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1
TribeStar Users Guide
Table of Contents
PART I :Even if you hate manuals
You Must Read This 4
Compatibility .................................................................................... 4
Unpacking TribeStar 5
Installation Checklist ........................................................................ 6
Installing TribeStar8 Steps to Success 7
Technical Support 9
Technical Assistance........................................................................ 9
Bulletin Board on AppleLink ............................................................. 9
Contact ............................................................................................ 9
PART II: Introduction to TribeStar
AppleTalk Fundamentals 10
AppleTalk Basics............................................................................ 10
AppleTalk Addressing .................................................................... 10
AppleTalk Zones ............................................................................ 12
MacIP............................................................................................ 12
How TribeStar Works 14
TribeStar as a Bridge ..................................................................... 14
Packet Delivery with TribeStar ....................................................... 14
TribeStar’s Design ......................................................................... 15
PART III: Installing a Network
Planning a New Network 16
Cables for LocalTalk ...................................................................... 16
Cables for Ethernet ........................................................................ 16
ThickNet ........................................................................................ 17
ThinNet .......................................................................................... 17
10BaseT ........................................................................................ 18
Connecting Macs to Ethernet ......................................................... 18
Wiring Plan .................................................................................... 18
Wiring Your New Network 20
Making your own cables................................................................. 21
Testing Your Finished Cables ......................................................... 22
Connect all Devices to Patch Panels ............................................. 23
Plugging an RJ-21 Cable into TribeStar ......................................... 23
Plug in the Ethernet Transceiver .................................................... 24
2
TribeStar Users Guide
PART IV: Configuration
AppleTalk Configuration 25
SwitchMonitor for AppleTalk Configuration..................................... 25
Configuration Parameters .............................................................. 26
Hard-seed/Soft-seed...................................................................... 26
Network Number (Net) ................................................................... 27
Node Number ................................................................................ 27
Zones............................................................................................. 27
Setting Changes to the Hub ........................................................... 28
SwitchMonitor: Managing Your Network 29
Getting Started with SwitchMonitor ................................................ 29
Selecting a TribeStar for Analysis .................................................. 29
SwitchMonitor Screen Summary .................................................... 30
AppleTalk and MacIP Configuration ............................................... 30
The Statistics Screen ..................................................................... 30
The Network Screen ...................................................................... 31
The Diagnostics Screen................................................................. 32
Controlling TribeStar Ports ............................................................. 32
SecurityConfiguration.................................................................... 33
Downloading ROM Image Updates................................................ 33
Optimizing Network Performance .................................................. 33
Saving Statistics Over Time ........................................................... 34
MaintainNetwork Reliabilityw/SwitchMonitor................................. 35
Other SwitchMonitor Functions ...................................................... 35
Configuration Scenarios 36
Networks without any routers ......................................................... 36
Networks w/ Ethernet routers & no LocalTalk routers..................... 37
Networks w/ LocalTalk routers & no Ethernet routers..................... 37
Networks w/ Ethernet routers & LocalTalk routers.......................... 38
Networks with Multiple TribeStars .................................................. 38
PART V: TribeStar IP
Introduction to TCP/IP Protocols 39
TCP/IP Fundamentals.................................................................... 39
TCP/IP and the Internet ................................................................. 40
IP Addressing ................................................................................ 40
IP Subnetting ................................................................................. 42
MacIP Fundamentals 44
The Purpose of MacIP ................................................................... 44
How MacIP Works ......................................................................... 44
Setting MacTCP Configuration Options ......................................... 47
3
TribeStar Users Guide
TribeStar IP Configuration 49
Getting Started............................................................................... 49
IP Routes Parameters.................................................................... 50
IP Interface Parameters ................................................................. 51
MacIP Parameters ......................................................................... 52
Optional MacIP Parameters ........................................................... 54
Configuring MacIP with Multiple TribeStars.................................... 54
IP Configuration Scenarios 55
Configuration Scenario Using KIP Forwarding ............................... 55
Configuration Scenario Using MacIP routing.................................. 55
PART VI: Troubleshooting
Planning for a Rainy Day 57
Resources...................................................................................... 57
The Tao of Troubleshooting ........................................................... 57
Six Commonly Encountered Problems 59
LocalTalk Network Problems.......................................................... 59
Inaccurate Zone or Network Information ........................................ 60
Common Ethernet Connection Problems....................................... 61
Problems Noted in Diagnostics Printouts ....................................... 62
Getting More Information 64
Limited Warranty 65
Index 66
4
TribeStar Users Guide
I. Even if you hate manuals
PART I : Even if you hate manuals…
You Must Read This
TribeStar has been designed for easy installation. However, like any other sophis-
ticated networking equipment, care must be taken when installing TribeStar to
ensure proper network operation.
You may have noticed a registration card in your TribeStar package. Please return
your card immediately. We use this information to provide you with proper
technical support, to inform you of any bug fixes or additional features, and to
send you free firmware and SwitchMonitor upgrades.
Compatibility
All Ethernet devices and routers connected to TribeStar must be compatible
with AppleTalk Phase 2.
The Ethernet network to which TribeStar connects must have a network
number range of a single value (e.g., 61-61). If your TribeStar is not connected
to a network that already has a router, TribeStar automatically assigns the correct
Ethernet network number.
In topologies where TribeStar is connected to routers on its Ethernet side,
you must configure the routers so that the Ethernet network number has a
range of a single value.
TribeStar’s management software, SwitchMonitor™, displays a network map
of devices connected to TribeStar. For this map to display properly, make
sure that non-System-7 Macs have the Responder init in the System Folder.
You must strictly follow the 8-step procedure in the chapter
Installing
TribeStar
.Otherwise, your network may crash or exhibit random behavior.
5
TribeStar Users Guide
Unpacking TribeStar
Unpacking TribeStar
Thank you for choosing TribeStar, the revolutionary multi-port LocalTalk-to-
Ethernet switching hub. Zoom Telephonics is a leader in value-added equipment
for AppleTalk, offering unique, easy-to-use products to help you optimize the
performance of your networks.
In addition to this user’s guide, the TribeStar package includes:
A power cord.
A wall mounting bracket.
The SwitchMonitor disk, which contains the SwitchMonitor network manage-
ment software.
Note the location and names of the various ports and items on the TribeStar unit
in the following illustration. Knowledge of each of these will be important during
the installation process and when troubleshooting any problems.
Ethernet
Light 50-Pin
RJ-21 Connector
LocalTalk
Lights
Red: Port Receiving
Green: Port Transmitting
Amber: See the "Tribestar's Design" Section
Power
Status Light
*
*
Ethernet
AUI
12345678
EN#0040360106F0
y
ExDxlVCoCc
q
RLWQ
MaelP code
Fan Plug On/Off
Switch
Future
Use
6
TribeStar Users Guide
Unpacking TribeStar
Installation Checklist
In addition to the TribeStar package, you should have the following components:
An Ethernet transceiver (e.g., 10BaseT or 10Base2 type) to attach to the
TribeStar’s AUI port. If you bought your transceiver from Zoom, the SQE
should already be set to “ON.” If you bought your transceiver from a third
party, consult their instructions for the proper setting.
If you plan to use 10Base2 Ethernet cables (ThinNet): appropriate lengths of
cable, cable T-connectors and terminators (one for each end of the daisy
chain). See the
ThinNet
section.
If you plan to use 10BaseT Ethernet cable: a 10BaseT hub and one
10BaseT cable for each Ethernet device. If you connect the TribeStar to only
one Ethernet machine, you do not need a 10BaseT hub, but you must use a
special 10BaseT cable with the send and receive wires reversed in one end.
(See the illustration in the
Making Your Own Cables
section in
Part III
.)
A wiring kit consisting of an RJ-21 cable and either a punchdown block or 8-
port patch panel. The wiring kit is used to connect the TribeStar to your
LocalTalk network. These wiring kits are available from most resellers or
directly from Zoom.
7
TribeStar Users Guide
Installing TribeStar
Installing TribeStar—8 Steps to Success
This chapter assumes that your network is wired and ready for installing
TribeStar. This is the case if you are installing a network into a prewired site or are
replacing a LocalSwitch®or a multi-port repeater such as a StarController™.
If you do not have a network installed, please see the chapters
Planning a New
Network
and
Wiring Your New Network.
Before plugging in TribeStar to replace an existing repeater hub, please check
your network wiring for loops within the network, or for terminating resistors that
might have been lost or removed. (A wiring loop occurs when a wire goes out
from the hub and loops back into the hub between ports or within one port.) A
terminating resistor whose wires are twisted until they cross has the same effect
on a network as a loop. Loops or lack of termination can cause high numbers of
errors that will bring your network to a crawl. In addition, if you have a
LocalSwitch, check that the ROM version is up to date. Contact Zoom Technical
Support at (617) 753-0700 if you are not sure about this.
Your TribeStar comes from the factory pre-configured to adapt itself to your
network (soft-seeded). If you did not get your TribeStar factory direct, you should
make sure that it is soft-seeded. If it is not configured correctly, your network may
crash because of a conflict in network number or zone name. To install
SwitchMonitor, TribeStar’s management software, follow the directions in the
SwitchMonitor: Managing Your Network
chapter To configure TribeStar
properly, follow the directions in the
AppleTalk Configuration
chapter. To config-
ure TribeStar for MacIP, refer to
PART V: TribeStar IP.
To install TribeStar, please strictly follow the procedure below.
1. Check that your Ethernet is configured with a network number with the range
of 1. Also, if you have a LocalTalk router, make sure that your EtherTalk is
configured with a single zone name.
2. Shut down all non-router nodes to be connected to TribeStar. If you have
routers, leave your routers on.
3. Connect TribeStar’s AUI to your Ethernet network using the appropriate
transceiver. If you purchased the transceiver from Tribe, the DIP switches
on the transceiver have been set to work with TribeStar. If not, consult their
instructions for the proper setting. Close the latch to secure the transceiver.
(See the illustration in the
Ethernet Transceiver
section in
Part III
.)
4. Connect TribeStar to your LocalTalk network. Unplug the 50-pin RJ-21 cable
from the LocalSwitch or StarController, and plug it into your TribeStar. The
cable must point away from the LEDs. (See the illustration in the
Wiring
Your New Network
chapter in
Part III
for the cable’s orientation on
TribeStar.)
5. As a StarController has 12 ports and a LocalSwitch 16, you need to redis-
tribute these ports among TribeStar’s 8 ports. The next illustration shows
the port designation on a punchdown block for these three hubs. Note that
TribeStar’s ports correspond to the first 8 ports of the StarController, so you
only need to move ports 9 through 12. This also applies if you have a 12-port
StarController patch panel. When connecting a LocalTalk router or
LocalSwitch to a TribeStar, do not use port one.
8
TribeStar Users Guide
6. Plug the power cord into the back of the TribeStar and then into an electri-
cal outlet. Turn on the power switch located on the back of the TribeStar.
7. Upon start-up, TribeStar undergoes a system self-test. Look for the
correct sequence of LED lighting:
1st all LEDs are amber
2nd LEDs are alternately green-red-green-red, etc.
3rd all LEDs are red
4th all LEDs go blank
5th LEDs flicker as network traffic occurs
8. Start up all devices connected to TribeStar.
not used
not used
7
not used
6
not used
5
not used
4
3
not used
2
not used
1
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
TribeStar StarController
12
not used
11
not used
10
not used
9
not used
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
not used
15
not used
14
not used
13
not used
not used
not used
8
not used
7
not used
6
not used
5
not used
4
3
not used
2
not used
1
not used
not used
11
not used
10
not used
9
not used
Management
LocalSwitch
RJ-21 cable pins
16,41
15,40
14,39
13,38
12,37
11,36
10,35
9,34
8,33
7,32
6,31
5,30
4,29
3,28
2,27
1,26
24,49
23,47
22,47
21,46
20,45
19,44
18,43
17,42
25,50
Port Designation
not used
1
not used
Enlargement of top of punch block
1
26
2
27
3
28
12 16
8
Installing TribeStar
9
TribeStar Users Guide
Technical Support
Technical Support
Zoom Telephonics is dedicated to providing you with excellent technical support
as well as reliable state-of-the-art products.
Technical Assistance
If you need technical assistance, please have the serial number and the ROM
version of your TribeStar on hand when you call. To locate the serial number,
refer to the illustration in the
Unpacking TribeStar
chapter. Information such as
the number and types of routers connected to your network, the number of nodes
in your network, their system versions, and the types of servers being used can
help us better understand the dynamics of your network.
You can contact Zoom Technical Support at (617) 753-0700. Technical Support
hours are 8:30 AM – 5 PM, Monday through Friday, Eastern Time. You can also
send a fax at (617) 423-5536.
If you have a sales question, contact Zoom Sales at (800) 631-3116.
You can also get information on Zoom products and services at our web site. The
address is www.zoomtel.com.
Our address is:
Zoom Telephonics, Inc.
207 South Street, Boston, MA 02111
10
TribeStar Users Guide
PART II: Introduction to TribeStar
AppleTalk Fundamentals
This chapter introduces AppleTalk networking concepts that will help you config-
ure your network with TribeStar. If you are an experienced administrator of
AppleTalk networks, you may skip this chapter. If you are a beginning network
administrator, you should read this chapter before installing TribeStar.
AppleTalk Basics
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computers connected together in order
to share data or work collaboratively. While the wires that actually connect the
computers are the most visible element, many other elements are required. For
example, the computers must know how to address each other and they must
agree on basic rules for accessing the wire.
When one computer wants to send data to another, it packages the data into
many small pieces called
packets
and sends them down the wire separately. This
is so that no one device can monopolize the network. It also means that every
packet must contain the destination address and other information important for
packetdelivery.
LocalTalk and Ethernet define a standard for the actual physical wires, or
media
that connect the computers, the character of the electrical signals that are trans-
mitted, and the basic rules used to control access to the wire. Built into every
Macintosh and accessed through the printer port, LocalTalk transmits data at the
rate of 230,000 bits per second, or 230 Kbps. Ethernet, by contrast, transmits at
the rate of 10 Mbps (that’s 10 million bits per second).
Invented by Apple Computer in 1983, AppleTalk is a set of software
protocols.
Protocols define a framework for communication between computers. Compared
to media, protocols are concerned with higher level issues, such as packet
addressing. Relative to other protocols, AppleTalk is distinguished by its ease of
use.
AppleTalk Addressing
One of the most important features of the AppleTalk protocol suite is the way that
it allows nodes to be addressed. Within a small group of computers, nodes are
identified by a number between 1 and 253, called the
node number
. This is the
first tier of the AppleTalk address.
A larger AppleTalk
internet
requires more organization. It needs a second tier for
address information. This is called the
Network Number
or
Network Number
Range.
A LocalTalk network always has a single network number allowing for a
theoretical maximum of 253 devices per network. An EtherTalk network is identi-
fied by a network number range, e.g., 50-60 or 100-100, potentially allowing for
many more than 253 devices in one network. An AppleTalk network number can
II. Introduction to TribeStar