS GRADE 8 HEAT TREATED.
TRAILING
EDGE UP
CENTER
(HOLE
LOCK WASHER
.J
_' FLAT WASHER
_BLADE BOLT
(GRADE 8)*
MANDREL
ASSEMBLY
STAR
*A GRADE 8 HEAT TREATED BOLT CAN BE
IDENTIFIED BY SIX LINES ON THE BOLT HEAD.
FIG. 8
TO SHARPEN BLADE (See Fig. 9)
NOTE: We do not recommend sharpening blade- but ifyou
do, be sure the blade is balanced.
Care should be taken to keep the blade balanced. An
unbalanced blade will cause excessive vibration and even-
tual damage to mower and engine.
• The blade can be sharpened with a file or on a grinding
wheel. Do not attempt to sharpen while on the mower.
• To check blade balance, you will need a 5/8" diameter
steel bolt, pin, or a cone balancer. (When using a cone
balancer, follow the instructions supplied with balancer.)
NOTE: Do not use a nail for balancing blade. The lobes of
the center hole may appear to be centered, but are not.
Slide blade on to an unthreaded portion of the steel bolt
or pin and hold the bolt or pin parallel with the ground. If
blade is balanced, it should remain in a horizontal
position. If either end of the blade moves downward,
sharpen the heavy end until the blade is balanced.
/
CENTER HOLE /
5/8" BOLT BLADE
OR PIN
FIG. 9
15

CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES
BATTERY
Your tractor has a battery charging system which is suffi-
cient for normal use. However, periodic charging of the
battery with an automotive charger will extend its life.
Keep battery and terminals clean.
Keep battery bolts tight.
• Keep small vent holes open.
Recharge at 6-10 amperes for 1 hour.
NOTE: The original equipment battery on your tractor is
maintenance free. Do not attempt toopen or remove caps or
covers. Adding or checking level of electrolyte is not
necessary.
TO CLEAN SATI-ERY AND TERMINALS
Corrosion and dirt on the battery and terminals can cause the
battery to "leak" power.
• Disconnect SLACK batterycable first then RED battery
cable and remove battery from tractor.
Rinse the battery with plain water and dry.
• Clean terminals and battery cable ends with wire brush
until bright.
Coat terminals with grease or petroleum jelly.
• Reinstall battery (See "REPLACING BATTERY" in the
SERVICE AND ADJUSTMENTS section ofthis manual).
V-BELTS
Check V-belts for deterioration and wear after 100 hours of
operation and replace if necessary. The belts are not
adjustable. Replace belts ifthey begin to slipfrom wear.
TRANSAXLE COOLING
Keep transaxle free from build-up ofdirtand chaffwhichcan
restrictcooling.
ENGINE
LUBRICATION
Only use high quality detergent oil rated with API service
classification SF-SJ. Select the oil's SAE viscosity grade
according to your expected operating temperature.
SAE VISCOSITY GRADES
F-20 0 30 32 40 60 80 100
-30 -20 -10 010 20 30 40
TEMPERATURE RANGE ANTICIPATED BEFORE NEXT OIL CHANGE
FIG, 10
NOTE: Although multi-viscosity oils (5W30, 10W30 etc.)
improve starting in cold weather, these multi-viscosity oils
will result in increased oil consumption when used above
32°F. Check your engine oil level more frequently to avoid
possible engine damage from running low on oil.
Change the oil after every 25 hours of operation or at least
once a year ifthe tractor isnot used for 25 hours inone year.
Check the crankcase oil levelbefore starting the engine and
after each eight (8) hours of operation. Tighten oil fill cap/
dipstick securely each time you check the oil level.
TO CHANGE ENGINE OIL (See Figs. 10 and 11)
Determine temperature range expected before oil change.
All oil must meet API service classification SF-SJ.
• Be sure tractor is on level surface.
Oil will drain more freely when warm.
Catch oil in a suitable container.
Remove oil fill cap/dipstick. Be careful notto allow dirt
to enter the engine when changing oil.
Remove yellow cap from end of drain valve and install
the drain tube onto the fitting.
OIL DRAIN VALVE
CLOSED
AND
POSITION
CAP TUBE
FIG. 11
Unlock drain valve bypushing inward and turning coun-
terclockwise.
To open, pull out on the drain valve.
After oil has drained completely, close and lock the drain
valve by pushing inward and turning clockwise until the
pin is in the locked position as shown.
Remove the drain tube and replace the cap onto to the
bottom fitting of the drain valve.
Refill engine with oil through oil fill dipstick tube. Pour
slowly. Do not overfill. For approximate capacity see
"PROD UCT SPECIFICATIONS" section ofthis manual.
Use gauge on oil fill cap/dipstick for checking level. Be
sure dipstick cap is tightened securely for accurate
reading. Keep oil at "FULL" line on dipstick.
16

CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES
CLEAN AIR SCREEN
Air screen must be kept free of dirt and chaff to prevent
engine damage from overheating. Clean with a wire brush or
compressed airto remove dirt and stubborn dried gum fibers.
ENGINE COOLING FINS (See Fig. 12)
Remove any dust, dirt or oil from engine cooling fins to
prevent engine damage from overheating.
Remove screws from blower housing and lift housing
and dipstick tube assembly off engine.
Cover oilfill opening to prevent entry of dirt.
Use compressed air or stiff bristle brush to thoroughly
clean engine cooling fins.
To reassemble, reverse above procedure.
SCREWS
OIL FILL
TUBE
ASSEMBLY
BLOWER
HOUSING SCREWS
AIR SCREEN
ENGINE COOLING FINS SPARK
PLUG
FIG. 12
AIR FILTER (See Fig. 13)
Yourengine will not run properly using a dirty air filter. Clean
the foam pre-cleaner after every 25 hours of operation or
every season. Service paper cartridge every 100 hours of
operation or every season, whichever occurs first.
Service air cleaner more often under dusty conditions.
Remove knob(s) and cover.
TO SERVICE PRE-CLEANER
Slide foam pre-cleaner off cartridge.
Wash it in liquid detergent and water.
Squeeze itdry in a clean cloth.
Satu rate itin engine oil. Wrap itin clean, absorbent cloth
and squeeze to remove excess oil.
If very dirty or damaged, replace pre-cleaner.
Reinstall pre-cleaner over cartridge.
• Reinstall cover and secure with knob(s).
TO SERVICE CARTRIDGE
Remove cartridge nut.
Carefully remove cartridge to prevent debris from enter-
ing carburetor. Clean base carefully to prevent debris
from entering carburetor.
Clean cartridge bytapping gently on flat surface. If very
dirty or damaged, replace cartridge.
•Reinstall cartridge, nut, precleaner, cover and secure
with knob(s).
IMPORTANT: PETROLEUM SOLVENTS, SUCH AS
KEROSENE, ARE NOT TO BE USED TO CLEAN THE
CARTRIDGE. THEY MAY CAUSE DETERIORATION OF
THE CARTRIDGE. DO NOT OIL CARTRIDGE. DO NOT
USE PRESSURIZED AIR TO CLEAN OR DRY CARTRIDGE.
COVER.__,_
KNOB J
CARTRIDGE
_/./NUT
_PAPER
FOAM _ CARTRIDGE
PRE-CLEANER
FIG. 13
17

CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES
MUFFLER
Inspect and replace corroded muffler and spark arrester (if
equipped) as itcould create a fire hazard and/or damage.
SPARK PLUGS
Replace spark plugs at the beginning of each mowing
season or after every 100 hours of operation, whichever
occurs first. Spark plug type and gap setting are shown in
"PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS" section of this manual.
IN-LINE FUEL FILTER (See Fig. 14)
The fuel filter should be replaced once each season. If fuel
filter becomes clogged, obstructing fuel flow to carburetor,
replacement is required.
With engine cool, remove filter and plug fuel line sec-
tions.
•Place new fuel filter in position in fuel line with arrow
pointing towards carburetor,
• Be sure there are no fuel line leaks and clamps are
properly positioned.
• Immediately wipe up any spilled gasoline.
CLAMP
CLAMP
FUEL _
FILTER
FIG. 14
CLEANING
Clean engine, battery, seat, finish, etc. of all foreign
matter.
• Keep finished surfaces and wheels free of all gasoline,
oil, etc.
• Protect painted surfaces with automotive type wax.
We do not recommend using a garden hose to clean your
tractor unless the electrical system, muffler, air filter and
carburetor are covered to keep water out. Water in engine
can result in a shortened engine life.
18

SERVICE AND ADJUSTMENTS
WARNING: TO AVIOD SERIOUS INJURY, BEFORE PERFORMING ANY SERVICE OR ADJUSTMENTS:
Depress clutch/brake pedal fully and set parking brake.
• Place gearshift lever in neutral (N) position.
Place attachment clutch in "DISENGAGED" position.
Turn ignition key to "STOP" and remove key.
Make sure the blades and all moving parts have completely stopped.
Disconnect spark plug wire from spark plug and place wire where it cannot come in contact with
plug.
TRACTOR
TO REMOVE MOWER (See Fig. 15)
Mower willbe easierto remove from the rightside oftractor.
Place attachment clutch in "DISENGAGED" position.
• Move attachment lift lever forward tOlower mower to its
lowest position.
Roll belt off engine pulley.
Remove small retainer spring, and lift clutch spring off
pulley bolt.
• Removelargeretainerspring, slidecollaroffandpush
housing guide out of bracket.
Disconnect anti-swaybar from chassis bracket by re-
moving retainer spring.
Disconnect suspension arms from rear deck brackets
by removing retainer springs.
Disconnect front links from deck by removing retainer
springs.
• Raise lift lever to raise suspension arms. Slide mower
out from under tractor.
IMPORTANT: IF AN A37-ACHMENT OTHER THAN THE
MOWER DECK IS TO BE MOUNTED ON THE TRAC-
TOR, REMOVE THE FRONT LINKS AND HOOK THE
CLUTCH SPRING INTO SQUARE HOLE IN FRAME.
SUSPENSION ARMS
TO INSTALL MOWER (See Fig. 15)
Raise attachment liftlever to itshighest position.
Slide mower under tractor with deflector shield to right
side of tractor.
Lower lift lever to its lowest position.
• Connect front links to mower deck and secure with
retainer springs.
Connect suspension arms to rear deck brackets and
secure with retainer springs.
• Connect anti-swaybar to chassis bracket and secure
with retainer spring.
• Push clutch cable housing guide into bracket, slide collar
onto guide and secure with large retainer spring.
• Install belt onto engine pulley.
SMALL ENGINE PULLEY
CLUTCH
RETAINER LINK
ANTI-SWAY BAR RETAINER SPRINGS
\\(BOTH SIDES)
HOUSING GUIDE LARGE
RETAINER
SPRING BRACKET DEFLECTOR SHIELD
Fig. 15
19

SERVICE AND ADJUSTMENTS
TO LEVEL MOWER HOUSING
Adjust the mower while tractor is parked on level ground or
driveway. Make su retires are properly inflated (See "PROD-
UCT SPECIFICATfONS" section of this manual). Iftires are
over or underinflated, you will not properly adjust your
mower.
SIDE-TO-SIDE ADJUSTMENT (See Figs. 16 and 17)
• Raise mower to its highest position.
At the midpoint of both sides of mower, measure height
from bottom edge of mower to ground. Distance"A"on
both sides of mower should be the same or within 1/4"
of each other.
If adjustment is necessary, make adjustment on one
side of mower only.
• To raise one side of mower, tighten lift link adjustment
nut on that side.
To lowerone side of mower, loosen lift link adjustment
nut on that side.
NOTE: Three full turns ofadjustment nutwill change mower
height about 1/8".
• Recheck measurements after adjusting.
SO]-rOM EDGE BOTTOM EDGE
OF MOWER OF MOWER
_GROUND LIN_
FIG. 16
Q
_ _ SUSPENSION ARM
o@
FT LINK
_.....-AOJUSTMEN1
-- __ NUT
FIG. 17
FRONT-TO-BACK ADJUSTMENT (See Figs, 18 and 19)
IMPORTANT: DECK MUST BE LEVELSIDE-TO-SIDE. IF
THE FOLLOWING FRONT-TO-BACK ADJUSTMENT IS
NECESSARY, BE SURE TO ADJUST BOTH FRONT LINKS
EQUALLY SO MOWER WILL STAY LEVEL SIDE-TO-
SIDE.
To obtain the best cutting results, the mower housing should
be adjusted so that the front is approximately 1/8" to 1/2"
lower than the rear when the mower is in its highest position.
Checkadjustment on right side of tractor. Measure distance
"D" directly in front and behind the mandrel at bottom edge
of mower housing as shown.
• Before making any necessary adjustments, check that
both front links are equal in length.
If links are not equal in length, adjust one link to same
length as other link.
To lower frent of mower loosen nut"E" on both front links
an equal number of turns.
When distance "D" is 1/8" to 1/2" lower at front than rea r,
tighten nuts "F" against trunnion on both front links.
To raise front of mower, loosen nut"F" from trunnion on
both front links. Tighten nut "E" on both front links an
equal number of turns. The two front links must remain
equal in length.
When distance"D" is 1/8" to 1/2" lower at front than rear,
tighten nut "F" against trunnion on both front links.
Recheck side-to-side adjustment.
J. _ o,I MANDREL
FIG. 18
BOTH FRONT LINKS MUST BEEQUALIN LENGTH
2O
NUT "F"_
TRUNNION _NUT
FRONT LINK__/_._ / /
FIG. 19
"E"
TO REPLACE MOWER BLADE DRIVE BELT
(See Fig. 20)
The mower blade drive belt may be replaced withouttools.
Park the tractor on level surface. Engage parking brake.
BELT REMOVAL -
•Place attachment clutch in "DISENGAGED" position.
Move attachment liftleverforward to lower mower toits
lowest position.
Roll belt off engine pulley.
• Disconnect R.H. suspension armfrom reardeck bracket
by removing retainer spring.
•Work belt offboth mandrel pulleys and idler pulleys.
•Pull belt away from mower.
BELT INSTALLATION -
Work new belt around both mandrel pulleys and idler
pulleys.
•Install new belt into engine pulleygrove.
Reconnect R.H. suspension arm and secure with re-
tainerspnng.
•Make sure belt isinall purley grooves and inside allbelt
guides.