Casio FX-180PA User manual

Scientific
calculator
Technisch/wissenschaftlicher Rechner
Calculatrice scientifique
Calculadora
cientifica
Calcolatore scientifico
Vetenskapskalkylator
Calculator voor
wetenschappeljk
gebruik
fx
180Pa
ENGLISH
1
DEUTSCH
44
FRANCAIS
89
ESPANOL
132
I
TALIANO
175
SVENSKA 218
NEDERLANDS
261
FTZ

KEY INDEX
GENERAL KEYS
ON
P.
3,
13
QO -❑9 , Q P. 4, 14
m
P. 4, 13, 35,
41 Q
P. 4, 12, 13,
36
+F
P.
4, 12
MEMORY
KEYS
MB
P.
4,
13,
15
P.
5,
15
ao~t
P. 5, 16
I
K,n
P. 5, 16
M+ P.
5, 15
P. 5, 15
SPECIAL KEYS
P.
3 ~
P. 4,
14, 19, 22,
P. 5,
11, 14
~
P.
5,
12,
24,
32
26,
28, 32, 39
QQ P.
5, 22 =
P. 5, 22
~
P.
5,
22
P.
5,
14 f■.'kI
P.
5, 16
mo
P.
6,
24
BASE -N KEYS
@J
P.
6,
19
BINJ
P.
6,
19
P.
6, 19
I P. 6, 19
❑A —❑Q
P.
6, 19
nNo
P.
6,
21
on
P.
6,
21 P.
6,
21
=
P.
6,
21
~
P. 6,
21
P.
6, 20
FUNCTION
KEYS
P. 6,
22
P.
6, 22
P. 6, 22 ® P. 6, 23
~
P.
6,
22
P.
6, 23
bsJ
P. 6, 23
®1
P. 6, 23
In P. 7, 23 ®
P. 7,
23
P. 7,
23
Qx
' P. 7, 23
eNc
P.
7,
24 ® P.7 ® P. 7,
17 ®
P. 7, 17
Q P. 7, 23
'/ © P. 7, 24
x!
P. 7,
24 Q
P.
8, 23
x~ P.
8, 23
P. 8, 25
P.
8, 25 P.
8, 18
~
P.
8,
24
P.
8, 25
P.
8, 26
.1.

STATISTICAL KEYS
~
P.
8, 26 =
P.
8, 26
~
P. 8,
27 ®
P
8,
28
~
P. 8, 26
1
P.
8
[ix'
P. 8, 26
P.
8
Ixo~j
P. 8, 26
va
P.8
Iz
P.
8, 26 Fr
P.8
P.
9, 26
P. 9
Qn
P. 9, 26
azy
P,9
® P.
9, 28
© P. 9, 29
© P.
9, 29
QQ P.
9,
29
❑Z P. 9, 29
PROGRAMMING KEYS
Pi
P
9, 33
rz
1 J
P.
9,
34
=
P. 9, 32
®
P.
9,
34
tu
P.
9, 33
~
P.
9, 36
x>o
P.
9 P.
9,
37
PClJ
P.
9, 36
INDICATOR
INDEX
-E-
or
-C -
P. 10, 13, 35,
41
❑Q P.
4,
10
K
P. 10,
14
®
P.
3,
10
M
P.
10, 15
LRN P. 4, 10, 32, 39
BASE -N P. 4,
10,
19
fdx
P.
4,
10, 39
LR
P. 4,
10. 28
SD P.
4, 10, 26
E
P. 4,
10,
22
0
P.
4, 10, 22
p P 4, 10, 22
FIX P.
4,
10,
24
SCI
P. 4,
10,
24
P1
P. 10, 33
P2
P.
10, 33
[~jj P. 10, 33
45j12Z23.
P. 10,
17
12 °
3 °
45.6
P. 10,22
•2•

Dear
customer.
Thank
you
very
much for purchasing our
electronic
calculator.
To fully
utilize its features no
special training
is required, but
we
suggest you
study this
operation manual
to become
familiar
with
its
many
abilities. To
help
ensure its
longevity,
do not touch the
inside
of
the
calculator,
avoid hard knocks
and
undulystrong
key press-
ing.
Extreme
cold (below 32°F or
0°C), heat (above 104°F or
40°C(
and humidity
may
also affect the functions
of
the
calculator. Never
use volatile
fluid
such as lacquer thinner,
benzine. etc.
when cleaning
the
unit. For
servicing contact your retailer or
nearby
dealer.
Before starting calculation, be sure to
press the
on
key and to confirm that "0."
is
shown on the display.
'Special
care should be
taken
not to damage
the
unit by bending or dropping. For exam-
ple, do not carry it
in
your hip pocket.
INDEX
1 /GENERAL
GUIDE 3
2/ORDER OF OPERATIONS
AND LEVELS 11
3/CALCULATION RANGE AND SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION 12
4/CORRECTIONS
12
5/OVERFLOW OR
ERROR CHECK 13
6/POWER SOURCE 13
7/NORMAL CALCULATIONS
14
8/BINARY/OCTAL/DECIMAL/HEXADECIMAL CALCULATIONS 19
9/FUNCTION
CALCULATIONS 22
10/STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS 26
11/PROGRAMMED
CALCULATIONS 32
12/INTEGRALS
39
13/SPECIFICATIONS
41
1 /GENERAL GUIDE
1-1 The keys
In order
to keep
your
calculator
as compact as
possible,
each
key has
more
than
one use.
You
can
change
the
function of a
key by pressing certain
other keys
before
ii, or
by set-
ting
the calculator in
a
certain
mode.
The
following
pages will
give
you
a more detailed explanation of
the
use and functions
cf
each key.
o
ON
key
Before
starting calculation,
be sure to
press
o
and to
confirm that '
'0."
is shown on
the
display.
The
ox
key
also overrides the auto power -off function .
(seirrj
Shift key
Some of the
keys
have
brown lettering
above or below them.
To use a function
that is
brown lettering, press ®.
W
will appear on
the
Display.
Then
press the key that the
brown
lettering
identifies.
Qs
will disappear from
the Display.
.3.

Moor
Mode
key
To
put the calculator into
a desired operatingmode, or to select a specific
angular unit,
press
tMom
first, then Q, ~P,
Q,
p,... or
Q.
~ Q -
RUN
mode.
Carry
out manual calculation and program execution.
®
rxr
-
LRN
is displayed. Program
can
be written.
)IJ
- BASE -N
is displayed.
Carry out Binary/octal/decimal/hexadecimal
conversions,
calculations
and logical
operations.
®Q -
fdr
is displayed. Integral
can
be
carried
out.
®Q -
LR
is displayed. Calculate
regression
analysis.
MØ - SD is displayed. Calculate standard
deviation.
Q - l
is displayed. Use
degrees as
the
unit of angle measurement.
Qs - l
is displayed. Use radians as the unit of
angle
measurement.
© - Q
is displayed. Use grads as the unit
of
angle measurement.
QQ -
Press any number from 0 to 9 to indicate
how
many
decimal
places you
want
displayed (FIX is displayed).
)I J
-
Press any
number from 1 (1 digit) to 0 (10 digits)
to indicate
how many significant
digits you want displayed
(SCI
is displayed).
®Q -
Releases instructions entered
in
®QQ
and®®.
This
operation
also changes
the
range of the exponent display
(see
page 10).
=
(=
=
=
=
=
General keys
O0
—OO , O
Data
entry
keys
To
enter
numerical values into the
calculator,
press these keys
in their
logical sequence.
©, O,
©,
®,
Ø
Basic
calculation
keys
For
addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division
and to display answers, press these keys
in their
logical
sequence.
m
All clear
key
Press
m
to
clear everything
except the contents
of
the independent
memory
and
con-
stant memories.
0
Clear key
Press 0 to erase
wrong
entries
(including
exponential
notation) and to erase
functional
results
during
mixed calculations. The
process of calculation remains unerased.
J
Sign
change key
changes the displayed
number
from positive to negative
or from
negative to positive.
If you press Q
after
uo,
the
sign of
the exponent
will
change.
Memory
keys
MnJ
Independent
memory recall
key
Press
Mn
to recall
the contents of the
independent
memory.
(ttJ
does not
clear
the con.
tents of the memory.)
•4•

Independent
memory
in key
Press
®
to store
the
displayed value
into the
independent
memory. The
previous value
in the
memory will be
automatically erased.
M+,
EIW
OM
Memory plus and
memory minus
keys
Press
) J
to add the
displayed value to
the
value
in the independent memory.
Press ® Q
to
subtract the displayed
value from the value
in
the
independent memory.
M+ ( ® ~)
also
obtains an
answer of 4 basic calculations, x' and
x'S,
and
automatically
adds (subtracts) it to (from) the
contents
of
the
independent
memory.
The
answer
obtained
by this
addition or
subtraction will
be
the
new
value in the memory.
~
Constant
memory
recall key
Press
to
recall
the
contents
of
the
constant
memories 1
through 6. To
recall a value
stored
in constant
memory 5,
for example,
press: .
Constant memory
in key
Press ®
to store
the displayed
value into
constant memories 1
through 6. To store 12.3
into
constant
memory
3,
for
example,
press:
12.3®I3.
Special
Keys
Parentheses
keys
This
calculator calculates
in this
order: 1) functions,
2)
x' and x' ,
3)
multiplication
and
division
and
4)
addition and
subtraction. To change
this order enclose the parts that
must
be calculated
first with ®
and
l
(.
In
a single
expression,
a
maximum of 18 nesting
paren-
theses
at 6 levels
can be used.
P
Exponent key
To
enter a
number in scientific
notation,
press the
correct numbers for the mantissa,
aP
and
the correct numbers
for the
exponent.
Pi
key
Press
to display
the value of a (ratio
of
the circumference
of a
circle to its
diameter
-
3.141592654).
= ®
Sexagesimal notation/decimal notation
conversion
keys
To change from
sexagesimal (base
60)
notation (degree, minute, second) to decimal no-
tation (degree),
enter
the degree,
press , enter the minute, press
El,
enter the second
and
press . To change
from decimal notation to sexagesimal notation,
press
the cor-
rect
number keys for the degree and
then
press
Register
exchange
key
Press ®
to exchange the displayed
value (X -register) with the contents of
the work-
ing
register (Y -register). Press ®
again
to exchange
them again, so
that the value
that had
been
displayed
previously is displayed
again.
Ix..KI
Register
exchange
key
To
exchange the displayed value
(X -register)
with the content of a constant memory
(K -
register),
press ®
El
I.
Press the same keys again to
display the
originally
displayed
value.
•5•

øo
Rounding
off
internal value key
To round
off
the
internal
value (held
in
the
Y
-register) so as to be
equal to the
displayed
value.
Base -n
keys (Use
in
the
BASE -N
mode only)
occ
Decimal key
In the BASE -N mode, press
ac
to
enter decimal values, and to
convert
non
-decimal
values
to
decimal.
ruN
Binary
key
In the BASE
-N
mode
press
tJ
to
enter binary values, and to
convert non
-binary
values
to
binary.
ex
Hexadecimal key
In
the
BASE -N mode, press ® to
enter hexadecimal
values,
and to convert
non -
hexadecimal values to hexadecimal.
®
ar
E J
Octal
key
In
the
BASE -N
mode,
press
to
octal.
at
) j
to
enter octal values,
and to
convert non -octal
values
OA
—0 Enters
hexadecimal numbers A through
F.
uo
And key
® Or key
® Exclusive
Or key
Exclusive
Nor key
Not key
'These keys are used
for logical operations.
Negative key
=
Function keys
Use
=
tØ
l
Sine,
cosine, tangent
keys
® and
~
to
calculate the
trigonometric functions.
®
,
®
Arc sine, arc
cosine, arc tangent keys
To calculate
the inverse trigonometric
functions
of
the displayed value,
press
and
O
®,
®®
Common logarithm
and common antilogarithm keys
To
obtain
the
common logarithm of the displayed value, press ®. To
obtain the
common
antilogarithm
of
the displayed value
(to raise
10
to .r powers), press
®®.
•6•

In,
1WE J
Natural logarithm and
natural antilogarithm keys
To
obtain the natural
logarithm
of
the displayed value, press
Q. To obtain the
natural
antilogarithm of
the
displayed value (to raise e
(2.718281828) to .x powers), press ® ®.
Q,
®~
Square root and square keys
Press to
find
the square
root of the displayed value. To square the displayed value,
press
Engineering keys
Allows the displayed
number to be
shown with
exponents
of ten that are multiples
of
three
(e.g., 10 3 , 10 6 , 10 9 ).
Ex.)
1203456
~
®
®
®
12
E
3456
Ø
~
~
~
~
®
12.3456
12.3456 00
12345.6 —03
12345600. —06
12345600.
—06
12.3456
0.0123456 03
0.000012345 06
0.000000012
09
0.000000012
09
0.000012345
06
0.0123456 03
®,®®
Fraction keys
To
enter fractions in
fraction form, press the
correct number(s)
for
the integer (if any), ®,
the correct number(s)
for
the
numerator, ®
and the correct number(s) for
the denomina-
tor.
8y
pressing ® ® in
succession, the
displayed value
will
be
converted
to
the
improper
fraction.
Cube root
key
Press
®O
to find the
cube root
of
the displayed value.
v
Reciprocal
key
Press to
obtain
the
reciprocal of
the displayed value.
xr
Factorial key
To find
the
factorial of
the
displayed value, press
O.
.7.

xr
Power
key
Press
any
number
.r. OO,
any
number
v and
Ø
to
raise .r to the
v
power.
xy
Root
key
Press
any
number
x,
~
xb,
any
number v
and
Ø
to display
the • i
root
of .r.
Rectangular
to polar key
To convert
displayed
rectangular coordinates to
polar
coordinates, press
jn
E.
~
Polar to rectangular key
To convert displayed
polar
coordinates
to rectangular coordinates, press ®
®.
P4
Percent key
To
find a
percent
of
a displayed
number,
press the correct numbers
for
the
percent
and
~
~
Press
Random number key
uxc
to generate a
random
number between 0.000 and 0.999.
Permutation key
Press ® to perform
permutation calculations.
f
Combination key
Press ®© to perform
combination
calculations.
Statistical
keys
(Use in the
SD or LR mode only)
Ei
Statistical
register
clear
key
Before
beginning statistical
calculations, press
',
DEE
Data
entry
and
delete keys
In
the
SD
and
LR modes, enter data by
pressing
the correct numbers
and
after each
piece
of data. If you
enter
incorrect data and don't notice
your
mistake
until after
you
have
pressed ,
enter the same incorrect data and
then
press
®
to
delete the
data.
xncl
to
clear
the
statistical
egisters.
~
®
Regression analysis data
entry key
In the LR mode, press
®
after entering
the first
part
of your
data
pair.
O
r
keys
Press
® and
p
(or
~ =
Arithmetic
mean
and sum
of
square value
®)
in
the SD
or LR mode to
get the arithmetic
mean (.c
or i ) of
your
data.
Press ®
(or
®
( in
the
SD
or
LR mode to display
the sum
of
the square
value ( x 2
or =y
2 ) of
your
data.
xaa,
Ql 1
and
of
value
keys
Press ® l or
or
van).
Press ~
=
Iz,
=
~Y Population standard
deviation and
sum
ra
)
in
the
LR mode to display
the
population standard
deviation)
rUn
I l
(or
)om)
in
the
LR mode to display
the sum
of
the
value
(£r or `_ i').
.8.
~

xaM ®
yom
and
ISO,
Sample
standard
deviation,
number of
data
and sum of value
product keys
In the
LR mode, press ®
xw
(
1
®)
to display
the sample standard
deviation
(x
Un- i
or
yO,-1)
of
your data.
Press
to
display
the
number of data. In
the
LR
mode, press
to display the
sum of value
product (Exy)
of your data.
D
Constant
term
key
Press
®1iJ
to display the constant
term (A) in
the
LR mode.
©
Regression
coefficient key
In
the
LR
mode, press to obtain the regression coefficient (B).
©
Correlation coefficient key
To get the
correlation
coefficient
(r),
press ®©
in
the
LR
mode.
Q9 , ® Q
Estimator keys
In
the
LR mode, press ® to
get
the
estimator
of regression
(G).
Press
mode to
get the
estimator of regression
(fl.
Q in
the LR
Programming
keys
(Use in the LRN
mode)
vt ,
) 1
Program number key
Before
writing a program in the LRN mode, and before carrying out
a
program in
the RUN
mode,
press
) J
to
select program 1 or
a2
to select program 2.
= ®
ENT, HLT and RUN
key
To
program your calculator to stop during
a
program
so that you can
enter
variables,
press
cxr
in the LRN
mode before
each
variable. To
enter
variables into a running program (in
the
RUN
mode), press the correct numbers and then press .
To gel a
program going
again after it has
halted
in
the
RUN
mode, press . To instruct a program to
halt before
it's finished,
press
95flJ
in
the LRN mode where you want it
to stop.
pTM
Unconditional jump
(return) key
Press ®
ø(
in
the
LRN
mode to program
your calculator
to automatically return
to the
first step
of
the program.
® ® Conditional jump
keys
Use these keys in
the
LRN mode during programming.
To program your calculator
to
au-
tomatically return to
the
first step of
the program when the content of
the display (X -register)
is greater than
0 and to go
on
to the next step if the
display is not
greater
than 0,
press
~
To
program your calculator
to automatically return
to the first step of the program
when
the content
of
the display (X -register)
is
equal to or smaller than
the
independent memory
and to go
on
to the next
step
if
the display is
larger than
the content
of the independent
memory,
press
l~
®
Program clear key
Press ®®
to
erase
program(s).
•9•