A.H. Systems SAS-545 User manual

A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
SAS-545
Biconical Antenna
Operation Manual
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3
Optional Equipment.................................................................................................4
Intended Purposes................................................................................................... 5
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Assembly Instructions .............................................................................................6
Mounting Instructions...............................................................................................6
SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications .......................................................................................................... 8
Typical Data.............................................................................................................9
Calculations...........................................................................................................16
Convertion Factors.................................................................................................17
MAINTENANCE
Maintenance Procedures ......................................................................................18
Annual Calibration..................................................................................................18
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
INT ODUCTION
The A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical antenna operates efficiently over the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 GHz. Compact in size, this Biconical Antenna is an ideal solution for
broadband and Omni-directional requirements.
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
The following is a recommend accessory list for the SAS-545 Biconical
Antenna:
CONNECTING ACCESSO IES:
SAC-213
Standard 3 meter N(m) to N(m) F cable made with G-58/U. Other cable
types available upon request.
Adapters
Need an Adapter? We stock those as well.
MOUNTING ACCESSO IES:
AEH-510
Azimuth and elevation head to assist the test engineer in orientating biconical
antenna at the device under test.
ATU-510
Each tripod leg is independently adjustable in angle and length to facilitate
antenna height setting. The tripod legs have a rubber tip on one end for indoor
or hard surface use, and a metal spike on the other end for outdoor soft surface
(such as dirt) use.
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
INTENDED PU POSES
The Biconical antenna is intended for general laboratory use in a wide variety of
industrial and scientific applications and has been designed to be used in the
process of generating, controlling and measuring high levels of electromagnetic
adio Frequency ( F) energy. It is the responsibility of the user to assure that
the device is operated in a location which will control the radiated energy such
that it will not cause injury and will not violate regulatory levels of
electromagnetic interference.
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
OPE ATING INST UCTIONS
ASSEMBLY INST UCTIONS
The SAS-545 Biconical Antenna is shipped with the elements detached from
the balun. Attach each element to the Biconical balun tee assembly.
MOUNTING INST UCTIONS
The SAS-545 biconical antenna is supplied with an ABC-TD Balun mounting
clamp. The ABC-TD has a 1/4-20 mounting holes on the base of the clamp.
Attach the antenna to the ABC-TD mounting clamp, azimuth and elevation head
(AEH-510) through the screw hole in the antenna base. The azimuth and
elevation head (AEH-510) mounts to the tripod (ATU-510) top and allows the
antennas to be rotated 360 degrees and tilted between horizontal and vertical
polarization. Each tripod leg is independently adjustable in angle and length to
facilitate antenna height setting. The tripod legs have a rubber tip on one end
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
for indoor or hard surface use, and a metal spike on the other end for outdoor
soft surface (such as dirt) use.
Mount the antenna such that the elements are parallel to the ground for
horizontal polarization testing, or perpendicular to the ground for vertical testing.
The horizontal beamwidth of the biconical antenna is approximately 60 degrees
and it should be pointed or aimed in the direction that the received signal is
coming from.
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
OPE ATING INST UCTIONS
Once the antenna is mounted to a mast or tripod, connect an N-type coaxial
cable from the antenna to a receiver. The cable should be matched to 50 ohms,
relatively low loss and adequately shielded against leakage such as G-214/U
or better.
The Biconical Antenna is in the horizontal polarization when the antenna
elements are parallel to the ground, and vertical polarization when the elements
are perpendicular to the ground.
To minimize impedance mismatch errors, it is recommended that high-quality
in-line attenuators be used to reduce reflections. Connect the attenuator at the
antenna end of the transmitting cable, or when receiving connect the attenuator
at the measuring instrument or preamplifier input.
Dress the cables straight back from the antenna connector at least 1 meter
before being dressed vertically down to the ground plane. Signal cables that
are dressed orthogonal to the antenna elements will have minimal coupling to
the antenna field, but the cable shields may carry external currents caused by
impedance imperfections. Also, portions of the cables that are not straight down
or straight back will couple to the antenna fields.
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
SPECIFICATIONS
ELECT ICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency ange ...........................................................................30 MHz – 1 GHz
Antenna Factor....................................................................................45 to 17 dB/m
Antenna Gain...........................................................................................-50 to 2 dBi
Impedance (nominal)..........................................................................................50W
Maximum Continuous Power.....................................................................200 Watts
Connector........................................................................................N-Type (female)
Mounting............................................................................................1/4-20 (female)
PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Weight ........................................................................................................... 1.6 lbs.
(725 g)
Size (W x H)...........................................................................................14.25" x 15"
(36cm x 38cm)
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
TYPICAL DATA
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
Frequency
(MHz)
Antenna
Factor
Gain (dBi) Gain
(Numeric)
VSW
20 44.405 -48.1378 1.54E-05 69.492
25 42.516 -44.3106 3.71E-05 52.648
30 42.921 -43.132 4.86E-05 54.000
35 40.067 -38.9391 0.000128 52.700
40 37.911 -35.6232 0.000274 52.200
45 38.202 -34.8912 0.000324 49.600
50 38.801 -34.575 0.000349 50.600
55 37.968 -32.9142 0.000511 49.500
60 36.362 -30.5524 0.000881 40.200
65 37.94 -31.4352 0.000719 23.177
70 37.311 -30.1625 0.000963 9.960
75 32.638 -24.8902 0.003243 9.528
80 33.312 -25.0036 0.00316 12.347
85 32.529 -23.6941 0.004272 18.900
90 32.815 -23.4836 0.004484 23.177
95 32.632 -22.831 0.005211 25.941
100 30.07 -19.8234 0.010415 25.941
105 27.612 -16.9416 0.020223 23.177
110 26.399 -15.3246 0.029346 29.962
115 27.092 -15.6315 0.027343 26.334
120 26.513 -14.6828 0.034019 19.107
125 23.449 -11.2642 0.074744 20.946
130 23.039 -10.5136 0.088847 20.697
135 23.202 -10.3488 0.092284 17.391
140 23.736 -10.5669 0.087763 20.697
145 22.804 -9.33007 0.116679 20.946
150 22.951 -9.1826 0.120709 16.106
155 21.763 -7.70979 0.169442 16.106
160 19.816 -5.48703 0.282681 13.921
165 19.12 -4.52375 0.352878 11.610
170 19.669 -4.81345 0.330107 9.960
175 19.085 -3.97767 0.40016 8.392
180 19.083 -3.73098 0.423548 6.997
185 18.902 -3.31199 0.466445 5.030
190 17.812 -1.99036 0.63236 4.169
195 16.63 -0.58274 0.874433 4.023
200 17.37 -1.10283 0.775742 3.314
205 17.102 -0.62035 0.866892 3.131
210 16.122 0.568957 1.139976 2.731
215 16.599 0.29634 1.070617 2.323
220 17.114 -0.01898 0.99564 2.021
225 16.547 0.743222 1.186649 1.795
230 16.392 1.089128 1.285029 1.662
235 16.071 1.596929 1.444418 1.689
240 16.537 1.313796 1.353255 1.817
245 17.167 0.862893 1.219802 1.939
250 17.214 0.991371 1.256427 1.980
255 18.425 -0.04763 0.989094 1.978
260 18.925 -0.37896 0.91644 2.150
265 19.052 -0.34051 0.924589 2.364
270 20.054 -1.18015 0.762052 2.323
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
275 20.668 -1.63477 0.686313 2.458
280 19.826 -0.63627 0.86372 2.828
285 19.693 -0.34953 0.922671 2.898
290 20.144 -0.64947 0.861099 2.968
295 20.223 -0.57999 0.874986 3.047
300 20.206 -0.417 0.908447 3.047
305 20.453 -0.52043 0.887068 3.172
310 21.729 -1.65519 0.683094 3.086
315 20.713 -0.50022 0.891206 3.263
320 21.201 -0.85143 0.821972 3.263
325 21.434 -0.94976 0.80357 3.091
330 20.875 -0.25815 0.942291 2.937
335 21.407 -0.65953 0.859106 2.796
340 22.05 -1.17385 0.763159 2.534
345 22.108 -1.10505 0.775346 2.134
350 22.586 -1.45807 0.714814 1.913
355 22.402 -1.15086 0.767209 1.764
360 22.298 -0.92538 0.808094 1.925
365 22.613 -1.12057 0.772579 2.303
370 22.707 -1.09639 0.776892 2.615
375 22.385 -0.6578 0.859448 2.898
380 22.448 -0.60576 0.86981 3.263
385 22.88 -0.92421 0.808311 3.570
390 22.896 -0.82814 0.826392 3.748
395 23.406 -1.22749 0.753792 3.809
400 24.631 -2.34323 0.583011 3.880
405 24.184 -1.78833 0.662471 4.086
410 23.573 -1.07075 0.781493 4.419
415 23.625 -1.01747 0.79114 4.419
420 23.587 -0.87544 0.81744 4.704
425 24.059 -1.24465 0.750819 5.030
430 24.735 -1.81906 0.6578 5.145
435 24.035 -1.01864 0.790926 5.407
440 23.374 -0.25838 0.942242 5.160
445 24.049 -0.83523 0.825044 4.804
450 24.972 -1.66118 0.682154 5.030
455 24.69 -1.2832 0.744183 5.407
460 24.777 -1.27527 0.745543 5.030
465 25.614 -2.01837 0.628294 5.145
470 24.951 -1.26247 0.747744 5.407
475 24.752 -0.97156 0.799548 5.145
480 25.667 -1.7956 0.661363 5.145
485 26.092 -2.13059 0.612267 5.280
490 27.262 -3.21151 0.477364 5.265
495 27.386 -3.24732 0.473443 5.030
500 26.515 -2.28903 0.590333 4.921
505 26.558 -2.2456 0.596266 4.804
510 27.356 -2.95803 0.506055 4.597
515 27.098 -2.61528 0.54761 4.507
520 27.48 -2.91336 0.511286 4.609
525 27.602 -2.95224 0.506729 4.419
530 26.518 -1.78591 0.66284 4.419
535 26.893 -2.07935 0.619533 4.336
540 28.099 -3.20455 0.478129 4.326
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
545 27.809 -2.8345 0.520655 4.336
550 27.264 -2.21017 0.60115 4.169
555 27.508 -2.37557 0.578686 4.015
560 27.087 -1.87667 0.649132 3.809
565 26.38 -1.09246 0.777596 3.748
570 27.169 -1.80493 0.659944 3.682
575 27.327 -1.88707 0.647579 3.625
580 26.659 -1.14387 0.768446 3.308
585 26.656 -1.06631 0.782292 3.047
590 26.568 -0.90439 0.81201 3.047
595 26.56 -0.82309 0.827353 3.131
600 26.806 -0.9964 0.794986 2.973
605 26.132 -0.25032 0.943991 2.898
610 26.298 -0.34483 0.92367 2.898
615 26.164 -0.13993 0.968294 2.642
620 25.864 0.230405 1.054485 2.588
625 25.274 0.890172 1.227488 2.509
630 25.138 1.095382 1.286881 2.388
635 25.673 0.629046 1.155858 2.262
640 25.962 0.408171 1.098543 2.283
645 26.581 -0.14323 0.967557 2.185
650 25.774 0.730838 1.18327 2.134
655 26.602 -0.0306 0.992978 2.185
660 26.765 -0.12755 0.971058 2.243
665 25.878 0.825004 1.209206 2.283
670 26.076 0.692067 1.172753 2.303
675 26.488 0.344647 1.082592 2.388
680 26.35 0.54675 1.134162 2.343
685 26.467 0.493383 1.12031 2.364
690 26.333 0.690553 1.172345 2.343
695 25.485 1.601267 1.445862 2.435
700 25.106 2.042532 1.600491 2.559
705 24.797 2.413354 1.743152 2.534
710 25.287 1.984738 1.579333 2.615
715 25.818 1.514692 1.417324 2.534
720 25.888 1.505221 1.414237 2.482
725 26.298 1.155331 1.304768 2.588
730 26.198 1.315028 1.353639 2.588
735 26.443 1.129318 1.296976 2.559
740 27.552 0.079206 1.018405 2.642
745 26.866 0.823697 1.208842 2.615
750 26.271 1.476797 1.405011 2.509
755 25.844 1.96151 1.570909 2.458
760 25.423 2.439843 1.753817 2.343
765 25.777 2.1428 1.637872 2.241
770 26.225 1.751386 1.496713 2.281
775 25.958 2.074605 1.612354 2.283
780 26.321 1.767463 1.502264 2.262
785 26.849 1.294964 1.3474 2.185
790 26.751 1.448113 1.395762 2.116
795 26.944 1.309914 1.352046 2.134
800 27.971 0.337371 1.08078 2.100
805 26.993 1.369489 1.37072 2.038
810 26.695 1.721272 1.486371 2.007
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
815 26.636 1.833723 1.52536 1.980
820 26.743 1.779848 1.506554 1.862
825 27.399 1.17665 1.311188 1.795
830 27.341 1.287133 1.344972 1.796
835 27.287 1.393301 1.378257 1.807
840 27.353 1.379157 1.373775 1.817
845 27.128 1.655705 1.464099 1.775
850 27.159 1.67595 1.47094 1.754
855 28.015 0.870894 1.222051 1.754
860 27.83 1.10654 1.290191 1.697
865 26.77 2.216893 1.666055 1.679
870 27.715 1.321956 1.3558 1.680
875 27.195 1.891732 1.545871 1.679
880 27.675 1.461225 1.399982 1.671
885 27.619 1.566437 1.434312 1.655
890 27.769 1.465371 1.401319 1.614
895 27.713 1.570032 1.4355 1.622
900 28.232 1.099421 1.288078 1.663
905 27.881 1.498543 1.412064 1.663
910 28.41 1.017399 1.263979 1.671
915 28.179 1.295993 1.347719 1.663
920 28.123 1.399328 1.380171 1.638
925 28.061 1.508406 1.415274 1.663
930 28.17 1.44623 1.395157 1.688
935 27.943 1.719803 1.485868 1.671
940 28.171 1.538128 1.424993 1.646
945 28.574 1.181207 1.312565 1.679
950 28.597 1.204043 1.319485 1.697
955 28.615 1.231639 1.327895 1.716
960 28.728 1.163996 1.307373 1.688
965 29.45 0.487118 1.118695 1.707
970 29.563 0.419006 1.101287 1.707
975 30 0.026664 1.006158 1.725
980 30.517 -0.44591 0.902421 1.805
985 30.669 -0.5537 0.880298 1.899
990 30.351 -0.19172 0.956814 1.911
995 29.918 0.285033 1.067833 1.925
1000 30.69 -0.44343 0.902936 2.038
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
CALCULATIONS
EMISSIONS TESTING
Individual calibration data for the log periodic antenna is supplied at
appropriate distances (3, and 10 meter) to comply with various emissions test
requirements. For emissions measurements, add antenna factor plus cable
loss to receiver reading in dBV to convert to field strength in dBV/meter.
Fie d Strength(dBuV/m) = SA(dBuV) + AF(dB/m) + cab e oss (dB)
SA = Spectrum Analyzer or eceiver voltage reading
AF = Antenna Correction Factor
CL = Cable Loss in dB
IMMUNITY TESTING
For Immunity measurements, the generated electric field strength can be
calculated by:
FS = Approximate Field Strength in (V/m)
P = Power in watts
g = Numeric Gain
d = Distance in meters
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
TYPICAL CONVE SION FO MULAS
LOG -> LINEAR VOLTAGE FIELD STRENGTH & POWER DENSITY
dBV to Volts V = 10 ((dBV – 120) / 20) dBV/m to V/m V/m = 10 (((dBV/m) -120) / 20)
Volts to dBV dBV = 20 log(V) + 120 V/m to dBV/m dBV/m = 20 log(V/m) + 120
dBV to Volts V = 10 (dBV / 20) dBV/m to dBmW/m2dBmW/m2 = dBV/m – 115.8
Volts to dBV dBV = 20log(V) dBmW/m2 to dBV/m dBV/m = dBmW/m2 + 115.8
dBV to dBV dBV = dBV +120 dBV/m to dBA/m dBA/m = dBV/m – 51.5
dBV to dBV dBV = dBV - 120 dBA/m to dBV/m dBV/m = dBA + 51.5
LOG -> LINEAR CURRENT dBA/m to dBpT DBpT = dBA/m + 2
dBA to uA A = 10 (dBA / 20) dBpT to dBA/m dBA/m = dBpT – 2
A to dBA dBA = 20 log(A) W/m2 to V/m V/m = SQ T(W/m2 * 377)
dBA to A A = 10 (dBA / 20) V/m to W/m2W/m2 = (V/m)2 / 377
A to dBA dBA = 20log(A) T to A/m A/m = T / 1.25
dBA to dBA dBA = dBA + 120 A/m to TT = 1.25 * A/m
dBA to dBA dBA = dBA -120 E-FIELD ANTENNAS
LOG -> LINEAR POWER Correction Factor dBV/m = dBV + AF
dBm to Watts W = 10((dBm – 30)/10) Field Strength V/m = 30 * watts * Gain numeric
meters
Watts to dBm dBm = 10log(W) + 30 equired Power Watts = (V/m * meters)2
30 * Gain numeric
dBW to Watts W = 10(dBW / 10) LOOP ANTENNAS
Watts to dBW dBW = 10log(W) Correction Factors dBA/m = dBV + AF
dBW to dBm dBm = dBW + 30 Assumed E-field for
shielded loops
dBV/m = dBA/m + 51.5
dBm to dBW dBW = dBm - 30 dBpT = dBV + dBpT/V
TERM CONVERSIONS
dBm to dBVdBV = dBm + 107 (50)
dB  V = dBm + 10log(Z) + 90
CURRENT PROBES
dBV to dBm dBm = dBV – 107 (50)
dBm = dB  V – 10log(Z) – 90
Correction Factor dBA = dBV – dB(ohm)
dBm to dBA dBA = dBm – 73 (50)
dB  A = dBm – 10log(Z) + 90
Power needed for injection probe given voltage(V) into
50 load and Probe Insertion Loss (IL)
dBA to dBm dBm = dBA + 73 (50)
dBm = dB  A + 10log(Z) – 90
Watts = 10 ((IL + 10log(V2/50))/10)
dBA to dBV dBV = dBA + 34 (50)
dB  V = dB  A + 20log(Z)
dBV to dBA dBA = dBV – 34 (50)
dB  A = dB  V – 20log(Z)
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE P OCEDU ES
Proper antenna maintenance should include:
Visual inspection of F connectors
Check for bent and loose elements
Check for loose or missing hardware
Corrosion near the element joints
At least once a month it is a good idea to wipe down the antenna with a damp
rag.
ANNUAL CALIB ATION
To ensure reliable and repeatable long-term performance, annual re-calibration
of your antennas, preamplifiers and current probes by A.H. Systems
experienced technicians is recommended. Our staff can calibrate almost any
type or brand of antenna.
It is always up to the user to determine the appropriate interval for calibration
certification based on the requirements of the end users specific
test/application. The calibration of EMC antennas is important for those
conforming to compatibility standard. adiated emissions testing for
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requires the measurement of electric field
(E-field) strength, which is compared with a limit level. The output voltage of an
antenna is converted to E-field strength via its antenna factor, the measurement
of which must include the uncertainty components related to that particular
antenna, taking into consideration the environment in which the antenna is to be
used for the testing. Most standards will specify the appropriate interval for re-
calibration of your EMC antenna.
In some cases these antennas are used for a manufacturers pre-compliance
testing, field monitoring, surveillance and/or other applications where the exact
field intensity of the received signal is not of importance. For those customers a
yearly re-calibration is not necessary, however it is recommended that an
interval for maintenance be performed.
For more information about our calibration services or to place an order for
antenna calibration visit our website at http://www.AHSystems.com
or call 1(818) 998-0223.
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A.H. Systems SAS-545 Biconical Antenna
WA ANTY INFO MATION
A.H. Systems Inc., warrants that our Antennas, Sensors and Probes will be free from
defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years. All other products
delivered under contract will be warranted for a period of two (2) years. Damage caused
by excessive signals at the product's input is not covered under the warranty. A.H.
Systems' obligation under this warranty shall be limited to repairing or replacing, F.O.B.
Chatsworth, California, each part of the product which is defective, provided that the
buyer gives A.H. Systems notice of such defect within the warranty period commencing
with the delivery of the product by A.H. Systems.
The remedy set forth herein shall be the only remedy available to the buyer, and in no
event shall A.H. Systems be liable for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential
damages.
This warranty shall not apply to any part of the product which, without fault of A.H.
Systems has been subject to alteration, failure caused by a part not supplied by A.H.
Systems, accident, fire or other casualty, negligence, misuse or normal wear of
materials.
Except for the warranty set forth above, there are no other warranties, expressed or
implied, with respect to the condition of the product or it's suitability for the use intended
for them by the buyer.
For prompt service, please contact our service department for a eturn Material
Authorization Number before shipping equipment back to us.
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