Astronergy CHSM6610M User manual

1
Crystalline Silicon PV
Module Installation
Manual

2
Catalogue
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Scope of liability ............................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Regulations ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
3 Safety Precautions ............................................................................................................................................. 3
3.1 General safety ................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Operation safety measures ................................................................................................................................ 5
4 Handling and unpacking .................................................................................................................................. 6
4.1 Transport ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Unpack .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.3 Stack .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Mechanical installation ..................................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 Environment ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Tilt angle selection ............................................................................................................................................ 8
5.3 Mounting Guide ................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.3.1 Bolted mounting......................................................................................................................................... 9
5.3.2 Clamped mounting ................................................................................................................................... 10
6 Electrical Installation ...................................................................................................................................... 14
6.1 Electrical characteristics.................................................................................................................................. 14
6.2 Electrical connection ....................................................................................................................................... 15
6.3 Grounding ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
7 Maintenance ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.1 Routine Inspection .......................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 PV module cleaning ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Modified version and date ...................................................................................................................................... 18

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1 Introduction
We appreciate for your trust and confidence towards
the photovoltaic (PV) module products manufactured
by Chint Solar.
Please read all instructions and the electrical and
mechanical requirements in this manual carefully
before installation. Specialized skills are required for
installing and operating PV modules, and only
professionals are capable to perform this task. All
safety precautions in this manual shall be strictly
observed during installation, and the manual shall be
properly kept for further reference. The installer must
inform the end customer (or consumer) accordingly.
1.1 Purpose
This document provides detailed instructions and
safety precautions regarding the installation, electrical
connection, and maintenance of following PV modules
manufactured by Chint Solar:
CHSM6610M CHSM6610M(BL) CHSM6610M/HV
CHSM60M-HC CHSM60M(BL)-HC CHSM6610P
CHSM6610P/HV CHSM60P-HC CHSM6612M
CHSM6612M/HV CHSM72M-HC CHSM60M/LV-HC
CHSM6612P CHSM6612P/HV CHSM72P-HC
CHSM72M/LV-HC CHSM54M-HC CHSM54M(BL)-HC
1.2 Scope of liability
No warranty expressed or implied is made with regard
to any information in this manual because how this
manual is complied with is beyond the control of Chint
Solar. Chint shall not be liable for any form of loss,
including but not limited to loss, damage, casualty or
additional cost caused by improper installation,
operation, use and maintenance of PV modules and
systems.
Chint Solar reserves the right to update this manual
without prior notice. In case of any inconsistency
between the description of different language versions
of this manual, the Chinese version shall prevail.
2 Regulations
The mechanical installation and electrical connection
of PV systems should be performed in accordance with
local laws, regulations and corresponding international
and domestic standards including electrical codes,
building codes and electrical connection requirements.
Such requirements may vary from different mounting
location, e.g. rooftop system and floating systems.
Requirements may also vary with system voltage and
for DC/AC applications. Please contact local
authorities for detailed governing regulations.
3 Safety Precautions
 Chint Solar’s modules are designed to meet the
requirements of IEC61215 and IEC61730, and they
have been qualified for Application Class A
(equivalent to Safety Class II requirements).
Modules can be applied to publicly accessible
systems operating at greater than 50V DC or 240W.
 The module design complies with IEC61730 and
UL61730 standards and meets Class C fire rating
(IEC61730), type 4 fire rating (UL61730).
！WARNING
Read and understand all safety instructions before

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installing, wiring, handling, and/or maintaining PV
modules. PV modules generate direct current
electricity when they are exposed to sunlight or other
light sources. Whether the module is connected or not,
direct contact with the live part of the module such as
the wiring terminal may cause personal injury or even
death.
3.1 General safety
 Before installation, please contact the relevant local
authority to make sure the installation permit and
installation inspection requirements can meet the
local requirements. The installation process should
comply with the safety rules applicable to all
components in the system, including cables,
terminals, charging monitors, batteries, inverters,
etc.
 Installation and maintenance must be completed by
professionally qualified engineers. During the
installation, wear safety helmets, insulating gloves,
safety shoes and use insulating tools to avoid the
direct contact with a DC voltage of 30V or even
higher.
 When installing or operating PV modules on rainy
days or dewy mornings, take appropriate protective
measures to prevent moisture from penetrating the
connectors. Unauthorized personnel are prohibited
from approaching the installation area or PV
module storage area.
 It is forbidden to install or use damaged PV
modules.
 It is forbidden to repair PV modules by
unauthorized personnel, including but not limited
to replacing any part of PV modules (such as
diodes, junction boxes, connectors, etc.).
 It is forbidden to plug in connectors of different
types and models.
 It is forbidden to expose PV modules to the
following substances: grease or organic ester
compounds (e.g. DOP, plasticizers), aromatics,
phenols, ketones, halogenated substances, mineral
oil, alkanes (e.g. gasoline, cleaning lubricants,
electronic resurrection agents), alcohol, , adhesive
sheets that can generate oxime gas and potting glue
(only for connectors, such as KE200,
CX-200/chemlok, etc.), TBP (plasticizer), detergent,
etc., to avoid chemical damage and affect the
electrical safety performance of PV modules.
 Photovoltaic module installation is prohibited on
windy days.
 Avoid focusing sunlight on PV modules.
 It is forbidden to place PV modules near equipment
or where flammable gas may be generated.
 It is forbidden to install PV modules on movable
platform, excepting tracking systems.
 It is forbidden to disassemble and move any part of
the PV module; if the connector of the PV module
is wet, do not perform any actions to avoid the risk
of electric shock.
 It is forbidden to connect or disconnect the PV
module when there is electrical current or external
electrical current.
 The cover of the junction box should always be
kept closed.
 Avoid partial shading of PV modules for a long
period of time, otherwise the temperature of the

5
shaded module may rise due to hot spot effect,
burning the module and causing fire hazard in
severe cases.
 For PV modules used in deserts or windy and
sandy areas, it is recommended to use connector
dust caps before installation, or take other measures
to prevent sand and dust from entering the
connectors, otherwise it may cause insertion
problems or electrical safety hazards.
3.2 Operation safety measures
 Avoid package damaging and falling during
transportation and storage. Ensure the packing
cases are well ventilated, water-proof and dry.
After the arrival, carefully open the outer package
and prevent scratches and bumps of PV modules.
When stacking PV modules, strictly follow the
stacking requirements in chapter 4.3.
 Avoid impact or scratches on any part of the PV
module, otherwise the reliability and safety of the
PV module will be affected; standing or walking on
the PV module is prohibited; at the same time, in
order to avoid glass damage, it is forbidden to
apply excessive load or distorted PV modules.
 Do not install or carry PV modules by one person.
It is forbidden to pick up, drag, or move PV
modules by grabbing the junction box (including
the box body, cables, and connectors); when
placing a PV module on a flat surface, it must be
operated carefully and be aware of bumps in the
corners.
 When installing or repairing the PV system, do not
wear any metal accessories to avoid the risk of
electric shock; if it is installed far above the ground,
please wear a seat belt.
 When operating PV modules in the sun, please use
insulated tools, and wear rubber gloves and
protective clothing. At the same time, in order to
avoid the risk of arc and electric shock, do not
directly touch the junction box and the end of the
output cable (connector) with bare hands.
 For electrical connection, choose a dry and
weak-light morning or evening; or use opaque
materials to completely cover the surface of the PV
modules to prevent current generation.
 A certain distance between the PV module and the
installation surface should be kept to prevent the
installation surface from touching the junction box.
 When installing on the roof, comply with the fire
protection requirements of the building. It is
recommended to install PV modules on a fireproof
and insulated roof covering, and ensure adequate
ventilation between the PV modules and the
installation surface. In order to ensure the fire
rating on the roof, the minimum distance between
the frame of the PV module and the roof surface is
10cm.
 The connector must be fully mated when wiring. If
the cable is too long, it is recommended to fix the
cable to the rack system with a UV-resistant nylon
cable tie. When fixing the cable to the rack, the
bending radius of the cable should not be less than
48mm.
 Avoid directly exposing cables and connectors to
sunlight. Please use anti-UV cables.
 Do not disconnect the electrical connection when

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there is a load.
 It is strictly forbidden to try to disassemble the PV
module, and it is strictly prohibited to remove the
nameplate of the PV module or other parts on the
PV module; it is strictly forbidden to paint or apply
any adhesive on the surface of the PV module.
 It is strictly forbidden to drill holes in the frame of
the PV module.
 It is strictly forbidden to scratch the anodized layer
on the surface of the aluminum alloy frame, except
when it is connected to the ground. Scratches may
cause corrosion of the frame, affecting the frame's
load-bearing capacity and long-term reliability.
 If the PV module glass or other packaging
materials are damaged, please wear personal
protective equipment to separate the PV module
from the site or the circuit. It is strictly forbidden to
touch wet PV modules, unless you are wearing
electric shock protection equipment that meets the
requirements.
 When professionals replace or repair PV modules,
do not damage the surrounding PV modules or their
support structures.
 When cleaning PV modules, you must follow the
cleaning requirements of PV modules.
 The connectors must be kept dry and clean to
ensure that they are in good working condition. Do
not insert other metal objects into the connector or
make electrical connections in any other way.
4 Handling and unpacking
 If the PV module is not in use, please do not open
the product packaging. The goods should be stored
in a dark, dry and ventilated place. If the PV
modules are stored in an uncontrollable
environment, the storage time must be less than 3
months when the outer packaging of the PV
modules is kept intact.
 It is recommended to unpack an appropriate
number of PV modules per day according to the
project progress, and the unpacked PV modules
should be installed within a day. If unpacking too
many PV modules and being stacked on the ground,
in severe weather such as heavy rain and typhoons,
the PV modules may be immersed in water for a
long time affecting the reliability of the product or
be scraped away.
4.1 Transport
 During the transportation of the PV modules to the
project site, they must be packed in the packaging
box provided by Chint Solar, and they should be
stored in the original packaging box before
installation. Please protect the packaging from
damage.
 It is necessary to ensure the safety when unloading
PV modules, especially when hoisting roof projects.
It is forbidden to use lifting straps directly on the
pallet for hoisting. The PV modules should be
placed in a protective device and then hoisted to the
roof to prevent the packing box from deforming
and bumping against the wall during the hoisting
process.
！Special instructions
Due to the limitation of the height of the container,
when the PV modules are removed from the container,

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the distance between the upper surface of the forklift
tines and the ground should be less than 80mm,
otherwise collisions may easily occur, which may
damage PV modules.
4.2 Unpack
When unpacking, you need to tear the stretch film first,
then use a knife to cut the binding tape, and remove
the packing box cover.
If the inner packaging is fixed with anti-falling tape,
two people in a group should hold the frame with both
hands in the same direction to take out one piece of PV
module each time. Take out the PV module by tearing
a piece of fixing glue, and do not remove the fixing
tape at one time to prevent the whole PV module from
tipping. Unpacking should follow the steps of tearing
off one piece of the fixing tape followed by taking out
one piece of PV module, instead of tearing off all
fixing tape which may cause module collapsing. If the
internal packaging is fixed by the internal packing belt,
first cut the internal packing belt, use anti-inverted
sticks and other non-sharp and stable items to prop up
one of the long-side enclosure frame, and then cut the
other side of the frame. Two people in turn move and
take out the PV modules. The whole handling process
needs to be handled gently to avoid any collision with
hard objects and any part of the frame dragging on the
ground.
4.3 Stack
When taking out the PV module from the packing box,
put the cardboard on the ground first to prevent the PV
module from colliding and scratching with the cement
surface, hard object on the ground, color steel tile,
metal corrugated, etc.
When the PV modules are stacked, they must be neatly
and stably stacked on a horizontal surface, and stacked
with the glass side facing down and the back side
facing up. At the same time, there must be cardboard
bedding under the PV modules. For example, when
installing PV modules on the roof, the number of piles
should not exceed 20. For roofs with poor load-bearing
capacity, it is recommended that the designer or
installer evaluate the load-bearing capacity of the roof
and reduce the load-bearing unit area of the roof by
reducing the number of piles. At the same time, avoid
installation tools and other objects on the surface of
the PV module.
Chint PV modules adopt high and low current bins,
and the handlers need to place them separately and
mark them according to the markings on the power list
on the PV module outer packaging (for example,
270W-L means low current bin; 270W-H means high
current bin; the current division method required by
other customers is similar); According to the system
design requirements, modules of the same current bin
are usually required to be installed in the same array.
If the customer requires PV modules to be
distinguished by color, the outer packaging box shall
be marked accordingly, and the PV modules shall be
marked to prevent confusion when they are taken out
of the packaging box and stacked up. According to the
system design requirements, the color of PV modules
in the same row or the same array should be the same.
5 Mechanical installation
5.1 Environment
 Recommended ambient temperature: -20°C to 50°C;
extreme operating ambient temperature for PV

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modules: -40 °C to 85°C.
 Mechanical load on PV modules: under standard
installation conditions, the maximum tested
snow/wind load is 5400 Pa/2400 Pa and the design
load (considering a safety factor of 1.5 times) is
3600 Pa/1600 Pa. Refer to 5.3 for detailed
installation and mechanical loads.
 PV modules are strictly forbidden to be installed
and used in environments with excessive amounts
of hail, snow, hurricanes, sand, soot, air pollution,
and etc. PV modules are strictly forbidden to be
installed or used in environments where there are
strongly corrosive substances (e.g. salt, salt spray,
brine, active chemical vapors, acid rain, strong
vapor confined environments or any other
substance that will corrode PV modules and affect
their safety or performance).
 If the PV modules will be installed in special
environments such as high temperature and high
humidity environments, humid salt-mist
environments (C3+areas specified in ISO 9223),
marine and floating environments and farms, the
purchaser or user needs to inform Chint Solar in
advance. The types of PV modules, BOM, and
warranty issues will be decided by mutual
agreement between the parties.
 If the above precautions are not observed, Chint
Solar’s warranty will be void.
5.2 Tilt angle selection
The tilt angle of a PV module refers to the angle
between the surface of the PV module and the ground
surface, as shown in Fig. 1. The power output of a PV
module is maximized. when it faces the sun directly.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of tilt angle
For northern hemisphere, PV modules should
preferably face south. For southern hemisphere, PV
modules should preferably face north. For detailed
mounting inclination, please follow local regulatory
guidelines or the recommendations of an experienced
installer. Chint Solar recommends an installation tilt
angle of no less than 10°, so that when it rains, the dust
on surface is easily carried away by the rainwater, thus
reducing the number of times of clean; at the same
time, it helps the water on the surface of the PV
module to flow away, avoiding the long-term
accumulation of large amounts of water on the glass
surface, which can affect the appearance and
performance of the PV module.
PV modules connected in series should be installed in
the same orientation and angle. Different orientations
and angles may result in different amounts of solar
radiation being received by each module, resulting in
power loss.
5.3 Mounting Guide
 PV module mounting system must be composed of
durable, corrosion-resistant and UV-resistant
materials, and it must be inspected and tested by a
third-party testing organization with static
mechanical analysis capabilities meeting national
and regional regulations or corresponding
international standards.

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 The PV module must be securely fastened to the
mounting system. If the PV module is mounted in a
snowy area, the height of the mounting system
should be designed in a way that the lowest end of
the PV module is not covered by snow. In addition,
it should be ensured that the lowest end of the PV
module is not shaded by surrounding trees or other
vegetation.
 When the PV module is mounted on a rack parallel
to the roof, the minimum clearance between the PV
module frame and the roof is 10cm, which is
necessary for air circulation to prevent wiring
damage of the PV module.
 The PV module frame will suffer thermal
expansion and contraction effect, therefore the
space between two adjacent PV module frames
should be no less than 10mm when mounted.
For detailed installation methods, please refer to the
following specifications:
5.3.1 Bolted mounting
All modules must be securely fastened with at least 4
bolts (As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 , Fig. 5 and
Fig. 6). The corresponding mechanical loads are
shown in Table 1.
Fig 2. Bolt installation for 54cell
Fig 3. Bolt installation for 60cell
Fig 4. Outer four-hole bolt installation for 72cell
Fig 5. Internal four-hole bolt installation for 72cell
Fig 6. 400mm-pitched mounting hole, bolted mounting for
single axis tracker
！ATTENTION
In order to achieve maximum safety precautions
against wind and snow loads, it is recommended that
all available mounting holes should be used. The bolt
installation steps are as follows (Fig. 7).

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Fig. 7 Diagram of the bolt installation process
① Place the PV module on top of the rack.
② Insert 4 stainless steel bolts in corresponding
mounting holes. The 9x14mm mounting holes
match with M8 bolts, while the 7x10mm mounting
holes match with M6 bolts. 7x10mm mounting
holes are positioned with a hole pitch of 400mm.
③ Make sure to use two stainless steel washers for
each bolt, one on each side of the rack. Then screw
on the top of a stainless-steel spring washer or
toothed lock washer. Finally, lock with a
stainless-steel nut.
④ The tightening torque is recommended to be
9~12Nm for M6 bolts and 17~23Nm for M8 bolts.
Due to the possible difference of bolt material, the
specific torque value is subject to the information
confirmed by the bolt supplier.
5.3.2 Clamped mounting
Photovoltaic modules can be installed across the
support frame (Fig. 8) or parallel to the frame of the
photovoltaic module (Fig. 9). When using clamps to
install, each module must be secured with a minimum
of 4 clamps.
Fig. 8 Rails overlapping the long-side frame
Fig. 9 Rails overlapping the short-side frame
！ATTENTION：
 The length of the rack must be longer than the PV
module, otherwise it should be confirmed by Chint
Solar in advance.
 The above two diagrams show the mounting
method using aluminum clamps. "D" indicates the
mounting range. Table 1 shows the recommended
mounting position and corresponding machine
loads.
 Each aluminum clamp is equipped with an M8 bolt,
a flat washer, a spring washer and an M8 nut. The
mounting steps are as follows:：
① Place the module on the two supporting rails (not
provided by Chint) which should be made with
stainless material and treated with an anti-corrosion
process (e.g. hot dipped galvanizing). Each PV
module needs at least four clamps to be fixed. The
module clamps should not come into contact with

11
the glass and should not deform the frame,
otherwise they may cause module damage.
② Be sure to avoid shadowing effects from the
module clamps. Weep holes on the module frame
must not be closed or obscured by the clamps. The
clamp must have at least 8mm but no more than
11mm overlap with the frame of the module (The
clamp section can be changed under the premise of
ensuring reliable installation).
③ The top surface of the rail contacted with module
frame should be equipped with grooves compatible
with an M8 bolt.
④ If the grooves are not provided, holes of a suitable
diameter may need to be drilled to allow bolts
attaching to the rail at the same locations as
mentioned above.
⑤ Ensure that the mounting sequence of each clamp is
in the order of flat washer, spring washer and nut.
⑥ There are two types of clamps, the mid clamp
shown in Fig 10 and the fringe clamp shown in Fig
11 and Fig. 12. The mid clamp has dimensions of a
≥40 mm, b≥26 mm, c≥5 mm, d≥28 mm, Ø =9
mm. For module of 182mm-wafer, the size of mid
and fringe clamp must meet a ≥60 mm. The
tightening torque is suggested to be 17~23Nm for
Class 8.8 screw and bolts.
Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of the mid clamp
Fig. 11 Schematic cross section of the fringe clamp
Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of the fringe clamp
⑦ To prevent modules from coming off the fixed
device after installation, it is suggested to choose
fringe and mid clamps and make contact with the
A side of the frame with groove patterns. Suggest
to have 9 patterns with a space between 2 adjecent
patterns of 1.2mm and a depth of 0.6mm, as shown
in figure 11.
⑧ For the installation method shown in Fig. 9, the
module needs to be fixed with professional clamps
(as shown in Fig. 13), and the overlap between the
C side of the module and the rail should be ≥
15mm. Chint’s limited warranty will be void if
improper clamps or improper installation is used.

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Figure 13 Mounting requirements for rails overlapping the
short-side frame
Table 1 Installation range and corresponding values
Module type
Module
dimension
L*W*H (mm)
Installation method
Fig 2 & Fig 3
& Fig 4
Fig 5 Fig 8 Fig 9 Fig 6
CHSM6610M
CHSM6610M/HV
CHSM6610P
CHSM6610P/HV
CHSM6610M(BL)
1648*990*35
1648*990*40
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
198~408mm
+2400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
50~200mm
---
1650*992*35
1650*992*40
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
198~408mm
+2400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
50~200mm
---
CHSM60M-HC
CHSM60P-HC
CHSM60M(BL)-HC
CHSM60M/LV-HC
1666*992*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
207~408mm
+2400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
50~200mm
---
CHSM60M-HC
CHSM60P-HC
CHSM60M(BL)-HC
CHSM60M/LV-HC
1675*992*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
215~415mm
+2400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
50~200mm
---
1692*1002*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
350±50mm
+2400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
50~200mm
---
1755*1038*35
1765*1048*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
400±50mm
+1800/-1800Pa
Installation scope
200±50mm
---

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Table 1 (continue)
Module type
Dimensions
L*W*H (mm)
Installation method
Fig 2 & Fig 3
& Fig 4
Fig 5 Fig 8 Fig 9 Fig 6
CHSM60M-HC
CHSM60M(BL)-HC
CHSM60M/LV-HC
1755*1038*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
350±50mm
+1800/-1800Pa
Installation scope
200±50mm
---
CHSM54M-HC
CHSM54M(BL)-HC 1708*1133*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa ---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
359±50mm
+1400/-1400Pa
Installation scope
200±50mm
---
CHSM6612M
CHSM6612M/HV
CHSM6612P
CHSM6612P/HV
1954*990*40
1954*990*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
299~498mm
---
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+Bumper
1960*992*40
1960*992*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
299~498mm
---
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+Bumper
CHSM72M-HC
CHSM72P-HC
CHSM72M/LV-HC
1986*992*40
1986*992*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
315~505mm
---
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+Bumper
2000*992*40
2000*992*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
315~505mm
---
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+Bumper
CHSM72M-HC
CHSM72P-HC
CHSM72M/LV-HC
2018*1002*40
2018*1002*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
350±50mm
---
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+Bumper
2108*1048*35
2094*1038*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
400±50mm
---
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+Bumper
2256*1133*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation scope
400~450mm
---
+1800Pa
-1800Pa
+Bumper

14
6 Electrical Installation
6.1 Electrical characteristics
The electrical characteristics are detailed in the PV
module product manual.
The rated values of electrical characteristics, including
Isc, Voc and Pmpp, have some tolerance with the
measured values at standard condition: ±5% for Isc,
±3% for Voc and ±3% for Pmpp. The standard test
condition refers to 1000W/m2, AM1.5 and cell
temperature at 25℃.
According to IEC and UL standards, the standard
maximum system voltage for the regular module series
is 1000V, the 1500V standard products are also
available according to the requirements. The IEC &
UL standard maximum system voltage for half-cell
module series is 1500V (except for BL &LV series PV
modules).
The actual maximum voltage must be less than the
standard maximum system voltage and the maximum
output voltage of the inverter and other electrical
equipment installed in the system. The number of PV
modules connected in series should match the voltage
specification of the inverter. The total voltage
generated by PV modules in series should not be
higher than the maximum voltage allowed by the
system.
To ensure the above requirements, the open-circuit
voltage of the string needs to be calculated at the
lowest expected ambient temperature at certain
location. This can be calculated using the following
formula:
Maximum system voltage≥N*Voc*[1+TCvoc*(Tmin-25)]
Where:
N: number of PV modules in a single string
Voc: open-circuit voltage of each PV module (refer to
the PV module nameplate or product manual)
TCvoc: temperature coefficient of PV module for
open-circuit voltage (refer to the PV module product
manual)
Tmin: minimum ambient temperature.
！ATTENTION
 Under normal operating conditions, the output
current and/or voltage of the PV module may be
higher than the value under standard testing
conditions. Therefore, in PV system design, for
example determining the rated voltage of
equipment, current carrying capacity of wires and
fuse and parameters associated with the output
power of PV modules, the corresponding
short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage
should be applied with a safety factor of 1.25. The
number of PV modules connected in series should
match the voltage specification of the inverter. The
total voltage generated by the PV modules
connected in series cannot be higher than the
maximum voltage allowed by the system.
 According to the National Electrical Code 690.8,
the parameters need to be multiplied by an
additional 125% (80% derating) factor, i.e. the
parameters including the optimum operating
current and voltage at standard test condition (STC)
needs to be multiplied by the square of 1.25 when
determining voltage ratings, conductor capacities,
fuse ratings, and control sizes for PV output.

15
 Depending on the maximum rated fuse current of
the PV module and the local electrical installation
standards, the connection of parallel strings of PV
modules needs to be equipped with suitable fuses
or preventive diodes for circuit protection purposes.
6.2 Electrical connection
To ensure the normal operation of the system, make
sure the polarity of cables is correct when connecting
modules or loads, such as inverters and batteries. If the
PV module is not connected correctly, the bypass
diode may be damaged. Fig. 14 shows how the PV
modules are connected in series and parallel. PV
modules can be wired in series to boost the voltage.
Series connections are made by connecting the wire
from the positive terminal of one module to the
negative terminal of the next module. PV modules can
be wired in parallel to increase the current by
connecting the positive terminal of one module to the
positive terminal of the next module. If a module is not
connected correctly, the bypass diode may be
damaged.
Fig. 14 Schematic diagram of electrical connection
！ATTENTION
 If one PV module string (or PV array) is connected
to another with opposite polarity, irreversible
damage can be caused to the PV module product.
Be sure to confirm the voltage and polarity of each
string before making a parallel connection. If
measurements reveal opposite polarity or a voltage
difference greater than 10V between the strings,
check their structural configuration before
proceeding with the connection.
 The number of modules connected in series and
parallel should be reasonably designed according to
the system configuration.
 PV modules with different electrical performance
models cannot be connected in one string.
 The system shall use special cables and connectors
for PV system and ensure that all connections are
securely fastened. The cable must be 4mm2 (i.e. 12
AWG) and withstand the maximum possible
open-circuit voltage of the PV system.
 When fixing the cable to the rack, it is necessary to
avoid mechanical damage to the cable or to the PV

16
module. Do not press the cable hard. To secure the
cable to the rack in the proper way, specially
designed UV-resistant coils and cable clips must be
used. Avoid direct sunlight and water soaking to the
cable.
 Keep the connectors dry and clean and make sure
that the nuts on the connectors are tightened before
connecting them. Do not connect the connectors
when they are damp, contaminated or in other bad
conditions. Avoid exposing connectors to direct
sunlight and soaking in water. Avoid the connectors
falling on the ground or the roof. Do not plug or
unplug the connectors when the PV module is in
live state. When it is necessary to remove the
connectors, ensure that the PV module is not in
working condition and that professional unlocking
tools and safety measures are used. Direct dragging
and pulling is forbidden.
 The junction box of the PV module contains bypass
diodes connected in parallel to the string of the PV
module. The bypass diode in the junction box
prevents module degradation due to shading or
covering. Refer to the junction box diode
specification provided in the relevant product
datasheet for more details. When the localized hot
spot phenomenon occurs in the PV module due to
partial shading or coverage, the diode in the
junction box will start to work, so that the module
current will no longer flow through the hot spot cell,
so as to limit the heat and loss of the PV module.
When a diode failure is suspected or found, please
contact Chint Solar and do not attempt to open the
junction box cover.
6.3 Grounding
The PV modules are designed with an anodised,
corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy frame as a rigid
support. To ensure safety and to avoid lightning strikes
and electrostatic damage to the PV modules, the PV
module frame must be earthed. The earthing device
must be in full contact with the interior of the
aluminum alloy of the frame, penetrating the surface
oxide film.The following is the specific grounding
method, as shown in Fig. 15.
Fig. 15 Grounding the aluminum frame with copper wire
 The grounding requirements must be checked in
accordance with the applicable regulations and
standards before work is started.
 Use the marked 5.5 mm grounding holes to ground
the anodized frame. Use one M5 nut, two M5 cut
washers, one M5 plain washer, one M5 spring
washer, and one M5 bolt and the copper wire. All
nuts, bolts, and washers shall be of type M5 and
made of stainless steel (Fig. 15).
 Insert the bolt through the cup washer and wrap the
copper wire around the bolt. (Note that the copper
wire cannot be attached directly to the aluminum.)

17
 Insert the bolt through the cut washer and then
through the hole in the aluminum frame.
 Add the spring washer and nut on the other side of
the bolt and tighten to secure all parts. The
tightening torque should be 4~4.5N•m.
！ATTENTION
 Use UL-467 certified bonding and grounding
devices, including Burndy (formerly Wiley
Electronics) Washer Electrical Equipment Bonding
(WEEB) and similar devices, such as barbed
washers, that meet the requirements of UL-467 and
is suitable for electrical bonding and grounding of
PV modules.
 Other grounding methods may be used when the
racking system is tested following the UL 2703
requirements.
 Do not drill any additional grounding hole on the
frame of the modules. The frame rails have
pre-drilled holes marked with a grounding sign.
These holes should be used for grounding purposes
and should not be used for mounting the modules.
7 Maintenance
PV modules must be inspected and maintained
regularly, especially during the warranty period, which
is the responsibility of the user. This helps to find and
figure out problems in time and ensure the safe and
effective operation of the PV system.
7.1 Routine Inspection
PV modules in PV arrays should be inspected regularly
for damages, such as glass breakage, cable breakage,
junction box damage, cell cracks, and backsheet
breakage and other factors that cause functional and
safety failures of PV modules. If any of the above
problems occurs, the supplier should be notified to
replace the broken module with a new one of the same
type in time.
It is recommended to perform preventive inspection
every 6 months and not to replace the components of
PV modules without authorization. When conducting
inspection or maintenance in term of the electrical and
mechanical performance, it is recommended that
qualified professionals perform the work to avoid
electric shock or personal injury.
Take routine maintenance to keep PV modules free of
snow, bird droppings, seeds, pollen, leaves, branches,
dust, stains, etc.
7.2 PV module cleaning
If the PV module has a sufficient angle of tilt (at least
15°), it is generally not necessary to clean the PV
module (as the rainfall will provide a self-cleaning
effect). If there is a large accumulation of dirt on the
PV module surface that has seriously affected the
power production, the module can be rinsed with water
without detergent, and use a gentle sponge or brush to
clean the surface during the cooler hours of the day.
Dust must not be scraped or wiped off under dry
conditions as this may result in tiny scuff marks. For
snow removal, the PV module surface can be cleaned
with a brush with soft bristles.
For more details on cleaning and maintenance, please
refer to the PV Module Cleaning Manual. .

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Modified version and date
· Rev 1.0, released in June 2018.
· Rev 1.1, released in July 2020.
· Rev 1.2, released in October 2021.
CHINT SOLAR (ZHEJIANG) Co., Ltd.
Add: 1335 Bin’an Rd, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, China 310053
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
http://energy.chint.com/