Astronergy Crystalline Silicon PV User manual

1
Crystalline Silicon PV
Module Installation
Manual

2
Catalogue
1Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Purpose.................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Scope of liability ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2Regulations......................................................................................................................................................... 3
3 Safety Precautions............................................................................................................................................. 3
3.1 General safety.......................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Operation safety measures....................................................................................................................... 5
4Handling, unloading and unpacking ............................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Transport and unloading.......................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Unpacking ............................................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Stack...................................................................................................................................................... 10
5Mechanical installation................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Environment.......................................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Tilt angle selection ................................................................................................................................ 11
5.3 Mounting Guide .................................................................................................................................... 12
5.3.1 Bolted mounting........................................................................................................................ 12
5.3.2 Clamped mounting.................................................................................................................... 14
6 Electrical Installation...................................................................................................................................... 17
6.1 Electrical characteristics........................................................................................................................ 17
6.2 Electrical connection............................................................................................................................. 18
6.3 Grounding.............................................................................................................................................. 20
7Maintenance..................................................................................................................................................... 21
7.1 Routine Inspection................................................................................................................................. 21
7.2 PV module cleaning .............................................................................................................................. 21
Modified version and date...................................................................................................................................... 22

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1Introduction
We appreciate for your trust and confidence towards
the photovoltaic (PV) module products manufactured
by Astronergy.
Please read all instructions and the electrical and
mechanical requirements in this manual carefully
before installation. Specialized skills are required for
installing and operating PV modules, and only
professionals are capable to perform this task. All
safety precautions in this manual shall be strictly
observed during installation, and the manual shall be
properly kept for further reference. The installer must
inform the end customer (or consumer) accordingly.
1.1 Purpose
This document provides detailed instructions and
safety precautions regarding the installation, electrical
connection, and maintenance of following PV modules
manufactured by Astronergy:
Table 1 This manual applies to photovoltaic module types
CHSM54M-HC
CHSM54N-HC
CHSM54M/LV-HC
CHSM54M(BL)-HC
CHSM54N(BL)-HC
CHSM54M(BLH)-HC
CHSM54N(BLH)-HC
CHSM60M-HC
CHSM60N-HC
CHSM60M/LV-HC
CHSM60M(BL)-HC
CHSM60N(BL)-HC
CHSM60M(BLH)-HC
CHSM60N(BLH)-HC
CHSM66M-HC
CHSM66N-HC
CHSM66M/LV-HC
CHSM72M-HC
CHSM72N-HC
CHSM72M/LV-HC
CHSM72M(BL)-HC
CHSM72N(BL)-HC
CHSM72M(BLH)-HC
CHSM72N(BLH)-HC
CHSM78M-HC
CHSM78N-HC
1.2 Scope of liability
No warranty expressed or implied is made with regard
to any information in this manual because how this
manual is complied with is beyond the control of
Astronergy. Astronergy shall not be liable for any
form of loss, including but not limited to loss, damage,
casualty or additional cost caused by improper
installation, operation, use and maintenance of PV
modules and systems.
Astronergy reserves the right to update this manual
without prior notice. In case of any inconsistency
between the description of different language versions
of this manual, the Chinese version shall prevail.
2Regulations
The mechanical installation and electrical connection
of PV systems should be performed in accordance with
local laws, regulations and corresponding international
and domestic standards including electrical codes,
building codes and electrical connection requirements.
Such requirements may vary from different mounting
location, e.g. rooftop system and floating systems.
Requirements may also vary with system voltage and
for DC/AC applications. Please contact local
authorities for detailed governing regulations.
3Safety Precautions
Astronergy’s modules are designed to meet the
requirements of IEC61215 and IEC61730, and they
have been qualified for Application Class A
(equivalent to Safety Class II requirements).
Modules can be applied to publicly accessible
systems operating at greater than 50V DC or 240W.
The module design complies with IEC61730 and

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UL61730 standards and meets Class C fire rating
(IEC61730), type 4 fire rating (UL61730).
！WARNING
Read and understand all safety instructions before
installing, wiring, handling, and/or maintaining PV
modules. PV modules generate direct current
electricity when they are exposed to sunlight or other
light sources. Whether the module is connected or not,
direct contact with the live part of the module such as
the wiring terminal may cause personal injury or even
death.
3.1 General safety
Before installation, please contact the relevant local
authority to make sure the installation permit and
installation inspection requirements can meet the
local requirements. The installation process should
comply with the safety rules applicable to all
components in the system, including cables,
terminals, charging monitors, batteries, inverters,
etc.
Installation and maintenance must be completed by
professionally qualified engineers. During the
installation, wear safety helmets, insulating gloves,
safety shoes and use insulating tools to avoid the
direct contact with a DC voltage of 30V or even
higher.
During the installation and turnover of modules at
the Project place，The rainproof measures should be
taken to prevent the outer box from getting wet.
When installing or operating PV modules on rainy
days or dewy mornings, take appropriate protective
measures to prevent moisture from penetrating the
connectors.
Unauthorized personnel are prohibited from
approaching the installation area or PV module
storage area.
It is forbidden to install or use damaged PV
modules.
It is forbidden to repair PV modules by
unauthorized personnel, including but not limited
to replacing any part of PV modules (such as
diodes, junction boxes, connectors, etc.).
It is forbidden to plug in connectors of different
types and models.
It is forbidden to expose PV modules to the
following substances: grease or organic ester
compounds (e.g. DOP, plasticizers), aromatics,
phenols, ketones, halogenated substances, mineral
oil, alkanes (e.g. gasoline, cleaning lubricants,
electronic resurrection agents), alcohol, , adhesive
sheets that can generate oxime gas and potting glue
(only for connectors), TBP (plasticizer), detergent,
etc., to avoid chemical damage and affect the
electrical safety performance of PV modules.
Photovoltaic module installation is prohibited on
windy days.
Avoid focusing sunlight on PV modules.
It is forbidden to place PV Modules where
flammable gas may be generated.
It is forbidden to install PV modules on movable
platform, excepting tracking systems.
It is forbidden to disassemble and move any part of
the PV module; if the connector of the PV module

5
is wet, do not perform any actions to avoid the risk
of electric shock.
It is forbidden to connect or disconnect the PV
module when there is electrical current or external
electrical current.
The cover of the junction box should always be
kept closed.
Avoid partial shading of PV modules for a long
period of time, otherwise the temperature of the
shaded module may rise due to hot spot effect,
burning the module and causing fire hazard in
severe cases.
For PV modules used in deserts or windy and
sandy areas, it is recommended to use connector
dust caps before installation, or take other measures
to prevent sand and dust from entering the
connectors, otherwise it may cause insertion
problems or electrical safety hazards.
After the modules are installed on the rack, it is
recommended to plug in the connectors on the
same day to prevent moisture or wind and sand
from invading, causing mating or use problems.
For wiring connections, please use standard PV
copper wires with a cross-section area of at least
4mm2, and should be light-resistant and
temperature-resistant at a minimum of 90℃.
3.2 Operation safety measures
Avoid package damaging and falling during
transportation and storage. Ensure the packing
cases are well ventilated, water-proof and dry.
After the arrival, carefully open the outer package
and prevent scratches and bumps of PV modules.
When stacking PV modules, strictly follow the
stacking requirements in chapter 4.3.
Avoid impact or scratches on any part of the PV
module, otherwise the reliability and safety of the
PV module will be affected; standing or walking on
the PV module is prohibited; at the same time, in
order to avoid glass damage, it is forbidden to
apply excessive load or distorted PV modules.
Do not install or carry PV modules by one person.
It is forbidden to pick up, drag, or move PV
modules by grabbing the junction box (including
the box body, cables, and connectors); when
placing a PV module on a flat surface, it must be
operated carefully and be aware of bumps in the
corners.
When installing or repairing the PV system, do not
wear any metal accessories to avoid the risk of
electric shock; if it is installed far above the ground,
please wear a seat belt.
When operating PV modules in the sun, please use
insulated tools, and wear rubber gloves and
protective clothing. At the same time, in order to
avoid the risk of arc and electric shock, do not
directly touch the junction box and the end of the
output cable (connector) with bare hands.
For electrical connection, choose a dry and
weak-light morning or evening; or use opaque
materials to completely cover the surface of the PV
modules to prevent current generation.
A certain distance between the PV module and the
installation surface should be kept to prevent the
installation surface from touching the junction box.
When installing on the roof, comply with the fire

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protection requirements of the building. It is
recommended to install PV modules on a fireproof
and insulated roof covering, and ensure adequate
ventilation between the PV modules and the
installation surface. In order to ensure the fire
rating on the roof, the minimum distance between
the frame of the PV module and the roof surface is
10cm.
The connector must be fully mated when wiring. If
the cable is too long, it is recommended to fix the
cable to the rack system with a UV-resistant nylon
cable tie. When fixing the cable to the rack, the
bending radius of the cable should be not less than
48mm.
Avoid directly exposing cables and connectors to
sunlight. Please use anti-UV cables.
Do not disconnect the electrical connection when
there is a load.
It is strictly forbidden to try to disassemble the PV
module, and it is strictly prohibited to remove the
nameplate of the PV module or other parts on the
PV module; it is strictly forbidden to paint or apply
any adhesive on the surface of the PV module.
It is strictly forbidden to drill holes in the frame of
the PV module.
It is strictly forbidden to scratch the anodized layer
on the surface of the aluminum alloy frame, except
when it is connected to the ground. Scratches may
cause corrosion of the frame, affecting the frame's
load-bearing capacity and long-term reliability.
If the PV module glass or other packaging
materials are damaged, please wear personal
protective equipment to separate the PV module
from the site or the circuit. It is strictly forbidden to
touch wet PV modules, unless you are wearing
electric shock protection equipment that meets the
requirements.
When professionals replace or repair PV modules,
do not damage the surrounding PV modules or their
support structures.
When cleaning PV modules, you must follow the
cleaning requirements of PV modules.
The connectors must be kept dry and clean to
ensure that they are in good working condition. Do
not insert other metal objects into the connector or
make electrical connections in any other way.
4Handling, unloading and unpacking
If the PV module is not in use, please do not open
the product packaging. The goods should be stored
in a dark, dry and ventilated place. If the PV
modules are stored in an uncontrollable
environment, the storage time must be less than 3
months when the outer packaging of the PV
modules is kept intact.
It is recommended to unpack an appropriate
number of PV modules per day according to the
project progress, and the unpacked PV modules
should be installed within a day. If unpacking too
many PV modules and being stacked on the ground,
in severe weather such as heavy rain and typhoons,
the PV modules may be immersed in water for a
long time affecting the reliability of the product or
be scraped away.
4.1 Transport and unloading

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During the transportation of the PV modules to the
project site, they must be packed in the packaging box
provided by Astronergy, and they should be stored in
the original packaging box before installation. Please
protect the packaging from damage.
It is necessary to ensure the safety when unloading PV
modules, especially when hoisting roof projects. The
PV modules should be placed in a protective device
and then hoisted to the roof to prevent the packing box
from deforming and bumping against the wall during
the hoisting process.
There are two packaging methods for Module of
210mm-wafer, vertical portrait package and vertical
landscape package. The requirements for unloading
and unpacking are also different. The packaging
method is as follows:
Vertical portrait package Vertical landscape package
Matters needing attention for unloading with crane:
1. Use specialized equipment for crane operation.
Select suitable hoisting equipment with enough
strength according to the weight and the size of the
load. Adjust the position of the sling to ensure the
center of gravity is stable and keep moving at a
stable speed. Place the package lightly on a flat
ground and right the package.
2. Do not unload the modules under conditions of
wind over class 6, rain and snow.
3. For vertical portrait packages, do not lift up more
than 2 pallets of modules at once. For vertical
landscape packages, do not lift up more than 2
pallets of modules at once. For lateral unloading ,
remove the pallet stacking belts before unloading.
Hoisting equipment
Vertical portrait package unloading with crane
Vertical landscape package unloading with crane
Matters needing attention for forklift unloading:
1. Unload from both sides of the truck.
2. Select a suitable tonnage forklift according to the

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module weight, the fork distance should be
adjusted to the maximum position without any
interference to the pallet, the forks should go into
the pallet at least 3/4 of the pallet depth during
unloading(the forks length L ≥3/4 of pallet
length),the backrest height should be not less than
1.7m and the backrest width should be not less
than 1.5m.
3. The contact position between the backrest and the
module package should be fixed with a buffer
material (preferably silicone, rubber, EPE) to
prevent the forklift from damaging the modules.
4. Since the packing box will block the sight of the
forklift driver, it is recommended to drive
backwards during the forklifting, and arrange for
special supervision and command to prevent
bumping into people or items causing personal
injury or damage to the modules.
Vertical portrait package unloading with forklift
Vertical landscape package unloading with forklift
Backrest: height ≥1.7m, width ≥1.5m
Cushion materials in front of the backrest
！Special instructions
Due to the limitation of the height of the container,
when the photovoltaic modules are removed from the
container, the distance between the upper surface of
the forklift tines and the ground should be less than
50mm, otherwise collisions may easily occur, which
may damage the photovoltaic modules. Unload the
front-most package in turn.
Unloading from container
Packaging turnover points are as follows:
1. When transporting the vertical portrait packages,
the entire module package shall prop against the
backrest, backrest shall perpendicular to the fork,
and the structure must be firm (withstand

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pressure ≥1.5 ton). When the entire module
package leans on the backrest, the backrest shall
not be deformed due to the pressure. the package
must be fixed using a safety rope with tensile
strength of ≥2000kgf, and place safety
guardrail on both sides of the forklift.
2. The forklift should be driven at a controlled
speed of ≤ 5 km/h in straight, and ≤ 3 km/h for
turning, so as to avoid sudden stop and rapid start.
3. When using the hydraulic vehicle to transport
the modules, the distance between the upper
surface of the fork and the ground should be less
than or equal to 75mm.
.
Forklift operation
Distance between the upper surface of the forklift tines and the
ground
4.2 Unpacking
Before unpacking, please make sure that the packaging
box is in good condition, it is recommended to use art
knife to remove the packing belt and wrapping film.
Violent removal is prohibited to avoid scratching the
modules in the box. It is strictly prohibited to unload
modules under the weather conditions of wind speed
greater than Level 6, heavy rain or heavy snow.
Please follow the recommended unpacking steps to
unpack the modules. When unpacking, it mustbe
operated by two or more people at the same time.
Always wear insulating gloves when handling the
modules.
If the unpacked modules are not installed immediately,
they should be fixed to the stand supporter with a
safety rope. When the modules need to be temporarily
stored after unpacking, they should be neatly and
stably stacked on two pallets of appropriate size, the
number of stacked modules should not exceed 14.
1. Prepare the following tools before unpacking: art
knife (scissors), safety hat, stand supporter, safety
shoes and anti-cutting gloves.
Safety helmet Pen knife Stand supporter
2. Stand supporter must be used for vertical portrait
package unpacking, and the steps are as follows:
1) Remove the packing belts, wrapping film, top cover
and carton box.
2) Place the stand supporter into the bottom of the
pallet from the glass or backsheet side

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3) Insert fixed bolts into the front hole of the support.
4) Cut off the horizontal packing belts.
5) Cut off the vertical packing belts excepting two
inner belts.
6)push the module gently to tilt towards the stand
supporter.
7) Cut the remaining packing belts.
8) Tear off the anti-fallen tape on the first module in
the front, and then take out the modules in order.
Vertical portrait package unpacking steps
3. A fixed support (wall, rack, stable unpacked module
pallets, etc.) must be ready for vertical landscape
package unpacking, and the steps are as follows
1) Remove the packing belts, wrapping film, top cover
and carton box.
2) Cut off the horizontal packing belts.
3) Cut off the vertical packing belts excepting two
inner belts, then push the module gently to tilt towards
the stand supporter.
4) Cut the remaining packing belts.
5) Take out the modules in order.
Vertical landscape package unpacking steps
4.3 Stack
When taking out the PV module from the packing box,
put the cardboard on the ground first to prevent the PV
module from colliding and scratching with the cement
surface, hard object on the ground, color steel tile,
metal corrugated, etc.
When the PV modules are stacked, they must be neatly
and stably stacked on a horizontal surface, and stacked
with the glass side of the bottom module facing up, the
glass side of other modules facing down. At the same
time, there must be cardboard bedding under the PV
modules, the number of piles should not exceed 14. At
the same time, avoid installation tools and other
objects on the surface of the PV module.
Astronergy PV modules adopt high and low current
bins, and the handlers need to place them separately
and mark them according to the markings on the
power list on the PV module outer packaging (for
example, 670W-L means low current bin; 670W-H
means high current bin; the current division method
required by other customers is similar); According to
the system design requirements, modules of the same
current bin are usually required to be installed in the
same array.
If the customer requires PV modules to be
distinguished by color, the outer packaging box shall
be marked accordingly, and the PV modules shall be

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marked to prevent confusion when they are taken out
of the packaging box and stacked up. According to the
system design requirements, the color of PV modules
in the same row or the same array should be the same.
Modules should be stored in a dry and ventilated
environment on a flat ground. Do not place modules
on soft ground to avoid damage or dumping of the
modules due to ground deformation or collapse. Do
not place modules on area with poor water drainage.
For long-term storage, it is recommended to store the
modules in a standard warehouse with regular
inspection, reinforce the package in a timely manner if
any anomalies are found.
No soft ground and water No inclination angle > 4°
5Mechanical installation
5.1 Environment
Recommended ambient temperature: -20°C to 50°C;
extreme operating ambient temperature for PV
modules: -40 °C to 85°C.
Mechanical load on PV modules: under standard
installation conditions, the maximum tested
snow/wind load is 5400 Pa/2400 Pa and the design
load (considering a safety factor of 1.5 times) is
3600 Pa/1600 Pa. Refer to 5.3 for detailed
installation and mechanical loads.
PV modules are strictly forbidden to be installed
and used in environments with excessive amounts
of hail, snow, hurricanes, sand, soot, air pollution,
and etc. PV modules are strictly forbidden to be
installed or used in environments where there are
strongly corrosive substances (e.g. salt, salt spray,
brine, active chemical vapors, acid rain, strong
vapor confined environments or any other
substance that will corrode PV modules an d
affect their safety or performance).
If the PV modules will be installed in special
environments such as high temperature and high
humidity environments, humid salt-mist
environments (C3+areas specified in ISO 9223),
marine and floating environments and farms, the
purchaser or user needs to inform Astronergy in
advance. The types of PV modules, BOM, and
warranty issues will be decided by mutual
agreement between the parties.
If the above precautions are not observed,
Astronergy’s warranty will be void.
5.2 Tilt angle selection
The tilt angle of a PV module refers to the angle
between the surface of the PV module and the ground
surface, as shown in Fig. 1. The power output of a PV
module is maximized. when it faces the sun directly.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of tilt angle
For northern hemisphere, PV modules should
preferably face south. For southern hemisphere, PV

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modules should preferably face north. For detailed
mounting inclination, please follow local regulatory
guidelines or the recommendations of an experienced
installer. Astronergy recommends an installation tilt
angle of no less than 10°, so that when it rains, the dust
on surface is easily carried away by the rainwater, thus
reducing the number of times of clean; at the same
time, it helps the water on the surface of the PV
module to flow away, avoiding the long-term
accumulation of large amounts of water on the glass
surface, which can affect the appearance and
performance of the PV module.
PV modules connected in series should be installed in
the same orientation and angle. Different orientations
and angles may result in different amounts of solar
radiation being received by each module, resulting in
power loss.
5.3 Mounting Guide
PV module mounting system must be composed of
durable, corrosion-resistant and UV-resistant
materials, and it must be inspected and tested by a
third-party testing organization with static
mechanical analysis capabilities meeting national
and regional regulations or corresponding
international standards.
The PV module must be securely fastened to the
mounting system. If the PV module is mounted in a
snowy area, the height of the mounting system
should be designed in a way that the lowest end of
the PV module is not covered by snow. In addition,
it should be ensured that the lowest end of the PV
module is not shaded by surrounding trees or other
vegetation.
When the PV module is mounted on a rack parallel
to the roof, the minimum clearance between the PV
module frame and the roof is 10cm, which is
necessary for air circulation to prevent wiring
damage of the PV module.
The PV module frame will suffer thermal
expansion and contraction effect, therefore the
space between two adjacent PV module frames
should be no less than 10mm when mounted.
For detailed installation methods, please refer to the
following specifications:
5.3.1 Bolted mounting
All modules must be securely fastened with at least 4
bolts (As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 , Fig. 5 , Fig. 6,
Fig.7 , Fig. 8 , Fig. 9 ). The corresponding mechanical
loads are shown in Table 2.
Fig. 2 Bolt installation for 54cell
Fig. 3 Bolt installation for 60cell

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Fig. 4 Bolt installation for 66cell
Fig. 5 Outer four-hole bolt installation for 72cell
Fig. 6 Internal four-hole bolt installation for 72cell
Fig. 7 60cell PV module 400mm spacing bolt installation
Fig. 8 66cell PV module 400mm spacing bolt installation
Fig. 9 72cell PV module 400mm spacing bolt installation
！ATTENTION
In order to achieve maximum safety precautions
against wind and snow loads, it is recommended that
all available mounting holes should be used. The bolt
installation steps are as follows (Fig. 10).
Fig. 10 Diagram of the bolt installation process
①Place the PV module on top of the rack.
②Insert 4 stainless steel bolts in corresponding
mounting holes. The 9x14mm mounting holes
match with M8 bolts, while the 7x10mm mounting
holes match with M6 bolts. 7x10mm mounting
holes are positioned with a hole pitch of 400mm.
③Make sure to use two stainless steel washers for
each bolt, one on each side of the rack, the
minimum thickness of the washer is 1.5mm, and
the outer diameter is 16mm, but for 210 wafer size
modules, the outer diameter is 20mm, then screw

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on the top of a stainless-steel spring washer or
toothed lock washer. Finally, lock with a
stainless-steel nut.
④The tightening torque is recommended to be
9~12Nm for M6 bolts and 17~23Nm for M8 bolts.
Due to the possible difference of bolt material, the
specific torque value is subject to the information
confirmed by the bolt supplier.
5.3.2 Clamped mounting
Photovoltaic modules can be installed across the
support frame (Fig. 11) or parallel to the frame of the
photovoltaic module (Fig. 12). PV modules can also be
installed with four fulcrums (Fig 13). When using
clamps to install, each module must be secured with a
minimum of 4 clamps.
Fig. 11 Rails vertical to the long-side frame
Fig. 12 Rails overlapping the short-side frame
Fig. 13 Four clamp mounting on short side of frame
！ATTENTION：
The length of the rack must be longer than the PV
module, otherwise it should be confirmed by
Astronergy in advance.
The above two diagrams show the mounting
method using aluminum clamps. "D" indicates the
mounting range. Table 1 shows the recommended
mounting position and corresponding machine
loads.
Each aluminum clamp is equipped with an M8 bolt,
a flat washer, a spring washer and an M8 nut. The
mounting steps are as follows:
①Place the module on the two supporting rails (not
provided by Astronergy) which should be made
with stainless material and treated with an
anti-corrosion process (e.g. hot dipped galvanizing).
Each PV module needs at least four clamps to be
fixed. The module clamps should not come into
contact with the glass and should not deform the
frame, otherwise they may cause module damage.
②Be sure to avoid shadowing effects from the
module clamps. Weep holes on the module frame
must not be closed or obscured by the clamps. The
clamp must have at least 8mm but no more than
11mm overlap with the frame of the module (The
clamp section can be changed under the premise of

15
ensuring reliable installation).
③The top surface of the rail contacted with module
frame should be equipped with grooves compatible
with an M8 bolt.
④If the grooves are not provided, holes of a suitable
diameter may need to be drilled to allow bolts
attaching to the rail at the same locations as
mentioned above.
⑤Ensure that the mounting sequence of each clamp is
in the order of flat washer, spring washer and nut.
⑥There are two types of clamps, the mid clamp
shown in Fig. 14 and the fringe clamp shown in Fig.
15 and Fig. 16. The mid clamp has dimensions of a
≥40 mm, b≥26 mm, c≥5 mm, d≥28 mm, Ø =9
mm. For module of 182/210mm-wafer, the size of
mid and fringe clamp must meet a≥60 mm. The
tightening torque is suggested to be 17~23Nm for
Class 8.8 screw and bolts.
Fig. 14 Schematic diagram of the mid clamp
Fig. 15 Schematic cross section of the fringe clamp
Fig. 16 Schematic diagram of the fringe clamp
⑦To prevent modules from coming off the fixed
device after installation, it is suggested to choose
fringe and mid clamps and make contact with the
A side of the frame with groove patterns. Suggest
to have 9 patterns with a space between 2 adjecent
patterns of 1.2mm and a depth of 0.6mm, as shown
in figure 15.
⑧For the installation method shown in Fig. 12, the
module needs to be fixed with professional clamps
(as shown in Fig. 17), and the overlap between the
C side of the module and the rail should be ≥
15mm. Astronergy’s limited warranty will be void
if improper clamps or improper installation is used.
Fig.17 Mounting requirements for rails overlapping the
short-side frame

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Table 2 Installation range and corresponding values
Module type
Dimensions
L*W*H (mm)
Installation method
Fig 2 & Fig
3 & Fig 4&
Fig 5
Fig 6
Fig 11
Fig 12
Fig 13
Fig 7 &
Fig 8 &
Fig9
CHSM54M-HC
CHSM54M/LV-HC
CHSM54M(BL)-HC
CHSM54M(BLH)-HC
CHSM54N-HC
CHSM54N(BL)-HC
CHSM54N(BLH)-HC
1708*1133*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
309~409mm
+1800/-1800Pa
Installation
scope
150~250mm
+1800/-1800Pa
Installation
scope
0~250mm
---
1722*1134*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
316~416mm
+1800/-1800Pa
Installation
scope
150~250mm
+1800/-1800Pa
Installation
scope
0~250mm
---
CHSM60M-HC
CHSM60M/LV-HC
CHSM60M(BL)-HC
CHSM60M(BLH)-HC
CHSM60N-HC
CHSM60N(BL)-HC
CHSM60N(BLH)-HC
1755*1038*35
1765*1048*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
400±50mm
+1800/-1800Pa
Installation
scope
200±50mm
---
1755*1038*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
350~400mm
---
---
---
1903*1134*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
320-520mm
+1600/-1600Pa
Installation
scope
150~250mm
2172*1303*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
375~425mm
---
---
+1800Pa
-1800Pa
+Bumper
CHSM66M-HC
CHSM66M/LV-HC
CHSM66N-HC
2384*1303*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
450~550mm
---
---
+1800Pa
-1800Pa
+Bumper

17
Table 2 (continue)
Module type
Dimensions
L*W*H (mm)
Installation method
Fig 2 & Fig
3 & Fig 4&
Fig 5
Fig 6
Fig 11
Fig 12
Fig 13
Fig 7 & Fig 8 &
Fig9
CHSM72M-HC
CHSM72M/LV-HC
CHSM72M(BL)-HC
CHSM72M(BLH)-HC
CHSM72N-HC
CHSM72N(BL)-HC
CHSM72N(BLH)-HC
2094*1038*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
400±50mm
---
---
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+Bumper
2094*1038*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
400-450mm
---
---
---
2256*1133*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
+2400Pa
-2400Pa
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
400~500mm
---
---
+1800Pa
-1800Pa
+Bumper
2278*1134*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
400~500mm
---
---
+1800Pa
-1800Pa
+Bumper
2278*1134*30
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
430~530mm
---
---
+1800Pa
-1800Pa
CHSM78M-HC
CHSM78N-HC
2465*1134*35
+5400Pa
-2400Pa
---
+5400/-2400Pa
Installation
scope
480~530mm
---
---
+1800Pa
-1800Pa
6Electrical Installation
6.1 Electrical characteristics
Module electrical ratings are measured under Standard
Test Conditions(STC: 1000W/m2irradiance, AM1.5
spectrum and a cell temperature of 25°C). Please refer
to the datasheet or the product nameplate for the main
electrical characteristics, maximum system voltage and
tolerance of Isc, Voc and Pmpp.
Under certain conditions, the output current and/or
voltage of the PV module may be higher than the value
under standard testing conditions. Therefore, the value
of Isc marked on the module should be multiplied by
1.25, and Voc on the module should be multiplied by a
correction factor (see table 3 below) when determining
component ratings and capacities. Depending on your
local regulations, an additional 1.25 multiplier for the
Isc(giving a total multiplier of 1.56) may be applicable
when sizing conductors and fuses.

18
Table 3 Correction factor of Voc at low temperature
Lowest Estimated Ambient
Temperature(℃)
Correction factor
24 ~ 20
1.02
19 ~ 15
1.04
14 ~ 10
1.06
9 ~ 5
1.08
4 ~ 0
1.10
-1 ~ -5
1.12
-6 ~ -10
1.14
-11 ~ -15
1.16
-16 ~ -20
1.18
-21 ~ -25
1.20
-26 ~ -30
1.21
-31 ~ -35
1.23
-36 ~ -40
1.25
Alternatively, a more accurate correction factor for the
Voc can be calculated using the following formula:
Cvoc=1-αVoc x（25-Tmin）
Where: Cvoc is the correction factor of Voc.αVoc (%/°C)
is the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of
the selected module (refer to corresponding datasheet).
Tmin(°C) is the expected lowest ambient temperature at
the system installation site.
The string voltage must not be higher than the
maximum system voltage, as well as the maximum
input voltage of the inverter and other electrical
equipment installed in the system. To ensure the above
requirements, the open-circuit voltage of the string
needs to be calculated using the following formula:
Maximum system voltage≥N*Voc*Cvoc
Where: N is the number of PV modules in a single
string. Voc is the open-circuit voltage of each PV
module (refer to the nameplate or product datasheet).
！ATTENTION
Depending on the maximum fuse ratings of the PV
module, and the local electrical installation standards,
the connection of parallel strings of PV modules needs
to be equipped with suitable fuses or preventive diodes
for circuit protection purposes.
Electrical calculations and design must be performed
by a competent engineer or consultant.
6.2 Electrical connection
To ensure the normal operation of the system, make
sure the polarity of cables is correct when connecting
modules or loads, such as inverters and batteries. If the
PV module is not connected correctly, the bypass
diode may be damaged. Fig. 17 shows how the PV
modules are connected in series and parallel. PV
modules can be wired in series to boost the voltage.
Series connections are made by connecting the wire
from the positive terminal of one module to the
negative terminal of the next module. PV modules can
be wired in parallel to increase the current by
connecting the positive terminal of one module to the
positive terminal of the next module. If a module is not
connected correctly, the bypass diode may be
damaged.

19
Fig. 17 Schematic diagram of electrical connection
！ATTENTION
If one PV module string (or PV array) is connected
to another with opposite polarity, irreversible
damage can be caused to the PV module product.
Be sure to confirm the voltage and polarity of each
string before making a parallel connection. If
measurements reveal opposite polarity or a voltage
difference greater than 10V between the strings,
check their structural configuration before
proceeding with the connection.
The number of modules connected in series and
parallel should be reasonably designed according to
the system configuration.
PV modules with different electrical performance
models cannot be connected in one string.
The system shall use special cables and connectors
for PV system and ensure that all connections are
securely fastened. The cable must be 4mm2(i.e. 12
AWG) and withstand the maximum possible
open-circuit voltage of the PV system.
When fixing the cable to the rack, it is necessary to
avoid mechanical damage to the cable or to the PV
module. Do not press the cable hard. To secure the
cable to the rack in the proper way, specially
designed UV-resistant coils and cable clips must be
used. Avoid direct sunlight and water soaking to the
cable.
Keep the connectors dry and clean and make sure
that the nuts on the connectors are tightened before
connecting them. Do not connect the connectors
when they are damp, contaminated or in other bad
conditions. Avoid exposing connectors to direct
sunlight and soaking in water. Avoid the connectors
falling on the ground or the roof. Do not plug or
unplug the connectors when the PV module is in
live state. When it is necessary to remove the
connectors, ensure that the PV module is not in
working condition and that professional unlocking
tools and safety measures are used. Direct dragging
and pulling is forbidden.
The junction box of the PV module contains bypass
diodes connected in parallel to the string of the PV
module. The bypass diode in the junction box
prevents module degradation due to shading or

20
covering. Refer to the junction box diode
specification provided in the relevant product
datasheet for more details. I When the localized hot
spot phenomenon occurs in the PV module due to
partial shading or coverage, the diode in the
junction box will start to work, so that the module
current will no longer flow through the hot spot cell,
so as to limit the heat and loss of the PV module.
When a diode failure is suspected or found, please
contact Astronergy and do not attempt to open the
junction box cover.
6.3 Grounding
The PV modules are designed with an anodised,
corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy frame as a rigid
support. To ensure safety and to avoid lightning strikes
and electrostatic damage to the PV modules, the PV
module frame must be earthed. The earthing device
must be in full contact with the interior of the
aluminum alloy of the frame, penetrating the surface
oxide film.The following is the specific grounding
method, as shown in Fig. 18.
Fig. 18 Grounding the aluminum frame with copper wire
The grounding requirements must be checked in
accordance with the applicable regulations and
standards before work is started.
Use the marked 5.5 mm grounding holes to ground
the anodized frame. Use one M5 nut, two M5 cut
washers, one M5 plain washer, one M5 spring
washer, and one M5 bolt and the copper wire. All
nuts, bolts, and washers shall be of type M5 and
made of stainless steel (Fig. 18).
Insert the bolt through the cup washer and wrap the
copper wire around the bolt. (Note that the copper
wire cannot be attached directly to the aluminum.)
Insert the bolt through the cut washer and then
through the hole in the aluminum frame.
Add the spring washer and nut on the other side of
the bolt and tighten to secure all parts. The
tightening torque should be 4~4.5N•m.
！ATTENTION
Use UL-467 certified bonding and grounding
devices, including Burndy (formerly Wiley
Electronics) Washer Electrical Equipment Bonding
(WEEB) and similar devices, such as barbed
washers, that meet the requirements of UL-467 and
is suitable for electrical bonding and grounding of
PV modules.
Other grounding methods may be used when the
racking system is tested following the UL 2703
requirements.
Do not drill any additional grounding hole on the
frame of the modules. The frame rails have
pre-drilled holes marked with a grounding sign.