Westell 3116-10 Issue B User manual


Equipment Issue B
030-101522 Rev. C, September 2005
Section 311-610-20B
0509IBRC
Page 1 of 26
Copyright 2005 Westell, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
*CLEI is a trademark of Telcordia Technologies. 200 MECHANICS in a registered trademark of Westell, Inc.
DS1 Network Interface Unit with Performance Monitoring
Model 3116-10 Issue B
Part of the Westell PROACTtFamily
CLEI* Code: T1L8AC0AAA
CONTENTS PAGE #
1. GENERAL 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. APPLICATIONS 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. TRANSMISSION FEATURES AND OPTIONS 3. . . . .
4. LOOPBACK FEATURES AND OPTIONS 5. . . . . . . . .
5. SECTIONALIZATION ALARM FEATURES 7. . . . . . .
6. PERFORMANCE MONITORING & REPORTING 8.
7. HARDWARE OPTIONS & FEATURES 9. . . . . . . . . . .
8. INSTALLATION 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. SET-UP AND OPERATION 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING 21. . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. CUSTOMER & TECHNICAL SERVICES 21. . . . . . . .
12. WARRANTY & REPAIRS 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. SPECIFICATIONS 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. GENERAL
1.1 Document Purpose
This document describes the Westell 3116-10 DS1 Network In-
terface Unit (NIU) with Performance Monitoring, shown in
Figure 1.
1.2 Document Status
Whenever this practice is updated, the reason will be stated in
this paragraph. Revision C updates Figure 5. Revision B up-
dated Paragraph 4.7.1, 5.3.2.1, 6.3 and 7.1.1, added the CLEI
code, and removed the previous Paragraph 4.2. This practice re-
flects the Issue B equipment, which provides the following
improvements:
Manufacturability
PM storage increased to 90 days
Event log increased for 200 events
Test pattern generation
XMT binder level added
ESF and B8ZS LEDs added
SPRM generation added
Craft port Notepad screen added
LED labels changed for improved path identification
Application modes combined
Figure 1. 3116-10 NIU with Performance Monitoring
B90-311610
125641
NIU-PM
PWR
ESF
FAC
CPE
LB
C
P
E
B
R
G
TP1
TP2
MAN
LB
B8ZS
F
A
C
B
R
G
- NOTE -
Hereafter, the 3116-10 DS1 Network Interface Unit with
Performance Monitoring also may be referred to as the NIU,"
the unit," or 3116-10."
1.3 Product Purpose and Description
The Westell 3116-10 Issue B T1 Network Interface Unit with
real-time Performance Monitoring serves as an interface be-
tween a T1 metallic span, or a customer premises-based fiber
multiplexer, and the intra-building Customer Premises Equip-
ment (CPE). The 3116-10 Issue B is a member of the Westell
PROACT family of T1 NIUs that provide standard maintenance
loopback plus collection and reporting of DS1 performance sta-
tistics. These performance monitoring capabilities allow service
providers to PROACTively" respond to facility performance
degradation, thereby improving the availability of Hi-Cap T1
circuits.


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
20509IBRC
1.4 Product Mounting
The 3116-10 is a 200 MECHANICSNIU and makes electrical
connections to the Facility and CPE sides of the circuit through
a 56-pin card-edge connector of a 200- or 400-mechanics type
mounting, using industry-standard pin assignments. The mount-
ing assembly is usually mounted on an equipment backboard at
the customer location, after the building entrance terminal and
primary protection. Westell offers a wide range of single and
multiple slot mountings available in both backboard (wall) and
rack mount versions for NIUs. In some applications it may be de-
sirable to situate the NIU in outside plant cabinets or enclosures.
The NIU is fully qualified for operating over the temperature
range of -40 to +65°C (temperature hardened).
1.5 Product Features
The 3116-10 offers the following features.
Full-featured T1 NIU loopback device plus detailed T1 per-
formance monitoring and reporting at the customer facility
interface
Loopback activation and deactivation using inband (un-
framed or SF/ESF framed) or ESF Data Link codes
Addressed loopback control with 16-bit pattern for TER
(T1 Extension Repeater) applications
CPE-to-Facility LBO provisionable from 0 to 22.5dB in 7.5
dB increments
Alternate self-aligning CPE-to-Facility LBO that automati-
cally protects the network from a mis-optioned customer
LBO
Enhanced sectionalization capabilities via AIS-CI and
RAI-CI alarm signals as defined by T1.403-1998
Derives and maintains DS1 performance statistics inde-
pendently for each direction of transmission
Supports both 90-day stored as well as real-time perfor-
mance reporting modes
Flexible DS1 performance reporting options:
Local, non-intrusive access to PM parameters via a
front-panel local craft interface port
Remote, intrusive access during loopback to PM pa-
rameters via TL1 commands and responses in the ESF
Data Link
Remote, non-intrusive access to PM parameters via
TL1 commands and responses in the Data Link, by use
of a Test Head, without affecting customer payload
Remote, non-intrusive real-time reporting of PM pa-
rameters via 1-second NPRM or SPRM reports in the
Data Link per ANSI T1.403-1998
On board test pattern generator
Notepad craft screen for documenting information about
the circuit
User-configurable alarm threshold craft screen
Integral real-time clock provides time stamping of all per-
formance information
Selectable powering option (via jumper option) for span or
local power
Front-panel test points for measuring span current
Bridge-type bantam jacks on FAC IN and FAC OUT ports
for transmission path monitoring
Front-panel craft interface port (serial RS-232, VT-100) for
local, non-intrusive PM extraction, unit set up, test code
generation and circuit maintenance
Remote provisioning and query of options (TL1 non-intru-
sive or 16-bit intrusive)
Front-panel LEDs indicate status of:
PWR (Power)
LB (Loopback)
FAC (Facility Signal Status)
CPE (CPE Signal Status)
ESF (ESF Framing detected from the facility)
B8ZS (B8ZS detected from the facility)
Internal per-circuit local power fusing
Certified to UL standard 60950
Recognized to CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950-00
NEBS compliant
Operates over the -40 to +65C temperature range allow-
ing deployment in outside plant (OSP) enclosures and
cabinets; Temperature Hardened
2. APPLICATIONS
The NIU can be used to terminate a T1 metallic span facility or
as an adjunct to a lightwave multiplexer when DS1 circuits are
extended to a customer location on fiber facilities. The CPE con-
nections are intra-building.
The unit is situated at the customer’s premises and functions as
a maintenance interface between the T1 metallic span or fiber
multiplexer facility and the CPE. In addition to conventional
NIU functions such as loopback, the NIU collects performance
data for both directions of the facility, stores the information and
reports it to the remote test center either on demand via TL1
commands or on a real-time basis via NPRMs or SPRMs. This
performance information can also be locally accessed via the
front-panel RS-232 craft interface port.
- NOTE -
Real-time Performance Monitoring retrieval will initially require
that the test head be updated to monitor the Facility Data Link
non-intrusively for performance information.
2.1 Transmission Design
2.1.1 T1 Span - Copper Applications
2.1.1.1 Normal T1 span design allows from 0 to 15dB of loss
from the last repeater in the span to the customer interface and

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
3
0509IBRC
a maximum loss of 7.5dB for inside wiring to the CPE (see
Figure 2). This represents a total loss of 22.5dB. This mode pro-
vides a receive transmission path that can be configured to pass
the signal from the span to the CPE with either no net regenera-
tion or with the optional regenerator to 0dB DSX. The optional
regenerator in this path can be used in applications where the
maximum loss of 22.5dB to the CPE cannot be achieved other-
wise, or in special situations where the customer requires a 0dB
DSX handoff.
2.1.1.2 The unit’s transmit path from the CPE to the Network
provides a selectable 0 to 22.5 dB LBO as well as an automatic,
self-aligning LBO (Line Build Out) circuit to meet route junc-
tion and end section design requirements in T1 span
applications.
2.1.2 T1 Fiber Applications
When T1 service to a customer is provided via fiber, the unit can
be configured to serve as a maintenance interface between the
fiber mux and the CPE. The unit can be located up to 220 feet
from the mux. See Figure 3. In this mode, the unit can be provi-
sioned for CPE-to-FAC regeneration which will regenerate
CPE input levels that have been attenuated from 0 to 30dB to a
normal 0dB DSX. This is useful due to the fact that the DS1 low-
speed tributary ports of most multiplexers are designed to
accommodate input levels that have been attenuated no more
than 3dB from 0dB DSX. This feature allows for greater section
losses to be accommodated. The CPE-to-FAC regeneration fea-
ture allows the unit to be used in applications that previously
required a T1 Extension Repeater.
2.2 Power
2.2.1 Local Power
The NIU can be powered either from the T1 span or from a local
external supply. When locally powered, the supply should be 22
to 56Vdc and can be either a positive or negative ground refer-
ence. This allows the NIU to operate from +24Vdc supplies at
certain wireless and PCS (Personal Communication Service)
sites. In the local power mode, the NIU completes the T1 span
simplex power loop and drops negligible span voltage.
2.2.2 Span Power
When optioned for Span Power, the unit is powered remotely
from the last serving office via the transmission simplex leads.
The unit will operate with a simplex current ranging from 57 to
63 mA and will drop 24 Volts nominal at 60mA. In addition, in
the Span Power, the unit will serve as a termination device for
span power by looping the simplex current back on the FAC
OUT simplex lead.
3. TRANSMISSION FEATURES & OPTIONS
The NIU can be configured to operate in multiple applications.
The specific transmission provisioning is dependent on the ap-
plication. To facilitate this discussion, refer to Figure 4 for a
simplified diagram of the NIU transmission path during normal
operation.
3.1 RCV Path: Facility to CPE (A to Z Direction)
3.1.1 The incoming DS1 bit stream from the facility enters
the NIU on the FAC IN port and is transformer coupled into the
receive path circuitry. To facilitate circuit testing, a front-panel
bantam jack (FAC BRG) provides bridge access to the receive
path.
3.1.2 The FAC-to-CPE path is continuously monitored for
loss of signal, control codes and performance statistics by vari-
ous detectors that operate over an input signal range of 0 to
-30dB DSX, and are unaffected by cable length or terminations
on any port or signal state of the CPE. If the FAC IN signal con-
tains more than 128 consecutive zeros, a FAC-to-CPE path
Loss-Of-Signal condition is declared, the front-panel FAC LED
lights solid red and an Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) is sent to
the CPE.
Figure 2. Metallic T1 Span Applications
CPE
15dB 7.5dB
22.5dB
Network
Interface
NIU
LINE
RPTR
Figure 3. Lightwave/Mux Fiber Applications
CPE
15dB 7.5dB
22.5dB
Network
Interface
M
U
X
NIU
LBO
220 feet


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
40509IBRC
5
15
CT1
CR1
7
13
41
47
55
49
CT
CR
FAC
IN
FAC
OUT
CPE
IN
CPE
OUT
T
R
T1
R1
Figure 4. 3116-10 Block Diagram Overview
FAC
BRG
TO/FROM
TELCO
FACILITY
DIS
CPE
BRG
FAC
PERFORMANCE
MONITOR & LOS
DETECTOR
(CPE-to-FAC PATH - Z-A)
PERFORMANCE
MONITOR & LOS
DETECTOR
(FAC-to-CPE PATH - A-Z)
PERFORMANCE
REGISTERS
Note: Switches shown are for illustrative purposes
only - options are provisioned electronically
CONTROL CODE
DETECTORS
FAC-to-CPE
REGEN
TO/FROM
CUSTOMER
INTERFACE
(CPE)
CPE
CPE-to-FAC
REGEN
EN
DIS
EN
Provisionable/
Self-Aligning
LBO
22.5 dB
15 dB
0 dB
7.5 dB
AB15 dB
AB22.5 dB
Figure 5. 3116-10 Detailed Block Diagram
FAC-to-CPE
Regen
DIS
EN
17
5
15
55
49
CT1
CR1
CPE Out
CT
CR
CPE In
7
13
T
R
TP1
TP2
GND
P201 SPAN
LOCAL SPAN
P201
LOCAL
T1
R1
41
47
PWR
LB
FAC Out
FAC
BRG
System
Controller And
PM Registers
Provisionable/
Self-Aligning
LBO
LB
Relay
10 Ω
LB
LB
CPE
BRG
Power
Converter
LOCAL SPAN
P201
TO CPE
FROM CPE
TO
FACILITY
FROM
FACILITY
FAC In
35
MAN
LB
LB1
LB1
LB1
Relay
Network
Loopback
CPE
Loopback
ESF B8ZS
CPE-to-FAC
Regen
22.5 dB
15 dB
27 FRM GND
-V
OVER CURRENT
PROTECTION
Control Code
Detector
Performance
Monitor &
LOS Detector
FAC
AIS to CPE
Generator
LB
CPE LOS
(LB/AIS/Idle/RAI-CI)
Generator
0 dB
7.5 dB
AB15 dB
AB22.5 dB
OVER CURRENT
PROTECTION
DIS
EN
Performance
Monitor &
LOS Detector
CPE
DB-9
Craft Port

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
5
0509IBRC
3.1.3 FAC-to-CPE Regen
With FAC-to-CPE Regen enabled, the NIU will regenerate in-
put levels that have been attenuated from 0 to 30dB to a nominal
0dB DSX to the customer interface. The FAC-to-CPE Regen is
a selectable option that can be set remotely via TL1 or 16-bit
commands or locally via the craft terminal interface port. With
the FAC-to-CPE Regen disabled, the receive transmission path
provides no net regeneration from input to output. In this case,
the NIU has a nominal insertion loss of 1.5dB.
3.2 XMT Path: CPE-to-FAC (Z to A Direction)
The DS1 signal from the CPE enters the NIU via the CPE IN
port and is transformer coupled into the transmit path circuitry.
The transmit path is continuously monitored for loss of signal
and DS1 performance from the customer. If the CPE IN signal
contains more than 128 consecutive zeros, a CPE-to-FAC path
Loss-Of-Signal condition is declared and the front-panel CPE
LED lights solid red.
3.2.1 CPE-to-FAC Regen
When placed behind a multiplexer (i.e., fiber applications), the
unit functions as a T1 Extension Repeater and requires the CPE-
to-FAC Regen to be enabled. With FAC Regen enabled, the
NIU will regenerate input levels that have been attenuated from
0 to 30dB to a nominal 0dB DSX to the facility interface. The
CPE-to-FAC Regen is a selectable option that can be set re-
motely via TL1 or 16-bit commands or locally via the craft
terminal interface port. With the CPE-to-FAC Regen disabled,
the receive transmission path provides no net regeneration from
input to output. In this case, the signal is connected directly to
the CPE-to-FAC LBO circuit.
3.2.2 CPE-to-FAC LBO
3.2.2.1 LBO (Line Build Out) is an artificial line used to meet
T1 span and end-section design requirements. The 3116-10 pro-
vides a fixed LBO circuit as well as a self aligning LBO circuit.
3.2.2.2 The fixed LBO circuit provides from 0 to 22.5dB of sig-
nal attenuation in 7.5dB increments. The CPE-to-FAC LBO is
a selectable option that can be set remotely via TL1 or 16-bit
commands or locally via the craft terminal interface port.
3.2.2.3 As an alternative to the fixed LBO settings, the "Auto-
Binder" feature can be selected (AB15 and AB22.5). The
auto-binder option only introduces loss when necessary, auto-
matically protecting the network from mis-optioned customer
equipment - specifically, mis-optioned customer LBO settings.
3.2.2.4 At installation, the NIU/PM will have it’s "Auto-Bind-
er Level" circuitry optioned to match the circuit’s binder level
requirement .... e.g. -22.5 dB (AB22.5). The "Auto-binder Lev-
el" circuitry measures the signal level arriving from the facility
as well as the signal level arriving from the customer. Based on
these levels, the NIU/PM’s "Auto-Binder Level" circuitry will
automatically insert the appropriate amount of additional loss
required to ensure the customer’s signal arrives at the binder
group’s common termination point at the correct level. For a set-
ting of "AB22.5", a level of -22.5 dB is maintained. The
"Auto-binder Level" circuitry constantly monitors the input lev-
els from the network and customer and adjusts how much
additional LBO is required to keep the binder level at the neces-
sary level.
- NOTE -
The Auto-Binder Level" circuitry only introduces additional
loss when the customer fails" to meet the signal level require-
ments set forth by the RBOC. The additional loss is only inserted
when the customer’s signal threatens to interfere with other, adja-
cent T1 service by introducing crosstalk problems. Additionally,
sufficient hysteresis is provided to prevent the Auto-Binder" cir-
cuitry from oscillating in and out.
Examples:
If FAC IN level is 0dB and CPE IN level is 22.5dB, and
Binder Level selection is set for 22.5dB, the LBO circuit
would adjust itself to 0dB.
If FAC IN level is 0dB and CPE IN level is 15dB, and the
Binder Level selection is set for 22.5dB, the LBO circuit
would adjust itself to 7.5dB.
3.2.2.5 The resulting signal is then output over the FAC OUT
port toward the Telco Facility. To facilitate circuit testing, a
front-panel bantam jack (CPE BRG) provides bridging access to
the path.
3.3 Monitored Line Coding - AMI/B8ZS
The Monitored Line Code option determines if B8ZS octets and
8 consecutive 0’s are reflected in the Line Errored Seconds and
B8ZS Errored Second performance parameters. This option
does not effect the unit’s transmission path. When the Moni-
tored Line Coding is set for AMI, occurrences of 16 consecutive
0’s will be disregarded and occurrences of B8ZS octets will be re-
flected in the B8ZS Errored Count. When the Monitored Line
Coding is set for B8ZS, occurrences of B8ZS octets will be disre-
garded and occurrences of 8 consecutive 0’s will be reflected in
the Line Errored Seconds.
3.4 Monitored Framing - ESF/SF
The Monitored Framing option determines the framing refer-
ence that the performance monitoring (PM) section of the NIU
will use in it’s PM calculations. If the option is set for "ESF", val-
id ESF-framing bits and CRC-bits are expected. Note, the
setting of this option does not affect the unit’s ability to pass sig-
nal. That is, if this option is set to "SF", the NIU shall still have
the ability to pass ESF framed signals AND inject NPRM’s into
the ESF data-link - despite the fact that the PM section will be
reporting Severe Errored Frame events due to the framing mis-
match (i.e. Monitored Framing = SF, Actual FACILITY
Framing = ESF). This option can be set remotely via TL1 or
16-bit commands or locally via the craft interface.
4. LOOPBACK FEATURES AND OPTIONS
Loopback can be used during maintenance and circuit trouble-
shooting to verify the integrity of the Telco DS1 facility up to, and
including, the NIU. Loopback, when activated, loops the entire
DS1 payload from the receive facility back towards the transmit
facility. Also, when the unit is in loopback the front-panel Loop-
back LED (LB) will be on, and a loopback timeout circuit, if
enabled, is activated. Figure 6 shows a simplified view of the cir-
cuit during loopback .
4.1 Facility Loopback
During Facility Loopback, the LB LED is solid yellow and the
receive T1 bit stream from the facility enters the NIU on the
FAC IN port. The signal is then routed through the loopback


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
60509IBRC
path to the opposite path and is passed back to the network via
the FAC OUT port. During Network-side Loopback, AIS is sent
toward the CPE.
4.2 Dual Loopback
Dual Loopback is available to simultaneously loop back signals
to the facility and back to the CPE. Dual Loopback can be acti-
vated via inband codes, via the MLB front panel switch, and via
the NIU craft port STATUS menu. When Dual Loopback is acti-
vated, the LB LED is blinking yellow.
4.3 Loopback Activation/Deactivation
Loopback can be activated/deactivated by one of four ways:
1. Remotely, on-demand, via control codes (inband or ESF
Data Link) in the DS1 signal from a network test location,
2. Locally, on demand, via the front-panel MAN LB push but-
ton switch,
3. Locally, on demand, via the front-panel RS-232 craft termi-
nal interface port, or
4. Automatically, when the NIU detects a loss of signal from
the CPE and CPE LOS response is optioned for LB (see
Part 5).
4.4 Remote Loopback Activation/Deactivation
Loopback activation/deactivation is done from a remote test
center, such as a Hi-Cap Center or Central Office, by sending in-
band or ESF Data Link loopback control codes toward the NIU
for the proper duration. These control code sequences are listed
in Table 1.
4.4.1 Inband Codes
Inband codes are repetitive patterns at the 1.544Mb rate and
may be unframed, SF framed or ESF framed. The Inband code
pattern must be sent for a minimum of five seconds. The unit will
reject the pattern if it is less than five seconds in duration or if
the error rate is greater than 10-3.
4.4.2 ESF Codes
ESF codes are bit-oriented messages sent in the ESF Data Link
and must be sent for a minimum of four consecutive repetitions
(approximately 16ms). The unit will reject the pattern if it is less
than four consecutive repetitions in duration or if the error rate
is greater than 10-3.
Function Code Type
DS1/T1 Activate 11000 Unframed, SF or ESF
(Loop Up) 0001 0010 1111 1111 ESF DATA LINK1
DS1/T1
Di
11100 Unframed, SF or ESF
Deactivate
(Loop Down)
0010 0100 1111 1111
or
0011 1000 1111 1111
ESF DATA LINK1
Addressed LB
Activate
1101 0011 1101 0011
(D3D3)
SF or ESF
Note 1: Right-most bit sent first.
Table 1. Loopback Control Codes
4.5 Addressed Loopback Mode
4.5.1 When installed in SONET/Mux applications, the NIU
can be configured for addressed loopbacks. This allows the craft
to test locations at the service interface (SI) then subsequently
loop the NIU adjacent to the SONET or Mux Interface. The ad-
dressed loopback mode is an option that can be set remotely via
TL1 or 16-bit commands or locally via the craft interface port.
4.5.2 To loop back the unit when it is configured for ad-
dressed loopback operation, the test person first sends the
inband or ESF Data Link Loop-Up command (see Table 1) for
the proper duration. This will serve as an arming code for the
3116-10. When the unit is armed, the LB LED will flash yellow
at approximately 10 times per second.
4.5.3 The test person then sends the 16-bit repeating pattern
1101 0011 1101 0011 for five seconds minimum. Upon receiving
the code, the unit enters loopback and 15 seconds later returns
an acknowledgement of 232 bit errors indicating the NIU is
looped.
5
15
CT1
CR1
7
13
41
47
55
49
CT
CR
FAC
IN
FAC
OUT
CPE
IN
CPE
OUT
T
R
T1
R1
Figure 6. Transmission Path During Loopback Operation
FAC
BRG
TO/FROM
TELCO
FACILITY
CPE
BRG
FAC
LOS DETECTOR
(CPE-to-FAC PATH - Z-A)
LOS DETECTOR
(FAC-to-CPE PATH - A-Z)
AIS
GENERATOR
Note: Switches shown are for illustrative purposes
only - options are provisioned electronically
DIS
EN
FAC-to-CPE
REGEN
TO/FROM
CUSTOMER
INTERFACE
(CPE)
CPE
CONTROL CODE
DETECTORS
X
CPE
Loopback
CPE-to-FAC
REGEN
DIS
EN
Provisionable/
Self-Aligning
LBO
22.5 dB
15 dB
0 dB
7.5 dB
AB15 dB
AB22.5 dB

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
7
0509IBRC
4.6 Manual Loopback
The NIU loopback state can be controlled by pressing the front-
panel MAN LB push button. Depression of the MAN LB push
button will cycle through the loopback states.
If depressed for 3 to 5 seconds, the LB LED will be on solid
(yellow). If released in this interval, the Network Loopback
will be activated.
If depressed for greater than 5 seconds, the LB LED will be-
gin blinking (yellow) at approximately 1 time per second. If
released after 5 seconds, the Dual Loopback will be acti-
vated.
When first depressed, the LB LED will go off and remain
off during the first 3 seconds that the MAN LB is depressed.
If released during this 3 second period, all existing loopback
conditions will be deactivated.
4.7 Loopback Time-out
4.7.1 The 3116-10 provides a selectable loopback time-out
feature that can be configured to release a code-activated loop-
back condition either 20, 60, or 120 minutes or 24 hours after
initial activation.
4.7.2 The loopback condition can be released before the
timeout expiration period by: 1) sending loop-down code to the
NIU from the network test location, 2) through the craft inter-
face port, or 3) by pressing the front-panel MAN LB switch for
less than 3 seconds. Loopback timeout can be permanently dis-
abled via an option provisioned locally from the craft interface
port or remotely from the network test location.
4.8 CPE (Dual) Loopback Activation
4.8.1 To activate CPE loopback, the unit must first be in net-
work-side loopback from the remote test location. At this point,
re-application of loop-up code will operate CPE loopback allow-
ing the customer or craft personnel to evaluate the integrity of
the circuitry on the CPE-side of the demarcation point. The unit
can be placed in CPE loopback via the front-panel MAN LB
push button (see Paragraph 4.6). CPE Loopback can also be ac-
tivated and deactivated from the Circuit Status Menu via the
craft interface port.
4.8.2 When CPE loopback is activated, it will remain acti-
vated until:
1. the NIU detects a loop-down command from the Network-
side,
2. when the timeout release feature expires,
3. when released via the craft interface port, or
4. when the MAN LB switch is pressed.
5. SECTIONALIZATION ALARM FEATURES
The NIU is equipped with features that allow a network moni-
toring location to differentiate between fault conditions that are
beyond the NIU (i.e., CPE or inside wiring) and those that are
legitimate network problems.
5.1 CPE LOS Modes
5.1.1 LB Upon CPE LOS
In this mode, the unit continuously monitors the DS1 signal
from the CPE for customer loss of signal, and upon detecting a
loss will change the CPE LED to red and cause the unit to enter
Loopback toward the network. When the signal from the CPE
is restored the unit will return to normal operation. LB upon
CPE LOS is an option that can be set remotely via TL1 or 16-bit
commands or locally via the craft interface port. When set to en-
ter loopback upon detecting a loss of signal from the CPE, the
NIU will assume the transmission path as shown in Figure 6.
5.1.2 AIS Upon CPE LOS
In this mode, the unit continuously monitors the DS1 signal
from the CPE for customer loss of signal, and upon detecting a
loss will change the CPE LED to red and send an unframed, all-
ones Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) to the network. When the
signal from the CPE is restored the unit will return to normal op-
eration. The AIS upon CPE LOS mode is an option that can be
set remotely via TL1 or 16-bit commands or locally via the craft
interface port.
5.1.3 Idle Code Upon CPE LOS
In this mode, the unit continuously monitors the DS1 signal
from the CPE for customer loss of signal and upon detecting a
loss will change the CPE LED to red and send an Idle code to-
ward the network. When signal from the customer is restored,
the NIU returns to normal operation. The specific format in
which the Idle signal is sent toward the network facility is depen-
dent on the format of the DS1 signal received from the network
facility:
1. If the received signal is SF, the Idle signal will be SF and will
provide a 0001 0111 repeating pattern in each of the 24 DS0
time slots,
2. If the received signal is ESF, the Idle signal will be ESF and
provide a 0001 0111 repeating pattern in each of the 24 DS0
time slots. In addition, the ESF Data Link will contain the
ESF yellow alarm signal 1111 1111 0000 0000, interrupted
each second with a 100ms burst of LAPD idle code 0111
1110,
3. If no signal is received from the network or if the DS1 signal
is unframed, the NIU will default to the SF Idle mode.
The Idle Code upon CPE LOS mode is an option that can be set
remotely or locally via TL1 or 16-bit commands or via the craft
interface port.
5.1.4 AIS-CI Upon CPE LOS
In this mode, the unit continuously monitors the DS1 signal
from the CPE for customer loss of signal, and upon detecting a
loss will change the CPE LED to red and send an AIS-CI pattern
toward the network. When signal from the customer is restored,
the unit returns to normal operation. The AIS-CI upon CPE
LOS mode is an option that can be set remotely via TL1 16-bit
commands or locally via the craft interface port.
5.2 CPE LOS Override
5.2.1 When the NIU detects a loss of signal from the CPE
and if the CPE LOS option is enabled, the NIU will respond in


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
80509IBRC
accordance to the setting of the CPE LOS option. These options
are as follows:
enter loopback upon loss of signal from the CPE
send AIS to the network upon loss of signal
send Idle to the network upon loss of signal
send AIS-CI to the network upon loss of signal
5.2.2 No matter what action the NIU takes upon detecting
a loss of signal from the CPE, that mode can be remotely over-
ridden by sending a loop-down command to the NIU. Hence,
CPE LOS Override.
5.2.3 Upon detecting the loop-down command, the NIU will
disable the CPE LOS function and operate as if the CPE LOS
function is actually set for disable. During this mode, the NIU
will respond to normal loop-up and loop-down commands. The
CPE Override feature will time out in 20 minutes. At the end of
20 minutes, the NIU will re-enable the CPE LOS function and
respond accordingly. That is, if a loss-of-signal condition from
the CPE still exists, the NIU will, again, respond according to
how the CPE LOS option is set (LB/AIS/Idle/AIS-CI).
5.3 RAI-CI and AIS-CI Alarms
In this mode, the unit continuously monitors both the signal
from the customer and from the network facility in order to de-
termine what type of alarm signal to send back toward the
network monitoring location. This capability, along with the
uniquely-identifiable Remote Alarm Indication - Customer In-
terface (RAI-CI) and Alarm Indication Signal - Customer
Interface (AIS-CI) signals, allows test personnel to accurately
sectionalize network facility problems versus CPE problems.
5.3.1 RAI-CI
If the unit sees a Remote Alarm Indication signal coming from
the customer equipment (SF or ESF framed), and does not de-
tect an Alarm Indication Signal (AIS), Loss of Frame (LOF) or
Loss of Signal (LOS) on the network, the unit will send a Remote
Alarm Indication (RAI-CI) toward the network if the network
is ESF.
5.3.2 AIS-CI
5.3.2.1 If the unit sees an Alarm Indication Signal coming
from the customer equipment (AIS), and does not detect a Loss
of Frame (LOF), or Loss of Signal (LOS) on the network, the
unit will send a unique Alarm Indication Signal (AIS-CI) toward
the network.
5.3.2.2 Both AIS-CI and RAI-CI are backwards compatible
with existing network devices and will appear as normal AIS or
RAI.
5.3.2.3 Upon detecting a loss of signal on the network side of
the unit, the unit will send an Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) to-
ward the customer equipment. The customer equipment, in
turn, will send a Remote AIarm Indication (RAI) signal back to-
wards the network.
6. PERFORMANCE MONITORING/REPORTING
The unit continuously monitors the DS1 bit stream in both the
Network-to-CPE (A-Z) and CPE-to-Network (Z-A) direction
for performance statistics, and maintains these statistics inde-
pendently for each direction. Performance primitives are
collected and stored as performance parameters which are avail-
able for remote retrieval or local retrieval via the front-panel
craft terminal interface port.
6.1 Performance Primitives
Performance primitives are basic error events, or other perfor-
mance-related occurrences, monitored by the unit and stored as
performance parameters.
Line Performance Primitives
Bipolar Violation BPV
Excessive Zeros EXZ
Loss of Signal LOS
Path Performance Primitives
CRC Error (ESF) CRC6
Frame Bit Error (SF) FE
Out of Frame OOF
Severely Errored Frame SEF
Alarm Indication Signal AIS
6.2 Performance Parameters
The unit monitors, processes and stores the span’s performance
primitives as Line, Path and Miscellaneous parameters.
Line Performance Parameters
Coding Violation Line CVL
Errored Seconds Line ESL
Severely Errored Seconds Line SESL
Loss of Signal Seconds Line LOSS-L
Path Performance Parameters
Coding Violation Path CVP
Errored Seconds Path ESP
Severely Errored Seconds Path SESP
Unavailable Seconds-Path UASP
Miscellaneous Parameters
Pulse Density Violation Seconds PDV-SEC
B8ZS Violation Seconds B8ZS-SEC
Monitored Seconds MSEC
6.3 Status Register (STAT)
The unit provides a Status Register for both directions of trans-
mission indicating various events that have occurred during a
particular monitoring window. The Status Register consists of
an 8-bit word with a 1" indicating an occurrence of a specific
event.
Event Bit
Loopback 1
Data incomplete 2
Loss of Signal 3
Reserved 4
Power Loss 5
AIS 6
Yellow Alarm (RAI) 7
Out of Frame 8
6.4 Event/Alarm Log
The NIU features an Event/Alarm Log that registers various
events occurring during the monitoring period. The log provides

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
9
0509IBRC
time-stamped entries for the most important types of events
such as loss of signal, power outages, PM registers cleared, alarm
detection, and more. Several different types of events are pos-
sible in the log as listed in the examples of Table 2. The
Event/Alarm Log will retain the 200 most recent events in non-
volatile memory. The Event/Alarm Log can be viewed locally via
the craft port or can be retrieved remotely via TL1 commands.
Message Type Event/Alarm Log Message
SIGNAL STATE LOS FROM CPE
LOS FROM CPE CLEARED
LOS FROM FAC
LOS FROM FAC CLEARED
AIS FROM FAC
AIS FROM FAC CLEARED
AIS FROM CPE
AIS FROM CPE CLEARED
RAI FROM CPE
RAI FROM CPE CLEARED
LOOPBACK REMOTE LOOP UP
ACTIVITIES MANUAL LOOP UP
REMOTE LOOP DOWN
MANUAL LOOP DOWN
TIMEOUT LOOP DOWN
ANY LOOP UP
ANY LOOP DOWN
NIU POWER LOSS OF POWER
STATUS POWER UP
MAINT. RESET RESET PM REGISTERS
ACTIVITIES RESET EVENT/ALARM LOG
CHANGE CIRCUIT ID
PROVISIONING OPTION CHANGE
PROVISIONING SF FRAMING SET
ANOMALIES ESF FRAMING SET
FRAMING LOSS
Table 2. Samples of Event/Alarm Log Messages
6.5 Performance Storage Registers
The unit maintains performance parameters, Status Register
events and PIRs for both directions of transmission in 15 minute,
hourly, and daily registers as shown in Table 3.
15 Minutes 1 Hour 1 Day
Current Current Current
Previous Previous Previous
95 Additional 23 Additional 88 Additional
24 Hours Total 25 Hours Total 90 Days Total
Table 3. PM Data Storage Periods
6.6 Historical Performance Monitoring & Retrieval
Historical (90 day) PM data is provided by the unit. In the idle
or non-looped state, the DS1 bit stream (SF or ESF circuits), in
both directions of transmission, is monitored for performance
statistics. The unit records and time stamps these performance
statistics in non-volatile memory for retrieval at a later time.
These performance statistics can be retrieved on demand from
the NIU in two ways: 1) locally, and on a non-intrusive basis, via
the front-panel craft interface port or 2) remotely, via TL1 com-
mands and responses in the ESF Data Link.
6.7 PM Retrieval, SF/ESF Circuits (Craft Port)
The 3116-10 provides a front-panel RS-232 connector for local
access of performance statistics data without placing the unit
into loopback. See Paragraph 7.1.2 and Figure 11.
6.8 PM Retrieval, SF/ESF Circuits (Intrusive)
6.8.1 To access historical performance information, the test
center (Hi-Cap or CO) first accesses the circuit on a split basis,
and places the NIU in loopback. If the circuit is SF, the test con-
troller must then reconfigure for ESF framing for the duration
of the session to allow commands and responses to be exchanged
with the NIU in the ESF Data Link of the intervening facility.
6.8.2 The procedure for customer ESF circuits is identical to
SF, except the test controller does not need to change the fram-
ing format during the test session.
6.9 PM Retrieval, ESF Circuits (Non-Intrusive)
6.9.1 If the Test Access Device (TAD) being used has the ca-
pability to gain splitting access only to the ESF Data Link,
performance statistics can be retrieved using TL1 commands
without affecting customer payload information. In this mode,
the unit will effectively perform a loopback" of the ESF Data
Link allowing messages to be interchanged with the test control-
ler.
6.9.2 Real-time PM reporting from both the facility and
CPE can be provided using one of two methods, SPRM (Supple-
mental Performance Report Messages) or NPRM (Network
Performance Report Messages). Both methods are similar in
structure but differ in content. Both methods also conform to
ANSI Specifications described in T1.403-1998. These message
formats are similar to ANSI T1.403-like PRMs (Performance
Report Messages) that are sent toward the network at 1-second
intervals via the ESF Data Link. The NPRM or SPRM messages
allow network equipment to determine if the T1 signal was in er-
ror before being sent to the customer. It also indicates if the T1
signal from the CPE contained errors before it enters the net-
work.
6.9.3 The TL1 commands conform to standard commands
such as RTRV-PM, INIT-REG, etc. The protocol is a modified
X.25 LAPB. A generalized diagram of this procedure is shown
in Figure 7.
7. HARDWARE OPTIONS & FEATURES
The 3116-10 contains features and options located on the front
and side (PCB) panels, as described in the paragraphs below.
- NOTE -
Set any/all manual option switches prior to installing the unit.


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
10 0509IBRC
T1
ORB 3116-10
Test Access
Digroup
(Split Access)
TL1 PM Commands/Responses to
Performance Monitoring System
Figure 7. TL1 PM Retrieval Diagram - Intrusive Mode Shown
DCS or other Test
Head Device
Encapsulated
TL1 Messages
in ESF Data
Link
TL1
Command/
Response
TEST
RESOURCES
T1 LINE
RPTR
CSU
T1
OFFICE
RPTR
3116-10 CSU
NPRM PRM
CSU
PRM
NIU
NPRM
MONITOR
NETWORK MONITOR / TEST ACCESS
TL1 Reporting to Performance
Surveillance System
Figure 8. NPRM Application Diagram
T1
LINE RPTR
T1
OFFICE
RPTR
3116-10 CSU
MONITOR
NETWORK MONITOR / TEST ACCESS
TL1 Reporting to Performance
Surveillance System
Figure 9. NPRM Application Diagram - Extended Capabilities
T1
LINE RPTR
NPRM-16 PRM-14
CSU
PRM
NIU
NPRM
RPT
NPRM
ORB
NPRM
NPRM-xx
NPRM-xx
- WARNING -
Before making any connections, verify power is off (including
removing the fuse at the fuse and alarm panel) and that any
and all plug-in units are removed from the shelf. Do not
install plug-in units until all shelf wiring is complete.
7.1 Front Panel Features
The unit contains six LEDs for a quick visual indication to the
status of the circuit, two bantam-type bridging jacks for trans-
mission path testing, a DB-9 connector with a female RS-232
interface for craft terminal access, and test points for measuring
span current. A description of each is provided below.
7.1.1 Bridging Bantam Jacks
The 3116-10 contains two bantam jacks which bridge the T1 sig-
nal. These jacks are labelled FAC BRG and CPE BRG, as shown
in Figure 10.
FAC BRG Allows bridging of the T1 signal being received
from the network
CPE BRG Allows bridging of the T1 signal being sent to the
network

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
11
0509IBRC
Figure 10. 3116-10 Front Panel
B90-311610
125641
NIU-PM
PWR
ESF
FAC
CPE
LB
C
P
E
B
R
G
TP1
TP2
MAN
LB
B8ZS
F
A
C
B
R
G
CAUTION
When disconnecting test equipment from the bantam jacks or the Craft Interface port,
apply pressure on the unit front panel to hold the unit in the assembly. Failure to do so
may cause the unit to be removed from service while disconnecting test equipment.
Pin 3 - RxD (Receive Data-IN)
Pin 2 - TxD (Transmit Data-OUT)
Figure 11. Front Panel RS-232 (DB-9) Pin Assignments
Pin 5 - SGN (Signal Ground)
7.1.2 RS-232 DB-9 Connector
The 3116-10 contains a front panel, 9-pin, female, RS-232 DB-9
hardware connector which allows access to stored performance
data for retrieval purposes, and allows maintenance, circuit
troubleshooting and set up procedures.
7.1.3 Push Button Switch, MAN LB
The NIU loopback state can be controlled by pressing the front-
panel MAN LB push button. Depression of the MAN LB push
button will cycle through the loopback states.
When first depressed, the LB LED will go off and remain
off during the first 3 seconds that the MAN LB is depressed.
If released during this 3 second period, all existing loopback
conditions will be deactivated.
If depressed for 3 to 5 seconds, the LB LED will be on solid
(yellow). If released in this interval, the Network Loopback
will be activated.
If depressed for greater than 5 seconds, the LB LED will be-
gin flashing (yellow). If released after 5 seconds, the Dual
Loopback will be activated.
7.1.4 Test Points
The 3116-10 contains two test point jacks for measuring the span
current.
TP1 & TP2 Allows for measuring span current using a DC
voltmeter. TP1 will read positive with respect to
TP2. A voltmeter reading of 0.6VDC equates to
a 60mA span.
7.1.5 Status LEDs
The multi-function status LEDs on the front panel provide a
visual indication of various maintenance and alarm conditions.
The LED colors, states, and conditions are listed in Table 4.
LED‘
LED
Color
LED
State STATUS LED Description
PWR Green On Power is applied and present to the unit.
Off Power not applied.
LB
Yll
On Unit is in Loopback.
Yellow Flashing Unit is armed and ready to detect the addressable
LB code.
Blinking* Unit is in dual loopback.
Off Unit is not in any loopback condition.
FAC Green On Signal is detected from the network.
Red On Signal from the network to the unit is lost.
CPE Green On Signal is detected from the customer.
Red On Signal from the customer is lost.
ESF Green On Unit has detected ESF framing from the network.
Off Unit is detecting SF/unframed signals from the
network.
B8ZS Green On Unit is configured for B8ZS line coding.
Off Unit is configured for AMI line coding.
*The on/off cycle of a flashing LED is faster than a blinking LED.
Table 4. Front Panel LED Conditions and States
7.2 PCB Power Options (Side Panel)
The unit has a powering option capability (pin headers on the
PCB, making connection via a push-on pin jumper) to configure
the unit for the proper powering operation. A jumper is pro-
vided to allow the installer to select either Span or Local
powering. If Span power is desired, mount the jumper over the
left two rows of pins on header P201. If Local power is desired,
mount the jumper over the right two columns of pins on header
P201.
8. INSTALLATION
Installation consists of inspecting the equipment for damages,
following proper safety precautions, mounting the unit in the
proper slot of the mounting, and verifying the presence of power
and signalling as indicated by the status LEDs. The following


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
12 0509IBRC
SPAN LOC
Top Edge of PCB
Edge Connector (56-pin) of PCB
Figure 12. NIU Powering Option Location
Middle of Side-panel’s
Printed Circuit Board
Gray/shaded rectangle is
the pin jumper.
P201
paragraphs provide detailed instructions for performing these
steps.
- INSPECTION NOTE -
Visually inspect the unit for damages prior to installation. If the
equipment was damaged in transit, immediately report the dam-
age to the transportation company and to Westell (see Part 11).
8.1 Following Safety Precautions
Before installing the NIU, observe the following safety notes.
CAUTION
Risk of electric shock. Voltages up to 140 VDC (with reference to
ground) may be present on telecommunications circuits.
CAUTION - STATIC-SENSITIVE
This product contains static-sensitive components! Follow
proper electrostatic discharge procedures to maintain
personal and equipment safety. Do not store units near
magnetic, electromagnetic or electrostatic fields. Always
store or ship units in the original static-protective packaging
from Westell. Use anti-static mats when working on units.
- PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT -
- Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm.
- Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is
specifically designed for wet locations.
- Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless
the phone line has been disconnected at the network interface.
- Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines.
- This equipment is intended to be used behind devices that
provide primary lightning protection.
- This installation should conform to Local Codes and NEC
requirements.
- This equipment is to be installed in a restricted access location.
- CAUTION -
Never apply power until all installer connections are made.
NIU’s
DB-9
Connector
Baud rate: 9600
Number of data bits: 8
# of start/stop bits: 1
Parity: none
Local Echo: No/Off
Warning Bell: On
Mode: VT100
Auto Line Wrap: No/Off
Standard
RS-232
Cable
(used with
PC with
VT100
emulator).
Terminal
Settings:
Figure 13. Preparing for Provisioning Via DB-9 Port
200 MECHANICS or
400-type mounting
assembly
8.2 Mounting the Module
The 3116-10 is a 200 MECHANICS-type plug-in module that
mounts in a 200- or 400-mechanics-type mounting assembly (or
equivalent mounting which matches the pin-out plan of the
module). Before installing the module, set any options in the de-
sired position(s). Align the module with the mounting or
assembly card guides above and below the unit and insert as far
as it will go into the slot connector.
- CAUTION -
Use care when installing and removing modules - do not force
into place. If a module resists insertion, remove it and check
for obstructions in/near the connectors and mounting slots,
then carefully re-align and gently re-insert the module.
Function Designation Pin Number
FAC IN T 7
R 13
CPE OUT CT1 5
CR1 15
CPE IN CT 55
CR 49
FAC OUT T1 41
R1 47
LOCAL POWER -Local Power 35
Ground 17
Frame Ground FRM GND 27
Table 5. 3116-10 Pin Designations
8.3 Making Installer Connections
No installer connections are required other than inserting the
module into the card-edge connector in the shelf or assembly.
The unit makes electrical connections to external equipment
when installed and properly seated in the 56-pin card-edge con-

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
13
0509IBRC
Figure 14. A Directory Tree/Path of Software Menus Accessed Via the Craft Interface & VT100 Terminal
Main
Menu
Alarm
Thresholds
Provisioning Circuit Status
(& Loopbacks)
Performance
Statistics Set Clock
Main Menu Screen
on VT100 Terminal
Level 2 -
Level 1 -
Event/Alarm
Log Reports NotePad
Event/Alarm
Log Report
Provisioning
Report
Current PM
Report
Full PM
Report
Delete Record
15 MinuteCurrent Hourly Daily
Add Record
See Figure 15 through Figure 27
for sample menu screens.
Help
Change Circuit ID
Change Options
Test Mode
Provisioning
Submenus
Figure 15. Main Menu Screen
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
MAIN MENU
PROACT
T1 PERFORMANCE MONITORING NIU
WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
AURORA, IL.
1-800-323-6883
SELECTIONS
O) PROVISIONING
P) PERFORMANCE STATISTICS
S) CIRCUIT STATUS
L) EVENT/ALARM LOG
C) SET CLOCK
T) ALARM THRESHOLDS
R) REPORTS
N) NOTEPAD
?) HELP
Enter letter of selection
nector in the mounting assembly. The pin-outs used by the NIU
are listed in Table 5.
9. SET-UP AND OPERATION
9.1 Craft Terminal Setup and Operation
9.1.1 The front-panel craft interface port allows the craft to
configure the unit for a particular application, view the stored T1
performance statistics, as well as graphically view circuit status
and perform various test routines. Each menu provides an asso-
ciated HELP screen that explains the function and use of the
menu. HELP screens are accessed by pressing (?).
9.1.2 The craft interface port is a DB-9 connector with an
electrical RS-232 female interface in a DCE configuration. The
craft device can be a terminal operating in the VT-100 protocol
or a PC running a VT-100 terminal emulator program. If a
VT-100 terminal is used a null-modem" cable may be required
between the terminal and the NIU. If a PC with VT-100 emula-
tor program is used, a standard RS-232 cable can be used. The
RS-232 port should be set up for 9600 baud, no parity, and one
stop bit (NP,1S). The electrical connections to the craft port are
shown in Figure 11.
9.2 Menus and Screens
9.2.1 MAIN Menu Screen
Once the terminal or PC is connected to the craft interface port,
the MAIN menu should appear. The MAIN menu provides the
NIU model number, CLEI code, Technical Service contact tele-
phone number, as well as navigation buttons to other screens.


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
14 0509IBRC
Figure 16. Set Clock Menu Screen (Typical)
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
SET CLOCK
Current Time
08/28/2003 11:50:23
New Time
08/25/2003 09:50:00
Use <tab> to select field, <return> to save, or <Esc> to return to main menu
Figure 17. Provisioning Menu Screen
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
PROVISIONING MENU
Option Current New
>Monitored Line Coding: B8ZS AMI
Monitored Framing: ESF
CPE LOS Response: AIS
RAI-CI Option: DISABLED
Framing Conversion: DISABLED
Real Time PM mode NONE
CPE-to-FAC Regen: DISABLED
CPE-to-FAC LBO: DISABLED
FAC-to-CPE Regen: DISABLED
Loopback Timeout: 120 MINUTE
Loopback Mode NORMAL
Circuit ID: <UNASSIGNED>
SELECTIONS
S) Save D) Set to default settings
Use <tab> to select option, <space> to change, or Esc to return to main menu
The Model Number and CLEI Code are set at the factory and
cannot be changed. The MAIN menu is illustrated in Figure 15.
To return to the MAIN menu screen from any other screen enter
<Esc>.
9.2.2 SET CLOCK Menu Screen
9.2.2.1 The SET CLOCK screen, Figure 16, is used to set the
unit’s internal clock. To reach this screen from the MAIN menu,
type <C>. The unit is shipped from the factory with its clock set
to Central Standard Time.
9.2.2.2 To set the date or time, use the <tab> to select the
field, then type the new parameter in the highlighted box. To
save the changes, press <Enter>.
9.2.2.3 To return to the MAIN menu from this screen, press
the <Esc> key. The clock can be remotely set via TL1 com-
mands, using the SET-DAT command.
9.2.3 PROVISIONING Menu Screen
The PROVISIONING screen (Figure 17) is used to configure
the unit’s options. To reach this screen from the MAIN menu,
type <O>. The NIU is set from the factory to a standard config-
uration. All options in the menu can be set and queried
remotely. For each option, the display shows the CURRENT"
configuration as well as a NEW" field that shows what the op-
tion can be changed to. Use <tab> or the arrow keys to advance
to an option field. Use the <space> bar to change the available
options under the NEW" field.
9.2.3.1 Saving The Changed Options
After configuring the options, press <S> to save the new set-
tings. Note: If you enter <Esc> without saving, the system will give
a message asking if you want to save the new settings.
- WARNING -
Always save changes before disconnecting to activate the changes. If
the craft terminal is disconnected without saving the changes, the
changes will be lost (unit does not save changes automatically).

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
15
0509IBRC
Field/Option Parameter Default* Description
Monitored Line Coding AMI Configures unit for AMI line coding.
g
B8ZS Configures unit for B8ZS line coding.
Monitored Framing SF Monitors SF parameters for PM.
g
ESF Monitors ESF parameters for PM.
CPE LOS Response None No response to customer LOS.
p
LB Enters loopback toward Network upon detecting a Customer LOS.
Idle Send Idle toward Network upon detecting a customer LOS.
AIS Send AIS toward Network upon detecting a Customer LOS.
AIS-CI Send AIS-CI toward Network upon detecting a Customer LOS.
RAI-CI Option Enabled Converts customer RAI to RAI-CI if also receiving a valid network signal.
p
Disabled RAI from CPE is always passed unchanged.
Framing Conversion Enabled Enables Fram Conversion.
g
Disabled Disabled Frame Conversion.
Real-Time Mode None Disables real-time reporting.
NPRM Configures the unit to send NPRM messages.
SPRM Configures the unit to send SPRM messages.
CPE-to-FAC REGEN Disabled No regeneration in the CPE-to-FAC (Z-A, XMT) path.
Enabled Regeneration in the CPE-to-FAC path.
CPE-to-FAC LBO Disabled Select this option to disable the CPE-to-FAC LBO.
7.5 dB Select this option to select 7.5 dB of LBO.
15 dB Select this option to select 15 dB of LBO.
22.5 dB Select this option select 22.5 dB of LBO.
AB15 dB Select this option if the Auto Binder level of the cable is 15 dB.
AB22.5 dB Select this option if the Auto Binder level of the cable is 22.5 dB.
FAC-to-CPE REGEN Disabled No regeneration in the FAC-to-CPE (A-Z, RCV) path.
Enabled Regeneration in the FAC-to-CPE path.
Loopback Time-out Disabled Loopback will not time-out.
p
20 Minute Loopback will automatically time-out 20 minutes after initial activation.
60 Minute Loopback will automatically time-out 60 minutes after initial activation.
120 Minute Loopback will automatically time-out 120 minutes after initial activation.
24 Hour Loopback will automatically time-out 24 hours after initial activation.
Loopback Mode Normal Unit loops up to normal inband/Data Link loopback codes.
p
Addressed Unit loops up to unique 16-bit addressed loopback code.
Circuit ID <user defined> This field can be up to 20 alphanumeric characters (user defined).
Table 6. Options and Parameters
9.2.4 PERFORMANCE STATISTICS Menu Screens
The Performance Statistics screens are used to view the stored
T1 performance statistics. To reach this screen from the MAIN
menu, type <P>. The example screen below (Figure 18), shows
various performance parameters for both the NET-to-CPE (A
to Z) and CPE-to-NET (Z to A) directions as well as a status reg-
ister describing abnormal circuit conditions during the period.
By using the selection keys at the bottom of the screen, all His-
torical time registers can be examined. Type the appropriate
command to view the 15-minute, Hourly, and Daily screens or
the <N> for Next and <P> for Previous page commands. The
parameters on these screens are automatically updated at 5-sec-
ond intervals. To return to the MAIN menu from this screen,
press the <Esc> key.
9.2.4.1 Updates
To stop the automatic updating, type <U>. To resume automat-
ic updating, type <U> again.
9.2.4.2 Clearing Status Registers
To clear all stored historical data, type <C>. The system will
give a confirmation message prompting if all data is to be
cleared. Type <Y> for Yes or <N> for No.
- WARNING -
The clear command <C> affects all performance monitoring
screens. The clear command will clear all data screens regardless of
the activating time interval screen.
9.2.5 Event/Alarm Log Screen
9.2.5.1 The Event/Alarm Log screen is used to view various
events that occurred on the span during the monitoring period.
The log provides time-stamped entries for the most important
types of events such as alarm signal detection, loopback, PM
Registers cleared, Event/Alarm Log cleared, Clock setting, loss
of signal, power outages, and more. The Event/Alarm Log will
retain the 200 most recent events in non-volatile memory. The
Event/Alarm Log can be viewed locally via the craft interface
port. An example of a typical Event/Alarm Log screen is shown


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
16 0509IBRC
Figure 18. 15-Minute PM Status Screen (Typical)
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
02/28/2003 09:02:48
15 MINUTE PM STATISTICS
(CURRENT)
FAC-to-CPE CPE to FAC Date: 02/28/2003
CV-L 0 0 Time: 08:00:00
ES-L 0 0
SES-L 0 0 Stat Register Key
LOSS-L 0 99 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1 Loopback
CV-P 0 0 2 Data Incomplete
ES-P 0 0 3 Loss of Signal
SES-P 0 0 4 Unused
UAS-P 0 99 5 Power Loss
6 AIS
PDV-SEC 102 2 7 Yellow Alarm
B8ZS_SEC 0 0 8 Out of Frame
MSEC 102 102
STAT .2..5.78 .2..5678
SELECTIONS
Q) 15 Minute H) Hourly D) Daily N) Next P) Previous
U) Disable auto updating C) Clear stored data
Enter selection or <Esc> to go back to main menu
Figure 19. Event/Alarm Log Screen (Typical - Sample Only)
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
EVENT/ALARM LOG
No. Date Time Event (1 - 15 of 200)
1 2/28/00 13 : 00 : 00 MANUAL LOOP DOWN
2 2/28/00 12 : 50 : 00 MANUAL LOOP UP
3 2/28/00 12 : 60 : 15 REMOTE LOOP DOWN
4 2/28/00 12 : 05 : 00 REMOTE LOOP UP
5 2/28/00 12 : 02 : 30 MANUAL LOOP UP
6 2/28/00 12 : 02 : 00 CHANGED CPE REGEN OPTION
7 2/28/00 12 : 01 : 20 MANUAL LOOP DOWN
8 2/28/00 12 : 00 : 30 CHANGED FAC REGEN OPTION
9 2/28/00 11 : 02 : 50 CHANGED FAC REGEN OPTION
10 2/28/00 11 : 02 : 00 MANUAL LOOP UP
11 2/28/00 11 : 00 : 00 AIS FROM CPE CLEARED
12 2/28/00 10 : 02 : 15 AIS FROM CPE
13 2/28/00 10 : 02 : 00 LOS FROM CPE CLEARED
14 2/28/00 10 : 00 : 05 LOS FROM CPE
15 2/28/00 10 : 00 : 00 POWER UP
SELECTIONS
N) Next page P) Previous page C) Clear log ?) Help
Enter selection or <Esc> to go back to main menu

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
17
0509IBRC
Westell B90-311610 CIRCUIT STATUS CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
LVL: -13.0dBdsx LVL: -13.8dBdsx
FRMG: SF FRMG: SF
SIG: OK SIG: OK
TO FAC TO CPE
7.5dB LBO
LVL: -12dBdsx LVL: -4.0dBdsx
FRMG: SF FRMG: SF
SIG: OK Normal Operation SIG: OK
SELECTIONS
^U) Operate Single Loopback
T) Provision Test Mode
^T) Operate Test Mode
Enter selection or <Esc> to go back to main menu
Figure 20. Typical Circuit Status Screen - Normal Operation
Figure 21. Typical Circuit Status Screen - Facility Loopback
X
X
Westell B90-311610 CIRCUIT STATUS CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
LVL: -13.0dBdsx LVL: 0.0dBdsx
FRMG: SF FRMG: UNF/UNK
SIG: OK SIG: AIS
TO FAC AIS TO CPE
REGEN
LVL: -0.0dBdsx LVL: -4.0dBdsx
FRMG: SF Facility Loopback FRMG:
SIG: OK SIG:
SELECTIONS
^U) operate dual loopback
^D) deactivate loopback
^T) provision test mode
Enter selection or <Esc> to go back to main menu
in Figure 19. The Event/Alarm Log can also be retrieved re-
motely via TL1 commands.
9.2.5.2 To gain access to the Event/Alarm Log screen, type
<L> while in the Main Menu. The Event/Alarm Log appears.
To advance through the log, type <N> (next page), or <P>
(previous page), or <Esc>(to return to the MAIN Menu).
9.2.5.3 To clear all stored data in the Event/Alarm Log, type
<C>. The system will give a confirmation message prompting
if all data is to be cleared. Type <Y> for Yes or <N> for No.
9.2.6 CIRCUIT STATUS Menu Screen
9.2.6.1 The Circuit Status screen is used to view the NIU cir-
cuit status, as well as perform various test routines such as
loopback. To reach this screen from the MAIN menu, type <S>.
The Circuit Status screen (Figure 20) provides a graphical depic-
tion of the NIU and its T1 facility and customer interface ports.
9.2.6.2 For each port, the screen shows:
1. Level (LVL) of the signal in dB. Possible values in this field
are:
0 0dB level detected
-1 -1dB level detected
-2 -2dB level detected  up to
-30 -30dB level detected
LOW Too low to measure (< -30dB)
2. Framing (FRMG) that is present at the port.
Possible values in this field are:
SF SF framing present
ESF ESF framing present
UNF unframed
UNK unknown
3. Signal (SIG) status at the port.
Possible values here are:
OK Normal signal condition


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
18 0509IBRC
Figure 22. Typical Circuit Status Screen - Dual Loopback
Westell B90-311610 CIRCUIT STATUS CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
LVL: -13.0dBdsx LVL: 0.0dBdsx
FRMG: SF FRMG:
SIG: OK SIG:
TO FAC TO CPE
REGEN
LVL: -0.0dBdsx LVL: 0.0dBdsx
FRMG: SF Dual Loopback FRMG:
SIG: OK SIG:
SELECTIONS
^D) deactivate loopback
Enter selection or <Esc> to go back to main menu
Figure 23. Typical Circuit Status Screen - Facility Loopback with FAC-to-CPE REGEN Enabled
Westell B90-311610 CIRCUIT STATUS CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
LVL: -0.5dBdsx LVL: 0.0dBdsx
FRMG: SF FRMG: UNF/UNK
SIG: OK SIG: AIS
REGEN
TO FAC AIS TO CPE
LVL: -0.5dBdsx Facility Loopback LVL: -8.0dBdsx
FRMG: SF FRMG:
SIG: OK SIG:
SELECTIONS
^U) operate dual loopback
^D) deactivate loopback
^T) provision test mode
Enter selection or <Esc> to go back to main menu
X
X
LOS Loss Of Signal
AIS Alarm Indication Signal (all ones)
RAI Remote Alarm Indication (yellow alarm)
Idle Customer Disconnect Indication signal
RAI-CI Remote Alarm Indication - Customer Interface
AIS-CI Alarm Indication Signal - Customer Interface
9.2.6.3 The Circuit Status screen also shows a graphical repre-
sentation of the internal transmission paths of the NIU, with the
specific regeneration or LBO parameters that have been provi-
sioned. When different parameters are provisioned, remotely or
via the provisioning menu, they will be reflected here.
9.2.6.4 By using the <Ctrl> <U> keys simultaneously, the
NIU can be placed into Network loopback. See Figure 21. Using
the <Ctrl> <U> keys simultaneously a second time, the NIU
can be placed into both Network-side and CPE-side (dual) loop-
back. See Figure 22. The graphical representation will change
appropriately to show the loopback state as well as the configu-
ration of transmission parameters and options in the loopback
path. Figure 23 shows the NIU in a single loopback mode when
FAC-to-CPE Regeneration is Enabled.
9.2.6.5 Finally, using the <Ctrl> <D> keys simultaneously,
will cause the NIU to deactivate loopback and return the circuit
to normal operation. Also, the Loopback Timeout circuit will
also reset to the pre-selected setting.
9.2.7 TEST MODE PROVISIONING Menu Screen
The TEST MODE PROVISIONING screen (Figure 24) is used
to configure the unit’s options for the test mode. To reach this
screen from the MAIN menu, type <S> to get into the STATUS
Screen and then type <T>. For each option, the display shows
the CURRENT" configuration as well as a NEW" field that
shows what the option can be changed to. Use <tab> or the ar-
row keys to advance to an option field. Use the <space> bar to
change the available options under the NEW" field.

Section 311-610-20B
030-101522 Rev. C
19
0509IBRC
Figure 24. Test Mode Provisioning Menu Screen
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
TEST MODE PROVISIONING MENU
Option Current New
>Test Pattern: 1:7 1:1
Framing for Pattern SF
Test Pattern to CPE ENABLED
Test Pattern to NET: DISABLED
User Pattern: 10111110
SELECTIONS
S) Save D) Set to default settings
Use <tab> to select option, <space> to change, or Esc to return to main menu
Figure 25. NOTE PAD Screen
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
NOTE PAD
No. Date Time Notes
1 06/05/03 14:51:17 NIU PUT INTO SERVICE
2 06/05/03 14:51:53 PM DATA CLEARED
SELECTIONS
A) Add record D) Delete record E) Edit record
Enter selection or ESC to go back to previous menu
Field Parameter Default
TEST PATTERN 1:1
1:7 
ALL ONES
USER (4-16 BITS)
FRAMING FOR PATTERN UNFRAMED
SF
ESF 
TEST PATTERN TO CPE ENABLED 
DISABLED
TEST PATTERN TO NET ENABLED
DISABLED 
Table 7. 3116-10 Test Mode Parameters
9.2.7.1 Saving The Changed Options
After configuring the options, press <S> to save the new set-
tings. Note: If you enter <Esc> without saving, the system will give
a message asking if you want to save the new settings.
- WARNING -
If the craft terminal is disconnected without saving the changes, the
changes will be lost (unit does not save changes automatically).
9.2.7.2 The test mode is activated while in the STATUS screen
by using the <Ctrl><T> keys simultaneously. Additional ap-
plications of <Ctrl><T> will toggle the state of the test mode.
9.2.8 NOTE PAD Screen
The Note Pad screen provides a means for Craft personnel to log
notes about the circuit. See Figure 25. Each entry is date and
time stamped for future reference. Up to 15 notes can be en-
tered, with each note limited to 50 characters. Add, delete, and
edit selections allow the user to manage entries.
9.2.9 ALARM THRESHOLDS Screen
The ALARM THRESHOLDS screen allows the user to set vari-
ous performance monitoring thresholds for the different
parameters, illustrated above in Figure 26. An event will be re-
corded in the Event/Alarm log when any parameter threshold is
exceeded. A threshold setting of 0" will disable it.
9.2.10 REPORTS screen
The CRAFT port provides a means for downloading various re-
ports to a PC running HyperTerminal software. The menu
option for performing this function will be labeled RE-
PORTS", and will appear as part of the MAIN menu. Once


Section 311-610-20B 030-101522 Rev. C
20 0509IBRC
Figure 26. ALARM THRESHOLDS Screen
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
ALARM THRESHOLDS
PARAMETER 15-MINUTE 1−DAY
>>CV-L 387 0 3865
ES-L 25 250
SES-L 4 40
CVP-P 382 3820
ESP-P 25 250
SESP-P 4 40
UASP-P 10 10
SELECTIONS
S) SAVE D) SET DEFAULT THRESHOLDS X) DISABLE All THRESHOLDS
NOTE: Setting a threshold to a value of 0 will disable it
Enter selection or ESC to go back to previous menu
Figure 27. REPORTS Screen
Westell B90-311610 CLEI: T1L8AC0AAA
REPORTS MENU
1) Information Report
2) Event Log Report
3) Current PM Report
4) Full PM Report
?) Help
Details on saving a report to file are available
on the help screen by pressing the ?" key.
Enter selection or ESC to go back to previous menu
selected, the REPORTS" screen, Figure 27, will allow the user
to select from one of four options, labeled as follows:
1. Information Report - Provides all provisioning (including
Alarm Threshold) information about the unit.
2. Event Log Report - Provides all provisioning information
and a complete listing of all stored Event/Alarm Log
events.
3. Current PM Report - Provides all provisioning information,
and detailed PM information for the current 15-minute,
current hour and current day.
4. Full PM Report - Provides all provisioning information, and
a complete listing of all PM information stored in the unit.
Reports Screen Download Procedure
1. Select Transfer," Capture Text" from the Hyper Terminal
drop down menu.
2. Enter a file name then select Start."
3. Select a report number 1," 2," 3," or 4" to capture data
from the SEND DATA TO LOG FILE" menu.
4. After download is complete, select Transfer," Capture
Text," and Stop" from HyperTerminal.
9.3 Remote Provisioning and Query via TL1
The NIU is capable of being provisioned and queried via TL1
commands. These TL1 commands and responses are trans-
ported via the Facility Data Link and do not require that the unit