Casio fx-100AU PLUS User manual

fx-100AU
User's Guide
Ehttp://world.casio.com/edu_e/

– 1 –
Removing and Replacing
the Calculator’s Cover
•Before starting .....1
Holding the cover as shown in the illustration, slide the
unit out of the cover.
•After you are finished .....2
Holding the cover as shown in the illustration, slide the
unit out of the cover.
•Always slide the keyboard end of the unit into the cover
first. Never slide the display end of the unit into the cover.
.....1
.....2

– 2 –
Safety Precautions
Be sure to read the following safety precautions before
using this calculator. Keep this manual handy for later ref-
erence.
Caution
This symbol is used to indicate information that can
result in personal injury or material damage if ignored.
Batteries
•After removing the battery from the calculator, put it
in a safe place where it will not get into the hands of
small children and accidentally swallowed.
•Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If
accidentally swallowed, consult with a physician im-
mediately.
•Never charge batteries, try to take batteries apart, or
allow batteries to become shorted. Never expose
batteries to direct heat or dispose of them by incin-
eration.
•Misuse of batteries can cause them to leak and dam-
age nearby items, and can create the risk of fire and
personal injury.
•Always make sure that the battery’s positive kand
negative lends are facing correctly when you load
it into the calculator.
•Remove the battery if you do not plan to use the
calculator for a long time.
•Use only the type of battery specified for this calcu-
lator in this manual.
Disposing of the Calculator
•Never dispose of the calculator by burning it. Doing
so can cause certain components to suddenly burst,
creating the risk of fire and personal injury.

– 3 –
•The displays and illustrations (such as key markings)
shown in this User’s Guide are for illustrative purposes
only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they
represent.
•The contents of this manual are subject to change with-
out notice.
•In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to
anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential
damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase
or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer
Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind
whatsoever against the use of these materials by any
other party.
Handling Precautions
•Be sure to press the 5key before using the calcu-
lator for the first time.
•Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace
the battery at least once every two years.
A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and mal-
function of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in
the calculator.
•The battery that comes with this unit discharges
slightly during shipment and storage. Because of
this, it may require replacement sooner than the
normal expected battery life.
•Low battery power can cause memory contents to
become corrupted or lost completely. Always keep
written records of all important data.
•Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to tem-
perature extremes.
Very low temperatures can cause slow display response,
total failure of the display, and shortening of battery life.
Also avoid leaving the calculator in direct sunlight, near
a window, near a heater or anywhere else it might be
exposed to very high temperatures. Heat can cause dis-
coloration or deformation of the calculator’s case, and
damage to internal circuitry.

– 4 –
•Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to large
amounts of humidity and dust.
Take care never to leave the calculator where it might
be splashed by water or exposed to large amounts of
humidity or dust. Such conditions can damage internal
circuitry.
•Never drop the calculator or otherwise subject it to
strong impact.
•Never twist or bend the calculator.
Avoid carrying the calculator in the pocket of your trou-
sers or other tight-fitting clothing where it might be sub-
jected to twisting or bending.
•Never try to take the calculator apart.
•Never press the keys of the calculator with a ball-
point pen or other pointed object.
•Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the cal-
culator.
If the calculator becomes very dirty, wipe it off with a
cloth moistened in a weak solution of water and a mild
neutral household detergent. Wring out all excess mois-
ture before wiping the calculator. Never use thinner, ben-
zene or other volatile agents to clean the calculator. Do-
ing so can remove printed markings and can damage
the case.

– 5 –
Contents
Removing and Replacing the
Calculator’s Cover .................................. 1
Safety Precautions .................................. 2
Handling Precautions ............................. 3
Two-line Display ...................................... 7
Before getting started... .......................... 7
kModes .................................................................... 7
kInput Capacity ........................................................ 8
kMaking Corrections During Input ........................... 9
kReplay Function ..................................................... 9
kError Locator .......................................................... 9
kMulti-statements .................................................... 9
kExponential Display Formats ............................... 10
kDecimal Point and Separator Symbols ................ 10
kInitializing the Calculator ...................................... 11
Basic Calculations ................................ 11
kArithmetic Calculations ........................................ 11
kFraction Operations ............................................. 12
kPercentage Calculations ...................................... 13
kDegrees, Minutes, Seconds Calculations ............ 14
kFIX, SCI, RND ..................................................... 15
Memory Calculations ............................ 16
kAnswer Memory ................................................... 16
kConsecutive Calculations .................................... 16
kIndependent Memory ........................................... 16
kVariables .............................................................. 17
Scientific Function Calculations.......... 17
kTrigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric Functions ... 18
kHyperbolic/Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ............ 18
kCommon and Natural Logarithms/
Antilogarithms ...................................................... 19

– 6 –
kSquare Roots, Cube Roots, Roots, Squares,
Cubes, Reciprocals, Factorials, Random Numbers,
π , and Permutation/Combination ......................... 19
kAngle Unit Conversion ......................................... 20
kCoordinate Conversion (Pol (x, y), Rec (r,
␪ )) ..... 20
kEngineering Notation Calculations ....................... 21
kInputting Engineering Symbols ............................ 21
Statistical Calculations ......................... 23
Standard Deviation .................................................. 23
Normal Distribution .................................................. 25
Regression Calculations .......................................... 26
Complex Number Calculations ............ 30
kAbsolute Value and Argument Calculation ........... 31
kRectangular Form ↔Polar Form Display ............ 31
kConjugate of a Complex Number ......................... 32
Base-nCalculations .............................. 32
Technical Information ........................... 34
kWhen you have a problem...... ............................. 34
kError Messages ................................................... 35
kOrder of Operations ............................................. 36
kStacks .................................................................. 37
kInput Ranges ....................................................... 38
Power Supply ........................................ 40
Specifications ........................................ 41

– 7 –
Two-line Display
The two-line display makes it possible to view
both the calculation formula and its result at
the same time.
•The upper line shows the calculation formula.
•The lower line shows the result.
A separator symbol is displayed every three digits when
the integer part of the mantissa has more than three dig-
its.
Before getting started...
kModes
Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct
mode as indicated in the table below.
To perform this type of Perform this To enter
calculation: key operation: this mode:
Basic arithmetic F1COMP
calculations
Complex number F2CMPLX
calculations
Standard deviation FF1SD
Regression calculations FF2REG
Base-ncalculations FF3BASE
• Pressing the Fkey more than twice displays additional
setup screens. Setup screens are described where they
are actually used to change the calculator setup.

– 8 –
• In this manual, the name of the mode you need to enter
in order to perform the calculations being described is
indicated in the main title of each section.
Example:
Note!
• To return the calculation mode and setup to the initial
defaults shown below, press AB2(Mode) =.
Calculation Mode: COMP
Angle Unit: Deg
Exponential Display Format: Norm 1, Eng OFF
Complex Number Display Format: a+bi
Fraction Display Format: ab/c
Decimal Point Character: Dot
•Mode indicators appear in the upper part of the display,
except for the BASE indicators, which appear in the
exponent part of the display.
•Engineering symbols are automatically turned off while
the calculator is the BASE Mode.
•You cannot make changes to the angle unit or other
display format (Disp) settings while the calculator is in
the BASE Mode.
•The COMP, CMPLX, SD, and REG modes can be used
in combination with the angle unit settings.
•Be sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG,
COMP, CMPLX) and angle unit setting (Deg, Rad, Gra)
before beginning a calculation.
kInput Capacity
•The memory area used for calculation input can hold 79
“steps.” One step is taken up each time you press a
number key or arithmetic operator key ( +, ,, -, \).
A Aor pkey operation does not take up a step, so
inputting AD, for example, takes up only one step.
•You can input up to 79 steps for a single calculation.
Whenever you input the 73rd step of any calculation,
the cursor changes from “_” to “k” to let you know
memory is running low. If you need to input more than
79 steps, you should divide your calculation into two or
more parts.
CMPLX
Complex Number
Calculations

– 9 –
•Pressing the gkey recalls the last result obtained, which
you can use in a subsequent calculation. See “Answer
Memory” for more information about using the gkey.
kMaking Corrections During Input
• Use eand rto move the cursor to the location you
want.
• Press [to delete the number or function at the current
cursor position.
• Press AKto change to an insert cursor t. Inputting
something while the insert cursor is on the display in-
serts the input at the insert cursor position.
•Pressing AK, or =returns to the normal cursor from
the insert cursor.
kReplay Function
• Pressing eor rrecalls the last calculation you per-
formed. You can then make any changes you want in
the calculation and re-execute it.
• Pressing tdoes not clear replay memory, so you can
recall the last calculation even after you press t.
•Replay memory is cleared by any of the following ac-
tions.
When you press the 5key
When you initialize modes and settings by pressing A
B2(or 3) =
When you change from one calculation mode to another
When you turn off the calculator.
kError Locator
• Pressing ror eafter an error occurs displays the
calculation with the cursor positioned at the location
where the error occurred.
kMulti-statements
A multi-statement is an expression that is made up of two
or more smaller expressions, which are joined using a colon
( : ).

– 10 –
•Example: To add 2 + 3 and then multiply the result by 4
2 +3 p\g-4 =
=
kExponential Display Formats
This calculator can display up to 10 digits. Larger values
are automatically displayed using exponential notation. In
the case of decimal values, you can select between two
formats that determine at what point exponential notation
is used.
•To change the exponential display format, press the F
key a number of times until you reach the exponential
display format setup screen shown below.
• Press 3. On the format selection screen that appears,
press 1to select Norm 1 or 2for Norm 2.
uNorm 1
With Norm 1, exponential notation is automatically used
for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal
values with more than two decimal places.
uNorm 2
With Norm 2, exponential notation is automatically used
for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal
values with more than nine decimal places.
•All of the examples in this manual show calculation re-
sults using the Norm 1 format.
kDecimal Point and Separator Symbols
You can use the display setup (Disp) screen to specify the
symbols you want for the decimal point and 3-digit sepa-
rator.
5.
2+3
Disp
20.
Ans ×4
1 2 3
Fix Sci N or m

– 11 –
COMP
•To change the decimal point and separator symbol set-
ting, press the Fkey a number of times until you reach
the setup screen shown below.
•Display the selection screen.
1rr
•Press the number key ( 1or 2) that corresponds to
the setting you want to use.
1(Dot): Period decimal point, comma separator
2(Comma): Comma decimal point, period separator
kInitializing the Calculator
•Perform the following key operation when you want to
initialize the calculation mode and setup, and clear re-
play memory and variables.
AB3(All) =
Basic Calculations
kArithmetic Calculations
Use the Fkey to enter the COMP Mode when you
want to perform basic calculations.
COMP ............................................................. F1
•Negative values inside of calculations must be enclosed
within parentheses. For details, see “Order of Operations.”
•It is not necessary to enclose a negative exponent within
parentheses.
sin 2.34 10–5 →S2.34 eD5
•Example 1: 3(510–9) 
1.5  10–8
3 -5 eD9 =
•Example 2: 5(97)  80 5 -R9 +7 T=
•You can skip all Toperations before =.
1
Disp

– 12 –
kFraction Operations
uFraction Calculations
•Values are displayed in decimal format automatically
whenever the total number of digits of a fractional value
(integer + numerator + denominator + separator marks)
exceeds 10.
1
5
2
3
13 15.00
13
15
•Example 1:  
2 C3 +1 C5 =
1
2
•Example 4: 1.6 
2.1 1 C2 +1.6 =
4 11 12.00
•Example 2: 3  1  4
3 C1 C4 +
1 C2 C3 =
2
3
1
4
11
12
•Example 3:  2 C4 =
2
4
1
2
•Results of calculations that mix fraction and decimal val-
ues are always decimal.
uDecimal ↔Fraction Conversion
•Use the operation shown below to convert calculation
results between decimal values and fraction values.
•Note that conversion can take as long as two seconds to
perform.
1 2.00
1
2
•Example 2: ↔0.5 (Fraction ↔Decimal)
1 C2 =
C
C
0.500
1 2.00
23 4.00
11 4.00
•Example 1: 2.75  2(Decimal → Fraction)
2.75 =
2.75
C
AB
3
4
11
4

– 13 –
uMixed Fraction ↔Improper Fraction
Conversion
•You can use the display setup (Disp) screen to specify
the display format when a fraction calculation result is
greater than one.
•To change the fraction display format, press the qkey
a number of times until you reach the setup screen shown
below.
1
Disp
•Display the selection screen.
1r
•Press the number key ( 1or 2) that corresponds to
the setting you want to use.
1(ab/c): Mixed fraction
2(d/c): Improper fraction
•An error occurs if you try to input a mixed fraction while
the d/c display format is selected.
kPercentage Calculations
•Example 1 : To calculate 12% of 1500 (180)
1500 -12 Av
• Example 2: To calculate what percentage of 880 is 660
(75%)
660 \880 Av
•Example 3 : To add 15% onto 2500 (2875)
2500 -15 Av+
•Example 4 : To discount 3500 by 25% (2625)
3500 -25 Av,
•Example: 1 ↔
1 C2 C3 =
AB
AB
53.00
12 3.00
5
3
2
3
12 3.00

– 14 –
•Example 5 : To discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by
20% (800)
168 +98 +734 =gAj1
p1-20 Av,
*As shown here, if you want to use the current Answer
Memory value in a mark up or discount calculation, you
need to assign the Answer Memory value into a variable
and then use the variable in the mark up/discount
calculation. This is because the calculation performed
when vis pressed stores a result to Answer Memory
before the ,key is pressed.
•Example 6: If 300 grams are added to a test sample
originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage
increase in weight?
(160%)
300 +500 Av
•Example 7: What is the percentage change when a
value is increased from 40 to 46? How about to 48?
(15%, 20%)
46 ,40 Av
eeeeee8 =
kDegrees, Minutes, Seconds
Calculations
•You can perform sexagesimal calculations using degrees
(hours), minutes, and seconds, and convert between
sexagesimal and decimal values.
•Example 1: To convert the decimal value 2.258 to a
sexagesimal value and then back to a decimal value
2.258 =
2.258
AO
2°15°28.8
I
2.258
*
•Example 2: To perform the following calculation:
12°34’56” 3.45
12 I34 I56 I-3.45 =
43°24°31.2

– 15 –
kFIX, SCI, RND
•To change the settings for the number of decimal places,
the number of significant digits, or the exponential dis-
play format, press the Fkey a number of times until
you reach the setup screen shown below.
•Press the number key (
1, 2, or 3) that corresponds
to the setup item you want to change.
1 (Fix): Number of decimal places
2 (Sci): Number of significant digits
3 (Norm): Exponential display format
1 2 3
Fix Sci N or m
400.00
•Example 1: 200  7  14 
200 \7 -14 =
F..... 1(Fix) 3400.00000
FIX
(Specifies three
decimal places.)
The following performs the same calculation using the
specified number of decimal places.
• Press F
..... 3(Norm) 1to clear the Fix specifica-
tion.
•Example 2: 1 3, displaying result with two significant
digits (Sci 2)
F..... 2(Sci) 21 \3 =3.3–01
SCI
28.57100
28.57100
399.99400
200 \7 =
(Internal rounding) AQ
-14 =
200 \7 =
-14 =
28.57100
400.00000
(Internal calculation continues
using 12 digits.)
• Press F
..... 3(Norm) 1to clear the Sci specifica-
tion.

– 16 –
COMP
Memory Calculations
Use the Fkey to enter the COMP Mode when you
want to perform a calculation using memory.
COMP ............................................................. F1
kAnswer Memory
•Whenever you press =after inputting values or an
expression, the calculated result automatically updates
Answer Memory contents by storing the result.
•In addition to =, Answer Memory contents are also up-
dated with result whenever you press Av, |,
A{, or Ajfollowed by a letter (A through F, or M,
X, or Y).
•You can recall Answer Memory contents by pressing g.
•Answer Memory can store up to 12 digits for the mantissa
and two digits for the exponent.
•Answer Memory contents are not updated if the opera-
tion performed by any of the above key operations
results in an error.
kConsecutive Calculations
•You can use the calculation result that is currently on the
display (and also stored in Answer Memory) as the first
value of your next calculation. Note that pressing an
operator key while a result is displayed causes the
displayed value to change to Ans, indicating it is the value
that is currently stored in Answer Memory.
•The result of a calculation can also be used with a sub-
sequent Type A function (x2, x3,x
–1, x!, DRG'), +, –,
^(xy), x, , , nPrand nCr.
kIndependent Memory
•Values can be input directly into memory, added to
memory, or subtracted from memory. Independent
memory is convenient for calculating cumulative totals.
•Independent memory uses the same memory area as
variable M.
•To clear independent memory (M), input 0Aj3
(M+).

– 17 –
COMP
•Example:
23 9 
32 23 +9 Aj3(M+)
53 6 
47 53 ,6 |
) 45 2  90 45 -2 A{
(Total) –11 03(M+)
kVariables
•There are nine variables (A through F, M, X and Y), which
can be used to store data, constants, results, and other
values.
•Use the following operation to delete data assigned to a
particular variable: 0Aj1. This operation de-
letes the data assigned to variable A.
•Perform the following key operation when you want to
clear the values assigned to all of the variables.
AB1(Mcl) =
•Example: 193.2 23  8.4
193.2 28  6.9
193.2 Aj1\23 =
p1\28 =
Scientific Function
Calculations
Use the Fkey to enter the COMP Mode when you
want to perform scientific function calculations.
COMP ............................................................. F1
•Certain types of calculations may take a long time to
complete.
•Wait for the result to appear on the display before start-
ing the next calculation.
•
π = 3.14159265359

– 18 –
kTrigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
•To change the default angle unit (degrees, radians,
grads), press the Fkey a number of times until you
reach the angle unit setup screen shown below.
•Press the number key ( 1, 2, or 3) that corresponds
to the angle unit you want to use.
(90°=
radians = 100 grads)
•Example 1: sin 63 °5241 
0.897859012
q..... 1(Deg)
S63 I52 I41 I=
1 2 3
Deg Rad G ra
π
2
•Example 2: cos
( rad )  0.5
q..... 2(Rad)
WRAx\3 T=
π
3
•Example 3: cos1
q..... 2(Rad)
AVRL2 \2 T=g\Ax=
0.25 π (rad) ( (rad) )
π
4
2
2
•Example 4: tan10.741 
36.53844577 °
q..... 1(Deg)
Ag0.741 =
kHyperbolic/Inverse Hyperbolic
Functions
•Example 1: sinh 3.6  18.28545536
MS3.6 =
•Example 2: sinh130  4.094622224
MAj30 =

– 19 –
kCommon and Natural Logarithms/
Antilogarithms
•Example 1: log 1.23  0.089905111 R1.23 =
•Example 2: In 90 (= loge90) = 4.49980967
T90 =
ln e 1 TpP=
•Example 3: e10  22026.46579 AU10 =
•Example 4: 101.5  31.6227766 AQ1.5 =
•Example 5: 23  0.125 2 WD3 =
•Example 6: (2)4  16 RD2 TW4 =
•Negative values inside of calculations must be enclosed
within parentheses. For details, see “Order of Operations.”
kSquare Roots, Cube Roots, Roots,
Squares, Cubes, Reciprocals,
Factorials, Random Numbers,
π , and
Permutation/Combination
•Example 1: 2 3 5  5.287196909
L2 +L3 -L5 =
•Example 2:
35  327 
–1.290024053
AD5 +ADRD27 T=
•Example 4: 123  302  1023 123 +30 K=
•Example 5: 123  1728 12 N=
•Example 7: 8!  40320 8 Af=
1
7
•Example 3:
7123 ( = 123 ) 
1.988647795
7 AH123 =
1 1
3 4
1
•Example 6: 
12
R3a,4aTa=