Xantrex Link 10 User manual

Owner's Manual
Link 10
Xantrex
Link 10
Battery Monitor
i4.25
Xantrex Technology Inc.
Toll free 1 800 670 0707
Direct 1 360 925 5097
Fax [phone]
customers[email protected]
www.xantrex.com
445-0195-01-011 rinted in China

2
Xantrex Link 10 Battery Monitor © November 2003 Xantrex
International. All rights reserved.
Xantrex is a registered trademark of Xantrex International.
© 2003 Xantrex International. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
UNLESS S ECIFICALLY AGREED TO IN WRITING, XANTREX
TECHNOLOGY INC. (“XANTREX”)
(a) MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE ACCURACY,
SUFFICIENCY OR SUITABILITY OF ANY TECHNICAL OR
OTHER INFORMATION ROVIDED IN ITS MANUALS OR
OTHER DOCUMENTATION.
(b) ASSUMES NO RES ONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR LOSS
OR DAMAGE, WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL, WHICH MIGHT ARISE
OUT OF THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION. THE USE OF ANY
SUCH INFORMATION WILL BE ENTIRELY AT THE USER’S
RISK.
Date and Revision November 2003, Revision A
Part Number 445-0195-01-01
Contact Information
Web: www.xantrex.com
Email: customers[email protected]
hone: 1 800 670 0707 (toll free in North America)
1 360 925 5097 (direct)
Fax: [phone]
Notice of Copyright
59
Specifications
Voltage:For 12 V–24 V systems. Optional Prescalers extend voltage range.
Standard Model: Two Auto-ranges: 0 to 19.95 V (0.05 V resolution)
20.0 to 50.0 V (0.1 V resolution)
Optional Prescalers: 0–100 V, 0–500 V (Used with standard model)
Amperage:
ow Range: + 0–40.0 amps (0.1 amp resolution)
High Range: + 500 amps (1 amp resolution)
Amp-hours:
ow Range: +0–199.9 amp hours (0.1 amp hour resolution)
High Range: + 200–1999 amp hours (1 amp hour resolution)
Time Remaining:
ow Range: 0 to 199.9 hours (0.1 hour resolution)
High Range: 0 to 255 hours (1.0 hour resolution)
Power Requirements:
9.5–40 volts DC
Current: 50–150 mA (Depends on ambient light. Display auto dims.)
28 mA (Sleep Mode—Bar Graph Display Only)
Shunt type required: 50 mV @ 500 amp
Accuracy:
Voltage: + (0.6% of reading + 1 least count of resolution)
Amperage: + (0.8% of reading + 1 least count of resolution)
Amp hours: Ah Error ~ (Time of measurement x current error)
Physical:
Max. Outer Bezel Diameter: 2.5'' (63.5 mm)
Max. Barrel diameter: 1.95" (50 mm)
Max. Depth: (from back of bezel) 3.15'' (80 mm)
Hole Cutout Size: Use 2" or 2 1/16" hole saw (52 mm)
Water Resistance: Splashproof front panel.
Weight: 8 Ounces (227 g)
V
t
A
Ah

3
Table of Contents
Quick Reference Guide..................................................................................................5–6
Introduction.........................................................................................................................7
Battery Basics.....................................................................................................................8
Installation......................................................................................................................9–15
Startup................................................................................................................................16
Synchronizing the ink 10................................................................................................17
Operation......................................................................................................................18–24
Setting Battery Capacity....................................................................................................21
Temperature Sensor (optional)...........................................................................................25
Setting Peukert's Exponent...............................................................................................26
ow Battery Alarm.................................................................................................27, 35–38
Reset and ock...................................................................................................................28
Historical Data...................................................................................................................29
Advanced Functions.....................................................................................................30–34
Peukert’s Equation.......................................................................................................39–42
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................43
Options and Versions.........................................................................................................44
High Voltage Prescaler (optional)......................................................................................45
Electric Vehicles...........................................................................................................46–47
ift Truck Installations......................................................................................................48
Serial Port, RS-232 (optional)............................................................................................49
High Voltage Notes............................................................................................................50
CE Declaration of Conformity..........................................................................................51
imited Warranty..........................................................................................................52–54
Index...................................................................................................................................58
Specifications.....................................................................................................................59
DO NOT INSTALL OR USE THIS RODUCT UNTIL YOU HAVE READ THE ENTIRE
OWNER’S MANUAL. IM RO ER INSTALLATION OF THIS UNIT MAY BE HAZARD-
OUS AND VOIDS YOUR WARRANTY.
58
Index
Advanced Functions, 30–34
Battery Basics, 8
CE Declaration of Conformity, 51
Charge Efficiency Factor, 23
Charged arameters, 22–23
High Voltage Notes, 50
Historical Data, 29
Installation (General), 9–15
Introduction, 7
Low Battery Alarm, 27, 35–38
Low Voltage, 27
Meter Wiring Detail, 14
Mounting, 10
Operation (Basic), 18–24
Options and Versions, 44
eukert’s Equation, 26, 39–42
rescaler (optional), 45
Quick Reference Guide, 5–6
Reading the Bar Graph, 19
Removing, 11
Reset and Lock, 28
Serial ort, RS-232 (optional), 49
Setting Battery Capacity, 21
Setting eukert's Exponent, 26
Setting Up t , 24
Shunt & Battery Wires, 13
Specifications, 59
Startup, 16
Synchronizing the Link 10, 17
Temperature Sensor (optional), 25
Troubleshooting, 43
Using the Buttons, 20
Warranty Support, 52
Wire by Wire Check, 15
Wiring Overview, 12

4
Top Rear View of Meter
-DC Meter Negative (BLACK) [1]
Shunt Sense Lead Load Side (GREEN) [2]
Shunt Sense Lead Battery Side (ORANGE) [3]
Battery Volt Sense (0–50 V DC1) (BLUE) [4]
+DC Meter ower (9.5–40 V DC) (RED) [5]
Optional Temperature Sensor Input [6]
Optional Low Battery Alarm [7]
Optional Temperature Sensor Ground [8]
SYSTEM POSITIVE
SYSTEM NEGATIVE
1234
1234
1234
1234
Twisted pair wire is used for shunt
sensing leads for noise immunity.
Battery Compartment
+
-
2 amp
Fuses
The Xantrex ink 10
works with flooded or
gel lead-acid batteries
Basic Wiring Diagram
The 500 A 50 mV
shunt senses current
in or out of your
battery.
Meter Location
+-
57
Software Addendum
Software Enhancement
This version of the Link 10 includes special software.
F18 - SMA BATTERY SENSING
DEFAU T: OFF Range: OFF, ON
When this function is OFF, the meter operates as described elsewhere
in this manual. When this function is ON, the amp-hour capacity range
allows capacities as low as 2 amp-hours to be declared. When ON,
capacity may be set from 2–200 amp hours, and small capacity
increments are allowed as follows:
From 2–40 amp hours, 1 amp-hour capacity increments are permitted.
Above 40 (to 198 amp hours), 2 amp-hour capacity increments are
permitted.

5
uick Referenceuick Reference
uick Referenceuick Reference
uick Reference
Full
80–99%+
60–79%+
40–59%+
20–39%+
0–19%+
EMPTY
FULL
The Light Bar
The light bar shows state-of-charge at a glance.
Here's what the lights mean:
When you press the button, you
SELect a numeric display. In normal
operation, each press illuminates a sta-
tus light. The light indicates volts are
being displayed, the light indicates
amps, indicates amp hours, and
indicates time. We’ll explain these terms
on the next page.
The Button
For shortest charging times,
lead acid battery in marine or
RV service is normally dis-
charged 50% then recharged
to 85–90% of full. Restoring
the last 10–15% of a full charge
requires a long time—typically
2–3 hours. This means only
35–40% of your battery ca-
pacity is actually available
for normal use. Occasionally
discharging a battery more
deeply is perfectly acceptable.
Status Lights
Shows what number is
being displayed
56
Software History
Software Enhancement Rev. E 1.5
The Link 10 now includes the following additional functions:
F02 - ENHANCED S EEP MODES
DEFAU T: ON Range: ON, OFF, AUTOMATIC
When the Sleep Mode is ON, the Link 10's numeric display turns off
after 10 minutes in order to reduce power consumption. ressing either
SET or SEL buttons returns the numeric display to operation.
When the Sleep Mode is OFF, the numeric display stays on at all times.
In the AUTOMATIC sleep mode (displayed as AUt ), the numerics are
on whenever charging or discharging exceeds 1 amp. When the rate of
charge or discharge remains less than 1 amp for 10 minutes, the numeric
display is turned off to conserve power. When asleep, pressing either
SET or SEL reactivates the numeric display. The numeric display
automatically wakes up when the rate of charge or discharge exceeds
1 amp. The Automatic Sleep Mode is ideal for electric vehicles.
TIME REMAINING DISP AY
DEFAU T: 001 Range: 000 , 001 , 002, 003 , P
When P is selected, an averaged Time Remaining number is not
displayed. Instead, the Link 10 reports rate compensated percent of
(declared) Battery Capacity Remaining. A full battery is displayed as
100P and the display decrements during discharge to 00P .
If you have selected a discharge floor other than 100%, the percent of
battery capacity remaining is referenced to the selected discharge floor
and uses the instantaneous (not averaged) rate of discharge.
This function is useful on electric vehicles where time remaining
numbers are of little value. NOTE: This display shows the rate compen-
sated capacity percentage which drives the bar graph.

6
Volts is electricity’s poten-
tial to do work. Voltage
helps assess approximate
state-of-charge and to
check for proper charging.
A 12 V battery is consid-
ered 100% discharged
when it drops below 10.5 V.
Amps is the present flow
of current in or out of your
battery. For example, a re-
frigerator may draw 6.2
amps of current. This is
displayed as -06.2-06.2
-06.2-06.2
-06.2 (6.2
amps are being con-
sumed).
Time is an estimate of
how long your battery
will sustain a load. A
Time display of 3.7
hours means you have
approximately 3 hours
42 minutes of operating
time remaining.
Amp hours consumed
represents the amount
of energy removed
from the battery. If you
run a 10-amp load for
one hour, the Link 10
will show -10.0 in the
display.
Volts
Amps
Time
Amp hours
ress and hold the
SET button for 3 sec-
onds to enter the Setup
and Advanced Func-
tions mode. SE
appears in the display.
Advanced Functions
Key Advanced Functions
Setup Features
Advanced
Functions:
Customizes the
ink 10's functions.
For details read
pages 29–30 and
pages 34–37.
Locks front
panel.
Shows charging
efficiency and
historical data.
Resets amp hours (AHAH
AHAH
AH) or
(ALLALL
ALLALL
ALL) defaults.
F01 Scanning
F02 Sleep Mode
F09 Discharge Floor
F15 S/WVersion
F17 Test Lights
uick Reference
55
RS-232 Warning
When using an RS-232-equipped version of the Link 10 in an electric
vehicle which has a floating motive battery negative, remember that in
#5 of the DB-9 connector coming out of the back of the Link 10 is con-
nected to the motive battery negative.
This normally causes no problem when used with laptop computers.
However, if you plug the DB-9 RS-232 output into a computer with a
metal chassis then motive battery negative will be connected to the
chassis of the computer.
THIS EXPOSED BATTERY NEGATIVE MAY BE
HAZARDOUS, AND POSSIB Y FATA IF YOU HAVE A
HIGH SIDE MOTIVE PACK FAU T.
We strongly recommend that when using a computer to log data, you
minimize the hazard by installing an RS-232 Opto-Isolation Module. One
such module is available through Omega Engineering, Inc. (Model 268
costs $126). Call 1-800-872-9436 (phone), 1-800-848-4271 (fax), or
visit www.omega.com
lease note you will also have to purchase DB-25 to DB-9 adapters as
the Model 268 uses DB-25 connectors. Be certain you purchase straight-
through adapters, not the null modem type!

7
Introduction
Congratulations! The Xantrex Link 10 is the most advanced ( atents
ending) DC power measurement instrument available. It shows you:
Battery State-of-Charge on a multicolor light bar.
System voltage accurate to 1 20th of a volt (<20 VDC).
System current accurate to 1 10th of an amp (<40 amps).
Amp hours removed from, or put into, your battery.
Time of operation remaining until recharging is required.
For installation and operation questions, please contact Xantrex at 1-800-
670-0707 (toll free) or 1-604-422-2777 (direct). You can also email Xantrex
at [email protected]. For warranty and technical support
please follow the process outlined on page 52.
If you wish the Link 10 to support an external Low Battery Alarm, such as
a bell or buzzer, or if you need the Link 10 to report data to a computer or
data logging unit, these options must be included at the time of manufac-
ture and cannot be retrofitted in the field.
The installation of the Link 10 is simple, as is its operation. However, there
are many advanced features and functions, so please take the time to read
and thoroughly understand this manual.
Installer's ote: This manual contains operating
instructions. Please leave it with the meter!
54

8
Why monitor a battery?
Batteries can be ruined by excessive discharge. They may also be dam-
aged by under-charging. A battery (or bank of batteries) may be storing
less energy than you think. The Link 10 provides all the key data you, or
your technician, need to make decisions about battery use and charging.
How does the ink 10 work?
The Link 10 uses sophisticated microprocessor technology to report all
significant battery information. The Link 10 monitors battery voltage and
current over time to report amp hours consumed and time remaining—
precisely the information necessary to maximize system performance.
What's an amp hour?
Batteries are rated by amp hour capacity. A battery that delivers one amp
for one hour has delivered one amp hour. Marine and RV deep-cycle bat-
tery capacity is based on their 20-hour discharge rate. A battery that delivers
10 amps to a load for 20 hours before battery voltage drops to 10.5 volts,
is considered a "200 amp hour" battery. 10 amps times 20 hours equals 200
amp hours (200 Ah).
For maximum life you should never discharge more than half the rated
capacity of a battery. Therefore, if you have a 200 amp hour battery, you
should recharge when the Link 10 shows -100 in the amp hour display. The
-100 means 100 amp hours have been removed from your battery.
FOR MAXIMUM BATTERY LIFE, RECHARGE YOUR
BATTERIES WHE YOU HAVE DISCHARGED 50%
OF THEIR AMP HOUR CAPACITY.
Battery Basics
53
IN NO EVENT WILL XANTREX BE LIABLE FOR ANY S ECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
LOSSES, COSTS OR EX ENSES HOWEVER ARISING WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT INCLUDING WITHOUT RESTRICTION ANY
ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANY KIND, ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE TO RO ERTY, ANY ERSONAL INJURY, ANY DAMAGE OR INJURY
ARISING FROM OR AS A RESULT OF MISUSE OR ABUSE, OR THE INCORRECT INSTALLATION, INTEGRATION OR O ERATION OF
THE RODUCT.
Exclusions
If this product is a consumer product, federal law does not allow an exclusion of implied warranties. To the extent you are entitled to implied
warranties under federal law, to the extent permitted by applicable law they are limited to the duration of this Limited Warranty. Some states and
provinces do not allow limitations or exclusions on implied warranties or on the duration of an implied warranty or on the limitation or exclusion of
incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation(s) or exclusion(s) may not apply to you. This Limited Warranty gives you specific legal
rights. You may have other rights which may vary from state to state or province to province.
Warning: Limitations On Use
lease refer to your product user manual for limitations on uses of the product. Specifically, please note that the Xantrex Link 10 Battery Monitor is
not intended for use in connection with life support systems and Xantrex makes no warranty or representation in connection with any use of the
product for such purposes.
Return Material Authorization Policy
Before returning a product directly to Xantrex you must obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and the correct factory “Ship To”
address. roducts must also be shipped prepaid. roduct shipments will be refused and returned at your expense if they are unauthorized, returned
without an RMA number clearly marked on the outside of the shipping box, if they are shipped collect, or if they are shipped to the wrong location.
When you contact Xantrex to obtain service, please have your instruction manual ready for reference and be prepared to supply:
•The serial number of your product
•Information about the installation and use of the unit
•Information about the failure and/or reason for the return
•A copy of your dated proof of purchase
Return Procedure
1. ackage the unit safely, preferably using the original box and packing materials. lease ensure that your product is shipped fully insured in the
original packaging or equivalent. This warranty will not apply where the product is damaged due to improper packaging.
2. Include the following:
•The RMA number supplied by Xantrex Technology Inc clearly marked on the outside of the box.
•A return address where the unit can be shipped. ost office boxes are not acceptable.
•A contact telephone number where you can be reached during work hours
•A brief description of the problem
3. Ship the unit prepaid to the address provided by your Xantrex customer service representative.
If you are returning a product from outside of the USA or Canada
In addition to the above, you MUST include return freight funds and are fully responsible for all documents, duties, tariffs, and deposits.
If you are returning a product to a Xantrex Authorized Service Center (ASC)
A Xantrex return material authorization (RMA) number is not required. However, you must contact the ASC prior to returning the product or
presenting the unit to verify any return procedures that may apply to that particular facility.
Limited Warranty

9
Basic installation of the Link 10 on a 12 or 24 volt system involves only
five wires. Because the Link 10 will work on systems up to 500 volts,
special high voltage installation techniques are discussed beginning on page
44. You need to read this section if you're working on an electric vehicle or
system where more than 50 volts is encountered. If your installation is on
a 12 or 24 volt system, let's get to work!
Installation lanning
First, gather all the tools you'll need for installation. We recommend:
* A 2" or 2 1/16" (52 mm) hole saw to make the panel cutout.
* A 3/8" drill with bits to run power and shunt wiring.
* An adjustable 9/16" wrench for shunt bolt connections.
* Wire stripper/crimper and a small flat blade screwdriver.
Make sure you have all the parts you'll need to complete the job:
* A 500 A–50 mV shunt (included)
* #18 or #16 twisted pair shunt wire long enough to reach
from the battery to the meter location. Ask your dealer for
Xantrex Technology N 84-2014-00 - 25' 4 twisted pair cable
or N 84-2015-00 - 50' 4 twisted pair cable (not included).
* 2 in-line fuse holders with 2-amp fuses.
CAUTION: DO NOT INSTALL FUSES UNTIL YOU
COM LETE INSTRUCTIONS ON AGES 10–15.
* A short heavy-duty battery cable to run from one shunt bolt
to the battery. Cable is available at auto and marine shops.
* Assorted small-gauge crimp type terminals for connecting
the power, shunt, fuses, and voltage sense leads.
Installation
52
What does this warranty cover?
This Limited Warranty is provided by Xantrex Technology, Inc. (“Xantrex”) and covers defects in workmanship and materials in your Xantrex Link
10 Battery Monitor. This warranty lasts for a Warranty eriod of 12 months from the date of purchase at point of sale to you, the original end user
customer.
This Limited Warranty is transferable to subsequent owners but only for the unexpired portion of the Warranty eriod.
What will Xantrex do?
Xantrex will, at its option, repair or replace the defective product free of charge, provided that you notify Xantrex of the product defect within the
Warranty eriod, and provided that Xantrex through inspection establishes the existence of such a defect and that it is covered by this Limited
Warranty.
Xantrex will, at its option, use new and/or reconditioned parts in performing warranty repair and building replacement products. Xantrex reserves the
right to use parts or products of original or improved design in the repair or replacement. If Xantrex repairs or replaces a product, its warranty
continues for the remaining portion of the original Warranty eriod or 90 days from the date of the return shipment to the customer, whichever is
greater. All replaced products and all parts removed from repaired products become the property of Xantrex.
Xantrex covers both parts and labor necessary to repair the product, and return shipment to the customer via a Xantrex-selected non-expedited surface
freight within the contiguous United States and Canada. Alaska and Hawaii are excluded. Contact Xantrex Customer Service for details on freight
policy for return shipments outside of the contiguous United States and Canada.
How do you get service?
If your product requires troubleshooting or warranty service, contact your merchant. If you are unable to contact your merchant, or the merchant is
unable to provide service, contact Xantrex directly at:
Phone: [phone] (toll free in North America) 1-360-925-5097 (direct)
Fax: [phone] (toll free in North America) 1-360-925-5143 (direct)
Email: customers[email protected]
Direct returns may be performed according to the Xantrex Return Material Authorization olicy described in your product manual. For some
products, Xantrex maintains a network of regional Authorized Service Centers. Call Xantrex or check our website to see if your product can be
repaired at one of these facilities.
In any warranty claim, dated proof of purchase must accompany the product and the product must not have been disassembled or modified without
prior written authorization by Xantrex.
roof of purchase may be in any one of the following forms:
•The dated purchase receipt from the original purchase of the product at point of sale to the end user, or
•The dated dealer invoice or purchase receipt showing original equipment manufacturer (OEM) status, or
•The dated invoice or purchase receipt showing the product exchanged under warranty
What does this warranty not cover?
This Limited Warranty does not cover normal wear and tear of the product or costs related to the removal, installation, or troubleshooting of the
customer’s electrical systems. This warranty does not apply to and Xantrex will not be responsible for any defect in or damage to:
a) the product if it has been misused, neglected, improperly installed, physically damaged or altered, either internally or externally, or damaged
from improper use or use in an unsuitable environment;
b) the product if it has been subjected to fire, water, generalized corrosion, biological infestations, or input voltage that creates operating
conditions beyond the maximum or minimum limits listed in the Xantrex product specifications including high input voltage from
generators and lightning strikes;
c) the product if repairs have been done to it other than by Xantrex or its authorized service centers (hereafter “ASCs”);
d) the product if it is used as a component part of a product expressly warranted by another manufacturer;
the product if its original identification (trade-mark, serial number) markings have been defaced, altered, or removed.
Disclaimer
Product
THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY ROVIDED BY XANTREX IN CONNECTION WITH YOUR
XANTREX RODUCT AND IS, WHERE ERMITTED BY LAW, IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, CONDITIONS, GUARANTEES,
RE RESENTATIONS, OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITIES, EX RESS OR IM LIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE IN CONNECTION WITH
THE RODUCT, HOWEVER ARISING (WHETHER BY CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, RINCI LES OF MANUFACTURER’S LIABILITY,
O ERATION OF LAW, CONDUCT, STATEMENT OR OTHERWISE), INCLUDING WITHOUT RESTRICTION ANY IM LIED WARRANTY OR
CONDITION OF QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A ARTICULAR UR OSE. ANY IM LIED WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A ARTICULAR UR OSE TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED UNDER A LICABLE LAW TO A LY TO
THE RODUCT SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE ERIOD STI ULATED UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY.
Limited Warranty

10
Mounting
Our atent ending "Ratchet Ring" makes mounting easy and fast.
TIP: When installing from the front of a
panel or dashboard slide the Ratchet Ring
onto cable with correct orientation
and then connnect
the wires.
123
123
123
123
123
ush Ratchet Ring on
until firmly in contact
with panel.
The gasket around the ring
of the Link 10 should pro-
vide an adequate seal
against moisture. If a sealant
is used be sure it is silicone
so that the Link 10 may be
removed without damage.
CAUTION!
Orient ring so the ratchet
teeth will engage properly.
ractice installing and re-
moving ring before final
assembly. Considerable
force is required—this
ensures the ring will not
loosen over time.
Install the meter from the front of your
panel. The panel thickness may range from
1/16" to 1 1/2". Slip the locking ring on
from the rear and press forward until its
teeth hold the meter securely in place.
PATE TED
51
EC Declaration of
Conformity
CE
Manufacturer: XANTREX TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Address: Xantrex Technology, Inc.
8999 Nelson Way
Burnaby, BC
Canada V5A 4B5
Herewith declares that the Xantrex ink 10 is in conformity with
the provision of the EEC Directive EMC 89/336/EEC and amend-
ments 92/31/EEC, 93/68/EEC.
The following harmonized standards have been applied:
EN 50081-1: 1992
EN 50082-1: 1992

11
Removing
Removing the Link 10 is the reverse of mounting with a
TWIST as shown in the following diagrams.
Twist 1/8th turn to
unlock teeth.
Then pull lock ring
straight back as shown
below.
ull both
sides of
the lock
ring equally
atented
PATE T PE DI G
50
High Voltage Notes
IF YOU USE MOTIVE BATTERIES TO POWER
THE INK 10:
If the HV battery is "tapped" to provide meter power, it is recommended
that a 24 V tap, not a 12 V tap, be used. The reason for this is that under
heavy acceleration under low battery conditions, voltage may fall to levels
low enough to cause the meter display to turn off momentarily. Under
extreme circumstances, historical data may also be lost.
AVOID DATA INE SHOCK HAZARD:
If you have a floating ground system and the Link 10 is equipped with the
RS-232 Serial Computer ort option and is being used to record data into a
laptop computer, we strongly recommend use of an optical isolator such as
Omega Cat #268 to eliminate danger of a HV short to ground or personal
shock hazard. Use caution in connecting wires to the DB-9 on the rear of
the Link 10 as in #5 is connected directly to motive battery (-).
F13
SET VO TAGE SCA ING
Sets proper voltage scaling when used with an external Voltage
rescaler. NOTE: If you use a rescaler, you need to change the
Charged Voltage to an appropriate value for your application. See
"Charged arameters" on pages 22 and 23.
DEFAU T: 0= 0–50 V. Options: 1= 0–100 V, 2= 0–500 V
HOW TO SET VO TAGE SCA ING WHEN
USING A HIGH VO TAGE PRESCA ER

12
Wiring Overview
This drawing is for 12 V & 24 V systems.
For higher voltages see rescaler use on page 44.
DC+
Twisted pair cable
Fuses
Terminal Strip
Connections
See Detail page 1
Mounting age 10
Removing page 11
INSTALLATION TI :
Use appropriate strain relief to
avoid damage to the connector
and terminal strip on the rear of
the Link 10.
DC-
(system ground)
See Detail page 13
Shunt
+
-
NOTE: To limit Voltage measurement error do not exceed wire lengths shown
below. Error assumes 16 AWG wire and max. power consumption.
0.5% Error 72 Feet Maximum
1.0% Error 150 Feet Maximum
3.0% Error 450 Feet Maximum
TIP: For a neat and professional looking installation use plenty of:
* Nylon wire wraps
* Wire wrap anchor points.
49
(optional) Serial Port, RS-232
The Link 10 may be equipped to transmit serial communications data to a
personal computer or a data logging device. When equipped with the
optional RS-232 port, the Link 10 will transmit a data message once a
second. The structure of this data is as follows:
Data Rate: 9600 Data Bits: 8
Stop Bits: 1Parity Bits: None
Word: ASCII Characters, comma delimited
Output Format:
Time, kWh, amps, volts, amp hours, eukert amp hours, eukert amps,
time remaining, bar graph state, temperature (degrees C).
Time is elapsed seconds since last amp hour reset. Kilowatt hours are signed
+ or -, amp hours are signed + or -, amps are signed + or -, volts are
positive, time remaining is in hours or tenths of hours.
eukert amps and eukert amp hours are compensated for eukert's equa-
tion. These numbers are primarily intended for our development and trouble-
shooting. lease do not attempt to interpret these numbers.
The Bar Graph state is indicated by the following integers:
1<20%, 2<40%, 3<60%, 4<80%, 5<100%, 6 = Full (Charged arams met)
If the Low Battery Output is activated, the Bar Graph state is indicated as:
A<20%, B<40%, C<60%, D<80%, E<100%, F = Full (Charged arams met)
in Out:
The serial connection is via the DB-9 connector on the rear deck of the
Link 10. See additional notes on page 11. The pin connections are as follows:
in 2Receive Data line
in 3Transmit Data line
in 5Ground. This is connected to battery pack (-).
The shell of the DB-9 is NOT grounded.

13
Shunt & Battery Wires
The shunt is the current sensor for the Link 10. Its 500 A, 50 mV rating
means that when 500 amps flows through it there is 50 mV generated
across it. The millivolt signal is translated into an amps display in the Link
10. For example: a 50 A load would generate 5 mV across the shunt and
would be displayed as 50 amps. Caution: in the diagram below, the darker
wires represent primary wiring and should be able to carry full battery
load current. Size appropriately!
1234567890123456789
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1
23456789012345678
9
1234567890123456789
12345
12345
12
12
1234
1234
1234
1234
12
12
12345
12345
123
1
2
3
123
12
12
12
RED
BLUE
+
-
ORANGE
GREEN
These wires
must be a
twisted pair!!
4 Twisted pair
cable. See page 14
for part numbers.
2 amp Fuses
(mount within 7"
of battery)
BLACK
SYSTEM POSITIVE
Connect NO
other wires di-
rectly to battery
negative! All
current must
flow through the
shunt!
BATTERY
SIDE
LOAD
SIDE
500 A 50 mV
SHUNT
SYSTEM NEGATIVE
OAD SIDE
48
+
-
-
-
+
+
Lift Truck Installations
Installation of the Link 10 in lift trucks, which have the motive pack bonded
to the chassis and also have a 12 V accessory battery bonded to the chassis,
may use the diagram below for proper wiring of the appropriate rescaler.
The 0–100 V rescaler is used where system voltage does not exceed
100 V at any time, including during onboard charging. In any other instance,
a 500 V rescaler must be used. If possible, install separate Anderson (SMH)
connector so pack can be charged in truck if batteries are not changed.
This way, battery cycles will be counted.
HV
Battery Prescaler
Black Red
(Tagged)
Black
Red
(Tagged)
2 3 4
5 6 7 8
1
Acces.
Battery
2 A fuse. Above 250 V
use 500 V rated fuse.
ink 10
Shunt
12 V
or
24 V
Warning: Reversing input
voltage destroys rescaler
and voids warranty.
TO ANDERSON CONNECTOR
This line is not used if DC-DC converter is installed.
Optional
DC-DC
Converter
(-)
(-)
(+)

14
Meter Wiring Detail
Make the necessary wire connections to the Link 10 as
shown in the following diagram:
CAUTION
Use correct sized screwdriver for
terminal screws. Tighten firmly
but do not over-tighten to avoid
damage
Color code shown for
Xantrex 4 twisted pair
cable. /Ns below:
/N 84-2014-00 -25'
/N 84-2015-00 -50'
1) For Voltages above 50 V a Prescaler must be used. See page 44.
DC - Meter Negative (BLACK) [1]
Shunt Sense Lead Load Side (GREEN) [2]
Shunt Sense Lead Battery Side (ORANGE) [3]
Battery Volt Sense (0–50 V DC1)(BLUE) [4]
DC + Meter ower (9.5–40 V DC) (RED) [5]
Optional Temperature Sensor Input [6]
Optional Low Battery Alarm [7]
Optional Temperature Sensor Ground [8]
Top Rear View
47
+
-
-
-
+
+
EV Installations
The negative of the Link 10's power supply must be common to the nega-
tive of the battery (motive pack) which you are measuring. This may pose
difficulty if your electric vehicle uses an "unbonded" or "floating" (no
connection to the chassis) motive pack and a "bonded" (connected to the
chassis) accessory battery. In these instances, the use of a DC-DC con-
verter, or a separate battery with a common negative with the motive
battery is required. This device provides power for the Link 10 without
electrically connecting the motive battery negative to the chassis. The
diagram shown is for a typical DC-DC converter. If you use a different
DC-DC converter, the pin-out may be different:
DC-DC Converter pin outs vary.
HV
Battery
Prescaler
Black
Black
Red (Tagged)
Red
(Tagged)
5 6 7 8
1
2 3 4
5
6
7
8
Acces.
Battery
DC - DC
Converter
4
3
2
1
+12 V Meter
power goes
to in #5
2 A Fuse. Above 250 V
use 500 V rated fuse.
Shunt ink 10
12V
Warning: Reversing
input voltage destroys
rescaler and voids
warranty.
+HV scaled
voltages goes
to in #4

15
Most failures and problems are due to wiring errors. lease double check
the wiring. (Color code shown is for Xantrex wire /Ns on page 14.)
#1 - DC Power (Black Wire). Start at terminal #1 of the Link 10 and
follow it to the big bolt on the Load side of the shunt. Do not connect this
wire to the small screw terminal with the Green shunt sense lead.
#2 Shunt Sense ead oad Side (Green Wire). This wire connects to
the small screw on the Load side of the shunt. This wire must be a
twisted pair with the Orange wire described below. To check this wire
start at terminal #2 and follow it to the small screw on the Load side of
the shunt. There should be no other wires connected to this screw.
NOTE: Also check the primary wiring from the shunt to the battery.
There should be only one heavy cable from the Battery side of the shunt to
the battery. All loads and sources must be connected on the other side of
the shunt. Only the shunt may be connected directly to battery negative!
#3 Battery Side of Shunt (Orange Wire). This wire must be a twisted
pair with the Green wire described above. To check this wire start at
terminal #3 and follow it to the small screw on the Battery side of the
shunt. There should be no other wires connected to this screw.
#4 Voltage Sense Wire (Bat.+) (Blue Wire). From terminal #4 this wire
should run to a 2 amp fuse holder, located within 7" of the battery. The
other side of the fuse holder should go to the positive (+) battery post.
If Voltage is greater than 50 V, see High Voltage rescaler, page 44.
#5 + DC Power (Red Wire). This wire should run from terminal #5 to a
2 amp fuse holder located within 7" of the battery. The fuse should not
yet be installed. The other side of the fuse holder goes to the battery. If
power supply voltage is above 24 V, see the Electric Vehicles section,
page 46.
Wire by Wire Check
46
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
The Link 10 is the ideal energy meter for EV instrumentation. It not only
provides volts, amps, amp hours and time remaining, it adds two important
bonuses: kilowatt hours and optional serial computer output.
If you design or work with electric vehicles or battery-powered equipment
of any type, you should realize that kilowatt hours are a more accurate
measure of energy used than are amp hours. Here's why:
The term "amp hour" defines current (amps) multiplied by time (hours).
Amp hours is one way to state battery capacity. Amp hours is not a measure
of energy consumed by a vehicle. Energy is defined as:
Energy in watt hours = voltage x amperage x time.
Consider two examples: First, assume we have a 120-volt battery that
supplies a 100-amp load for 1 hour. At the end of one hour, 12,000 watt-
hours (12.00 kWh) will have been consumed. In the same period of time,
100 amp hours will be used.
But now suppose we have a 240-volt battery supplying a 100-amp load
for one hour. What happens to the math? Well, 24,000 watt hours (24.00
kWh) of power have been consumed. The amp hours consumed is the
same as the first example, 100 amp hours, but twice the energy has been
consumed!
That's why electric vehicle efficiency is judged on kilowatt hours. A kilo-
watt hour is a 1,000-watt load for a period of one hour. You buy kilowatt
hours from the power company (to keep the lights on in your home) at a
typical cost of $0.05 to $0.15 per kWh. By comparing the cost of kilowatt
hours from the electric company with kilowatt-hour consumption of an
electric vehicle, you can accurately judge EV operating costs.
Refer to the Owner's Manual for instructions on use of the kWh display.

16
Once you have completed ALL instructions on page 15, insert the voltage
sense wire fuse, then the meter power fuse. (BLUE wire fuse first, RED
wire fuse last!) The fuse should be in a fuse holder and should be con-
nected in a smooth motion. A "ragged" power-up may cause a meter lockup.
Both the bar graph and digital display should come on.
Factory Default Settings
The Link 10 comes on in the (Volts) mode with the display flashing to
indicate that it has been powered up from the de-powered state (see page
26). Left untouched for 10 minutes, the Link 10 will go to "sleep," turning
off the digital display leaving only the bar graph on. (This is a power-
saving feature.) Touching either the SEL or SET buttons will return the
Link 10 to the function the Link 10 was in when it went to "sleep."
The Link 10 is designed to work "out of the box." The factory default
values are appropriate for a moderate capacity 12 V liquid lead acid bat-
tery and a typical user display and function setup. Often the only change
that must be made is setting the battery capacity. You may also have to
set the appropriate eukert's exponent for your battery (see page 26).
Special functions and display options are described beginning on page 27.
The ink 10's Factory Default Settings Are:
1. Automatic Scanning of V, A, amp hours, and time will be OFF.
2. Sleep Mode is ON. Turns digital display off after 10 minutes.
3. Charge Efficiency Factor (CEF) equals 90% and learn CEF mode is on.
4. Charged Parameters: Voltage =13.2, Charged Current =2%. The
battery must exceed 13.2 V and the current must be less, in amps,
than 2% of declared capacity for five minutes for the Link 10 to consider
the battery full.
5. Battery capacity set to 200 amp hours.
6. Peukert Exponent = 1.25.
Startup
45
+
+
-
-
High Voltage Prescaler
CAUTION!
1. Installation of the rescaler Option involves work with poten-
tially fatal voltages. NEVER work alone—have at least one person
present who can render assistance and C R in the event of an
accident. If you have any doubt about your qualifications to
work on a high-voltage system, DON'T DO IT!
2. When working with any DC system, even so-called ungrounded
("floating") systems with no planned chassis connection, disconnect
the negative battery terminal first.
HV
Battery Prescaler
Note: Black wires are common within Prescaler.
Warning: Reversing input
voltage destroys rescaler
and voids warranty.
Shunt
Black
Red
(Tagged)
Black
2 A Fuse. Above 250 V
use 500 V rated fuse.
Prescaler Part Numbers:
0–100 V 84-6000-00
0–500 V 84-6000-05
To Link 10
To Link 10
Use a Prescaler if system voltage EVER exceeds 50 V!
Then set voltage scaling with F13 (see page 50).
Red
(Tagged)

17
Synchronizing the Link 10
Synchronize the ink 10 to a Full Battery
After installing the Link 10, charge the battery until the far right Green
LED begins flashing, which indicates the Charged arameters have been
met. Amp hours will have started at 0 and counted up as a positive num-
ber. As you begin discharging the battery, the LED will stop flashing and
the numeric amp hour display resets to 0. The Link 10 is shipped from the
factory assuming a 200 amp hour battery. Your battery may be a different
size. To change battery size, see page 21.
Staying in Sync, Removing Accumulated Negative Amp Hours
Should the Link 10 ever become out of sync with the battery state-of-
charge simply charge until the far right LED flashes Green. You may also
get back in sync by charging until the battery is full and then resetting the
amp hours to zero through the RESET function.
If the Link 10 should accumulate a negative number in the amp hour dis-
play you will have to charge until you meet the conditions for a recalculation
of the Charging Efficiency (CEF) as described on pages 22 & 23. If you do
not meet all five of the conditions listed below you will not get a recalcu-
lation of the CEF and a reset to zero amp hours consumed.
CONDITIONS TO RESET TO ZERO
1) Discharge 10% of declared battery capacity to trigger algorithm.
2) Recharge until 100% of the kWh removed have been returned.
3) The voltage must be above the Charged Voltage arameter.
4) The current must be below the Charge Current arameter.
5) Conditions 3 & 4 must be met for 5 minutes (1 min. for AE default)
44
Options & Versions
User-installable OPTIONS available include:
Prescalers: Extend the voltage range covered by the Link 10
to either 0–100 V (Xantrex /N 84-6000-0) or
0–500 V (Xantrex /N 84-6000-05).
Temperature Sensor: Reports battery temperature in Degrees Celsius
(Xantrex /N 84-2024-00)
All other options must be installed at the time the Link 10 is manufactured,
as additional circuitry is involved.
Special order VERSIONS of the ink 10
RS-232 (9600, 8, N, 1 ASCII computer port)
Alarm Switch Switch closure when Low Battery Alarm is active.
RS-232 + Alarm Switch (Both options above)

18
Although the Link 10 is a very sophisticated device, obtaining basic battery
information from it is simple. With the unit turned on and the (Volts) LED on,
let's learn how to display the four most important DC system parameters.
When you touch the button, you
are SELecting the display you wish.
Each time you touch SEL in normal
operation, you will toggle to the next
item to the right (volts) goes to
(amps) to (amp hours) to (time).
Now press SEL to bring up these functions.
Operation
Volts is the electric potential to do work. Voltage is useful to assess the
approximate state-of-charge and to check for proper charging. Examples:
An at-rest, fully charged battery will show about 12.8 V. A 12 V battery
is 100% discharged when it reaches 10.5 volts with a 20-hour rated load
applied. A typical charging voltage would be 14.2 V.
Amps is the present flow of current in or out of the battery. For example,
a refrigerator may draw 6 amps of current. This is displayed as - 6.0 (6
amps are being consumed). Discharge is shown as a negative number and
charging is shown as a positive number (unsigned).
Amp hours consumed represents the amount of energy removed from
the battery. If you run a 10-amp load for one hour then ten amp hours are
consumed. The Link 10 will show -I0 in the display. During charging
the Link 10 will compensate for charging efficiency and count back up
toward 0.
Time is an estimate of how long (in hours) the battery will sustain a load.
It is based on a selectable, time averaged, rate of discharge. Default is the
average of the last four minutes of use (see page 24).
i4.25
43
Troubleshooting
Problem Suggestion
No lights or display Check ower Connections
Reset meter (page 28)
No keyboard response Check Lock is not invoked
Reset meter (page 28)
Time Remaining Not Check Battery Capacity (page 21)
Accurate Check Temperature Coefficient (page 32)
Check eukert Exponent (page 26)
Digital Display Dim Clean front panel photo-sensor
(Between A and Ah lights)
Current olarity Reversed Current Shunt leads reversed (page 13)
Intermittent Operation Corrosion or loose wires. Loosen and
reconnect all rear panel connections.
Check voltage sense and shunt wiring
at battery location.
Accumulates Negative Charge arameters not met. Check
Amp-hour reading Charged arameter values—has 100% of
kWh been returned? Charging Current is
not passing through shunt (pages 13, 22,
23, and Function F04).
Xantrex Technology, Inc. warrants that the Link 10 will measure voltage,
amperage, and amp hours within the published specifications. The Time
Remaining and LED bar graph functions are complicated and require
appropriate user setup and are therefore beyond the control of Xantrex
and are not covered by warranty. Similarly, installation wiring and specific
applications are beyond our control and are not covered by warranty.
See page 52.

19
Reading the Bar Graph
Under the LED bar graph are the words RESETRESET
RESETRESET
RESET, DADA
DADA
DATT
TT
TAA
AA
A, LL
LL
LOCKOCK
OCKOCK
OCK, and
FUNCFUNC
FUNCFUNC
FUNC. These words are ignored during normal operation. They are used
to indicate programming and advanced function modes which are explained
beginning on page 28.
Setting Battery Capacity is Important
The LED bar graph display shows how much of your battery has been con-
sumed. If you do not set your battery capacity correctly, your bar graph will not
give you an accurate indication of battery state-of-charge. The Link 10 also
uses declared capacity to calculate the Time Remaining, the charged current for
Charge Efficiency Factor calculations, and other control functions.
Setting capacity correctly is very important—see page 21
BATTER Y S TATE-OF-CHARGE
Full (Charged Parameters Met)
80–99%+
60–79%+
40–59%+
20–39%+
0–19%+
Above the digital display are four LEDs. They tell you the battery's state-
of-charge at a glance. Four green LEDs means your battery is full. One
flashing red light means it is nearly discharged. The table below shows the
six different displays indicating battery state-of-charge. Under certain light
conditions green may appear yellow.
EMPTYEMPTY
EMPTYEMPTY
EMPTY FULLFULL
FULLFULL
FULL
42
Surrette and Rolls Batteries
Model Volts Res. Min. 20-Hr. rating "n"
EHG-208 6 345 208 1.42
EIG-225 6 350 225 1.54*
EIG-262 6 395 262 1.72*
24/90 12 165 90 1.16
27/12M 12 190 112 1.23
30H/108 12 230 108 1.08
HT/4D 12 348 170 1.15
HT/8D 12 450 221 1.20
*Use Max allowed "n" of 1.50
Peukert's Exponent
log t2 - log t1
log I1 - log I2
n = log 20 - log 7.45
log 25 - log 11.25
= =
1.301 - 0.872
1.398 - 1.051 = 1.24
Example of using Reserve Minutes @ 25 amps
and the 20-hour rate to calculate "n".
First convert Reserve Minutes to hours, then find the discharge current at
for the 20-hour rating. Finally, use a calculator to solve the arithmetic.
Trojan T-105:
Reserve Minutes = 447 min @ 25 amps.
t1 = 447 min = 447/60 = 7.45 hrs
I1 = 25 amps
20-hour rating = 225 Ah
t2 = 20 hours
I1 = 225 amp hours/20 hours = 11.25 amps

20
ressing and holding the SET button for three seconds enters the Setup and
Advanced Functions mode. The word SELSEL
SELSEL
SEL apppears in the display, prompting you
to press the SEL button to choose what function you want to SELect.
ressing SEL chooses a variable or function. The SETU mode always begins
at the (Volts) function. Each press of the SEL button scrolls to the next item.
When a variable or function is selected, its LED is on and its present value is
displayed. To change an item press the SET button until the value appears that
you wish. The order displayed and brief descriptions are below.
IGHT DESCRIPTION
Charged Voltage (the voltage above which the battery must rise to be full)
Charged Current % (charging current must be below this percentage times
the battery capacity to be considered full. See page 22–23)
Battery Capacity in amp hours
Time interval over which current is averaged for time remaining function.
Using the Buttons
Advanced Functions. See page 30.
Locks out SET button & Advanced Functions. See
page 28.
Displays: CEF, # CEF Recalcs, Average Depth of
Discharge, Deepest Discharge, Average Rate of
Discharge. See page 29.
Resets A-hrs & allows Reset to Factory values. See
page 28.
Each LED is lit in sequence to indicate function.
41
Typical Values for Peukert's Exponent "n"
This table contains values for the exponent "n" for various batteries and
manufacturers. They are calculated from the 20-hour rating and the
Reserve Minutes @ 25 A as supplied by the manufacturer. They should be
considered only a guide for selecting "n."
Prevailer & SeaGel Batteries
Model Volts Res. Min. 20-Hr. rating "n"
8GGC 6 375 180 1.14
8GU1 12 43 43 1.20
8GU24 12 130 70 1.13
8GU27 12 167 86 1.12
8GU30H 12 188 95 1.12
84D 12 388 180 1.11
8G8D 12 500 225 1.10
Trojan Batteries
Model Volts Res. Min. 20-Hr. rating "n"
T-105 6 447 225 1.24
T-125 6 488 235 1.19
T-145 6 530 244 1.14
J250 6 535 250 1.17
J305 6 660 305 1.21
L16 6 760 350 1.28
24TM 12 135 85 1.23
27TM 12 160 105 1.28
30XHS 12 225 130 1.27
SCS225 12 225 130 1.27
EV8D 12 450 216 1.17
Peukert's Equati n
Peukert's Exponent