AvL Technologies AAQ TLE Tracking Module Setup guide

AAQ TLE Tracking
Module
Setup & Operations Guide
Revision R11.9.0
Documentation of the TLE Tracking method, module, configuration, and
behavior when used with the AvL Technologies antenna system
Appendix O
AvL Technologies
900-159-014

TLE Tracking Module Operations
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Revision History
Date
Revision
Revision
By
Approved
By
Revision Description
2/22/16
Rev. 1.0
WL
Initial Release for 11.6
2/25/16
Rev. 1.1
WL
Updates to Configuration items
3/9/16
Rev. 1.2
WL
Additions to monitoring Section
6/28/16
Rev. 11.6.0
WL
Change to revision sequence and additions
to Configuration items
9/21/16
Rev. X11.7
WL
Updates for X11.7
10/21/16
R11.8.0
JF
MF
Updated for R11.8, added approved by in
revision history
3/22/17
R.11.9.0
WL/AY
JF
Updated for R11.9.0
Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1. Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. TLE Track Concepts....................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Setup Guide......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Hardware...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Software ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3. Hardware Connection .................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.1. Serial Communication Connection ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.3.2. Ethernet Communication Connection ................................................................................................................... 4
3. Configuration ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1. Core Configuration Items ............................................................................................................................................. 5
3.2. Target Configuration Items .......................................................................................................................................... 8

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3.3. Signal Configuration Items ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.4. Feed Configuration Items........................................................................................................................................... 15
4. Operation .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1. Functional Overview................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.1. TLE Scan Step Enable = No................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.2. TLE Scan Step Enable = Yes .................................................................................................................................. 16
4.2. Sensor Outputs........................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3. Satellite list ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
4.4. Module Windows ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.4.1. Device Window.................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.4.2. Device Control Window....................................................................................................................................... 22
5. Issues and Troubleshooting .............................................................................................................................................. 24
Figures
Figure 1 - Version Info............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Figure 2 –TLE Core Configuration........................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 3 –Target Configuration, “tle”..................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4 - Target Configuration, "skip; run; method" ........................................................................................................... 10
Figure 5 - Target Configuration, "reference" ........................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 6 –Signal Configuration Window, “tle” ..................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 7 –Sensor Output Window........................................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 8 –Satellite List .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 9 –Add New Satellite................................................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 10 - Graphic Controller Window ................................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 11-- TLE Offset Control Window ................................................................................................................................ 23

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1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
This module adds the capability for the AAQ to perform TLE (Two Line Element) tracking. If desired, the module can
also be configured to augment the TLE tracking with scans and step tracking to further increase tracking accuracy.
To activate the TLE Module, select a profile which is configured to use the TLE module. Then simply select the
“Acquire” button on the AAQ remote GUI. The antenna will initialize all sensors and obtain antenna positioning data. It
may also refine the terminal heading by using either SatTant or Reference Satellite functions. The tracking module will
then become active and use the configured TLE data to find the satellite and begin tracking.
When step track scanning is enabled, the module will scan for signal power using the configured signal source device
to correct for any errors in heading and refine the satellite location before performing TLE tracking. The module will
also run step track periodically to further refine the satellite location and ensure the antenna is centered on the peak
power location.
1.2. TLE Track Concepts
A two-line element set (TLE) is a data format encoding a list of orbital elements of an Earth-orbiting object for a given
point in time, the epoch. Using suitable prediction formula, the state (position and velocity) at any point in the past or
future can be estimated to some accuracy. The TLE data representation is specific to the simplified perturbations
models (SGP, SGP4, SDP4, SGP8 and SDP8), so any algorithm using a TLE as a data source must implement one of the
SGP models to correctly compute the state at a time of interest.
The format uses two lines of 80-column ASCII text to store the data. The United States Air Force tracks all detectable
objects in Earth orbit, creating a corresponding TLE for each object, and makes available TLEs for non-classified objects
on the website Space Track. The TLE format is a standard for distribution of an Earth-orbiting object's orbital elements.
TLEs can describe the trajectories only of earth orbiting objects.
Note: TLE data becomes less accurate with age and must be updated regularly.

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2. Setup Guide
2.1. Hardware
An AAQ Controller is necessary for the system and a Tracking Receiver is optional.
2.2. Software
Verify that you are using Release R11.9 or above software. From the main GUI, click:
Version Info
Main Window → Help → Version Info.
Level 0
Be sure that the Remote Client, ROM, and device module are at or above the versions shown below:
Figure 1 - Version Info
2.3. Hardware Connection
2.3.1. Serial Communication Connection
Serial connection is not an option for this module.
2.3.2. Ethernet Communication Connection
Ethernet connection is not an option for this module.

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3. Configuration
The TLE Tracking module uses configuration items to allow the user to tailor the module's operation and its interaction
with the AAQ controller. These configuration items are located in the Core, Target, and Signal tabs of the Configuration
Window based on their scope.
3.1. Core Configuration Items
Path
Main Window → View → Configuration
Level 4
Figure 2 –TLE Core Configuration

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Long Name
Level
Type
Value Range
Description
TLE Reflector Size (m)
4
Float
-
The size of the currently mounted reflector,
defined in meters.
AvL Compass Com Port
4
String
-
The IP address of the NAV RIOM when the NAV
RIOM is used as the Time Source (192.168.0.63)
AvL Compass Com Port
Settings
4
String
-
The port used to communicate with the NAV
RIOM when the NAV RIOM is used as the Time
Source (9760)
Primary Heading Source
4
Choice
No compass, GPS,
Compass, Manual,
SatTant, Vector
Compass, AvL GPS
Set to Compass, Manual, or Vector
Compass
Heading for Manual
Compass
4
Float
0.0 to 360.0
Heading in degrees to use as the frame heading if
the Heading Source is Manual
Time Source
4
Choice
None, NTP, NAV
RIOM GPS, XML,
Vector Compass
GPS, Manual Time
Time source used by the controller for time
synchronization. Set to NAV RIOM GPS, Vector
Compass GPS, or Manual Time
GPS Source
4
Choice
Manual GPS, NAV
RIOM GPS, Vector
Compass GPS
The device to use as the source of the GPS
location.
Manual Latitude
4
String
-
The latitude of the antenna in decimal degrees
and direction (i.e. 109.2 N) to use if Manual GPS
is selected as the GPS Source.
Manual Longitude
4
String
-
The longitude of the antenna in decimal degrees
and hemisphere (i.e. 99.2 E) to use if Manual GPS
is selected as the GPS Source.

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Manual Time Offset Date
4
String
-
The Date for Manual Time Offset. Format is MM-
DD-YYY in UTC
Manual Time Offset Time
4
String
-
Time for Manual Time Offset. Format is
hh:mm:ss in UTC
TLE Reflector Size –The size of the reflector currently mounted on the antenna system, defined in meters. This is used
to calculate the antenna’s half power beam width for scanning and tracking.
AvL Compass Com Port –This should be set to “192.168.0.63” if the NAV RIOM GPS is being used as a Time Source or
left blank otherwise. If this configuration item is changed, the antenna must be power cycled before the change will
take effect.
AvL Compass Com Port Settings –This should be set to “9760” if the NAV RIOM GPS is being used as a Time Source or
left blank otherwise. If this configuration item is changed, the antenna must be power cycled before the change will
take effect.
Primary Heading Source –The heading source desired for acquisition. An accurate heading is desired. Set to Vector
Compass, Manual, or Compass.
Heading for Manual Compass –The heading to be used when the Heading Source is set to Manual
Time Source –The current time source used to provide time sync to the AAQ controller. Accurate time is needed for
TLE tracking. Set to Vector Compass GPS, Manual, or NAV RIOM GPS.
GPS Source –The GPS source desired for acquisition. Set to Vector Compass GPS, Manual, or NAV RIOM GPS.
The settings below can be used to provide manual overrides in the case of NAV RIOM or Vector Compass failure.
Manual Latitude - The latitude in decimal degrees and direction to use when the GPS Source is Manual
Manual Longitude - The longitude in decimal degrees and direction to use when the GPS Source is Manual
Manual Time Offset Date –The date for Manual Time Source. Format is MM-DD-YYY in UTC. This format must be
adhered to exactly (including the “-“) for correct operation. TLE Tracking requires an accurate date. This offset must be
entered every time the antenna has been powered off for more than a minute and. the antenna must be power cycled
every time this is changed.
Manual Time Offset Time –The time for Manual Time Source. Format is hh:mm:ss in UTC. This format must be
adhered to exactly (including the “:“) for correct operation. This offset must be entered every time the antenna is
powered on. This offset must be entered every time the antenna has been powered off for more than a minute and.
the antenna must be power cycled every time this is changed.

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3.2. Target Configuration Items
Figure 3 –Target Configuration, “tle”
Long Name
Level
Type
Value Range
Description
Current Satellite TLE Line
1
4
Float
-
Line 1 of the NORAD Two Line Ephemeris
Current Satellite TLE Line
2
4
Float
-
Line 2 of the NORAD Two Line Ephemeris
TLE Scan Step Enable
4
Choice
Yes, No
TLE scan step enable
TLE Step Track Period
(Seconds)
4
Integer
0- 2678400
The amount of time between step track peaking
cycles, defined in seconds.
TLE Target Az Offset
4
Float
-180.0 -
180.0
A manual offset to be applied to the current target
position, defined in degrees of azimuth.

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TLE Target El Offset
4
Float
-90.0 - 90.0
A manual offset to be applied to the current target
position, defined in degrees of elevation.
TLE Target Pol Offset
4
Float
-180 - 180
A manual offset to be applied to the current target
position, defined in degrees of polarization.
Current Satellite TLE Line 1 –Line 1 of the TLE data for the target satellite as entered in the Satellite List.
Current Satellite TLE Line 2 –Line 2 of the TLE data for the target satellite as entered in the Satellite List.
TLE Scan Step Enable –This flag indicates whether the module will run scans and step tracking to refine the target
pointing. If the “TLE Scan Step Enable” is set to “No”, the module will use only TLE data and any user entered offsets to
track the satellite. If the “TLE Scan Step Enable” is set to “Yes”, the module will create its own offsets after performing
scans and step tracking using the configured signal source. When this configuration item has been changed, tracking
should be initiated by the Acquire command instead of the Track command (this ensures that all tracking data is
cleared).
TLE Step Track Period –This value determines the period in seconds between Step Track cycles if “TLE Scan Step
Enable” is set to “Yes”
TLE Target Az Offset –This is a manual offset applied to the current track position, defined in degrees of azimuth. This
configuration item can be preset as part of the target profile setup or it can be adjusted during TLE tracking through
the TLE Offset Control Window to manually peak the target signal.
TLE Target El Offset –This is a manual offset applied to the current track position, defined in degrees of elevation. This
configuration item can be preset as part of the target profile setup or it can be adjusted during TLE tracking through
the TLE Offset Control Window to manually peak the target signal.
TLE Target Pol Offset –This is a manual offset applied to the current track position, defined in degrees of polarization.
This configuration item can be preset as part of the target profile setup or it can be adjusted during TLE tracking
through the TLE Offset Control Window to manually peak the target signal. This configuration item is still used when
the core configuration item TLE Scan Step Enable is set to Yes.

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Figure 4 - Target Configuration, "skip; run; method"
Long Name
Level
Type
Value Range
Description
Skip Acquire Sat State
4
Choice
Yes, No
Flag indicating whether the acquire state should be
set/performed before entering track mode. Set to
Yes.
Run Repeak on Startup
4
Choice
Yes, No
Flag indicating whether the repeak command should
be run on startup if Rx is locked.
Run Track After Acquire
4
Choice
Yes, No
Flag indicating that the Track Command should run
after a successful acquisition. Set to Yes.

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Run Track After Peak
4
Choice
Yes, No
Flag indicating that the Track Command should run
after a successful peak command. Set to No
Run Track on Startup
4
Choice
Yes, No
Flag indicating whether the track command should
be run on startup. Set to No
Tracking Method
4
Choice
None,
TLE_Module,
<Other
Uploaded
Tracking
Module(s)>
Tracking Method to use after an Acquisition has
been completed. Select TLE_Module.
Skip Acquire Sat State –This flag indicates whether the acquire state should be set and performed before entering the
TLE track mode. Must be set to “Yes” for TLE acquire to be successful and must be set to “No” for a standard
acquisition.
Run Repeak on Startup –Flag indicating whether the repeak command should be run on startup if Rx is locked.
Run Track After Acquire –This flag indicates that the Tracking Module should be run as part of an Acquire command.
This should be set to yes for TLE acquisitions.
Run Track After Peak –Flag indicating that the Track command should be run after a successful peak command. This
should be set to “No” for TLE Tracking use.
Run Track on Startup –Automatically starts any configured tracking module when the controller is powered on. This
should be set to “No” when using the TLE Tracking Module
Tracking Method –Choose the desired tracking method to use after Rx signal returns a locked status. For TLE Tracking,
set to “TLE_Module”.
Note: If the TLE Module will be used with Scans Enabled, the Target Profile must also be configured properly for the
signal source device used for tracking the Target Satellite (Beacon Receiver, DVB Receiver, etc.). Scans and Step Tracks
will not be successful without a properly configured signal source

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Figure 5 - Target Configuration, "reference"
Long Name
Level
Type
Value Range
Description
Reference Profile 1
1
Choice
-
First reference profile used to update the heading
with reference satellite acquisition.
Reference Profile 2
1
Choice
-
Second reference profile used to update the heading
with reference satellite acquisition.
Reference Satellite Mode
1
Choice
Yes, No
Flag indicating that reference profiles should be
used if a heading is needed.

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Set Reference Satellite Mode to “Yes” to use the reference profiles. The use of reference profiles when performing TLE
tracking is suggested. A list of CONUS DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite) reference satellite profiles is already included in
each terminal. These satellites provide a powerful and reliable signal source to peak on. They have a very strong upper
band which allows for the strong signal source that they emit. The user may also choose to use a profile they have
created.
Given reference satellite(s) the antenna will move to the reference profile’s satellite position first when preforming a
Track, update the terminal heading, and then proceed to Track the current satellite. This method speeds up and
improves accuracy in the Track process by giving the terminal points of reference when searching for the actual
desired satellite. To optimize the increase in speed, the user should select a reference satellite that is close to the
target satellite. (The reference satellite needs an orbital slot at least 20 degrees away from the antenna’s longitude.)
3.3. Signal Configuration Items
Figure 6 –Signal Configuration Window, “tle”

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Long Name
Level
Type
Value
Range
Description
TLE Coarse Scan Velocity
4
Float
0.01 - 3
The maximum axis velocity to use during the coarse
scan. Defined in degrees per second. Default value =
0.2
TLE Fine Scan Velocity
4
Float
0.01 –3
The maximum axis velocity to use during the fine scan.
Defined in degrees per second. Default value = 0.1
TLE Signal Gradient
Threshold
4
Float
0 - 10000
The maximum signal change that will not cause a
peaking decision mistake during step peaking. If this
value is exceeded by the Current Signal Gradient then
the peaking delay time will be reset. Set to 0 to
disable. Default value = 0
TLE Signal Noise
Threshold
4
Float
0 - 10000
The maximum signal variance (noise) that will cause a
peaking decision mistake during step peaking. If this
value is exceeded by the Current Signal Noise then the
peaking delay time will be reset. Set to 0 to disable.
Default value = 0
TLE Step Track Dwell
time
4
Float
3 –10
The amount of time to dwell for averaging
measurements at each step track position. Measured
in seconds. Default value = 5
TLE Step Track Peak
Detection Threshold
4
Float
0.01 - 999
An absolute measured power delta used to determine
if the terminal is moving away from the target during
step track operation. Defined in units of the selected
receiver. Default value = 1
TLE Step Track
Maximum Offset
(HPBW)
4
Float
0.01 –3.00
The maximum distance to step off of the target during
step track operations. Defined as a fraction of half
power beam width. Default value = 0.3
TLE Step Track Step Size
(HPBW)
4
Float
0.01 –3.00
The distance to move between steps during step track
operations. Defined as a fraction of half power beam
width. Default value = 0.1

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TLE Coarse Scan Velocity –This is the maximum axis velocity to use during the coarse scan. The parameter is defined in
degrees per second. This is set to accommodate for the physical speed of the antenna and for any time delay in signal
sampling caused by the current signal source device, but should only be adjusted by the experienced operator.
TLE Fine Scan Velocity –This is the maximum axis velocity to use during the fine scan. The parameter is defined in
degrees per second. This is set to accommodate for the physical speed of the antenna and for any time delay in signal
sampling caused by the current signal source device, but should only be adjusted by the experienced operator.
TLE Signal Gradient Threshold –This is the maximum signal change that will not cause a peaking decision error during
step peaking. If this value is exceeded by the Current Signal Gradient then the peaking delay time will be reset. Set this
to 0 to disable this function.
TLE Signal Noise Threshold –This is the maximum signal (noise) change that will cause a peaking decision error during
step peaking. If this value is exceeded by the Current Signal noise then the peaking delay time will be reset. Set this to
0 to disable this function.
TLE Step Track Dwell Time –This is the amount of time to dwell for averaging measurements at each step track
position. The time is measured in seconds. This is set to accommodate for any time delay in signal sampling caused by
the current signal source device, but should only be adjusted by the experienced operator.
TLE Step Track Peak Detection Threshold –This is an absolute measured power delta used to determine if the terminal
is moving away from the target during step track operation. It is defined in units of the selected receiver. This must be
set for the signal source in use as it will create the Step Track failure criteria, but should only be adjusted by the
experienced operator.
TLE Step Track Maximum Offset (HPBW) –This is the maximum distance to step off of the target during step track
operations. It is defined as a fraction of the antennas half power beam width. This is set to accommodate for physical
parameters of the antenna, the width of the target signal, and the current signal source device. This parameter should
only be adjusted by the experienced operator and should be adjusted in proportion to the TLE StepTrack Step Size.
TLE Step Track Step Size (HPBW) –This is the distance to move between steps during step track operations. It is
defined as a fraction of the antennas half power beam width. This is set to accommodate for physical parameters of
the antenna, the width of the target signal, and the current signal source device. This parameter should only be
adjusted by the experienced operator and should be adjusted in proportion to the TLE StepTrack Maximum Offset.
3.4. Feed Configuration Items
There are no Feed Configuration Items associated with this module.

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4. Operation
4.1. Functional Overview
The TLE Module has two operational modes. When switching between modes, the user should initiate tracking
through the Acquire command rather than the Track command. This ensures that all tracking data is reset.
4.1.1. TLE Scan Step Enable = No
If Acquire is commanded, the controller will perform a Home routine to initialize its sensors if needed, read the
compass if configured to do so, update the heading with Ref Sat if configured to do so, and then switch to track
mode. Once Track mode becomes enabled, the antenna will move to the target (TLE) coordinates. The antenna will
continue to follow the path described by the TLE data and can be manually peaked using the TLE Target Az Offset, TLE
Target El Offset, and TLE Target Pol Offset configuration items or the TLE Offset Control window. These offsets get
saved and will be used whenever that Target Profile is selected.
If Track is commanded, the antenna will use the current heading (whether or not it is valid) and switch directly into
track mode. Once Track mode becomes enabled, the antenna will move to the target (TLE) coordinates. The antenna
will continue to follow the path described by the TLE data and can be manually peaked using the TLE Target Az
Offset, TLE Target El Offset, and TLE Target Pol Offset configuration items or the TLE Offset Control window. These
offsets get saved and will be used whenever that Target Profile is selected.
4.1.2. TLE Scan Step Enable = Yes
If Acquire is commanded, the controller will perform a Home routine to initialize its sensors if needed, read the
compass if configured to do so, update the heading with Ref Sat if configured to do so, and then switch to track
mode. Once Track mode becomes enabled, the antenna will perform a Raster scan across the TLE coordinates if it is
still operating with a compass heading source, perform a Spiral scan around the TLE coordinates or around the peak
signal found during the Raster scan, and enter Step Track. The antenna will continue to follow the path described by
the TLE data augmented by any offsets automatically calculated from the scans and the periodic step tracks. The
controller will reset the automatically generated offsets anytime an Acquire is commanded, the Heading Source is
changed, or controller is turned off.
If Track is commanded, the antenna will use the current heading (whether or not it is valid) and will perform scans
only if they have not been performed since the antenna was turned on or since the last time the heading was
changed . The antenna will continue to follow the path described by the TLE data augmented by any offsets
automatically calculated from the scans and the periodic step tracks. The controller will reset the automatically
generated offsets anytime an Acquire is commanded, the Heading Source is changed, or controller is turned off.
When in this mode the TLE module will ignore the TLE Az Offset and TLE El Offset target configuration items. The TLE
Pol Offset will still be used.

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4.2. Sensor Outputs
The TLE Tracking Module operation can be monitored through the Sensor Output window of the AAQ GUI.
Path
Main Window → View → Sensor Output
Level 0
To view the TLE Module Sensor Output variables type ‘TLE” into the keyword search window.
Figure 7 –Sensor Output Window

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Long Name
Level
Description
TLE Active Pitch
4
Actively calculated terminal pitch value, going through azimuth
transform, and valid at any azimuth angle
TLE Active Roll
4
Actively calculated terminal roll value, going through azimuth
transform, and valid at any azimuth angle
TLE Az Command
0
The azimuth position to which the controller is currently being
commanded
TLE Az Solar Position
4
The current azimuth position of the sun
TLE Az Tracking Error
0
The tracking error in the azimuth direction (commanded
position –current position)
TLE BRE Tracking Error
0
A beam radial error, combination of azimuth and elevation
error
TLE Current Applied Az Offset
0
The currently configured manual az offset from the target TLE
position. This will only get used if the TLE Scan Step Enable is set
to “No”.
TLE Current Applied El Offset
0
The currently configured manual el offset from the target TLE
position. This will only get used if the TLE Scan Step Enable is set
to “No”.
TLE Current Applied Pol
Offset
0
The currently configured manual pol offset from the target TLE
position
TLE Pol Command
0
The polarization position to which the controller is currently
being commanded
TLE El Command
0
The elevation position to which the controller is currently being
commanded
TLE El Solar Position
4
The current elevation position of the sun
TLE El Tracking Error
0
The tracking error in the elevation direction (commanded
position –current position)
TLE Epoch Age
0
The age of the selected TLE
TLE Module Message
0
The TLE Module current state (what action is currently being
performed)
TLE Scan Active
4
Indicates whether or not the TLE Module is currently running a
scan
TLE Scan Az Offset
4
The current azimuth offset of the scan (from the TLE position
with any previous offsets added)

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TLE Scan El Offset
4
The current elevation offset of the scan (from the TLE position
with any previous offsets added)
TLE Step Track Az Offset
4
The current azimuth offset of StepTrack (from the TLE position
with any previous offsets added)
TLE Step Track El Offset
4
The current elevation offset of StepTrack (from the TLE position
with any previous offsets added)
TLE Scan Peak Power Az
Offset
4
The azimuth offset position of the current peak power detected
by the scan (from the TLE position with any previous offsets
added)
TLE Scan Peak Power El
Offset
4
The elevation offset position of the current peak power
detected by the scan (from the TLE position with any previous
offsets added)
TLE Step Track Active
4
Indicates whether or not the TLE Module is currently running
StepTrack
TLE Last Scan Az Offset
0
The Az offset calculated from the last scan or steptrack
TLE Last Scan El Offset
0
The EL offset calculated from the last scan or steptrack
TLE Step Track Peak Power Az
Offset
4
The azimuth offset position of the current peak power detected
by StepTrack (from the TLE position with any previous offsets
added)
TLE Step Track Peak Power El
Offset
4
The elevation offset position of the current peak power
detected by StepTrack (from the TLE position with any previous
offsets added)
TLE Step Track State
4
The current state that StepTrack is running
TLE Target Azimuth
0
The azimuth position of the current TLE target (TLE only, no
offsets applied)
TLE Target Elevation
0
The elevation position of the current TLE target (TLE only, no
offsets applied)