Aviation Artur Trendak TERCEL Owner's manual

AVIATIONARTURTRENDAK
PILOT OPERATING
HANDBOOK
GYROCOPTER
TERCEL
SERIALNUMBER:
REGISTRATION MARKS:
NUMBERON FILE:
THIS MANUAL WAS APPROVED BY ADECISION OF
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
DATED …………………………………. NO. ………………………
THIS GYROCOPTER CAN BE USED IN THE ULTRALIGHT CATEGORY
FORLEISURE,SPORTSANDDEMONSTRATIONPURPOSES, EXCLUDING
AIR TRANSPORT.THIS MANUAL IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR PROPER
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TRAINING BY A QUALIFIED
INSTRUCTOR. THE GYROCOPTER MUST BE OPERATED TO COMPLY
WITH THE RESTRICTIONSAND INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN.
THIS MANUAL MUSTALWAYS BEAVAILABLE
ON BOARD THE GYROCOPTER

This manual has been developed to observe the regulations in Annex No. 5
UltralightAircraft of the Decree of the Minister of Infrastructure dated 25April
2005, excluding the application of some of the Laws of theAct on Air Law for
some sorts of aircraft as well as defining the conditions and requirements
concerning the use of this Aircraft (Official Journal 107 section 904) with
subsequentamendments.
It is prohibited to make any entries or supplements in this Pilot Operating
Handbook without the consent of the CivilAviationAuthority.

Organizational Information
Register of Changes
Any changes of this manual, except for the up-to-date weighing data,
mustberecordedinthetablebelowaswellasbeapprovedby the CivilAviation
Authority(CAA).
A new or revised text in changed pages must be marked with a black
verticallineonthemarginandachangenumber.Thenumberofthelastchange
in a given page and its date must be placed in the page footer. Every time a
change is entered, the pages listed in the table below must be mentioned.
Signature
Changeno. Desciption Pages Date

Signature
Changeno. Desciption Pages Date
Register of Changes

1 1-4 21.08.2014
2 5-15 21.08.2014
3 16-19 21.08.2014
4 20-34 21.08.2014
5 35-40 21.08.2014
6 41-45 21.08.2014
7 46-56 21.08.2014
8 57-60 21.08.2014
9 61 21.08.2014
List of Up-to-Date Pages
List of Up-to-Date Pages
Chapter Page Date Chapter Page Date

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TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Contents
Contents
Chapter 1
General Information
1.1 Introduction................................................................................ 1
1.2 Basis forAirworthinessAcknowledgment................................... 1
1.3 Description of the Gyrocopter ................................................... 2
1.3.1 General Data............................................................................. 2
Chapter 2
Restrictions
2.1 Introduction................................................................................ 5
2.2 Flight Speed .............................................................................. 5
2.3 Air Speed Indicator Marking...................................................... 6
2.4 DrivingUnit ................................................................................ 7
2.5 Rotor Rotational Speed ............................................................. 8
2.6 Rotor Tachometer Markings ...................................................... 9
2.7 Weights ................................................................................... 10
2.8 Position of the Centre of Gravity ............................................. 12
2.9 Approved Manoeuvers and Limitations.................................... 12
2.10 Manoeuver Load Factor .......................................................... 13
2.11 Crew........................................................................................ 13
2.12 Sorts of Usage ........................................................................ 13
2.13 Fuel ......................................................................................... 13
2.14 WindSpeed Restrictions ......................................................... 13
2.15 Other Restrictions.................................................................... 14
2.16 Height Speed - Diagram .......................................................... 15
Chapter 3
Emergency Procedures
3.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 16

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3.2 EngineFailure.......................................................................... 16
3.2.1 During Take-off........................................................... 16
3.2.2 During Flight .............................................................. 17
3.3 Startingthe Engine inFlight ..................................................... 17
3.4 Smoke or Fire.......................................................................... 17
. 3.4.1 DuringTaxiing .......................................................................... 17
3.4.2 DuringFlight ............................................................................ 18
3.5 Gliding ..................................................................................... 18
3.6 EmergencyLanding ................................................................. 18
3.7 Flat Tyre on Landing/Taxing ..................................................... 18
3.8 Jamming of the Throttle Lever during Flight ............................. 19
Chapter 4
Normal Procedures
4.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 20
4.2 Attaching the rotor ................................................................... 20
4.3 Daily Inspection ....................................................................... 21
4.4 Pre-flight Inspection................................................................. 26
4.5 Before Starting the Engine....................................................... 27
4.6 Starting the Engine .................................................................. 27
4.7 Checks after Starting the Engine ............................................. 28
4.8 Taxiing ..................................................................................... 29
4.9 Checks before Take-off ........................................................... 29
4.10 Prerotation and Take-off .......................................................... 29
4.11 Climb, Cross-Country Flight, Descent ...................................... 31
4.12 ApproachandLanding ............................................................. 32
4.13 Turning offtheEngine .............................................................. 33
4.14 Post-flightinspection................................................................ 33
4.15 Detachingthe Rotor................................................................. 33
Chapter 5
Performance
5.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 35
5.2 Characteristic Speeds ............................................................. 35
Contents

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5.3 Take-off .................................................................................... 36
5.4 Climb ....................................................................................... 36
5.5 DiagramforcalculatingTake-offDistanceandRate
of Climb depending onAirpressure and Temperature .............. 36
5.6 Landing .................................................................................... 38
5.7 RangeandFlightEndurance .................................................... 38
Chapter 6
Weight and Position of Centre of Gravity
6.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 41
6.2 Weights ................................................................................... 41
6.3 Position of the Centre of Gravity.............................................. 43
6.4 Entering the Weights and Position of the Centre of Gravity
of the Empty Gyrocopter ......................................................... 45
Chapter 7
Descrition of the Gyrocopter and Equipment
7.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 46
7.2 Airframe................................................................................... 46
7.3 Flight Controls ......................................................................... 46
7.4 CentralConsole ....................................................................... 49
7.5 InstrumentPanel...................................................................... 50
7.6 Main gear, Wheel Brakes ........................................................ 51
7.7 Seats and Safety Belts............................................................ 52
7.8 LuggageCompartment ............................................................ 52
7.9 Glazing, Doors......................................................................... 52
7.10 Power plant ............................................................................. 52
7.10.1 Engine .................................................................... 52
7.10.2 Propeller ................................................................. 53
7.11 EngineOil ................................................................................ 54
Contents

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7.12 Fuel System ............................................................................ 55
7.13 Electrical System .................................................................... 55
7.14 Static and Total Pressure System ............................................ 56
Chapter 8
Manoeuvring, Temporary Operation and Maintenance
8.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 57
8.2 Periodic Inspection of the Gyrocopter ..................................... 57
8.3 Repairs and Modifications ....................................................... 57
8.4 Manoeuvring on the Ground, Road Transport. ......................... 58
8.5 CleaningandConservation ...................................................... 58
Chapter 9
Supplements
9.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 61
9.2 List of Introduced Supplements ............................................... 61
Contents

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Chapter 1
GeneralInformation
1.1 Introduction
Thismanualhasbeenwritten to provide pilots withinformationessentialfor the
safe and effective operation of the TERCEL gyrocopter. The manual also
contains basic guidelines from the manufacturer and the legal requirements
concerning the performance of flights.
This manual is not a substitute for theorectical and practical
training by a qualified instructor
TERCELgyrocopterpilotsmustholdaqualificationcertificate,oravalidlicence
forultralight aircraft with specializationfor gyrocopters. Before anyflight, pilots
should be acquainted with the uniqueness of a gyrocopter. It is recommended
thatyoustudyboththisPilotOperatingHandbookand theAircraft Maintenance
Manual.
The gyrocopter can only be used for flight when it is technically operative and
holdsavalid authorization to performflights.Anauthorizationto perform flights
isenteredintothe ultralight aircraft book. Thisdocumentidentifies the ultralight
aircraft and contains details of its history of usage.
1.2 Basis for Airworhiness Acknowledgement
Details of the particular gyrocopter and its current air third-party insurance
should be entered into the aircraft records kept by the relevant Civil Aviation
Authority.
The TERCEL gyrocopter meets ultralight requirments. It constitutesthe basis
for the issue of Certificates, Permits and Approvals in accordance with the
Air. The certification document is a Type Certificate No.: 943 15-1 issued
by DULV.
1
Chapter 1
General Information

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2
Chapter 1
General Information
1.3 Desciption of the Gyrocopter
The TERCEL gyrocopter is a two seat, side-by-side, ultralight gyrocopter. The
main structural component is the composite fusalage. Two slender tail
beams are guided from the fusalage upon which the vertical twin fin tail is
housed(stabilizersandrudder),uponwhichin turn the horizontal stabilizer with
a symmetric section is mounted, equipped with winglets. The control surfaces
are a composit structure.Ametal mast is affixed to the fusalage on which the
control head with the lifting motor is mounted.
The metal two blade rotor is manufactured and delivered in a set (blades and
hub) by Aviation Artur Trendak. The blades are made from drawn aluminium
and are anodized and perfectly balanced.
The TERCELgyrocopter is powered by a CA 912 ULT engine. This is a
Rotax 912 UL engine, expertly modified by Aviation Artur Trendak with an
Iveco turbocharger. It is equipped with a three-blade composite Kaspar Aero
2/3 LT propeller, with the capability to manually change pitch.
The fixed three-wheel undercarriage has a single front wheel. The main legs
are made with a reinforced plastic composite. The front leg is dampened by a
pneumatic tyre. The undercarriage can be converted from standard to ordinary
with 350 mm diameter wheels.
Thespaciouscabinwith a width of 136 cmisaccessiblethrough large doors on
the right and left sides of the fusalage.Extensive glazing ensures optimum
visability.
1.3.1 General Data
Geometric Data:
•Rotor diameter 8.60 m

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•Rotorsurface 58,06m²
•Rotorbladechord 0.22 m
•Overall length (without rotor) 5.04 m
•Fusalagewidth 2.35 m
•Track of wheels 2.20 m
•Cockpit width 1.36 m
•Overallwidth 2.35 m
•Overallheight 2.87 m
•Wheeldiameter 0.35 m
Weight Data
kg lb
•Maximun Take-off weight 560 1,235
•Empty weight*295 649
•Load capacity 265 583
Power Unit Data
•Enginetype CA912 ULT
•Horse Power 122 at 5,800 rpm
•Reducer ratio 1 : 2.43
•Propeller KASPAR Aero 2/3 LT
•Propeller diameter 1.72 m
•Fuel tank capacity 120 litres
Chapter 1
General Information
*without rotor.
ALWAYS check actual Weight and Ballance report !

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TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Chapter 1
General Information
4

4
Chapter 2
Restrictions
Chapter 2
Restrictions
2.1 Introduction
Chapter2includestherestrictionsofusage,markingsofinstrumentsandbasicplacards,crucialto
thesafeuseofthegyrocopter,itsengine,standardsystemsandstandardequipment.
2.2 Flight Speed
Speed restrictions and their importance are presented in the table below:
Speed IAS
(km/h) IAS
(kt) Notes
VNE Never exceed speed 200 108
VNO Maximumstructural 130 70
VDManoeuvring speed 90 49
VMIN Minimum speed 60 32
Donotexceedthisspeedtanytime
Do not exceed this speed except in
tranquil weather conditions and
exercisingcaution
cross-countryspeed
Donotperfornfullorviolentmovements
abovethisspeed,becauseundercertain
conditions,fullmovementsofthecontrol
surfaces can cause an overload of the
gyrocopter
The minimum speed for established
horizontalflight
5

2.3 Air Speed Indicator Markings
One of the speed placards shown below must be installed on the instrument panel in front of
the pilot (corresponding with the units for scaling the air speed indicator):
0-130 0-70 Rangeofnormaluse
130-200 70-108 Warningrange
200 108 Never exceed speed (VNE)
Green arch
Yellow arch
Red line
Yellow triangle 100 54 Flight best ascent speed (VY)
Marking (kt) Notes
Value or Range
(km/h)
VNE = 200 km/h
VX= 95 km/h
VY= 100 km/h
Vmin = 60 km/h
VD= 90 km/h
1 person
I
A
SVD= 90 km/h
2 person
VNE = 108 kt
VX= 51 kt
VY= 54 kt
Vmin = 32 kt
VD= 49 kt
1 person
I
A
SVD= 49 kt
2 person
6
Chapter 2
Restrictions
CAUTION
Speedometer indications fluctuate during steep climbs and descents due to
the changes in the pitch attitude.
6

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Restrictions
2.4 Driving Unit
Maximum Take-off Power 122 hp 5800 max. 45.5 in Hg
MaximumContinuousPower 100 hp 5500 max. 39.0 in Hg
75% Take-off Power 90.75 hp - max. 37.0 in Hg
Idle - 1450
CA 912 ULT
Rotax 912 UL engine, modified by
AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK by
adding the Iveco Turbo Compressor
Enginemodel
Power
Oil type
Manifold
Pressure
RPM
10W40
minimum normal maximum
2-5 bar
(above
3,500 rpm)
7 bar0.8 bar
(above
3,500 rpm)
Oil pressure
90-110º C
Oil temperature 140º C 50º C
7

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Fuel (type)
Min. fuel pressure 0.15 bar
Max. fuel pressure 0.4 bar
Maximumcoolant exit temperature 120 ºC
Maximumcylinderhead temperature 135 ºC
Propellermanufacturer KASPARAERO
Propellermodel Ka-2/3-LT
Propeller diameter 1.72 m
Propellerblade angle
Lead-free car petrol with the
minimumoctanenumberof95,or
above. (98 recommended)
12º (in measurement section, in
accordancewithpropellermanual)
Rotor rotational speed rpm
normal at maximum weight (MTOW) 360 - 390
normal at minimum weight (~330 kg) 330 - 340
duringautorotation 310 - 340
minimumforlevel flight 270
2.5 Rotor Rotational Speed
8
Chapter 2
Restrictions

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Restrictions
WARNING
A load factor below 1g during flight causes the rotor rotational speed to fall
and if maintained, it can lead to the buffeting of the rotor blades and disaster.
180
150
2.6 Rotor Tachometer Markings
Red line 150
Red triangle 180 Duringtake-offmin rotor rpm for full
throttle
Yellow arch 180-330; 390 -500 Warningrange
Green arch 330 - 390Normalrange
Marking
Afterlandingmarotorrpm for
usingtherotorbrake
Notes
Value or range [rpm]
9
Rotor rotational speed rpm
minimum until the full opening
of the throttle during take-off
maximum for using the rotor
brake

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2.7 Weights
Maximumtake-offweight(MTOW) 560 kg 1,235lb
Nominal proper weight *295 kg 649 lb
Minimumcrew weight 60 kg 132 lb
Maximumcrew weight 170 kg 375 lb
Maximumone person weight 120 kg 264 lb
Maximumfuelweight 90 kg 199lb
Maximumluggageweight 2 x10 kg 2 x 22 lb
*Weight without rotor. The actual proper weight for a particular model is
written in the current weighing report and in subsection 6.4 of this manual.
Thecurrenttake-off weight is equalto the sum ofthe empty gyrocopter weight
andthe weightsofthecrew,luggageandfuel.Under no circumstances, exceed
the approved maximum take-off weight (MTOW) equal to 560 kg (1235 lb).
The proposed load sheet is set out below:
Nominalproper weight
Crew weight
Fuelweight
Luggageweight
Total:
Weight Minimum Maximum
10
Chapter 2
Restrictions

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11
Chapter 2
Restrictions
WARNING
Exceeding the maximum weight published is highly
dangerous and prohibited.
The baggage in the space behind the seats must not exceed 10 kg (22 lb).
During solo flights, it is recommended to place ballast on the passenger seat,
fastened with seat belts to ensure the appropriate balancing of the machine.
Ballast in the form of a sack of sand, or a can of water is recommended. The
ballast must be protected against movement. The ballast weight is set out
below:
Pilot left seat
weight (kg) Ballastright
seat (kg) Ballast right
seat (lb)
50 - 60 kg 12 kg 26 lb
60 - 80 kg 10 kg 22 lb
80 - 100 kg 8 kg 18 lb
Pilot right seat
weight (kg) Ballast left
seat (kg) Ballast left
seat (lb)
50 - 60 kg 15 kg 33 lb
60 - 80 kg 13 kg 29 lb
80 - 100 kg 11kg 24 lb