American Technologies Network ATN PS31 User manual
operator’s manual
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OPERATOR’S MANUAL (PS31) REVISION 1 – APRIL 2020
ATN PS31
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
a
SAFETY SUMMARY
CAUTIONS
• The ATN PS31 is a precision optical instrument and must be han-
dled carefully at all times to prevent damage.
• Do not scratch the external lens surfaces or touch them with your
fingers.
• To protect the image intensifier, keep the lens cap on the objective
lens when the goggles is not in use or when checked out in daylight
conditions.
• The IR illuminator is the light that is invisible to the unaided eye
for use during conditions of extreme darkness. However, the light
from the illuminator can be detected by others when using night
vision devices.
• If you use the rubber eyecups for a long period of time, you may
suffer skin inflammation. If you develop any symptoms, consult a
doctor immediately.
WARNING
Do not carry batteries in pockets containing metal objects such as
coins, keys, etc. Metal objects can cause the batteries to short cir-
cuit and become very hot.
The information in this manual is furnished for information use only, is subject
to change without notice, is not to be construed as a commitment by ATN Corp.
ATN Corp. assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or
inaccuracies that may appear in this book.
© 2020 ATN Corp. All right reserved.
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS NATURAL RUBBER LATEX WHICH MAY
CAUSE ALLERGIC REACTIONS.
CAUTION:
Register your product warranty online at
www.atncorp.com/warranty
b c
WARNING
Toxic Material
The image intensifier’s phosphor screen contains toxic
materials.
• If an image intensifier breaks, be extremely careful to avoid
inhaling the phosphor screen material. Do not allow the mate-
rial to come in contact with the mouth or open wounds on the
skin.
• If the phosphor screen material contacts your skin, wash it off
immediately with soap and water.
• If you inhale/swallow any phosphor screen material, drink a
lot of water, induce vomiting, and seek medical attention as
soon as possible.
WARNING
Do not use contaminated eyecup. They must be replaced.
WARNING
When installing the headmount over the protective mask, be
careful not to break the protective mask seal around your face.
EQUIPMENT LIMITATIONS
To avoid physical and equipment damage when using the ATN
PS31, carefully read and understand the following safety precau-
tions.
• The equipment requires some night light (moonlight, starlight,
etc.) to operate. The level of performance depends upon the
level of light.
• Night light is reduced by passing cloud cover, while operating
under trees, in building shadows, etc.
• The equipment is less effective viewing into shadows and oth-
er darkened areas.
• The equipment is less effective through rain, fog, sleet, snow
or smoke.
• The equipment will not “see” through dense smoke.
NOTES
• The purpose of the illuminator is to view at close distance up
to 3 meters when additional illumination is needed.
CAUTION
• The ATN PS31 is a precision optical instrument and must be
handled carefully at all times to prevent damage.
• Be careful when leaving the helmet mount in the flipped
up position or removing the helmet mount from the helmet,
damage can result.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
pg.
SAFETY SUMMARY a
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1. General Information 1-2
1.1.1. Scope 1-2
1.1.2. Warranty Information 1-2
1.1.3. Technical Information 1-2
1.1.4. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 1-3
1.1.5. Glossary 1-4
1.2. Equipment Description 1-6
1.2.1. Equipment Characteristics, Capabilities,
and Features 1-6
1.2.2. Location and Description of Major Components 1-7
1.2.3. Equipment Data 1-8
1.3. Principles of Operation 1-10
1.3.1. Mechanical Functions 1-10
1.3.2. Optical Functions 1-10
1.3.3. Electronic Circuit Function 1-10
CHAPTER 2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2-1
2.1. Description and Use of Operator’s controls
and indicators 2-2
2.1.1. Operator Controls and Indicators 2-2
2.2. Preventive Maintenance Checks and
Services (PMCS) 2-4
2.2.1. Preventive Maintenance Checks and
Services Table 2-4
2.2.2. Resolution Check Using the TS-4348/UV
Test Set 2-11
2.2.3. Inspection Criteria for Proper Image Intensifier
Operation 2-13
2.3. Assembly and Preparation for Use 2-18
2.3.1. Unpacking 2-18
2.3.2. Installation of Battery 2-18
2.3.3. Installation of Eyecup 2-19
2.3.4. Installation and Adjustment of Headmount 2-19
2.3.5. Installation of Helmet Mount to Helmet 2-21
2.4. Operating Procedures 2-23
2.4.1. Hand-Held Operation 2-23
2.4.2. Head Mounted Operation 2-24
2.4.3. Helmet Mounted Operation 2-26
2.4.4. IR Source Operations 2-29
2.4.5. Preparation for Storage 2-31
2.5. Operation under Unusual Conditions 2-32
2.5.1. Operation in Dusty or Sandy Areas 2-32
2.5.2. Operation in Rainy or Humid Conditions 2-32
2.5.3. Operation in Salt Water Areas 2-33
2.5.4. Operation in Nuclear, Biological and
Chemical (NBC) Environments 2-33
CHAPTER 3. MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS 3-1
3.1. Lubrication Instructions 3-2
3.2. Troubleshooting Procedures 3-2
3.2.1. Troubleshooting 3-2
3.3. Operator’s Maintenance Procedures 3-6
3.3.1. Cleaning the NVG 3-6
iii 1-1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1-2 1-3
1.1.4. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
BII Basic Issue Items
CAGEC Commercial and Government Entity Code
cm Centimeters
FM Field Manual
Hrs Hours
IR Infrared
JTA Joint Table of Allowances
lbs Pounds
LED Light Emitting Diode
NVG Night Vision Goggles
MTOE Modified Table of Organization and Equipment
N/A Not Applicable
NBC Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical
NSN National Stock Number
Pam Pamphlet
PASGT Personal Armor System Ground Troops
PMCS Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services
Qty Quantity
Recm Recommended
Rqr Required
SF Standard Form
TDA Table of Distribution and Allowances-
TM Technical Manual
TOE Table of Organization and Equipment-
U/M Unit of Measure
Vdc Volts, direct current
1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.1. SCOPE
This manual provides operation and maintenance instructions for
the Night Vision Goggles (NVG) ATN PS31 hereinafter referred to
as the NVG. The NVG is a self-contained night vision device that
enables improved night vision using ambient light from the night
sky (moon, stars, skyglow, etc.).
Model Number and basic description
ATN PS31 — Night Vision Goggles
Supplier
American Technologies Network Corp.
1341 San Mateo Avenue
South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
1.1.2. WARRANTY INFORMATION
This item shall conform to design, manufacturing, and performance
requirements and be free from defects in material and workman-
ship for a period of two (2) years from the date of acceptance. If item
is defective, notify ATN or point of purchase contact.
1.1.3. TECHNICAL INFORMATION
For technical information contact ATN Corp. directly at
contact.
TABLE 1.1. NOMENCLATURE CROSS-REFERENCE LIST
COMMON NAME OFFICIAL NOMENCLATURE
Battery Battery Nonrechargeable
Battery Cap Cover Battery Retainer
Carrying Case Case, Infrared Equipment
Carrying Case Strap Strapping
Eyepiece Lens Cap Cap, Protective, Dust
Headmount Headset Assembly
Helmet Mount Mount, Viewer
Goggles Goggles Assy
Objective Lens Cap Cap, Protective, Dust
1-4 1-5
FLASHING. This is a defect in the image area of the goggles. The
image appears to flicker or flash.
FLICKERING. See “flashing.”
GAIN. This is the number of times a night vision device amplifies
light input.
IMAGE INTENSIFIER. An electro-optical device that detects and
amplifies ambient light to produce a visual image.
INFINITY FOCUS. Adjustment of the objective lens so that a distant
object, such as a star or the point light on a distant tower, forms the
sharpest image.
INTERMITTENT OPERATION. This is a defect in the image area of
the goggles. See “flashing”.
IR SOURCE. This is an IR Light Emitting Diode (LED). When turned
on, the IR source provides additional illumination to enhance exist-
ing light conditions used only for performing nearby tasks.
MICROCHANNEL PLATE. A current-multiplying optical disk that
intensifies the electron image produced by the photocathode.
NOTE. Essential information of special importance, interest, or aid
in job performance.
PHOTOCATHODE. The input optic of an image intensifier that ab-
sorbs light energy and in turn releases electrical energy in the form
of an electron image.
SCINTILLATION. A faint, random, sparkling effect throughout the
image area. Scintillation is a normal characteristic of the image in-
tensifier and should not be confused with emission points. Scintil-
lation is more pronounced under low light conditions. Also called
“video noise”.
SHADING. The viewed image should be a full circle. If shading is
present, you will not see a fully circular image. Shading is indicative
of a dying photocathode and is caused by a defective vacuum seal
of the image intensifier. Shading is very dark and you cannot see
an image through it.
WARNING. Conditions, practices, or procedures that must be ob-
served to avoid personal injury or loss of life.
1.1.5. GLOSSARY
BLACK SPOTS. These are cosmetic blemishes in the image inten-
sifier of the NVG or dirt or debris between the lenses.
BRIGHT SPOTS. These defects can appear in the image area of
the NVG. This condition is caused by a flaw in the film on the micro-
channel plate. A bright spot is a small, nonuniform, bright area that
may flicker or appear constant. Bright spots usually go away when
the light is blocked out and are cosmetic blemishes that are signal
induced.
CAUTION. Condition, practices, or procedures that must be ob-
served to avoid damage to equipment, destruction of equipment, or
a long-term health hazard.
CHICKEN WIRE. An irregular pattern of dark thin lines in the field-
of-view either throughout the image area or in parts of the image
area. Under the worst case condition, these lines will form hexago-
nal or square-wave shaped lines.
DARK (OR DARK AREA). A place in which there is very little light.
It does not mean total darkness. Generally, this means conditions
similar to a quarter-moon or starlit night.
DARK-ADAPTED. Having ones eye adjusted to the goggles’s out-
put under low light conditions.
DIOPTER. A unit of measure used to define eye correction. Adjust-
ments to the diopter adjustment will provide a clearer image in each
eye.
EDGE GLOW. This is a defect in the image area of the goggles.
Edge glow is a bright area (sometimes sparkling) in the outer por-
tion of the viewing area.
EMISSION POINT. A steady or fluctuating pinpoint of bright light
in the image area and does not go away when all light is blocked
from the objective lens of the goggles. The position of an emis-
sion point within the image area of the goggles does not move. An
emission point should not be confused with a point light source in
the distance.
FIXED-PATTERN NOISE. This is a cosmetic blemish in the im-
age area characterized by a faint hexagonal (honeycomb) pattern
throughout the viewing area that most often occurs at high light
levels or when viewing very bright lights. Fixed-pattern noise is in-
herent in the structure of the fiber optics and can be seen in every
image intensifier if the light level is high enough.
1-6 1-7
1.2.2. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR
COMPONENTS
The NVG includes the items shown in Figure 1.1. The major compo-
nents are the headmount, helmet mount, goggles, carrying case.
a. Goggles
The goggles (see Figure 1.2.) consists of various components such
as an objective lens, an image intensifier (not shown), an eyepiece
lens and a battery cap.
FIGURE 1.2. NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
HELMET
FIXTURE
IR ILLUMINATOR
OPERATION
SWITCH
OBJECTIVE
LENS
EYEPIECE
LENS
EYEPIECE
DISTANCE
ADJUSTMENT
BAT TERY
COVER
ENVIRONMENTAL
DETECTION SENSOR
b. Headmount (Optional)
The headmount (Figure 1.1.) secures the goggles to the operator’s
head for night viewing and provides freehand support for use with
a weapon, protective mask or other purposes. It is adjustable and
cushioned.
c. Helmet Mount
This item (Figure 1.1.), secures the goggles to the Personal Armor
System Ground Troops (PASGT) helmet allowing freehand support
for use with a weapon, protective mask and/or other purposes.
1.2. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
1.2.1. EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS,
CAPABILITIES, AND FEATURES
The NVG is a hand-held, headmounted, helmet mounted night vi-
sion system that enables walking, weapon firing, short-range sur-
veillance, map reading, vehicle maintenance, and administering
first aid in both moonlight and starlight. Each unit allows for vertical
adjustment, fore-and-aft adjustment, objective lens focus and eye-
piece focus. The goggles is also equipped with an IR source.
FIGURE 1.1. COMPONENTS OF NVG
HEADMOUNT
(OPTIONAL
ACCESSORY)
BAT TERY
GOGGLES
HELMET MOUNT
CARRYING
CASE
CARRYING CASE
STRAP
OPERATOR’S
MANUAL
CLEANING
CLOTH
1-8 1-9
f. Carrying Case
The carrying case (Figure 1.1.) is provided for transportation and
protection of the goggles, headmount, battery and accessories.
Two slide keepers are provided for belt attachment and three
D-rings for shoulder and leg strap attachment. A carrying case
strap is also provided which can be attached to the two D-rings on
the back of the carrying case.
1.2.3. EQUIPMENT DATA
The following tables provide information pertaining to the opera-
tional, electrical, mechanical, optical, and environmental charac-
teristics for the goggles.
TABLE 1.2. OPERATOR ADJUSTMENT LIMITS
ITEM LIMITS
Diopter Focus +5 to -5 diopters
Objective Focus 25 cm to infinity
TABLE 1.3. ELECTRICAL DATA
ITEM DATA
Battery Requirements Lithium battery (CR123x1) /
CR123x4 external battery holder
TABLE 1.4. MECHANICAL DATA
ITEM CHARACTERISTICS
Carrying Case Size: Approx. 14” x 8”
Goggles (see Note) Weight: 560 grams
NOTE
Weight of the goggles does not include accessories.
TABLE 1.5. OPTICAL DATA
ITEM DATA
Magnification 1.0x
Field-of-View 50 deg +/-2 deg
Diopter Focus +5 to -5 diopters
Objective Focus 25 cm to infinity
TABLE 1.6. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
ITEM DATA
Goggles Operating Temperature -51°C to +49°C
Goggles Storage Temperature -51°C to +85°C
Illumination Required Overcast starlight to moonlight
OPERATION
SWITCH
EYEPIECE
LENS
SOCKET
EYEPIECE
DISTANCE
ADJUSTMENT
BAT TERY
COVER
LENS CAP
LATCH
FIGURE 1.3. MECHANICAL FUNCTIONS FOR THE NVG.
1-10 1-11
1.3. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
1.3.1. MECHANICAL FUNCTIONS
The mechanical functions of the NVG allow for differences in the
physical features of individual operators and provide for operating
the system. These functions include the power switch, eye relief ad-
justment, diopter adjustment, and objective focus. The mechanical
controls are identified in Figure 1.3.
1.3.2. OPTICAL FUNCTIONS
The optical functions include an objective lens, image intensifier
and eyepiece lens (Figure 1.4.). The objective lens collects light
reflected from the night scene by the moon, stars, or night sky, in-
verts the image and focuses that image on the image intensifier.
The image intensifier converts the captured light into a visible im-
age and reinverts the image which can then be viewed through the
eyepiece lens.
PHOTOCATHODE
MICROCHANNEL
PLATE FIBER-OPTIC INVERTER
PHOSPHOR
SCREEN
OBJECTIVE
LENS IMAGE
INTENSIFIER
POWER
SUPPLY
EYEPIECE
LENS
EYE
FIGURE 1.4. OPTICAL FUNCTION DIAGRAM
1.3.3. ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT FUNCTION
The electronic circuit regulates the direct current voltage from the
battery to the image intensifier and IR source as required. It also
monitors the output voltage of the battery and turns on a low-bat-
tery indicator when the available battery voltage is 1.9–2.1 Vdc.
a. Power Source
The electronic circuit is powered by one battery.
b. Auto Mode
The automatic mode is different from the “IR” mode, and the auto-
matic mode starts the environment detection sensor. It can detect
environmental luminance in real time and work with reference to the
illumination control system. Under extremely low or extremely dark
environment, The system will automatically turn on infrared aux-
iliary lighting, and when the environmental illumination can meet
normal observation, The system automatically turns off “IR”, and
when the ambient illumination reaches 40–100 Lux, The whole sys-
tem is automatically shut down to protect the photosensitive core
components from damage by strong light.
2-1
CHAPTER 2
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
2-2 2-3
2.1. DESCRIPTION AND USE OF
OPERATOR’S CONTROLS AND
INDICATORS
NOTE
The NVG is a precision electro-optical instrument, so handle it
carefully. If the equipment fails to operate, refer to the Trouble-
shooting Procedures in Chapter 3.
2.1.1. OPERATOR CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
The NVG is designed to adjust for different users and corrects
for most differences in eyesight. The controls and indicators
for the NVG are shown in Figure 2.1., which are described in
Table 2.1.
FIGURE 2.1. GOGGLES CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
HELMET
FIXTURE
IR
ILLUMINATOR
OPERATION
SWITCH
OBJECTIVE
LENS
EYEPIECE
LENS
EYEPIECE
DISTANCE
ADJUSTMENT
BAT TERY
COVER ENVIRONMENTAL
DETECTION SENSOR
EYE RELIEF
ADJUSTMENT
VERTICAL
ADJUSTMENT
NOTE
Low battery indicator and IR source “ON” indicator are vis-
ible in eyepiece lens.
TABLE 2.1. GOGGLES CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
CONTROLS AND
INDICATORS FUNCTIONS
Power Switch OFF Turns OFF the NVGs.
ON Goggles activated.
IR Turn On IR Illuminator.
Auto Automatic Environment Detection mode.
Objective Lens Focuses objective lens. Adjusts for sharpest image of
viewed object.
Diopter
Adjustment
Focuses eyepiece lens for use without the need
for glasses. Adjust for sharpest image of intensifier
screen.
Eye Relief
Adjustment
Adjusts the distance between your eye and the
goggles.
Latch Latch used for separation of goggles from head-mount/
helmet mount.
Battery
Polarity
Indicators
This feature, molded into the battery housing, shows
the proper orientation of the battery. Some versions
have a bubble molded into the top of the battery house,
to show the + for proper orientation.
2-4 2-5
2.2. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
CHECKS AND SERVICES (PMCS)
2.2.1. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND
SERVICES TABLE
a. General
To ensure the readiness of the NVG, perform the preventive main-
tenance procedures in accordance with Table 2.2., prior to each
mission. Preventive maintenance procedures include inspection,
cleaning, and performance of the checkout procedures.
b. Warnings and Cautions
Always observe the WARNINGS and CAUTIONS appearing in
the table. Warnings and cautions appear before applicable proce-
dures. You must observe the warnings and cautions to prevent seri-
ous injury to yourself and others, or to prevent your equipment from
being damaged.
c. Explanation of Table Entries
(1) Item Number Column. Numbers in this column are for refer-
ence. When completing Equipment Inspection and Maintenance
Worksheet, include the item number for the check/service indicat-
ing a fault. Item numbers also appear in the order that you must do
checks and services for the intervals listed.
(2) Interval Column. This column tells you when you must do the
procedure in the procedure column. BEFORE procedures must be
done before you operate or use the equipment for its intended mis-
sion. DURING procedures must be done during the time you are
operating or using the equipment for its intended mission. AFTER
procedures must be done immediately after you have operated or
used the equipment.
(3) Location, Check/Service Column. This column provides the
location and the item to be checked or serviced. The item location
is underlined.
(4) Procedure Column. This column gives the procedure you must
do to check or service the item listed in the Check/Service column
to know if the equipment is ready or available for its intended mis-
sion or operation. You must do the procedure at the time stated in
the interval column.
(5) Not Fully Mission Capable If: Column. Information in this
column tells you what faults will keep your equipment from being
capable of performing its primary mission. If you make check and
service procedures that show faults listed in this column, do not
operate the equipment. Follow standard operating procedures for
maintaining the equipment or reporting equipment failure.
d. Other Table Entries
Be sure to observe all special information and notes that appear in
your table.
2-6 2-7
TABLE 2.2. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND SERVICES FOR THE NVG.
ITEM
NO.
INTER-
VAL
LOCATION
PROCEDURE
NOT FULLY
MISSION
CAPABLE IF:
CHECK/
SERVICE
1Before Open carrying case and check the inven-
tory items
2Before/
After
Goggles
Optical
Surfaces
Inspect all lenses (objective, eyepiece, IR
lens and high light cut-off window) for dirt,
fingerprint residue, chips, or cracks. If nec-
essary, clean and dry lenses with water
and lens tissue.
Scratches or heavy
scratches that hinder
vision with goggles
turned ON, or if
cracks are present.
3Before/
After
Battery Cap
Housing
Inspect external surfaces for cracks or
damage. Scratches, cracks, and gouges
are OK if operation is not affected.
Inspect battery compartment. Check to
make sure battery cap is present. Re-
move battery cap and inspect for moisture,
cracks, corroded or defective spring con-
tacts, and o-ring present in cap.
Cracks or damage in
the battery housing.
Cap is missing, con-
tacts damaged, or
corroded, o-ring is
missing.
ITEM
NO.
INTER-
VAL
LOCATION
PROCEDURE
NOT FULLY
MISSION
CAPABLE IF:
CHECK/
SERVICE
3.
Cont.
Before/
After
Battery Cap/
Housing
Cont.
Remove battery and turn the power switch
from Off to ON to AT. Each position should
have a definite stopping point. Inspect for
broken or missing knob.
Install battery and check IR source func-
tions.
Check the high light cut-off with daylight or
bright room light (not fluorescent light) by
placing the lens cap on the objective lens.
Turn goggles ON and observe that the sys-
tem cuts OFF within 70 ±30 seconds.
Power switch has
no definite stopping
points or knob is bro-
ken or missing.
IR source does not
work.
If damaged, refer to
higher level of main-
tenance.
3.
Cont.
Before/
After
Battery Cap/
Housing
Cont.
Turn goggles OFF and then ON to reener-
gize goggles.
NOTE
If the goggles fails this highlight cut-off
test, it does not cause the end item to be
nonmission capable. However, it should be
sent to higher level of maintenance as soon
as possible.
2-8 2-9
ITEM
NO.
INTER-
VAL
LOCATION
PROCEDURE
NOT FULLY
MISSION
CAPABLE IF:
CHECK/
SERVICE
4Before/
After
Goggles Inspect for cracks or damage. Scratches,
cracks, chips and gouges are OK if opera-
tion is not affected.
Cracks or damage in
the goggles.
5Before/
After
Eyepiece Lens Rotate diopter adjustment to make sure
the eyepiece lens moves freely and is not
loose. Range is approximately ½ turn.
Binding, not moving
freely or too loose.
6Before/
After
Eyecup Inspect for dirt, dust, cracked or torn eye-
cup. Inspect for bent, broken, or improper-
ly fitting eyepiece lens. If necessary, clean
with water.
Chips and cracks are
permitted on the eye-
cup retaining rings as
long as they do not
interfere with instal-
lation of eyecup.
7Before/
After
Objective Lens Rotate focus ring to ensure free movement
(range is approximately 1/3 turn). Check
objective lens for chips, cracks and dents.
Focus ring is binding
or not able to move.
ITEM
NO.
INTER-
VAL
LOCATION
PROCEDURE
NOT FULLY
MISSION
CAPABLE IF:
CHECK/
SERVICE
8Before/
After
Viewed Image NOTE
Operator may use the TS-4348/UV to
check resolution (paragraph 2.2.2).
Refer to paragraph 2.2.3. to inspect for op-
erational defects.
Flickering, flashing,
edge glow, or shad-
ing is observed.
9Before/
After
Socket Inspect for dirt, dust, or corrosion.
Insert goggles latch into socket to verify
secure attachment of goggles to head-
mount. If necessary, clean socket with
water.
D a m a g e d , l a t c h
won’t lock or is too
loose.
10 Before/
After
Eye Relief
Adjustment
Press the eye relief adjustment and check
for free motion. Inspect for damage.
Binding, damaged or
non-operational slide
mechanism.
11 Before/
After
HELMET MOUNT
Straps Inspect for cuts, tears, fraying, holes,
cracks, or defective fasteners.
D a m a g e c a u s e s
straps to be unser-
viceable.
2-10 2-11
2.2.2. RESOLUTION CHECK USING
THE TS-4348/UV TEST SET
NOTE
The TS-4348/UV Test Set can be used by the operator to check
the resolution of a goggles at any time.
NOTE
The TS-4348/UV Test Set can be used by Direct Support/Inter-
mediate Level to perform the resolution testing 180 Day Ser-
vice. If a system fails it must be tested on the TS-3895A/UV
Test Set.
NOTE
Verify the resolution of the goggles using the TS-4348/UV Test
Set at every opportunity. The resolution cannot be accurately
measured without the test set.
The following procedures are designed to check the performance
of the image intensifier.
a. Setup
Before using the TS-4348/UV Test Set to set up and familia-rize
yourself with its operation and the warnings and cautions associ-
ated with that test equipment.
NOTE
• The resolution test must be performed in a darkened area.
Your eyes must be dark-adapted to perform this test. Review
the following test procedure before entering the dark area.
• Expect cosmetic blemishes, such as chicken wire, black
spots, and fixed-pattern noise, to stand out while viewing
through the TS-4348/UV Test Set when it is on the high light
level. This is acceptable.
• The rejection of any NVG for cosmetic defects must be based
on an outdoor evaluation and not the TS-4348/UV Test Set.
b. Low Light and High Light Resolution Test Procedure
Test the goggles for low light and high light resolution performance
according to the following steps.
(1)
Place the HIGH/LOW switch on the test set to the LOW position.
ITEM
NO.
INTER-
VAL
LOCATION
PROCEDURE
NOT FULLY
MISSION
CAPABLE IF:
CHECK/
SERVICE
12 Before/
After
Fore-and-Aft Ad-
justment
Press the 2 side buttons on plastic mount
or depress side lever on metal mount and
check for free motion.
Inspect for damage.
Binding, damaged or
non-operational slide
mechanism.
13 Before/
After
MOUNTING
ADAPTERS
Headmount/
Helmet Mount
Inspect for dirt, dust or corrosion.
Insert into headmount or helmet mount
socket to verify secure attachment.
Damaged, will not
latch securely.
14 Before/
After
CARRYING CASE
Case Remove all items and shake out loose
dirt or foreign material. Inspect for tears,
cuts, excess wear, or damage to mounting
clips.
2-12 2-13
NOTE
For a pattern to be resolvable, three vertical bars and three
horizontal bars must be visible.
(7) Flip the HIGH/LOW switch to the HIGH position.
(8) Again, look through the goggles and view the projected pattern
(see Figure 2.2.). If necessary, refocus the objective lens and then
the eyepiece lens to obtain the sharpest image.
(9) The NVG must be able to resolve Group 3, Element 5, under
high light conditions to pass the test. If the goggles does not pass
the test, send it to a higher level of maintenance for repair.
NOTE
When using the TS-4348/UV Test Set, you are not viewing the
entire image intensifier. Therefore, operational and cosmetic
inspections must be done without the test set as specified in
paragraph 2.2.3.
(10) Look for flashing, flickering, or other nonstable behavior of the
image intensifier. Also check the image intensifier for other opera-
tional defects described in paragraph 2.2.3. To view the image in-
tensifier under low light conditions, flip the HIGH/LOW switch to the
LOW position and allow your eyes to become accustomed to the
dark. If any unacceptable conditions are noted, send to a higher
level of maintenance for repair.
2.2.3. INSPECTION CRITERIA FOR PROPER
IMAGE INTENSIFIER OPERATION
a. General
As directed in the Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services ta-
ble, image intensifier operation must be checked before each mis-
sion. This section provides information for the operator concerning
what to look for, how to look for it, and how to determine if the NVG
should be returned to the maintainer.
CAUTION
Perform the following inspection in the dark.
To perform this inspection, attach the goggles to the headmount
and turn the power switch to the ON position. Look through the
goggles and view the image.
(2) Turn off the room light and let your eyes adjust to the dark.
(3) Turn on the test set by setting the “OFF” switch to the “ON”
position.
(4) Turn on the goggles and insert it into the test port on the test set.
(5) Look through the goggles and view the projected pattern (see
Figure 2.2.). If necessary, focus the eyepiece lens and then the
objective lens to obtain the sharpest image.
(6) The NVG goggles must be able to resolve Group 2, Element
2, under low light conditions to pass the test. If the NVG does not
pass the test, return it to maintenance for repair. The operator must
document resolution failures on the maintenance record.
NOTE
The target shown is for
example only and is
not drawn to scale.
GROUP NUMBER
ELEMENT NUMBERS
READ THIS FOR
LOW LIGHT RESO-
LUTION FOR NVG
READ THIS FOR
HIGH LIGHT
RESOLUTION
FOR NVG
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
5
6
5
2
3
4
5
6
6
4
2
3
4
5
6
3
2
3
4
5
6
5
1
1
4
FIGURE 2.2. TS-4348/UV TEST SET PATTERN
2-14 2-15
To check for edge glow, block out all light by cupping a hand over
the objective lens. If the image intensifier is displaying edge glow
the bright area will still show up. Return the NVG to the maintainer.
EDGE
GLOW
FIGURE 2.4. EDGE GLOW
(3) Flashing, Flickering, or Intermittent Operation. The image may
appear to flicker or flash. If there is more than one flicker, check for
loose battery cap or weak battery. If weak or loose batteries are not
the problem return the NVG to the maintainer.
c. Cosmetic Blemishes
These are usually the result of manufacturing imperfections that do
not affect intensifier reliability and are not normally a cause for re-
jecting an NVG. However, some types of blemishes can get worse
over time and interfere with the ability to perform the mission. If you
believe a blemish is cause for rejection, record the specific nature
of the problem on the maintenance forms and identify the position
of the blemish by using the clock method and approximate distance
from the center (e.g., 5 o’clock toward the outside, 2:30 near the
center, or 1:00 midway). The following are cosmetic blemishes:
(1) Bright Spots. A bright spot is a small, nonuniform, bright area
that may flicker or appear constant (Figure 2.5.). Not all bright spots
make the NVG rejectable. Cup your hand over the objective lens to
block out all light. If the bright spot remains, return the NVG to the
maintainer. Bright spots usually go away when the light is blocked
out. Make sure any bright spot is not simply a bright area in the
There are two groups of “defects” you may encounter — opera-
tional defects and cosmetic blemishes. Operational defects are an
immediate cause to reject the NVG. Cosmetic blemishes are not
a cause for rejection unless they become severe enough to inter-
fere with the ability to perform the mission. The rejection of any
NVG for cosmetic defects must be based on an outdoor evalu-
ation and not the TS-4348/UV Test Set.
b. Operational Defects
These defects relate to the reliability of the image intensifier and
are an indication of instability. If identified, they are an immediate
cause for rejecting the NVG. They include shading, edge glow,
flashing, flickering, and intermittent operation.
(1) Shading. If shading is present, you will not see a fully circular
image (see Figure 2.3.). Shading is very dark and you cannot see
an image through it. Shading always begins on the edge and mi-
grates inward eventually across the entire image area. Shading is
a high contrast area with a distinct line of demarcation. Return the
NVG to the maintainer.
SHADING
FIGURE 2.3. SHADING
NOTE
Make sure the shading is not the result of improper eye-relief
adjustment (refer to paragraph 2.4.2.).
(2) Edge Glow. Edge glow is a bright area (sometimes sparkling) in
the outer portion of the viewing area (see Figure 2.4.).
2-16 2-17
scene you are viewing. Bright spots are acceptable if they do
not interfere with the operator’s ability to view the image or to
perform the mission.
EMISSION
POINTS
BRIGHT SPOTS
FIGURE 2.5. BRIGHT SPOTS AND EMISSION POINTS
(2) Emission Points. A steady or fluctuating pinpoint of bright light
in image area that does not go away when all light is blocked from
the objective lens of the goggles (Figure 2.5.). The position of an
emission point within the image area does not move.
Not all emission points make the NVG rejectable. Make sure any
emission point is not simply a point light source in the scene you are
viewing. Emission points are acceptable if they do not interfere
with the operator’s ability to view the image or to perform the
mission.
(3) Black Spots. These are cosmetic blemishes in the image in-
tensifier or dirt or debris between the lenses. Black spots are ac-
ceptable as long as they do not interfere with viewing the image.
No action is required if this condition is present unless the
spots interfere with the operator’s ability to view the image or
to perform the mission.
(4) Fixed-Pattern Noise. This is usually a cosmetic blemish char-
acterized by a faint hexagonal (honeycomb) pattern throughout the
viewing area that most often occurs at high light levels or when
viewing very bright lights (see Figure 2.6.). This pattern can be
seen in every image intensifier if the light level is high enough. This
condition is acceptable as long as the pattern does not inter-
fere with the operator’s ability to view the image or to perform
the mission.
FIGURE 2.6. FIXED-PATTERN NOISE
(5) Chicken Wire. An irregular pattern of dark thin lines in the field-
of-view either throughout the image or in parts of the image area
(see Figure 2.7.). Under the worst case condition, these lines will
form hexagonal or square-wave shaped lines. No action is re-
quired if this condition is present unless it interferes with the
operator’s ability to view the image or to perform the mission.
FIGURE 2.7. CHICKEN WIRE
2-18 2-19
2.3. ASSEMBLY AND PREPARATION
FOR USE
2.3.1. UNPACKING
The following steps must be accomplished prior to each mission
where the NVG is used.
(1) Check contents for completeness (see Figure 1.1.).
(2) Remove carrying case. Open carrying case (Figure 1.1.), re-
move NVG, and check contents for completeness.
(3) Inspect the goggles for obvious evidence of damage to optical
surfaces, body, eyecup, power switch, battery cap, etc. Ensure that
all optical surfaces are clean and ready for use. Clean with lens
paper.
2.3.2. INSTALLATION OF BATTERY
CAUTION
To protect the image intensifier, keep the objective lens cap on
when the goggles are not in use or when using the goggles in
daylight conditions.
The NVG operates with one CR123 battery.
TABLE 2.3. ESTIMATED BATTERY LIFE
BATTERY
TYPE
TEMPERATURE NEGLIGIBLE
IR SOURCE
USAGE
IR SOURCE
USAGE 10%
OF THE TIME
CR123 21°C (70°F) 60 Hrs 55 Hrs
CAUTION
• Make certain the power switch is in the OFF position before
installing the battery.
FIGURE 2.8. INSTALLATION OF BATTERY
BAT TERY
BAT TERY CAP
Install the CR123 battery into the PS31 as follows.
(1) Unscrew the battery cap.
(2) Observe polarity, as indicated on the side of the battery com-
partment and insert the battery.
(3) Replace the battery cap and screw cap hand tight.
2.3.3. INSTALLATION OF EYECUP
Perform the following procedure to install eyecup onto the goggles.
Refer to Figure 2.1.
(1) Carefully press the eyecup over the end of the eyepiece lens.
(2) Rotate the eyecup into proper viewing position. Adjust for best
fit. The eyecup must seal around your eye and prevent the green
glow from escaping.
2.3.4. INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT
OF HEADMOUNT
Perform the following procedures for donning the headmount.
NOTE
Do not don the headmount while the goggles are attached.
This manual suits for next models
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