Akytec TRM210 User manual

akYtec GmbH · Vahrenwalder Str. 269 A · 30179 Hannover · Germany · Tel.: [phone] ·www.akytec.de
TRM210
PID controller
User guide
TRM210_2018.04_0240_EN
© All rights reserved
Subject to technical changes and misprints

akYtec GmbH · Vahrenwalder Str. 269 A · 30179 Hannover · Germany · Tel.: [phone] · www.akytec.de
1
Contents
1Overview..........................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Documentation..........................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Functions...................................................................................................................................................3
1.3 RS485 network..........................................................................................................................................3
1.4 Ordering information .................................................................................................................................4
2Specifications.................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Environmental conditions..........................................................................................................................6
3Safety...............................................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Intended use..............................................................................................................................................7
4Installation.......................................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Requirements............................................................................................................................................8
4.2 Mounting....................................................................................................................................................8
5Wiring ..............................................................................................................................................................9
5.1 General......................................................................................................................................................9
5.2 Inputs.......................................................................................................................................................10
5.2.1 Linear signals...................................................................................................................................10
5.3 Outputs....................................................................................................................................................11
5.3.1 Relay outputs (R).............................................................................................................................11
5.3.2 NPN transistor (T)............................................................................................................................11
5.3.3 TRIAC (C) ........................................................................................................................................11
5.3.4 Solid state relay (S)..........................................................................................................................12
5.3.5 Analog 4-20 mA (I)...........................................................................................................................12
5.3.6 Analog 0-10 V (U) ............................................................................................................................12
6Operation and Configuration ......................................................................................................................13
6.1 Control elements.....................................................................................................................................13
6.2 Principle of operation ..............................................................................................................................14
6.3 Configuration...........................................................................................................................................15
6.4 Temperature sensor................................................................................................................................15
6.5 Linear signal............................................................................................................................................15
6.6 Filter ........................................................................................................................................................16
6.7 Correction................................................................................................................................................17
6.8 Digital input..............................................................................................................................................17
6.9 Setpoint limits..........................................................................................................................................18
6.10 Control modes .....................................................................................................................................18
6.10.1 Control type......................................................................................................................................18
6.10.2 Control function................................................................................................................................18
6.10.3 “Quickly to SP” mode.......................................................................................................................18
6.10.4 Control hysteresis ............................................................................................................................19

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6.11 PID-control...........................................................................................................................................19
6.11.1 Deadband ........................................................................................................................................20
6.11.2 Setpoint Ramp .................................................................................................................................20
6.12 Outputs ................................................................................................................................................20
6.12.1 Output signal limitation.....................................................................................................................20
6.12.2 Output pulse period..........................................................................................................................20
6.13 Signal retransmission ..........................................................................................................................21
6.14 Alarm ...................................................................................................................................................21
6.14.1 Range Alarm....................................................................................................................................21
6.14.2 Loop Break Alarm............................................................................................................................23
6.14.3 Safe state.........................................................................................................................................23
6.15 Stop state.............................................................................................................................................24
6.16 RS485 network settings.......................................................................................................................24
6.17 Factory settings ...................................................................................................................................24
6.18 Calibration............................................................................................................................................24
7Control...........................................................................................................................................................25
7.1 General....................................................................................................................................................25
7.2 Stand-alone control.................................................................................................................................25
7.3 Autotuning...............................................................................................................................................25
7.4 Manual Tuning.........................................................................................................................................26
7.5 Manual Control........................................................................................................................................26
7.6 Control over Network ..............................................................................................................................26
7.7 Error ........................................................................................................................................................27
8Maintenance..................................................................................................................................................28
9Transportation and storage.........................................................................................................................29
10 Scope of delivery..........................................................................................................................................30
Appendix A Dimensions ...................................................................................................................................31
Appendix B Configuration parameters............................................................................................................32
Appendix C Modbus register............................................................................................................................36
Appendix D Error causes and remedies .........................................................................................................39

Overview
akYtec GmbH · Vahrenwalder Str. 269 A · 30179 Hannover · Germany Tel.: [phone] · www.akytec.de
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1 Overview
This guide describes the functions, system configuration, operating instructions, pro-
gramming and troubleshooting of the PID controller TRM210 (hereinafter referred to as
TRM210, device or controller).
1.1 Documentation
Data sheet (PDF document to download)
Data sheet contains general information, ordering information and technical data needed
for purchase decision.
Short guide (PDF document to download / printed document in the box)
Short guide contains the most important information about installation, wiring, configura-
tion and operation of the device.
User guide (PDF document to download)
User guide contains the complete information about the device.
Modbus access (PDF document to download / printed document in the box)
The document contains the information about the Modbus functions and the Modbus
register allocation of the device.
All PDF documents can be downloaded from www.akytec.de.
1.2 Functions
The PID controller TRM210 is designed for creating automatic control and regulation
systems of various technological processes in different areas of industry, agriculture and
utilities.
The controller provides following basic functions:
– measuring of the process value and its transformation according to the sensor type
– displaying the process values and configuration parameters on two 4-digit LED dis-
plays
– scaling and filtering of input signal
– signal correction
– PID control (pulse or analog) or on-off control
– autotuning function
– stand-alone control
– manual control
–network control (RS485 interface) with akYtec, Modbus-RTU and Modbus-ASCII
protocols as a Slave
– signal retransmission using analog output 4-20 mA or 0-10 V
– alarm output
– sensor / input error and Loop Break Alarm detection
– error indication
– remote start/stop using digital input
– configuration via the functional keys
1.3 RS485 network
The TRM210 uses the common standard RS485 for data exchange.
Serial interface RS485 enables communication via two-wired line in half-duplex mode.
The device supports the Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII and akYtec protocols with auto-
matic protocol detection.

Overview
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The network consists of a Master device and can contain up to 32 Slave devices. Maxi-
mum length is 1200 m. The number of Slave devices and network length can be in-
creased by using RS485 interface repeater.
Devices are connected to a network according to linear (bus) topology. It means that the
line goes from the first device to the second one, from the second one to the third one,
etc. Star connection and spur lines are not allowed.
Line reflections always occur at each of the two ends of the bus (the first and the last
node). The higher the data transmission rate, the stronger the reflections are. A terminat-
ing resistor is needed to minimize reflections. 150 ohm (0.5 W) resistor can be used as a
line termination.
The TRM210 can only be used as a Slave device. PLC, computer with SCADA software
or device can be used as a Master device.
To establish the communication via Modbus see section 7.6.
1.4 Ordering information
The TRM210 can be ordered in different variants depending on the required housing and
output type.
Housing:
H1 - panel mount (96 x 96 x 70 mm)
H2 - panel mount (96 x 48 x 100 mm)
H3 - wall mount (105 x 130 x 65 mm)
Outputs:
R - Relay
T - NPN transistor
C - TRIAC
S - Solid state relay
I - 4-20 mA
U - 0-10 V

Specifications
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2 Specifications
Table 2.1 General Specifications
Power supply
230 (90…245) V AC, 50 (47…63) Hz
Power consumption, max.
6 VA
Analog input
1
Input resistance
4-20 mA
external resistor R
IN
= 100 ohm (in parallel)
0-1 V
≥ 100 kohm
Digital input
1
ON resistance
< 1 kohm
OFF resistance
> 100 kohm
Optional output
2
Sampling rate, max.
1 s
RS485 interface
Terminals
D+, D-
Protocols
Modbus RTU/ASCII, akYtec
Baud rate
2.4…115.2 kbit/s
Cable
Shielded twisted pair (STP)
Enclosure
H1
H2
H3
Dimension, mm
96 x 96 x 70
96 x 48 x 100
105 x 130 x 65
IP Code
front IP54
front IP54
IP44
Table 2.2 Linear signals
Signal type Measurement range, % Accuracy, %
0-1 V
0…100
±0.5
-50…+50 mV
0…100
0-5 mA
0…100
0-20 mA
0…100
4-20 mA
0…100
Table 2.3 Temperature sensors
Signal typeMeasurement range, °C
Temperature
coefficient, °C
-1
Accuracy, %
RTD according to IEC 60751:2008
Pt50
–200…+750
0.00385 ±0.25
Pt100
–200…+750
RTD according to GOST 6651
50P
-200...+750
0.00391
±0.25
50M
-190…+200
0.00428
Cu50
-50…+200
0.00426
100P
-200...+750
0.00391
100M
-190…+200
0.00428
Cu100
-50…+200
0.00426
53M
–50…+200
0,00426
46P
–200…+750
0,00428
TC according to IEC 60584-1:2013
J
-200…+1200
-
±0.5
N
-200…+1300
-
К
-200…+1300
-
S
0…+1750
-
R
0…+1750
-
A
0…+2500
-

Specifications
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Signal typeMeasurement range, °C
Temperature
coefficient, °C
-1
Accuracy, %
T
–200…+400
-
B
+200…+1800
TC according to GOST 8.585
L
-200…+800
-
±0.5
A-2
0…+1800
-
A-3
0…+1800
-
Table 2.4 Optional outputs
Ordering
code
Output type Loading capacity
R Relay
1 A (PID control) / 8 A (alarm)
30 V DC / 230 V AC, cos φ ≥ 0.4
T
NPN transistor
200 mA, 40 V DC
C TRIAC
50 mA, 240 V AC (constant operation)
0.5 A (f ≤50 Hz, pulse duration ≤ 5 ms)
S
Solid state relay
100 mA, 4…6 V DC
I
4-20 mA
10…36 V, max. 1 kohm
U
0-10 V
15…36 V, min. 2 kohm
2.1 Environmental conditions
The device is designed for natural convection cooling that should be taken into account
when choosing the installation site.
The following environment conditions must be met:
– clean, dry and controlled environment, low dust level
– closed non-hazardous areas, free of corrosive or flammable gases
Table 2.5
Conditions Permissible range
Ambient temperature
+1…+50°C
Storage temperature
-25…+55°C
Relative humidity
up to 80% (at +35°C, non-condensing)
Altitude
up to 2000 m above sea level

Safety
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3 Safety
Explanation of the symbols and keywords used:
DANGER
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in minor or moderate injury
►
NOTICE
NOTICE indicates a potentially harmful situation which, if not avoided, may result in
damage of the product itself or of adjacent objects.
3.1 Intended use
The device has been designed and built solely for the intended use described in this
guide, and may only be used accordingly. The technical specifications contained in this
guide must be observed.
The device may be operated only in properly installed condition.
Improper use
Any other use is considered improper. Especially to note:
– This device should not be used for medical devices which receive, control or other-
wise affect human life or physical health.
– The device should not be used in an explosive environment.
– The device should not be used in an atmosphere with chemically active substance.

Installation
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4 Installation
CAUTION
Improper installation
Improper installation can cause serious or minor injuries and device damage.
Installation must be performed only by fully qualified personnel.
The device is designed in a plastic enclosure for panel or wall mounting. For the dimen-
sion drawings see Appendix A.
4.1 Requirements
– Install the device in a cabinet with clean, dry and controlled environment. For further
details see 2.1.
– The device is designed for natural convection cooling that should be taken into ac-
count when choosing the installation site.
– The seal contact surface must be clean and smooth, so that the IP54 protection (for
H1 and H2) can be provided.
– The device can be placed at any angle.
– Maximum panel thickness is 15 mm.
4.2 Mounting
Mounting procedure for panel mount (H1 or H2 housing):
– prepare the mounting cutout for H1 (Fig. A.1) or H2 (Fig.
A.2 and Fig. 4.1) housing
– make sure that the device is provided with the mounting
seal
– fit the device into the cutout
– insert the 2 fastening clips into the slots on the sides of the
device
– insert the screws and tighten them to fix the device
Mounting procedure for wall mount (H3):
– prepare three drilled holes according to Fig. A.3
– fix the triangle mounting bracket to the wall using three
М4x20 screws (not included) (see Fig. А.3 and Fig. 4.2a)
– hook the angle bracket on the back of the device on the
upper edge of the triangle bracket (Fig. 4.2b)
– fix the device to the triangle bracket with the screw sup-
plied (Fig. 4.2c)
Fig. 4.1 Panel mount
a)
b)
c)
Fig. 4.2 Wall mount

Wiring
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5 Wiring
DANGER
Dangerous voltage
Electric shock could kill or seriously injure.
All electrical connections must be performed by a fully qualified electrician.
Ensure that the mains voltage matches the voltage marked on the nameplate.
Ensure that the device is provided with its own power supply line and electric
fuse.
WARNING Switch on the power supply only after wiring of the device has been completed.
WARNING
Terminals 1…8 for connecting power supply and outputs are designed for a max-
imum voltage of 250 V. Don’t apply voltage above 250 V to the terminals 1...8 to
avoid an insulation breakdown or flashover. Different phases are not allowed.
5.1 General
– The layout of terminal blocks is shown in Fig. 5.1 and the terminal assignments in
Table 5.1
– Ensure that the device is provided with its own power supply line and electric fuse I =
0.5 A
– Connect the power supply to the terminals L / N
– The inputs should be wired in accordance with Fig. 5.1
– The outputs should be wired in accordance with Fig. 5.2...5.8
– The maximum conductor cross-section is 1.5 mm²
►
NOTICE
Signal cables should be routed separately or screened from the supply cables.
Only a shielded cable may be used for signal lines.
– Connect the RS485 lines to terminals D+ and D-.
– Twisted pair cable should be used for the connection to RS485 interface. Maximal
cable length is 1200 m.
Fig. 5.1 Terminal block layout
OUTPUT 1 OUTPUT 2
RTD
t C
TC
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
INPUT 1
D+ D-
RS485
IN
R
230 V AC
INPUT 2
START/
STOP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
o

Wiring
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Table 5.1 Terminal assignment
No
Designation
Description
1
N
Power supply
230 V AC
2
L
3
Output 1 see 5.2
4
5
6
Output 2 see 5.2
7
8
9
Input 1
+ (three-wire RTD)
10
+
11
-
12
Input 2
DI
13
not connected
14
DI
15
D+
RS485
16
D-
5.2 Inputs
Supported signals (see Table 2.2 and 2.3):
– Thermocouple (TC)
– Resistance thermometer (RTD)
– Linear current / voltage signal
Table 5.2 Sensor cables
Sensor type
Cable length,
max.
Resistance
(per wire), max. Cable type
RTD 100 m 15 ohm
Equal length and cross-
section, (2- or 3-wire)
TC
20 m
100 ohm
Compensation cable
Current signal
100 m
100 ohm
2-wire
Voltage signal
100 m
5 ohm
2-wire
– Use wires of equal length and cross section when connecting RTD
– Use a thermocouple cable when connecting TC
– Thermocouple sensing junctions of both inputs must be isolated from each other and
from the grounded equipment
– Cold junction compensation (CJC) is provided.
5.2.1 Linear signals
Connect the current or voltage signal according to Fig. 5.1. An auxiliary voltage source is
needed.
►
NOTICE
To measure a current signal a shunt resistor R
IN
= 100 ohm (±1%) should be con-
nected in parallel.
Voltage signal can be connected directly to the input terminals.
►
NOTICE The auxiliary voltage must not exceed 36 V

Wiring
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5.3 Outputs
Optional outputs (see Table 2.4):
– Relay
– NPN transistor
– TRIAC
– Solid state relay
– Analog 4-20 mA
– Analog 0-10 V
5.3.1 Relay outputs (R)
Fig. 5.2 Relay output
5.3.2 NPN transistor (T)
The NPN transistor outputs of T type are designed to control low voltage relay up to 60 V
DC / 400 mA.
►
NOTICE
As a precaution against inadvertent current reversal on the output, a parallel diode
(Imax = 1 A, Umax=100 V) is usually included in the output circuit.
Fig. 5.3 NPN transistor outputs
5.3.3 TRIAC (C)
The resistor R1 (5…20 kohm) is used to limit the load current.
►
NOTICE
To protect thyristors and TRIACs from overload a RC protect circuit should be
connected in parallel to load: R2 (47…68 ohm) and C1 (0.1 x 630 V).
Fig. 5.4 Power TRIAC connection
5
4
3
5
4
3
+
_
K1
VD1
5
4
3

Wiring
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Fig. 5.5 Inverse-parallel connection of two thyristors
5.3.4 Solid state relay (S)
The logic output of S type is designed to control solid state relay with rating voltage 4…6
V DC and current up to 100 mA.
Fig. 5.6 SSR output
5.3.5 Analog 4-20 mA (I)
For the current output an external voltage source is required.
►
NOTICE
The auxiliary voltage must not exceed 36 V
The output is designed for maximal load resistance of 1 kohm.
Fig. 5.7 4-20 mA output
5.3.6 Analog 0-10 V (U)
An external power supply is required for analog output 0-10 V
►
NOTICE
The auxiliary voltage must not exceed 36 V.
The output is designed for minimal load resistance of 2 kohm.
Fig. 5.8 0-10 V output
5
4
3
3
4
5
100 ohm
+6 V Solid state
relay
DAC
4-20 mA
5
4
3
DAC
0-10 V
5
4
3
V
+
_

Operation and Configuration
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6 Operation and Configuration
6.1 Control elements
The device is designed in a plastic enclosure for panel or wall mounting, depending on
the model. The indicators and control elements are located on the front side of the device.
Fig. 6.1 Front view (H2 housing)
The operation of the device can be controlled with two 4-digit displays, three buttons and
eight LEDs on the front panel. The indicators inform the operator about the controller and
output status. Displays show following information:
Table 6.1 Displays
Display Mode Displayed information
Upper display
(red)
Operation Process value
Configuration Parameter name
Menu “MENU”
Error Error name
Lower display
(green)
Operation Setpoint
Configuration Parameter value
Menu Parameter group
For display functions during the configuring see section 6.3 “Configuration”.
Table 6.2 Indicators
LED Indication Description
OUT1
lights
Output 1 is ON
OUT2 lights Output 2 is ON
ALR blinks Alarm is activated
LBA blinks Loop Break Alarm is activated
STOP
lights
Control is stopped by user
blinks
Control is stopped due to a hardware error or LBA
AT
lights
Autotuning in progress
blinks
Autotuning failure
COM flashes for 0.1 s on data transmission
MAN lights Manual control is activated
OUT1 OUT2 COM
ALR LBA MAN
STOP
AT
TRM210

Operation and Configuration
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Table 6.3 Function keys
Key Description
Increase value or menu navigation
Decrease value or menu navigation
Press > 3 s
–enter the configuration mode
–exit the parameter group
Press < 1 s:
–enter the parameter group
–save the parameter and go the next one
+ + Passcode access
+ Modify the decimal part of parameter (Configuration)
+ Go back to modify the integer part of parameter
(Configuration)
6.2 Principle of operation
Fig. 6.2 Block diagram
The device has one control channel with one analog input. The digital input has only one
function i.e. Remote start/stop (see 6.8).
In the control mode the analog input is continuously sampled, the signal is converted
according to the selected sensor type (in-t parameter, see Table B.1) and the measured
value is displayed and processed according to the input settings.
The Control Unit analyses the input value and generates the control signal on the Output
1. The Output 2 is used for alarm or signal retransmission.
The device can be ordered with analog or digital outputs (see 1.4 “Ordering information”).
Output 1
Pulse control
Analog control
Alarm
Retransmission
RS485
TRM210
Control unit
ON / OFF
PID control
Alarm
Input value exceeds
alarm limits
Loop Break Alarm
Input 1
Input 2
Scaling Digital filter
Input correction
Digital
0-10V / 4-20mA
Output 2
Digital
0-10V / 4-20mA

Operation and Configuration
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6.3 Configuration
In the system menu the parameters are divided into 5 groups: LvoP, iniT,Adv, Comm
and LmAn (Fig. 6.3).
The full list of the programmable parameters is given in Table B.1.
The parameters are saved in the memory registers according to the Table C.3.
Fig. 6.3 Parameter groups
–LvoP – operation parameters (Process value, Setpoint, Current output signal,
Remote Start/Stop, Autotuning), displayed at the device start
–init – basic settings
–Adv – advanced settings / LBA
–Comm – RS485 network settings
–LmAn – Manual control settings
To use the functional keys in Configuration refer to Table 6.3.
6.4 Temperature sensor
The signal from the resistance thermometer or thermocouple is converted according to
the sensor curve for the selected sensor. The type of the connected sensor should be set
in the parameter in-t (Sensor).
When the RTD or TC is used, the displayed accuracy for the measured temperature can
be set in the parameter dPt (Decimal point displayed). The parameter is not available in
the menu for sensors with the linear output. For the thermocouples with the upper limit
above 1000°C is recommended to set dPt = 1, for other temperature sensors dPt = 0.
When the thermocouple is used, Cold junction compensation (CJC) enables precise tem-
perature measurement. The reference junction sensor is located near the input terminals.
The function is active by default. It should be deactivated only during the calibration. Set
the parameter wXC (Calibration parameters) to OFF to disable this function.
6.5 Linear signal
There are additional functions for linear signal processing: decimal point position and
scaling.
When a linear sensor is used, the accuracy can be set in the parameter dP (Decimal
point). For temperature sensors the parameter dP = 1 and is not available in the menu.
Note: The parameter dP affects other parameters (see Table B.1).
The measurement range can be defined in the parameters:
in-L – signal lower limit
in-H – signal upper limit
Operation Advanced
settings / LBA
Basic settings Manual
control
RS485 network
Power on
PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG
> 3 s
PROG > 3 s
PROG > 3 s
PROG > 3 s
PROG > 3 s
PROG

Operation and Configuration
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If in-L < in-H, then
  =–+(– − –)∗(−  )
 − 
If in-L > in-H, then
  =–−(– − –)∗(−  )
 − 
where Smax – max. input signal (for example, 20 for 4-20 mA signal)
Smin – min. input signal (for example, 4 for 4-20 mA signal)
Si – current signal value
Note:
After the Signal limits are set so that in-L > in-H, the Setpoint limits SL-L, SL-H and the
Retransmission limits An-L, An-H (init group) have to be set again (see 6.9, 6.12)
6.6 Filter
The digital filter consists of two stages.
1. The Comparator is used at the first stage to detect apparent "gaps" or "outliers"
in the input signal. The Filter bandwidth for the comparator should be specified in the
parameter Fb in measuring units within the range 0…9999. The filter is disabled if the
bandwidth is set to 0.
The difference between the last two measurements Tiand Ti-1 is determined and com-
pared with the bandwidth. If the difference exceeds the bandwidth, the last measurement
Tiwill be replaced with the (Ti-1 + Fb) and the bandwidth will be doubled to smooth the
characteristic curve. A smaller filter bandwidth slows down the response to input signal
variations (Fig. 6.4).
It is recommended to increase the filter bandwidth or disable the parameter when a low
level of interference or rapidly varying process.
If the process signal has high interferences, decrease the bandwidth to reduce the impact
on the process.
Fig. 6.4 Filter bandwidth
2. The Damping with the parameter inF is used at the second stage. The filter time
constant can be set within the range 1…999 seconds. The higher the value, the higher
the noise resistance and the slower the output response are. When the value is set to 0,
the damping is deactivated.
without filter
with filter
t, s
T, °C
Fb
Ti-1
Ti
ti-1 ti
ti

Operation and Configuration
akYtec GmbH · Vahrenwalder Str. 269 A · 30179 Hannover · Germany Tel.: [phone] · www.akytec.de
17
Fig. 6.5 Filter time constant
6.7 Correction
The sensor characteristic curve can be corrected by the user. Two correction parameters,
Offset and Slope, are provided:
– Offset can be set in the parameter SH in measuring units in the range of
-500.0…+500.0 to correct the sensor initial error.
– Slope can be set in the parameter KU within the range 0.5…2.0.
Set the correction parameters SH and KU if necessary. When the resistance thermome-
ter in 2-wire connection is used, Offset should be set to compensate the sensor line re-
sistance.
Fig. 6.6 Offset
Fig. 6.7Slope
6.8 Digital input
The control process can be stopped or started with a switch connected to the digital input
(see Fig. 6.2). The parameter Ev-1 (Digital Input Function) specifies whether the function
Remote start/stop with a closed or an open contact is active.
Ev-1 = nonE – digital input inactive
Ev-1 = n-o – control start with an open contact, control stop with a closed contact
Ev-1 = n-C – control start with a closed contact, control stop with an open contact
Note: If Ev-1 ≠ nonE, the parameter r-S is not available in the menu, only the remote
start/stop is enabled.
The logical state of the digital input depends on the contact resistance:
– Open contact resistance: < 1 kohm
T
, °C
20
020 40 60 80 100
40
60
80
100
T , °C
without correction
with correction
T=T +SH
SH = 10 °C
∆ T
M
M
M
T, °C
20
020 40 60 80 100
40
60
80
100
T , °C
T=T *KU
M
M
without correction
with correction

Operation and Configuration
akYtec GmbH · Vahrenwalder Str. 269 A · 30179 Hannover · Germany Tel.: [phone] · www.akytec.de
18
– Closed contact resistance: > 100 kohm
If these requirements are not observed, the state of the digital input is undefined.
The indicator STOP lights if the control is stopped.
6.9 Setpoint limits
The valid range for the setpoint SP is limited by the Setpoint limits SL-L and SL-H.
The Setpoint limits are limited too. They can assume the values only within the measure-
ment range for the selected sensor.
Note:
The parameters SP, SL-L, SL-H, An-L, An-H can assume the values above 1000°С for
the thermocouples with the upper limit above 1000°C. In this case the value is displayed
on the lower display without decimal part but with the flashing point after the last digit:
[1 0 0 0 .]. The flashing point indicates that the number has a decimal part.
To display and to modify the decimal part press the + keys, then [- - - . 0]
will be displayed. To modify the decimal part press the or keys. To go back
to the integer part press the + keys.
6.10 Control modes
The setpoint SP should be set as the main control parameter. For further details see 6.9
“Setpoint limits” and 6.10.6 “Setpoint Ramp”.
The control procedure depends on the output type and can be set in the parameters de-
scribed below (see 6.10.1-6.10.6).
6.10.1 Control type
CntL = Pid – PID control
CntL = onoF – on-off control
Note: If Control is started, the parameter CntL is not available in the menu. The parame-
ter can be only modified when the control process is stopped:
– in the menu by setting r-S = StoP, if the parameter Ev-1 “DI function” is set to nonE
– by switching the digital input, if the parameter Ev-1 “DI function” is set to n-o or n-C
(see 6.8).
6.10.2 Control function
One of the following control functions (orEU) can be selected:
orEU= or-r – Heating
orEU= or-d – Cooling
– Function “Heating” is used to control the heating process or to generate an alarm
signal if the process value Pv is below the setpoint SP. The output is activated when
the Pv < (SP.– HYSt) and deactivated when Pv > (SP + HYSt).
– Function “Cooling” is used to control the cooling process or to generate an alarm
signal if the process value Pv is above the setpoint SP. The output is activated when
the Pv > (SP + HYSt) and deactivated when Pv< (SP – HYSt).
6.10.3 “Quickly to SP” mode
This mode enables to reach the setpoint with the maximum speed and minimum over-
shoot. To activate the mode set the parameter rAmP = ON.
Note: Before activating the mode “Quickly to SP” Autotuning should be carried out (see
7.3).

Operation and Configuration
akYtec GmbH · Vahrenwalder Str. 269 A · 30179 Hannover · Germany Tel.: [phone] · www.akytec.de
19
6.10.4 Control hysteresis
The Control hysteresis HYSt (Adv group) is a configurable parameter for output types R,
T, C, S (see Fig. 6.8) in the on-off control mode.
Fig. 6.8Heating (a) and Cooling (b)
The Control hysteresis (HYSt) can be set within the range 0.0…999.9 ºС for temperature
sensors (RTD or TC) and within the range 0…9999 for linear signals.
6.11 PID-control
PID control can be used (CntL = Pid) with all types of output.
The controller generates the control signal on the output to reduce the deviation between
the process value Pv and the setpoint SP. The control signal depends on:
– P-component – defined by the proportional band constant, that multi-
plies the deviation (Pv – SP)
– I-component – defined by the integral time constant, the time required
by the integral component to generate the output equivalent to the proportional com-
ponent
– D-component – defined by the derivative time constant, the time re-
quired by the proportional component P to repeat the output provided by the deriva-
tive component D
For efficient operation of the PID controller it is necessary to set correct values of the
coefficients P, iand dfor the specific control object. They can be defined by using Auto-
tuning (see 7.3) or Manual Tuning (see 7.4).
One of the control functions, Heating or Cooling, should be selected in the parameter
orEU (see Fig. 6.9).
Heating – output signal decreases with the increase of the process value
Cooling – output signal increases with the increase of the process value
Fig 6.9Control function
Output
ON
OFF
a)
b)
ON
OFF
HYSt HYSt
T
T