Alsim AL50 Technical specifications

Flight Manual
AL50/MPG5
Alsim
19/1/2007

AL50/MPG5
Table of Contents
0-1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-7
0-2 REVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-7
1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 1-1
1-1 EMERGENCY STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
2 GENERAL 2-1
2-1 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2-2 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2-3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-1 SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-2 DISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-3 MASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-4 VOLUME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-5 VOLUME/MASS RELATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-6 PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-7 TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
3 LIMITATIONS 3-1
3-1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3-2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3-3 AIR SPEED INDICATOR MARKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-5 STARTER LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-6 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3-7 WEIGHT LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3-8 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3-9 MANEUVER LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
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3-10 CREW LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3-11 FUEL LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3-12 EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
4 NORMAL PROCEDURES 4-1
4-1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4-2 COCKPIT PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4-3 BEFORE ENGINE START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4-4 ENGINE START UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4-5 WARM-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4-6 BEFORE TAXI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4-7 TAXIING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4-8 ENGINE RUN-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4-9 BEFORE TAKE-OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4-10 NORMAL TAKE-OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4-11 CLIMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4-12 CRUISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4-13 DESCENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4-14 APPROACH AND LANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4-14-1 NORMAL LANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4-14-2 SHORT FIELD LANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4-15 GO-AROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4-16 AFTER LANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4-17 ENGINE SHUT-DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
4-18 PARKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
5 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 5-1
5-1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2 ENGINE INOPERATIVE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2-1 ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE OFF (Before Rotation) . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2-2 ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF (After Rotation) . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5-3 ENGINE POWER LOSS IN FLIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-4 POWER OFF LANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-5 ENGINE OVERHEATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
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5-6 OIL PRESSURE LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-7 FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5-7-1 ENGINE FIRE DURING START UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5-7-2 ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5-7-3 ELECTRIC FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5-8 ELECTRICAL FAILURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5-8-1 ALTERNATOR FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5-9 SPIN RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
6 PRESET VALUES FOR DIFFERENT FLIGHT PHASES 6-1
6-1 TAKE-OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6-2 CLIMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6-3 CRUISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6-4 CRUISE PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6-5 DESCENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6-6 HOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6-7 APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6-8 LANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
7 OVERVIEW OF THE COCKPIT 7-1
7-1 COCKPIT FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7-1-1 OPENING THE CABIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7-1-2 SEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7-1-3 LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7-1-4 START/STOP PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
7-1-5 HEADSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
7-2 FLIGHT DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
8 OPERATION OF THE SIMULATED AIRCRAFT’S SYSTEMS 8-1
8-1 FLIGHT CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
8-1-1 PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
8-1-2 SECONDARY FLIGHT CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
8-2 POWER PLANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
8-2-1 ENGINE AND PROPELLER CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
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8-2-2 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
8-3 STARTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
8-4 LANDING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
8-4-1 WHEEL BRAKES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
8-5 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
8-5-1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
8-5-2 VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
8-5-3 TURN AND BANK INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
8-5-4 ALTIMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
8-5-5 ATTITUDE INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
8-6 NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
8-6-1 ADF INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
8-6-2 HEADING INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
8-6-3 GYRO SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
8-6-4 MAGNETIC COMPASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
8-6-5 OBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
8-6-6 DME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
8-7 AVIONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
8-7-1 RADIO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
8-7-2 MARKER ANNUNCIATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
8-7-3 COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
8-8 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
8-8-1 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
8-8-2 ELECTRICAL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
8-9 FUEL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
8-9-1 FUEL QUANTITY INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
8-9-2 FUEL SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
8-9-3 ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
8-10 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
8-10-1 FLIGHT DIRECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
8-10-2 AUTOPILOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
8-10-3 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT DISENGAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36
8-11 ICE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
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8-11-1 PROPELLER DE-ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
8-11-2 PITOT HEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
8-12 LIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38
8-13 MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39
8-13-1 ANNUNCIATOR TEST SWITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39
8-13-2 STOPWATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40
8-13-3 BUG SELECTOR SWITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-41
9 Failure Reports and Modification Requests 9-1
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AL50/MPG5
c
2002-2005, Alsim
Disclosure of this information is restricted
This document is the sole property of Alsim customers. You shall agree not to disclose, reproduce
or transfer this document in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Alsim.
All product names mentioned in this manual may be registered trademarks and are recognized as
such, even if not expressly marked.
19/1/2007 0-6

AL50/MPG5 0-1. INTRODUCTION
0-1 INTRODUCTION
This is the flight manual for the Alsim Synthetic Training Device model AL50, serial number
A05G11, flight model MPG5. The flight modelling software is based on a single-engine aircraft
with fixed-pitch propeller and non-retractable landing gear.
This manual contains the information needed by the pilot to operate the trainer A05G11. The
procedures presented are the result of Alsim’s knowledge and experience up to the date of issue
of the manual or its latest revision. The manual is not intended to be a guide for basic flight
instruction or a training manual.
For information on the instructor station, please refer to the Instructor’s User Manual, for main-
tenance information to the Maintenance Manual.
Please address all comments, questions or suggestions to
Alsim Simulateurs
Z. I. No Bachelon
44430 Le Loroux Bottereau
France
Tel. [phone]
Fax. [phone]
E-Mail serv[email protected]
0-2 REVISIONS
Changes in hard- or software will lead to updates of this manual. Please replace the pages we will
send you and fill in the log of revisions. The pages of this manual are identified by date of issue
and page number (in the format chapter-page).
19/1/2007 0-7

AL50/MPG5 0-2. REVISIONS
LOG OF REVISIONS
Rev. Issue Date Reason for Revision Author Pages Revised
1 19/1/2007 Initial creation of document Alsim all
19/1/2007 0-8

AL50/MPG5
Chapter 1. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
1SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING: This Synthetic Training Device has been de-
signed for professional flight training. Whenever some-
body is “flying” it, an instructor trained in its use must
be present!
Assuming the trainer is installed correctly and in proper working order, there is only a minimum
of rules to follow:
CAUTION: Do not smoke, eat or drink in the cockpit or
at the instructor station!
For further safety information, on topics such as installation, moving or cleaning of the trainer,
please see the Maintenance Manual.
1-1 EMERGENCY STOP
There are two emergency stop buttons: One on the start/stop panel in the instructor station; the
second one is connected to the side of the cockpit by means of a cable and can be used either inside
or outside the cockpit.
E
M
E
R
G
E
N
C
Y
S
T
O
P
Emergency
stop :
PUSH TO STOP -
POWER OFF LOCKED
TURN & PULL BEFORE
START
Figure 1.1: Emergency Stop
In the case of an emergency, hit the button - the power supply to the trainer will be cut and
everything stops.
NOTE: Do not hit the emergency stop button “for fun”. It will
switch off everything, including the projectors, which may destroy
their lamps.
Have the problem solved before restarting the trainer.
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AL50/MPG5
Chapter 2. GENERAL
2GENERAL
Contents
2-1 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2-2 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . 2-2
2-3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-1 SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-2 DISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-3 MASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-4 VOLUME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-5 VOLUME/MASS RELATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-6 PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3-7 TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
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AL50/MPG5
Chapter 2. GENERAL
2-1. WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES
2-1 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES
Special statements in the Airplane Flight Manual concerning the safety or operation of the airplane
are highlighted. All three are presented indented and centered, cautions and warnings in bold print.
WARNING means that the non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to an immediate
or important degradation in flight safety.
CAUTION means that the non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to a minor or to
a more or less long term degradation in flight safety.
NOTE draws the attention to any special item not directly related to safety but which is important
or unusual.
2-2 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
This is not a complete list of all aeronautics terminology, but just an explanation of the terms used
in this manual.
AC Alternating current
ADF Automatic direction finding
ADI Attitude and direction indicator
AP Autopilot
ATC Air traffic control
CAS Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated speed of an aircraft, corrected for position and
instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at
sea level.
C/B Circuit breaker
DC Direct current
DME Distance measuring equipment
EGT Exhaust gas temperature
Feathered propeller Propeller blade at an angle which offers minimum drag and propeller ro-
tation is at or near zero.
FD Flight director
FNPT Flight Navigation and Procedures Trainer (ground-based training device which represents
the flight deck environment of a class of aeroplanes) - for details see the JAR-STD 3A
gAcceleration due to gravity
GNS Global Navigation System
HDG Heading
HSI Horizontal situation indicator
IAS Indicated Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft as shown on the airspeed indicator.
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AL50/MPG5
Chapter 2. GENERAL
2-2. SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
IFR Instrument flight rules
ILS Instrument landing system
ISA International Standard Atmosphere: 15˚C and 1013.2 hPa at MSL (mean sea level), with a
decrease of 6.5˚C per 1000 m of altitude from MSL to 11000 m.
ITT Interturbine temperature
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities
JAR STD 3A Joint Aviation Requirements regarding Aeroplane Flight & Navigation Procedures
Trainers
KCAS Calibrated airspeed in knots
KIAS Indicated airspeed in knots
mb millibar - unit for pressure (see below under “units”)
MSL Mean sea level
OAT Outside air temperature
OBI Omni-bearing indicator
OBS Omni-bearing selector
PAX Passenger
Pressure altitude Altitude measured from standard sea level pressure (1013.2 hPa) by means of
a pressure (barometric) altimeter.
psi Pounds per square inch - unit for pressure (see below under “units”)
RMI Radio magnetic indicator
RPM Revolutions per minute - unless otherwise indicated, in this manual the term refers to the
propeller’s revolutions.
TAS True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane relative to undisturbed air which is the CAS
corrected for altitude, temperature and compressiblility.
Unusable fuel Fuel that is not available to the engine (due to tank configuration etc.)
Usable fuel Fuel available for flight planning
VAManeuvering speed: Maximum speed at which application of full available aerodynamic con-
trol will not overstress the airplane
VFE Maximum flaps extended speed: Maximum speed with wing flaps in extended position
VFO Maximum flaps operation speed: Maximum speed at which flaps may be extended or re-
tracted
VFR Visual flight rules
VLE Maximum landing gear extended speed: Maximum speed with landing gear extended
VLO Maximum landing gear operating speed: Maximum speed at which the landing gear may be
extended or retracted
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AL50/MPG5
Chapter 2. GENERAL
2-2. SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
VMCA Minimum control speed in flight (not applicable to single-engine aircraft): Minimum speed
at which the airplane is controllable with one engine inoperative, the other engine at take-off
power and a bank angle of not more than 5˚into the operative engine.
VMO Maximum operating speed: Speed that may not be exceeded in normal flight operation
VNE Never exceed speed: Speed that may never be exceeded under any circumstances
VOR Very high frequency omni-directional range
VXBest angle-of-climb speed: Speed for the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible
horizontal distance.
VYBest rate-of-climb speed: Speed for the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible time.
VY SE Best single-engine rate-of-climb speed: Speed for the greatest gain in altitude in the short-
est possible time with one engine inoperative.
Windmilling propeller Propeller rotating from airstream inputs
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AL50/MPG5
Chapter 2. GENERAL
2-3. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
2-3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Again, this is not a complete units conversion table, but only a list of those units used in Alsim
Flight Manuals. All figures are rounded to the third digit after the decimal point.
2-3-1 SPEED
1 Knot = 1 nautical mile per hour = 1.852 km/h
1 km/h = 0.54 kt
2-3-2 DISTANCE
1 nm (nautical mile) = 1.852 km
1 km = 0.54 nm
1 (statute) mile = 1.609 km
1 km = 0.621 (statute) mile
1 ft = 0.305 m
1 m = 3.281 ft
2-3-3 MASS
1 lb = 0.454 kg
1 kg = 2.205 lbs
2-3-4 VOLUME
1 US gallon = 3.785 liter
1 l = 0.264 USG
2-3-5 VOLUME/MASS RELATION
For Aviation fuel: 1 US gallon = approx. 6 lbs
For Jet A fuel: 1 US gallon = approx. 6.84 lbs
2-3-6 PRESSURE
1 in.Hg = 33.864 hPa = 0.491 psi
1 psi = 68.948 hPa = 2.036 in.Hg
1 hPa = 0.0145 psi = 0.0295 in.Hg
1 mb = 1 hPa
19/1/2007 2-5

AL50/MPG5
Chapter 2. GENERAL
2-3. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
2-3-7 TEMPERATURE
˚C = (˚F - 32) / 1.8
˚F = ˚C * 1.8 + 32
19/1/2007 2-6

AL50/MPG5
Chapter 3. LIMITATIONS
3LIMITATIONS
Contents
3-1 GENERAL .................................. 3-2
3-2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION . . . . . . . 3-2
3-3 AIR SPEED INDICATOR MARKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-5 STARTER LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-6 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3-7 WEIGHTLIMITS.............................. 3-5
3-8 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3-9 MANEUVERLIMITS ........................... 3-5
3-10CREWLIMITS ............................... 3-5
3-11FUELLIMITATIONS ........................... 3-5
3-12 EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
19/1/2007 3-1

AL50/MPG5
Chapter 3. LIMITATIONS
3-1. GENERAL
3-1 GENERAL
This section provides the operating limitations and instrument markings for the flight model MPG5
(based on a single engine aircraft with fixed-pitch propeller and non-retractable landing gear)
installed on an Alsim flight trainer model AL50.
3-2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS FOR SAFE OPERATION
Do not exceed the speeds listed below. These speeds are calculated for MPG5 at its maximum
mass in normal conditions at sea level.
Unless otherwise specified, all speeds listed in this manual are indicated airspeeds (IAS).
VNE — never exceed speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 km/h
VA— design maneuvering speed (max. mass) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 km/h
VNO — normal operating speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 km/h
VFE — maximum flaps extended speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 km/h
Maximum crosswind component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 km/h
Initial climb speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 km/h
Normal climb speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 km/h
VY— best rate of climb speed (no flaps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 km/h
VX— best angle of climb speed (no flaps). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 km/h
Normal approach speed (flaps down) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 km/h
Stall speed (wings level, maximum mass)
Flaps up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 km/h
Flaps approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 km/h
Flaps down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 km/h
Best glide speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 km/h
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AL50/MPG5
Chapter 3. LIMITATIONS
3-3. AIR SPEED INDICATOR MARKERS
3-3 AIR SPEED INDICATOR MARKERS
Red radial (Never Exceed Speed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 km/h
Yellow arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 - 308 km/h
Caution range — smooth air only.
Green arc (Normal Operating Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 - 260 km/h
Lower limit: stall speed, flaps up, maximum weight (VS1)
Upper limit: normal operating speed (VNO)
White arc (Flaps Extended Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 - 170 km/h
Lower limit: stall speed, flaps down and maximum weight (VSO)
Upper limit: maximum speed with flaps extended(VFE)
Figure 3.1: Airspeed Indicator
3-4 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS
ENGINE
Maximum horsepower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 hp
Maximum rotation speed (RPM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2800
For this engine maximum take off power is equal to maximum continuous power.
OIL
Minimum pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 bar
Maximum pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 bar
3-5 STARTER LIMITATIONS
Use of the starter is limited to 15 to 20 seconds continuous use.
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AL50/MPG5
Chapter 3. LIMITATIONS
3-6. POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS
3-6 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS
Red radial Yellow arc/radial Green arc Red radial
Instrument Minimum Caution Normal operating range Maximum
Tachometer – – 2000 to 2800 rpm 2800 rpm
Figure 3.2: Tachometer
Red bar Yellow bar Green bar Yellow bar Red bar
Instrument Minimum Caution Normal operating range Caution Maximum
Oil pressure <1.7 bar 1.7 to 4.1 bar 4.1 to 6.2 bar 6.2 to 6.9 bar >6.9 bar
Oil temp. – <40˚C 40 to 118˚C – >118˚C
Cyl. temp. – – 93 to 224˚C 224 to 260˚C 260˚C
Table 3.1: Power Plant Instrument Markings
Figure 3.3: Oil Pressure, Oil Temperature, Cylinder Temperature
19/1/2007 3-4