Cadillac V-63 1923 User manual

CADILLAC
OPERATOR'S
MANUAL
V-63
PRICE35CENTS
CADILLACMOTORCARCOMPANY
DETROIT

OPERATION
Part I
Copyrighted1923ByCadillacMmorCarCo.
Detroit.Midi,
SECONDEDITION

4
TRANSMISSIONCONTROLLEVERc: 'J? STEMFOR
?!SPEEDOMETER
ITRIPRESET
VENTILATORCONTROL. HANDBRAKELEVER
CLUTCHPEOAL= .**.:#STARTERBUTTON
BRAKEPEDAL-„ /,-T-T
FOOTTMROTTLB
rACCELERATOR)
^FOOTIW8T
Fig. 1. Instruments, Control Levers and Pedal*.
5
LICENSEDATA
Thefollowinginformationmaybefoundusefulinmakinglicenseappli-
cation:
Numberofcylinders8
Cylinderbore3¼in.
Pistondisplacement314cubicin.
Stroke5¼in.
Horsepower(N.A.C.C.rating)31.25
Enginenumber:
Theenginenumberisstampedonthecrankcasejustbackoftheright-
handblocikofcylinders,andonthenameplateattachedtotheforward
faceofthedash.
Thenumberofeach "V-63" enginebeginswiththefigures"63."
Wheelbase:132in.
Tread56in.
THETHREEMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGSINCONNECTION
WITHTHECAREOFTHEENGINE
1. Use of Suitable Oil
TheuseofCadillacEngineOilisrecommended(seeunder"Lubricants"
page31.)
2. Replacement of Oil
Replacetheengineoilattheendofeach500milesoftravelduring
warmweatherandattheendofeach350milesoftraveloroncea week
duringcoldweather.(Seeunder"ReplaceEngineOil"page33and
"ReplaceEngineOilFrequentlyDuringColdWeather,"page34.)
3. Manipulation of Carburetor Enriching Button
Afterstartingtheengine,donotrunitwiththecarburetorenriching
buttonpulledbackanylongerthanisabsolutelynecessary.(Seeunder
"StartingtheEngine,"page9.)

6
THEUSER'SRESPONSIBILITY
Theinformation,adviceandinstructioncontainedinthisManualare
furnishedbecausetheuserofa motorcarneedsthem.Butiftheuserfails
toheedtheadvice,thelossisnotwhollyhisbutpartlyoursaswell.
ACadillaccarinthehandsofanoperatorwhowillgiveitthereason-
ableconsiderationtowhichitisentitled,andwhicheverycarrequires,will
runassmoothlyandasquietlyasispossibleforanymotorcartorun.No
carwillgivegreatersatisfactionnorwillanycarstandmoreabuse.Butno
carcanbeexpectedtostandcontinuedabusewithoutshowingtheresults
ofitsoonerorlater.
WeareinterestedthatCadillaccarsrenderunfailingserviceandsatis-
faction.Theyarebuiltforthatpurposebuttheusermustdohispartafter
thecarcomesintohispossession.TheCadillaciscapableofrenderingthe
bestofserviceanddirectionsarefurnishedwhichwillguidetheusertoward
obtainingthatservice.Butifhepersistsinignoringthesedirections,
thereisnoonebuthimselfuponwhomhecanrightfullyplacetheresponsi-
bilityfordifficultieswhichmayresult.
DRIVINGANDCARINGFORA MOTORCAR
Drivinganautomobilemeansmorethansimplystarting,steeringand
stopping.Todriveanautomobileproperlyrequiresanunderstandingof
theprinciplesinvolvedandtheexerciseofintelligenceandjudgment.
Withwelldesignedandcorrectlybuiltautomobiles,probably95per
centoftheso-called"troubles"aredirectlytraceabletolackoflubrication,
abuse,carelessness,anda lackofanunderstandingoftheprinciplesin-
volved.
Tobeginwith,thedrivershouldstudytheconstructionofhiscarand
thoroughlyacquainthimselfwithitsmechanism,thefunctionsofitsvarious
partsandthe"why"ofeverythingconnectedwithit.Ifheunderstands
theseheisbetterabletorealizewhycertainthingsmustbedoneandwhy
certainotherthingsmustnotbedone,ifheistoobtainthemostsatisfactory
results,thegreatestefficiencyandthegreatesteconomy,togetherwithdur-
abilityandlonglifeoftheengineandcar.Rememberthatthedifference
betweena comprehensiveunderstandingofyourcarandthesuperficial
knowledgepossessedbymanydriversisthedifferencebetweenhaving
"troubles"andnothavingthem.
Ontheotherhandisfrequentlyfoundtheuserwhoisconstantlytinker-
ingwithhiscarwhenthereisnonecessityforit.Avoidbothextremes.If,
afterseeingthatallpartsarelubricatedproperlyandthatallbolts,nuts
andscrewsaretight,thecarisrunningwell,letitalone.Manyusersdrive
theirCadillacsformonthswithoutfindinganadjustmentnecessary.Ifad-
7
justmentseemsnecessaryandyouarenotsufficientlyacquaintedwiththe
constructionofthecartoknowwhatadjustmentisnecessaryorhowto
makeit,don't experiment buttakethecartoa Cadillacservicestation.
ServicestationsoperatedbyCadillacdistributorsanddealersdisplaythe
officialsignillustratedonthecoverofthisManual.
Themostimportantthinginthecareofanautomobileisproperlubri-
cation.PartTwoofthisManualgivesdetaileddirectionsregardinglubri-
cation.
PLACINGA NEW CARINRUNNINGCONDITION
Beforethecarsareshipped,thefuelandcoolingsystemsaredrained.
Whenthecarisreceivedandbeforeitisplacedinuse,thesupplyofgasoline
andwatermustbereplenished.Duringfreezingweatherananti-freezing
solution,shouldbeusedinsteadofwater.(Seeunder"Anti-Freezing
Solutions,"page23.)
Thecarshouldbelubricatedthoroughlyinaccordancewithdirections
containedinthisManual.(Seeunder"Lubrication,"PartII.)
Filling the Cooling System
Fillthecoolingsystemwithwaterduringwarmweatherandwitha
suitableanti-freezingsolutionduringfreezingweather(seeunder"Anti-
FreezingSolutions,"page23.)Tofillthecoolingsystemproceedasfollows:
Makesurethatthecylinderdrainplugs"E",Fig.22,aretightlyin
place.Closethewaterpumpdrainvalves"G".Turnthethermostat
controlshaft"B"oneachwaterpumpsothatthetriangularindicatoron
theendoftheshaftpointsup.Theshaftmaybeturnedineitherdirection.
Thereisa drainplug"E"ineachcylinderblockanda drainvalve"G"
anda thermostatcontrolshaft"B"ateachwaterpump.A specialwrench
forthedrainvalves"G"andthethermostatcontrolshafts"B"isincluded
inthetoolequipmentofthecar.
Removetheradiatorfillercap"A"andfill thecoolingsystemtowithin
oneinchofthetopofthefiller. Thenpourthreequartsadditionalinto
theradiatorfillertofillthecondenserwhichisconnectedtotheradiator
overflowpipe.Thelasttwoquartsmustbeaddedslowly.
Screwtheradiatorfillercapdowntightlyafterreplacingit.Thisisim-
portantbecausetheoperationoftheradiatorcondenserdependsupona
tightjointattheradiatorcap.

8
Afterfilling thecoolingsystemturnthethermostatcontrolshafts"B"
sothatthetriangularindicatorspointdown.Theseindicatorsshouldpoint
upwhenfilling thecoolingsystemanddownatallothertimes.
Caution:—Do not use water in the cooling system during freezing weather.
Use a good anti-freezing solution. Water will freeze even though the engine
berun continuously.
Filling the Gasoline Tank
Thegasolinetankisattherearofthecar.(SeeFigure21.)Thefiller
capcanberemovedafterlooseningthethumbscrew.
Filteredgasolineshouldbeusedtopreventdirtorwaterenteringthe
gasolinesystem.Onlyhigh-grade,reliablefilling stations,whichsupply
filtered gasolineshouldbepatronized.
Afterfilling thetankandscrewingonthefiller cap,tightenthethumb
screw.Thisisnecessarytopreventleakageoftheairpressurebywhich
gasolineisforcedtothecarburetor.
Operating a New Car
Itisrecommendedthattheoperatorofa newcarrefrainfromdrivingit
atitsmaximumcapacityandspeeduntilthecarhasbeendrivenatleast
five hundredmiles.
Althoughthepartsofa Cadillaccararemachinedandgroundwiththe
greatestpossibleaccuracyandfineness offinish,manufacturingprocesses
cannotgivetobearingsurfacesthefine polishwhichresultsfromactual
operationatmoderatespeedandunderlightloads.
Forthisreason,itisadvisedthata carbedrivennofasterthantwenty
milesperhourforthefirst twohundredandfifty miles,andnofasterthan
twenty-fivemilesperhourforthesecondtwohundredandfifty miles.
OPERATION
STARTINGTHEENGINE
1. Firstmakecertainthatthetransmissioncontrolleverisinthe
neutralpositionandthatthehandbrakeisapplied,(seeFigure1.)
2. Ifthefuelpressuregaugeontheinstrumentboardindicatesa
pressureoflessthanonepound,increasethepressurebymeansofthehand
aircompressor.Thehandleofthecompressorisscrewedintoplace.Loos-
enitbyunscrewingita fewturnsinthecounter-clockwisedirection.After
thepressurehasbeenincreasedtoatleastonepound,locktheplungerin
placebyholdingitinandturningitintheclockwisedirection.
3. Placethesparkleveraboutone-thirdthewaydownfromthe
"Advance"position,exceptincoldwinterweather,whenitshouldbeat
the"Advance"position.Iftheengineshouldbecrankedbyhand,always
placethesparkleveratthe"Retard"position.Ifthisprecautionisnot
observed,a backkickwilloccur,resultinginpersonalinjury.
4. Inextremelycoldwinterweather,primethecarburetorbyplacing
thethrottleleveratthe"Close"position,thenpushingtheaccelerator
buttondowntothefloor andpermittingittoreturn.Twicerepeatthis
operation.Donotprimethecarburetorexceptinextremelycoldweather.
5. Placethethrottleleverapproximatelyone-fourththewaydown
fromthe"Close"position.
6.Incoldweather,orinwarmweather,iftheenginehasbeenstanding
forsometime,pullbackthecarburetorenrichingbutton.
7. Switchonignitionbymovingtheignitionswitchleverup.
8.Pushdownonthestarterbutton.Thiswillbringthestarterinto
operationandwillcausetheengineto"turnover."(Seeunder"Caution.")
Inextremelycoldweather,whenthecarhasbeenstandinglongenough
tohavebecomethoroughlychilled,itisa goodplantoreleasetheclutch
beforepressingdownonthestarterbutton,andtoholdtheclutchpedal
downduringthecrankingoperation.Ifthehabitisformedofdoingthis
regularlyonewillnotbesolikelytoneglecttodoitduringcoldweather.
9.Immediatelytheenginecommencestorununderitsownpower,
whichshouldbeina fewseconds,permitthestarterbuttontoreturntothe
normalposition.Ifthecarburetorenrichingbuttonisback,pushitasfar
forwardaspossiblewithoutcausingtheenginetostoporslowdownma-
terially.Pushitinasfarforwardasitgoesassoonastheengineiswarm
enoughtopermitit.It is important that the button be left back no longer
than is absolutely necessary.

10
OPERATION
Iftheenginedoesnotstartwithinthirtyseconds,donotcontinueto
operatethestarter,butpermitthestarterpedaltoreturntothenormal
positionanddeterminethecause.Becertainthattheignitionison,
thatthereisgasolineinthetank,andsufficientairpressuretoforceitto
thecarburetor.Thestarterwillcranktheengineonly;ignitionandgas-
olinemustbepresentbeforeitwillrun.
Caution:—The action which causes the engine to "turn over" is produced
by a gear of the electric starting motor sliding into mesh with teeth on the fly
wheel of the engine. When pushing down on the starter button to throw these
gears into mesh, if it should so happen that they are in just such positions that
the ends of the teeth of the starter gear come against the ends of the teeth of the fly
wheel, instead of the teeth of one sliding between the teeth of the other, do not
use force. Simply permit the starter btitton to return to the normal position
and then push it down again. In the meantime, the gears will probably have
changed their relative positions sufficiently to permit the teeth to mesh.
Oil Pressure
Lubricatingoilisfedunderpressuretothemainandconnectingrod
bearingsoftheengine(seeunder"EngineLubrication,"page32.)The
pressureoftheoilisindicatedbythepressuregaugeontheinstrument
board.(SeeFig.1.)
Whentheengineisnotrunning,thehandoftheoilpressuregauge
shouldremainatzero,butimmediatelytheengineisstartedandwhileit
isinoperation,pressureshouldbeindicated.Thepressureindicated
dependsuponthespeedoftheengineandtheviscosityoftheoil.
Ifatanytimewhiletheengineisinoperation,thehandoftheoil
pressuregaugeremainsatzero,stoptheengineatonceanddeterminethe
cause.Seriousenginetroubleisa resultofcontinuingtoruntheengine
withoutoilpressure. GEARSHIFTING
Caution: Do not attempt to shift from neutral to any gear,
('p\/7^
or from one gear to any other without first disengaging the *•-''v-'
main engine clutch by pushing and holding down the clutch /O.
pedal (seeFigure 1.) ^-
Asthetransmissionisoftheselectivetype,theopera-I'L.NI(ff»
tormayshiftfromanygeartoanyothergearwithoutFi
shiftingthrougha thirdgear.
Control Lever
ReferringtoFig.2,theballatthetopofthetrans-Positions.
missioncontrolorgearshiftingleverisshownat"N"in
theneutralposition,at"L"inthelowgearposition,at"I"intheinterme-
diategearposition,at"H"inthehighgearposition,andat"R"inthe
reversegearposition.
OPERATION
11
Starting the Car
Tostartthecar,afterstartingtheengineandunlockingthetransmission
lock,pushdownontheleftpedal,whichistheclutchpedal,therebyre-
leasingthemainengineclutch.Besuretheclutchpedalispusheddown
farenoughtoreleasetheclutchcompletely.Thendisengagethehand
brakebymeansofthehandlever—stillholdingtheclutchpedaldown.
(Ifthecarisstandingona gradeitwillbenecessarytoholditwiththe
footbrakeuntilreadytostart.)Nextshiftintolowgear.
Todoso,movethecontrolleverasfartotheleftaspossibleandthen
pullitbackasfarasitwillgo(Fig.3.)Openthethrottleslightlybymeans
oftheacceleratorpedalorthrottleleverandpermitthemainclutchtoen-
gagegradually,byallowingthepedaltocometowardsyouslowly.
u r®-J
Fig. S. Fig4.
Neutral to Low Low Gear to
Gear. Intermediate Gear.
Ifitshouldsohappenthatthegearswhichmeshtomakelowgeararein
positionssuchthattheendsoftheteethofonegearcomeagainsttheends
oftheteethoftheothergearinsteadoftheteethofoneslidingbetween
theteethoftheother,donotforcethembutreturnthetransmissioncontrol
levertotheneutralposition,engagetheclutchbyallowingtheclutchpedal
tocometowardsyou,againreleasetheclutch,thenshiftintolowgearas
directedabove.
Afterthecarisunderwayinlowgear,releasetheclutchandshiftinto
intermediategear.Todothismovethecontrolleverbacktotheneutral
position,thentotherightandpushitforwardasfarasitwillgo(Fig.4.)
Thenpermittheclutchtoengage.Inshiftingfromlowtointermediate
gear,itisadvisabletopausefora momentintheneutralpositionifthereis
atendencyofthegearstoclash.
Afterthecarisunderwayinintermediategear,shiftintohighgear.
Todothis,simplyreleasetheclutchandthenpullthecontrolleverstraight
back(Fig.5.)Thenpermittheclutchtoengage.

12 OPERATION
Itispossiblewhenstartingthecaronlevelgroundtoshiftfromlowgear
tointermediategearandfromintermediatetohighgearatlowspeeds,and
shiftingcanbedonemorequietlythanathigherspeeds.Instartingonan
inclinea higherrateofspeedmustbeattainedbeforeshiftinggears.
Reversing
Tostartthecarbackwards,withthecontrolleverintheneutralposi-
tion,releasetheclutch,movethecontrollevertotheleftandpushitfor-
wardasfarasitwillgo.Openthethrottleslightlybymeansofthe
acceleratorpedalorthrottleleverandengagethemainclutchgradually.
Ifitshouldsohappenthatthetransmissiongearswhichmeshtomake
reverseareinjustsuchpositionsthattheendsoftheteethofonegearcome
againsttheendsoftheteethoftheothergear,donotforcethem,butreturn
thetransmissioncontrollevertotheneutralposition,engagetheclutch,
againreleasetheclutchandshiftintoreversegearasdirected.
\ i\
®
Fig. 5.
L-iNj
<s>
•*-/
Fig. 6.
Intermediate Gear Neutral to Reverse
to High Gear. Gear.
Shifting into Lower Gear
If,whenascendingsteepgradesorpullingthroughsoftmudroadsor
deepsandinhighgear,thespeedofthecarisreduceduntiltheenginelabors,
shiftintointermediategear.Todothis,releasetheclutch,thenpushthe
controlleverforwardasfarasitwillgo.Thenengagetheclutch.Itisbest
toallowthecartoslowdownbeforemakingtheshiftandthen,afterreleas-
ingtheclutch,toshiftquickly.Anexperienceddrivermayfind itmore
satisfactorytoshiftfromhighintointermediategearinthefollowing
manner:
Releasetheclutch,returnthecontrollevertotheneutralposition,en-
gagetheclutch,atthesametimeslightlyacceleratingtheengine;then
releasetheclutchagain,andinstantly shiftintointermediategear.Engage
theclutch.
Thisentirechangemaybemadeinlesstimethanittakestoreadthese
directionsbyonewhobecomesfamiliarwiththismethod.Shiftinginthis
mannermaybeaccomplishedsatisfactorilyathigherspeedsthanispossible
OPERATION 13
whenshiftingintheusualmanner.Itisnotrecommended,however,that
theoperatorattempttoshiftfromhightointermediategearinthismanner
untilhehasconsiderableexperienceinshiftingintheordinaryway.
Stopping the Car
Firstclosethethrottleandthenreleasetheengineclutch.Nextreturn
thetransmissioncontrollevertotheneutralposition.Theclutchmaythen
bere-engaged.Stopthecarbypushingforwardonthebrakepedal.After
thecarhasbeenbroughttoa stop,applythehandbrakebymeansofthe
handbrakelever.
Stopping the Engine
Afterstoppingthecarandapplyingthehandbrake,movetheignition
switchleverdown.
TILTINGHEADLAMPREFLECTORS
Cadillacheadlampsareprovidedwithhighlyefficientdiffusinglenses
whichdeflectandspreadouttherays.Toprovidefordeflectingtherays
stillfurtheronspecialoccasionswhenmoreilluminationisdesirednearer
thecar,asinroundingsharpcornersandgoingoverthecrestsofsteep
grades,thereflectorsintheheadlampsarepivotedsothattheycanbe
tilted.Theyarecontrolledbya buttonontheinstrumentboard(seeFig.
1)andaretilteddownwhenthebuttonispushedforward.Toraisethe
reflectorsforilluminationofthedistantroadpullthebuttonoutfromthe
instrumentboard. DRIVINGSUGGESTIONS
Rules of the Road
Roadandtrafficlawsvarygreatlyindifferentlocalities.Itis,therefore,
impossibletosetdowna completelistofruleswhichmaybefollowedinall
partsofthecountry.Thefollowingaresomeoftheruleswhichareuniversal
inpracticallyallpartsoftheUnitedStates.
Inmeetinga vehiclegoingintheoppositedirectionpassto the right.
Inpassinga vehiclegoinginthesamedirectionpassto the left.
Alwaysstopwiththerighthandsideofthecarnexttothecurb.Ifitis
necessarytoturnthecararoundtodothis,itshouldbedone.
Neverturnaroundorturnoffontoanotherroadwithoutmakingabso-
lutelycertainthatthereisnoothervehicledirectlybehindyou.
Neverenteruponstreetcartrackswithoutmakingsurethatthereis
nocardirectlybehindyou—nomatter how sure you feel, look and see.
Donotcrossstreetcarorsteamrailroadtrackswithoutmakingcertain
thatitisabsolutelysafetodoso.Atanyrailroadcrossingwhichisonan
upgradeorwhichforanyreasonmustbeapproachedveryslowly,itisa
wiseprecautiontoshifttointermediategearbeforecrossingasthecarcan
therebybeacceleratedmorequickly,ifnecessary.

14 OPERATION
Incrowdedtrafficdonotapplythebrakessuddenlyunlessitisabso-
lutelynecessary.Itmaybethata followingvehiclecannotstopasquickly
asyoucan.
Onwetasphaltstreetsorslipperyroadsdonotapplythebrakessud-
denlyunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.Cadillacfourwheelbrakesminim-
izethepossibilityofskiddingundertheseconditionsbuttheireffectiveness
shouldnotinduceanyonetodrivelesscarefully.
Alwayssignalvehiclesattherear,beforeturning.Thelawrequiresthis
inmostcities.
Slowdowninpassingvehiclesgoingintheoppositedirection.
Oneofthemostessentialthingstorememberisthatyoushouldnever
"take a chance."
Coasting
Tocoastonthelevel,closethethrottleandthenreleasethemainengine
clutchbypushingforwardontheleftpedal.
Whendescendinggradesa goodmethodistoclosethethrottleand,with
theclutchengaged,allowtheenginetodotheholdingbackasmuchas
possible.Thissavesmuchwearonthebrakebandlinings.Theresistance
offeredbycausingthecartodrivetheenginewhen"highgear"or"direct
drive"isengagedisusuallysufficienttocontrolthespeed.Whentheengine
doesnotoffersufficientresistancethespeedmaybecheckedfurtherby
applyingthefootbrakes.
Whenitisnecessarytodescenda verysteepgradeitisbesttoengagethe
intermediateorpossiblythelowspeedgearbefore commencing the descent,
andiftheresistancethusobtainedisnotsufficient,tosupplementitbythe
footbrakes.Bearinmindthatthemoretheresistanceoftheengineis
usedincoastingthelongerthebrakebandliningswilllastandthelonger
thebrakeswillretaintheiradjustment.
Donotswitchofftheignitionwhencoastingwiththecardrivingthe
engine.Thisdoesnotappreciablyincreasetheresistanceandisliableto
injuretheengine.Evenwiththethrottleclosedsomefuelisadmittedto
thecylindersandifthisisnotburneditcondensesonthecylinderwallsand
washesofftheoilbywhichthepistonsarelubricated.Intimea sufficient
quantityofthisunburnedfuelwouldfind itswayintothecrankcaseto
dilutetheoilsupplyanddestroyitslubricatingqualities.
DONT'SFORGENERALOPERATION
Don'tfailtochangetheengineoilfrequently.
Don'tfailtopushforwardthecarburetorenrichingbuttonassoonafter
startingaspossible.
OPERATION 15
Don'tfill thelubricatingsystemoftheenginealoneandneglecttolu-
bricateallotherpartsofthecar.
Don'tneglectthelubricationofanypartofthecar.
Don'trunthecaratsustainedhighspeedwhenitisnew.
Don'tpermitfilling stationattendantstoremovethestrainerintheoil
filler beforeaddingoil.Thisstrainer,whichisoffine mesh,isnecessaryto
insureagainstdirtorotherforeignmatterenteringwiththeoil.
Don'tallowtheclutchtoengagesuddenly.
Don'tprimethecarburetortoomuch.
Don'tattempttoshiftfromneutraltoanygear,orfromonegearto
anothergearwithoutfirst releasingtheclutch.
Don'tattempttoshiftfromthereversegeartoanyothergearwhenthe
carismoving.
Don'tattempttoshiftfromanyforwardgeartothereversegearwhen
thecarismoving.
Don'tattempttoshiftfromthehighgeartothelowgearwhenthecar
ismoving.
Don'tattempttoshiftfromtheintermediategeartothelowgearwhen
thecarismoving,unlessitismovingveryslowly.Ordinarilyitisbestto
stopthecaraltogether.
Don'tswitchofftheignitionwhencoastingwiththecardrivingtheengine.
Don'tpushthestarterbuttonwhentheengineisrunning.
Don'tturnthesteeringgearwhenthecarisstanding.Thisisnotonly
unnecessarybutisalsobadpractice.Thefrontwheelspivotmoreeasilyif
theyarerotating.
Don'tfailtoinvestigateanyunusualsoundwhichmaydevelopinthe
car.Thecarshouldbeinspectedattheservicestationofa Cadillacdis-
tributorordealer.
Don'tneglecttoinspecttheleveloftheacidinthestoragebatteryevery
500milesandadddistilledwaterifnecessary.(Seepage59.)
Don'tturncornersathighspeed.
Don'tneglecttokeepthecoolingsystemfilled.
Don'tdrivefastorattempttostopsuddenlyonwetpavements.
Don'tattempttostarttheenginewiththeswitchturnedoff,without
airpressureorwithoutgasolineinthetank.
Don'tneglecttokeepthetiresinflatedproperly.
Don'f race the engine when it is not driving the car There is no worse abuse.

16 OPERATION
CURTAINS
Storage of Curtains
Thesidecurtainsforopencarsarecarriedinanenvelopeprovidedwith
clothpartitionstopreventthecurtainsfromrubbingandchafing.All
curtainsaretaggedtofacilitateattaching.
Inthetouringcarthecurtainsarestowedunderthefrontseat.Inthe
phaetonthecurtainsarestowedina compartmentprovidedinthebackof
thefrontseatandwhichopensinthetonneau.Theroadsterhasa parcel-
compartmentjustbackoftheseatinwhichthecurtainsarestowed.
Beforethecurtainsarestowedawaytheyshould
bedryandclean.
Curtain Fasteners
Thecurtainsareheldinplacewithfastenerswhich
becomelockedonthreesideswhensnappedintoplace
andmustbeliftedonthesidewhichisnotlocked
inordertoreleasethem.Thissideisindicatedby
asmallprojectiononthefastenerasshownbythe
arrow(Figure7).Thistypeoffastenercannotbe Fig. 7.
releasedbyliftingitatanyotherside. Curtain Fastener
SPEEDOMETER
Thespeedometerregistersthespeedatwhichthecaristraveling,the
totalnumberofmilestraveled,andthetripmileage.Thetotalmileage
cannotberesetbutthetripmileagecanberesettozero.
Anautomobilerepairmanshouldneverbepermittedtoattemptto
adjustorrepairthespeedometerheadortoreplacetheglass.Thiswork
canbedoneonlybymenexperiencedinspeedometerworkandonlywith
specialmachineryandtools.
Ifthespeedometerheadisremoved,handleitwiththesamecarethat
youwoulda fine watch.Thespeedometerheadmayeasilybedamaged
byroughhandling.
CLOCK
Theclockisattheleftoftheignitionandlightingswitch.Ithasan
eightdaymovementandiswoundandsetinthesamemannerasany
stemwindingwatch.Thewindingandsettingstemisontheundersideof
thespeedometerjustbackoftheinstrumentboard.
OPERATION 17
TIREAIRPRESSURES
Thefollowingairpressuresarerecommendedforthe33"x 5"tires
whicharestandardonV-63Cadillaccars.
BodyStyle
Touring
Phaeton
Roadster
Sedan
ImperialSedan
Suburban
ImperialSuburban
2-passengerCoupe
5-passengerCoupe
Limousine
TownBrougham
WithDriverOnly
Front
15lbs. Rear
50lbs.
45
45
50
50
55
55
45
50
55
50
((
((
((
((
((
{(
((
((
a
t(
WithFullLoad
Front
45lbs. Rear 65lbs
60"
50"
65"
65"
70"
70"
50"
60"
70"
65"
Ftg.S
Tire Valve Cap
TIREVALVECAPS
Thecapswhichfit overthetirevalvestemson
somemakesoftiresarecombinationdustandvalve
caps. Theycanberemovedorreplacedwithout
screwingthecaptheentirelengthofthethreadon
thestem.
Toinstalloneofthesetirevalvecaps,placethe
capoverthevalvestemandturnita fewturnsto
therighttoengagethethreadintheslidingnut
insidethecap.(SeeFig.8.)Iftheslidingnutistoo
farinsidethecaptobereachedbythevalvestem,
shakeitdownbytappingthebottomofthecapon
somesolidobject.Whenthevalvestemhasbeen
startedintheslidingnutpushthecapdownasfar
asitwillgo.Turnthecaptotheright untilit
lockstightly.
Toremovea tirevalvecapturn^ittwoorthree
turnstotheleft.Thisloosenstheslidingnutinside
thecap.Nextpullthecapupasfarasitwillgo.
Thenremovethecapbyunscrewingittherestof
theway.

18 OPERATION
DEMOUNTABLERIMS
Demounting Rim with Tire
Jackuptheaxleuntilthewheelisfreefromtheground.Thenremove
thevalvecapandthevalvestemclampingnut.Loosentheeightrim
clampingnutswiththebracewrenchfurnishedwiththetoolkit.Turn
eachclampsothatthelugisawayfromtherimandholditinthisposition
bytighteningthenutslightlywithyourfingers. Turnthewheelsothat
thevalveisatthetopandpullthebottomoftherimtowardsyouun-
tilitclearsthewheel.Therimwithtirecanthenberemovedbyliftingit
straightup.
Mounting Rim with Tire
Iftherimyouaremountinghasnosplitclampingring,taketheone
fromtherimremoved.Turnthewheelsothattheholeforthevalvestem
isatthetop.Holdtherimsothatthevalvestemisatthetopandsothat
therimlatchandtheclampingringaretowardsyou.Insertthevalve
stemandthenpushthebottomoftherimintoplace.
Turneachclamptoitsoriginalpositionandturntheclampingringso
thatthesplitintheringcomesdirectlyunderoneoftheclamps.Tighten
eachclampingnutslightly.Thencontinuearoundthewheel,tightening
eachnutfirmly.Screwonthevalvestemclampingnutandthevalvecap.
Fig. 9. Pig- 10.
Removing Tire from Rim Removing Tire from Rim,
First Position. Second Position.
If the rim does not run true, markthepartthatruns"out"fromtheface
ofthewheel.Thenslightlyloosenthenutsdiametricallyoppositethispart
andtightenthenutsatthemarkedpart.Proceedinthismanneruntilthe
rimdoesruntrue.
Removing Tire from Rim
Caution—Do not attempt to remove a tire from a demountable rim with-
out first completely deflating the tire. Serious personal injury may result if
this is attempted.
OPERATION 19
Thetiremayberemovedwithoutremovingtherimfromthewheel.
Deflate the tire. Thenopenthelockwiththepointedendofthetiretool
orwitha screw-driver.
Raiseoneendoftheringwiththetoolasshown(Figure9)untilthe
lugisclearoftheslotintherim.
Raisetheendoftheringfurtherandforcethelugoutovertheedgeof
therim.(Figure10.) Startattheendofthering,whichis
outofthegroove,andremovetheentire
ringfromtherim.(Figure11.)(Seenote.)
Turnthewheeluntilthevalvestemis
atthetop,andpullthelowerpartofthe
tiretowardsyouuntilitisclearofthe
rim.Thetiremaythenberemovedfrom
therimbyliftingitstraightup.
Note—In removingtheringfromthe
rim,careshouldbetakentoavoidopen-
ingtheringbeyonditselasticlimit.
Whentheringisfreefromtherim,the
endsshouldoverlapfromYi to1½inches,
whichtheywilldoiftheringhasnotbeen
stretchedinremoval.
Fig. 11.
Removing Tire from Rim,
Third Position.
Iftheendsoftheringdonotoverlaptheyshouldbeclosedtogether
beforereplacing.Ifthisisnotdonethereisa possibilityofthelockfail-
ingtoengagethelugsontheendsofthering.Thismightlaterbethe
causeofanaccident.
Fig. 12.
Placing Tire on Rim,
First Position.
Fig. IS.
Placing Tire on Rim,
Second Position.
Placing Tire on Rim
Ifthedemountablerimisonthewheel,jackuptheaxleandturnthe
wheeluntiltheholeforthevalveisatthetop.

20 OPERATION
Holdthetiresothatthevalvestemisatthetopandinsertthevalve
steminthevalvestemholeintherim andwheel.Thenpushthebottom
ofthetireintoplace.
Insertoneendofthelockingringin
theslotintherim.Thenwiththetoolas
alever,forcethetirebackfarenoughto
allowthering togooneasily.(Figure
12.)
Startingattheendofthering which
isinsertedintheslotintherim, forcethe
remainderoftheringintoplacebyusing
thetiretoolaspliers.(Figure13.)
Inserttheflatendofthetoolbetween
therim andtheringandturnthetoolup
edgewise.(Figure14.)Thiswillliftthe
looseendofthering andforceitinto
place.
Drawtheendsofthelockingring
togetherwiththetool.(Figure15.)
Thenswingthelockintoplace.
Theninflatethetire.(Seeunder
"TireAirCompressor,"page 21 and"Tire
AirPressures,"page17.)
Ifthedemountablerim isnotattached
toa wheel,laytherimwiththetireflat
onthegroundwhenremovingorreplac-
inga tire. TIREHOLD
Thetireholderisdesignedtocarrytwostandardsizetiresinflatedon
rims.
Toremovethetirewithrim, removethecapfromthelockatthecenter
oftheclampandunlockit.Thenunscrewtheclampasfarasitwillgo.
Thetirethenmayberemoved.
Toputa tireontheholderproceedinthereversemanner.
Whenmountingtwotiresonthetireholder,theclampingorlockingrings
shouldfaceeachothertopreventtheftofthetiresbyremovingthemfrom
therims. Ifmountingonetireonthetireholder,theclampingorlocking
ring shouldfacetothefrontortowardthebody.
Fig. 14-
Placing Tire on Rim.
Third Position.
Fig. 15.
Placing Tire on Rim,
Fourth Position.
ER
OPERATION 21
Careshouldbeexercisednottopermittheinnertiretostrikethebody
ofthecarwhenremovingorreplacingit.
COLDWEATHERSUGGESTIONS
STARTINGTHEENGINE
Manipulation of Carburetor Enriching Button
Pullbackthecarburetorenrichingbuttonbeforeattemptingtostartthe
engineincoldweather,butimmediatelytheenginecommencestorununder
itsownpowerpushthebuttonasfarforwardaspossiblewithoutcausingthe
enginetostoporslowdownmateriallyandasfarforwardasitgoesas
soonastheengineiswarmenoughtopermitit.
Priming the Carburetor
In extremely coldweather,iftheengineisnotstartedin30secondswith
thecarburetorenrichingbuttonpulledback,removethefootfromthe
starterbutton.Thiswillstopthecrankingoperation.Nowopenandclose
thethrottleonceortwicewiththehandthrottleorthefootaccelerator.Do
not openandclosethethrottle morethantwice.Openingandclosingthe
throttleoperatesthethrottlepumpofthecarburetor.Thisraisesthelevel
ofthegasolineinthecarburetor,therebyprimingit.Ifthethrottleis
openedandclosedmorethantwice,gasolineisforcedoutofthecarburetor.
Position for Spark Lever
Exceptinextremelycoldweatherthesparklevershouldbeplacedabout
one-thirdthewaydownfromthe"Advance"positionwhenstarting.In
extremelycoldweather,itshould be inthe"Advance"positionwhenstarting.
(Iftheengineistobecrankedbyhand,thesparklevershouldbeplacedat
the"Retard"position.)
Itisthepracticeofsomedriverstoplacethesparkleveratthe"Retard"
positionwhenstartingtheengine.Whilethisistheproperpositionforthe
sparkleverifthe engineis tobehandcranked,thereis no reasonforretarding
thesparkwhentheengineiselectricallycrankedandstartingisfacilitated
ifthesparkleverisadvanced.Inextremelycoldweatherthereisnoreason
whythesparklevercannotbeplacedinthe"Advance"positionifthe
enginebeelectricallycrankedanda quickerstartisassuredifthisisdone.
Thefollowingwillexplainwhyitispossibletofullyadvancethesparklever
atsuchtimes:

22 OPERATION
Themixtureina coldenginedoesnotburnasrapidly,noristhereso
muchenergyinit,aswhentheengineiswarmerandthefuelisbetter
vaporized.Whentheengineiscolda largepercentageoftheheatofeach
explosionisinstantlydissipatedbyreasonofthecoldcombustionchambers
andcylinderwalls,theresultbeingthatanexplosion whichina hotengine
wouldoccurearlyenoughandhaveenergyenoughtoproducea "spark
knock"or"backkick,"occurssomuchlaterandissomuchlessintense,
thatneitheroftheseresultsisproduced.
Itisbesttohavethesparkleverinthefullyadvancedpositionforcold
weatherstartingforthefollowingreasons:
Asexplainedbefore,a coldmixtureignitesmuchmoreslowlythana hot
mixture.A cold,slow-burningmixture,ifignitedontopdeadcenteron
accountofthesparkbeingintheretardedposition,mayburnthroughthe
powerstroke,throughtheexhauststrokeandmaybestillburninginthe
combustionchamberwhentheinletvalveisopenedtodrawinanother
charge.Whenthishappens,theflamesetsfiretotheincomingcharge,
ignitingthemixtureintheintakepipeandcarburetor,producinga "pop
back"inthecarburetor.Thepossibilityofthishappeningisverymuch
lessifignitionisstartedearlierbyplacingthesparkleverinthefullyad-
vancedposition.
Position for Throttle Lever
Inwinterweatherthethrottlelevershouldbeopenedonlyslightly
forstarting.Manydriversmakea practiceofopeningthethrottlewide
ornearlysoimmediatelytheengineisstartedandaftershiftingthetrans-
missionintogear.Thefullsuctionofeachpistonthroughthecarburetor
undertheseconditionscausestheauxiliaryairvalveinthecarburetorto
openwide,allowinga largevolumeofcoldairtorushintothecarburetor.
Theproportionofairtogasolinedrawninundertheseconditionsia
practicallythesameaswhentheengineishotter,butasonlya portionof
thegasolinedrawninisvaporized,andasonlythevaporizedportionburns,
theproportionofairtogasolineburnedisgreaterthanwhentheengineis
warmer,thusproducinga "lean"mixture.A "lean"mixtureisslowbur-
ing,whetheritiswarmorhot,anda cold"lean"mixtureisparticularlyslow
burning.Thusifthethrottleisopenedsuddenlybeforetheengineisthor-
oughlywarm,thecold"lean"mixtureresulting,burnssoslowlythata
"popback"inthecarburetorisalmostsuretooccur.
OPERATION 23
Uae of Starter Button
Do not pressthe starter button while the engine is running.
Inextremelycoldweather,whenthecarhasbeenstandinglongenough
tobecomethoroughlychilled,itisa goodplantoreleasetheclutchbefore
pressingdownthestarterbuttonandtoholdtheclutchpedaldownduring
thecrankingoperation.Ifthisisnotdone,thestarteriscalleduponto
turnthejackshaftinthetransmissioninadditiontocrankingtheengine.
Whileatordinarytemperaturestheadditionalenergyrequiredisalmost
negligible,inextremelycoldweatherthelubricantinthetransmissionmay
offerenoughresistancetothetransmissiongearstoincreaseconsiderably
thedemanduponthebattery.Ifthehabitisformedofregularlyholding
theclutchpedaldownduringthecrankingoperationonewillnotbesolikely
toneglecttodosoduringcoldweather.
ANTI-FREEZINGSOLUTIONS
Incoldweathera goodanti-freezingsolutionshouldbeused.A solu-
tionofcommercialglycerineandwaterisrecommendedofthecorrect
proportionforthetemperatureexperienced.Thefollowingarethefreezing
temperaturesofglycerineandwatersolutions:
Glycerine
(%byvolume)
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
Water
(%byvolume)
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
FreezingTemperature
(degreesFahr.)
+10°
+6°
+3°
0°
—2°
—4°
Donotusea solutioncontainingcalciumchloride,asitisinjuriousto
themetalpartsofthecoolingsystem.
Theradiatorcondenseralsomakesitpossibletousewithsafetyananti-
freezingsolutionofdenaturedorwoodalcoholandwater.Thefollowing
arethefreezingtemperaturesofdenaturedalcoholandwatersolutions.
enaturedAlcohol
(%byvolume)
20%
30%
40%
50%
Water
(%byvolume)
80%
70%
60%
50%
SpecificGravity
FreezingTemperature(Hydrometer
(degreesFahr.)reading)
+13°.974
—3°.964
—20°.953
—34°.936

24 OPERATION
Itisa goodplantodrawouta sampleofthesolutionoccasionallyand
totestitsspecificgravitywitha hydrometergraduatedbetweenthelimits
oftheabovetable.
Beforefilling thecoolingsystemwithanti-freezingsolution,thecondenser
shouldbedrainedbyremovingtheplug"R",Fig.22.Ifwaterisleftin
thecondenseratthistime,itmayfreezebeforeenoughalcoholpassesover
fromtheradiatortoloweritsfreezingtemperature.
Thecapacityofthecoolingsystemisfiveandone-quartergallons.The
condensershouldcontainanadditionalthreequarts,makinga totalofsix
gallons.
Caution—Donot use water alone in the cooling system during freezing weather.
Use a good anti-freezing solution. Water will freeze even though the engine
be run continuously.
ADDITIONALCOLDWEATHERSUGGESTIONS
Starting in Intermediate or High Gear
Startinginintermediateorhighgearshouldnotbedoneatanytime,
butthisisparticularlyunfairtoa coldengine,asitnecessitatesa further
openingofthethrottlethanisnecessarywhenstartingonlowgear,with
theprobabilityofa "popback"inthecarburetor.
Cold Test of Engine Oil
Useoilhavinga lowcoldtest.Inotherwords,useoilwhichflows freely
atlowtemperature.(Seeunder"Lubricants,"page31.)
Frequent Changing of Oil
"Waterandgasolinemayaccumulateinthecrankcaseoftheengine
duringcoldweather.Itisnecessary,therefore,todraintheoilfrequently
andreplaceit.(Seeunder"ReplaceEngineOilFrequentlyDuringCold
Weather,"page34.)Ifwaterandgasolinearepermittedtoaccumulatein
thecrankcase,seriousdamagetotheenginemayresult.
OPERATION 25
Strainers in Gasoline System
Itmaybefoundnecessarytoremovethestrainersinthegasolineline
morefrequentlyduringcoldweatherinordertopreventanaccumulation
ofwateratthesepointswhichwouldfreezeandpreventthegasolinefrom
flowing tothecarburetor.(Seeunder"SettlingChambersandStrainers,"
page50.)
OPERATIONOFENGINE
General Principle
Theproductionofpowerbytheenginemaybedescribedbrieflyasfollows:
Gasolineisforcedbyairpressurefromthetanktothecarburetor.At
thecarburetorthegasolineismixedwithairintheproperproportion,
forminganexplosivevapororgas.Thegasisdrawnthroughtheintake
manifoldandinletvalvesintothecylindersoftheengine,whereitiscom-
pressedandignitedbyelectricsparks,thepressureoftheresultingexplosions
producingthepower.
Thequantityofgassuppliedtotheengineisregulatedbya throttle
valveatthecarburetorwhichisoperatedbymeansofthethrottlelever
atthesteeringwheelorbytheacceleratorbuttonattherightofthebrake
pedal.
Four'Cycle Engine
Theengineisofthefour-cycletype,thatis,therearefourmovements
orstrokesofeachpistonandtworevolutionsoftheflywheel tocomplete
eachpowerproducingstroke.Thefourstrokesofthecycleeachhavea
differentfunctionandfollowoneanotherinthesameorderasfollows:
Suction Stroke. Thesuctionstrokecommenceswiththepistonatits
highestpointinthecylinderandwiththeinletandexhaustvalvesclosed.
Immediatelythepistonstartstodescendtheinletvalveopensandthrough
thisvalvea chargeofgasfromthecarburetorisdrawnintothespaceabove
thepiston.
Compression Stroke. Asthepistonstartsupwardagainaftercompleting
thesuctionstroke,theinletvalvecloses.Asthereisthennoescapeforthe
gasinthecylinder,itiscompressed,themaximumcompressionbeingreached
whenthepistonisatthetopofitsstroke.
Power Stroke. Atthecompletionofthecompressionstroke,thespark
takesplaceatthesparkplug,ignitingthecompressedchargeofgas.The
heatresultingfromtherapidcombustioncausesthepressureofthecon-
fined gastorisealmostinstantaneouslytoseveraltimesitspressure

26 OPERATION
beforetheexplosion.Thispressureexertedonthepistonforcesdownthe
pistonandproducestheimpulsewhichistransmittedbytheconnecting
rodtothecrankshaft,causingittorotate.
Exhaust Stroke. Justbeforethepistonreachestheendofthepower
stroke,theexhaustvalveopens.Itremainsopenasthepistontravels
upwardagainontheexhauststroke,drivingtheburnedgasoutfromthe
cylinders.Bythetimethepistonhasreacheditshighestpointithasforced
outtheburnedgasandtheexhaustvalvecloses.Havingcompletedthe
fourstrokes,thepistonisnowreadytodrawina newchargeandtorepeat
thecycle.
Thesamecycleofeventstakesplaceinallofthecylindersbutnotwo
pistonsareatthesamepointinthecycleatthe'sametime.IntheCadillac
eightcylinderV-typeengine,theimpulsesintheeightcylindersareso
timedthata powerstrokeisbeguneveryquarterturnofthecrankshaft.
Inotherwords,thecrankshaftreceivesfouroverlappingimpulsesevery
revolution.Theorderinwhichtheimpulsestakeplace is showninFigure 16.
Fig. 16. Firing Order
Automatic Spark Control
Wheneachpistonisatitshighestpositioninthecylinderis,ofcourse,
thetimewhenthechargeisatitsgreatestcompression,or,inotherwords
whenthegasis"jammedinthetightest."Ignitionoccurringexactlyat
thisinstantproducesa muchmoreforcefulexplosionthanifitoccurredat
atimewhenthechargewasnot sotightlycompressed.
Ifthechargewereignitedtheinstantthecontactismadeintheignition
timer,regardlessofthespeedoftheengine,thesparkcouldbesetper-
manentlyinonepositionandwouldnot requirechanging.Buta certain
amountoftimeelapsesfromtheinstantthecircuitisclosedattheignition
timeruntilthechargeisignitedinthecylinder.Whilethistimeisbutthe
OPERATION 27
merestfractionofa second,infact,almostinfinitesimal,yetitistimejust
thesameandmustbetakenintoaccountwhendealingwithsucha rapidly
actingmechanismasanautomobileengine.
Thelapseoftimerequiredtoignitethechargeisalwaysthesameregard-
lessofthespeedoftheengineandpistons.Youwillrealizethatwhenthe
engineisrunning,say3000R.P.M.,thepistonsaretravelingmanytimes
asfastastheydowhenitisrunningonly300R.P.M.Whentheengine
isrunning3000R.P.M.,itisnecessarythereforetostarttheignitionproc-
essearlier.
IntheCadillacthisisaccomplishedbymeansofa ringgovernorlocated
directlyundertheignitiontimer.Asthespeedoftheengineincreases,the
ringinthegovernorassumesa positionmorenearlyhorizontal,forcingthe
timercamslightlyaheadontheshaftbywhichitisdriven.Thiscauses
thetimercontactpointstobreakearlier,therebystartingtheignition
processearlierinrelationtothepositionsofthepistons.Whentheengine
slowsdown,theringinthegovernorassumesa positionmorenearlyver-
tical,forcingthecambackontheshaftbywhichitisdriven,causingthe
contactpointstobreaklaterandtherebystartingtheignitionprocesslater
inthestrokesofthepistons.
Manual Spark Control
Theautomaticcontroltakescareofthesparkpositionforallordinary
driving.A sparkleverisprovided,however,bywhichtheignitiontiming
maybestillfurtheradvancedorretarded.
Ordinarilythesparklevershouldbecarriedaboutone-thirdtheway
downfromthe"Advance"position.Togetthebestresults,however,it
shouldberetardedfurtherforextremely low speedsandadvancedfurtherfor
extremelyhigh speeds. Thecarshouldbedrivenatalltimeswiththegreat-
estpossiblesparkadvancepermittedbythespeedoftheengine.
Advancingthesparktoofarforgivenenginespeedswillusuallycausea
slightpoundingnoise,whichissometimesnotnoticedbythebeginner,as
itisusuallybutslightowingtothesubstantialcharacterofthecrankshaft
andbearings.
Whenstartingtheengine,placethesparkaboutone-thirdthewaydown
fromthe"Advance"position,exceptduringextremelycoldweatherwhenit
shouldbeplacedatthe"Advance"position.Iftheengineshouldbecranked
byhand,thelevershouldbeplacedatthe"Retard"position.Ifthiscaution
isnotobserveda "backkick"mayoccur,probablyresultinginpersonalin-
jury.

28 OPERATION
WINDSHIELDPOSITIONS
Underordinaryconditions,sufficientventilationinthefrontcompart-
mentisprovidedbythecowlventilator.Additionalventilationforwarmer
weatherisprovidedforbytheadjustableupperandlowersectionsofthe
windshield.
Open Cars
Tosecuregreaterventilationinthefrontcompartmentofopencars,the
lowersectionofthewindshieldshouldbetiltedin.Thethumbscrewshalf
wayupthewindshieldstandardsmustbeloosenedbeforethelowersection
canbemovedandshouldbetightenedafterwards.Ifstillgreaterventila-
tionisdesired,theuppersectionmaybetiltedtowardthedriver.
Therubberstripbetweenthewindshieldglassesmustberemovedbefore
eithertheupperorlowersectionoftheshieldistiltedinward.
Closed Cars
Tosecuregreaterventilationinthefrontcompartmentofclosedcars,
theupperedgeofthelowersectionofthewindshieldshouldbetiltedout-
ward.Todothis,loosenthethumbscrewsatthesides,liftthehandles
untiltheloweredgeclearstheweatherstriponthecowl,andthenpush
outward.Tightenthethumbscrewswhenthewindshieldisintheopen
position.
Inclement Weather
Thenormalpositionofthewindshieldforinclementweatheriswith
theupperandlowersectionsclosed,andwiththeremovablerubberstrip
betweentheglasses.Ifrainorsnowshouldfreezeontheglass,makingit
impossibletocleanitwiththewindshieldwiper,theuppersectionmaybe
tiltedoutata slightangle.Thisisknownasthe"rainvision"position.
FOOTRESTFORFOOTTHROTTLE
Thefoot restforthefootthrottlecanbeadjustedtoanyheightwhichthe
driverfindsmostconvenient.Toraisethefootrestfirst loosenthelocknut
onthefoot restsupportunderthetoeboard.Thenturnthenutabovethe
toeboardclockwiseuntilthedesiredheightisobtained.Tightenthenut
underthetoeboard.Tolowerthefootrest,proceedinthesamemanner
butturnthenutcounter-clockwise.
TOOLBOX
Acompartmentfortoolsisprovidedintherighthanddustshield.The
hingeddoorofthecompartmentformsa partofthedustshieldandis
lockedwiththeswitchkey.Toopenthetoolboxdoorinserttheswitch
keyandturnthenickelplatedhandletotheright.Donotattempttoturn
thekeyinthelock.Insertion ofthekeyunlocksthehandle.
LUBRICATION
PartII
i
i
i
s
j

30 LUBRICATION
IMPORTANCEOFLUBRICATION
Thereisnoonethingwhichistheprimarycauseofmoretroubleand
thecauseofmoreexpenseinmaintenancetothemechanismofanauto-•
mobilethaninsufficientlubrication.I
AllmovingpartsoftheCadillaccararemanufacturedwithanunusualI
degreeofaccuracy.Inordertomaintainthesplendidrunningqualities\
ofthecar,itbecomesnecessarysystematicallytointroducesuitablelubri-j
cantsbetweensurfaceswhichmoveincontactwithoneanother.!
It should be borne in mind constantly that where one part moves upon or in \
contact with another friction is created. Friction means wear, and the wear will S
be of the metal itself unless there is oil. The use of too much oil is better than }
too little, but just enough is best. ?
Properlubricationnotonlylargelypreventsthewearingoftheparts,I
butitmakesthecarrunmoreeasily,consequentlywithlessexpenseforI
fuelandmakesitsoperationeasierineveryway.
Theoilingdiagramshownonpage36indicatesthemoreimportant
pointswhichrequireattention.Butdonotstopatthese.Noticethej
numerouslittleplaceswheretherearemovingparts,suchastheyokesoni
theendsofvariousbrakerodconnections,etc.A fewdropsofoilonthese
occasionallywillmakethemworkmoresmoothly.
Judiciouslubricationisoneofthegreatestessentialstothesatisfactory
runningandthelonglifeofthemotorcar.Therefore,lubricate,andlubri-
catejudiciously.
LUBRICATION 31
LUBRICANTS
Therearemanygradesofoils.Therearenonetoogood.Naturally,
wehaveexperimenteda greatdealwithnumerouslubricantstodetermine
whicharebestadaptedforthevariouspartsoftheCadillaccar.Itisnot
alwaysaneasymatterforuserstoobtainsuitablelubricants.Theconstant
demandmadeuponusbyCadillacusershasinducedustoprovidesuitable
lubricantswhichmaybeobtainedfromCadillacdistributorsordealers.
Engine Oil
CadillacEngineOilisrecommendedandmaybeusedbothsummerand
winter.IfsomeotheroilispreferredourTechnicalDepartmentwillmail
acompleteup-to-datelistoftestedandapprovedoilsonrequest.
Theoilusedshouldbea filtered oneandnotanacidoralkalitreatedoil.
Wecannotholdourselvesresponsiblefordamageresultingfromtheuse
ofoilnotsuitedtotheCadillacengine.
Rear Axle and Transmission Lubricant
CadillacRearAxleandTransmissionLubricantisrecommendedforthe
therearaxleandtransmissionorinitsabsencea mixtureofsteamcylinder
oilanda smallamountofcupgreasemixedtosucha consistencythatthe
mixtureflowseasilyattemperaturesfrom60°to70°Fahrenheit.
GunGrease
CadillacGunGreaseisrecommendedforuseinthegreasegunor,inits
absence,numberthreecupgrease.
Distributor Grease
CadillacDistributorGreaseisrecommendedfortheDistributor.
Universal Joint Grease
CadillacUniversalJointGreaseisrecommendedfortheuniversaljoints
onthedriveshaftor,initsabsence,numberthreefibre grease.
Steering Gear Lubricant
Amixtureconsistingofseventy-fivepercentofCadillacRearAxleand
TransmissionLubricantandtwenty-fivepercentCadillacGunGreaseor
ornumberonecupgreaseisrecommendedforthesteeringgear.

32 LUBRICATION
ENGINELUBRICATION
Lubricating System
Thelubricationoftheengineisbyoilunderpressure.A supplyofoil
iscarriedintheoilpan.Oilisdrawnfromtheoilpanbyanoilpumpand
forcedtothemainenginebearings.
Theconnectingrodbearingsonthecrankshaftarelubricatedbyoil
fromthemainbearingsforcedthroughholesdrilledinthecrankshaft.A
holedrilledintheforwardendofthecrankshaftcommunicateswitha hole
drilledinthecrankshaftsprocketthroughwhichoilissuppliedtothecam-
shaftdrivingchain.Thecylindersarelubricatedbyoilthrownfromthe
lowerendsoftheconnectingrods.
Thepressureoftheoilisregulatedbypressureregulator(Figure17),
containinga valveunderspringtension.Whenthepressureisreached
forwhichthevalveisset,thevalveisforcedopenandtheoiloverflows
pastthevalve.A smallholedrilledintheregulatorhousingallowsoilto
by-passthevalvewhenthevalveisseated.Oilflowingthroughtheby-
passandoilforcedpastthevalveiscarriedtothecamshaftbearings,power
pressurepumpinthegasolinesystemandthecamshaftsprocketsand
chainsthrougha holedrilledinthecamshaft.
Thereisonegaugeandoneindicatorinthelubricatingsystem.The
pressuregaugeislocatedontheinstrumentboardandindicatesthepres-
sureoftheoil.Theindicatorisattachedtotheuppercoverofthecrank
casenearthecarburetorandindicatestheleveloftheoilintheengine.
Filling Lubricating System
Anoillevelindicatorontheengineisforthepurposeofindicatingwhen
thesupplyofengineoilislowandwhena sufficientamounthasbeenadded.
Theindicatorisbetweenthecylinderblocksandisundertheintakemani-
fold,ontheright handside.
Oilshouldbeaddedwhenevertheredballoftheindicatorisdownto
thelinemarked"Fill."Donotrisk runningtheengineaftertheredball
hasreachedthelinemarked"Fill."If,throughoversight,theredball
shouldreachthelinemarked"Empty"theengineshouldbestoppedimme-
diately,andsuppliedwithoil.Theoilfillerisjustbackoftheradiatoron
theright side. (SeeFigure17.)
Useonlyoilwhichissuitable(seeunder"Lubricants,"page31),and
becertainthattheoilisfreefromdirtorlintbeforepouringitintothe
engine.
LUBRICATION 33
Whentheredballoftheindicatorisat"Full"theengineshouldcon-
tainsevenquartsofoil.
Fig. 17.
Oil Filler, Pressure Regulator, Level Indicator and Drain Plug.
Replace Engine Oil
Attheendofeach500milesoftravelremovethedrainplugfromthe
engineoilpan(seeFigure17).Aftertheoilhasdrainedoutreplacetheplug
andthroughtheoilfiller onthehousingjustbackofthefan,addseven
quartsoffreshengineoil(seeunder"ReplaceEngineOilFrequentlyDuring
ColdWeather,"page34).A socketwrenchwitha longhandleissupplied
withthetoolequipmenttofacilitatetheremovalandreplacementofthe
drainplug.
Attheendofthefirst1,000milesoftravel,attheendofthenext3,000
milesoftravelandattheendofevery4,000milesoftravelthereafter,drain
theoilpanasdirectedintheprecedingparagraph,replacetheplugand
throughthefiller adda mixtureconsistingofthreequartsofkeroseneoil
andonequartofengineoil.Themixturemustbefreefromdirtandlint.
Runtheengineata speedofbetween600and1,000revolutionsperminute
fortheperiodofoneminute.Thendraintheoilpan,removeitandthe
screenfromtheengineandthoroughlycleantheoilpanandscreen.Do
notfailtoaddsevenquartsoffreshengineoilafterreplacingtheoilpan.