Conner CFS635A User manual

CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Intelligent Disk Drive
Product Manual
Production Release Per ECO 6520
P/N 20401006-001
Revision A
July 1995
3081 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95134-2128
[phone]

FCC Notice This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used properly; that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has
been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing
device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are
designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a
residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference
to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment on and off, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by
one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient the receiving antenna.
• Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.
• Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver
are on different branch circuits.
If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet
prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:
How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems
This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Warning: Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not
been expressly approved by Conner Peripherals, Inc. may cause radio and
television interference problems that could void the user's authority to operate
the equipment.
Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus
in accordance with Canadian Radio Interference Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme au Règlement sur le
brouillage radioélectrique, C.R.C., ch. 1374.
Conner and the Conner logo are registered trademarks of Conner Peripherals,
Inc. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are property of their
respective owners.
Copyright 1994, 1995, Conner Peripherals, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Document No. 501-083 07/95

Important Information About this Manual
All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered
proprietary by Conner Peripherals, Inc. By accepting this material, the recipient
agrees that this material and the information contained therein are held in
confidence and in trust and will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, nor
its contents revealed to others, except to meet the purpose for which it was
delivered. It is understood that no right is conveyed to reproduce or translate
any item herein disclosed without express written permission from Conner
Peripherals, Inc.
Conner Peripherals, Inc. provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any
kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Conner
Peripherals, Inc. reserves the right to change, without notification, the
specifications contained in this manual.
Conner Peripherals, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the accuracy,
completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that
might arise from the use of the information in this manual.

Technical Reference Manual Page i
Table of Contents
1. Overview of the Drive 1
What is the Drive? 1
Features of the Drive 1
What the Drive is Composed Of 3
Mechanical Design Features 3
Drive Assembly Housing 3
Head Positioning Mechanism 3
Read/Write Heads and Disks 3
Electrical Design Features 5
Data and Power Connections 5
Preamplifier 5
Circuit Board 5
Firmware 5
2. Specifications 7
Specifications In This Chapter 7
Drive Capacity 8
Physical Configuration 8
Performance Characteristics 9
Read/Write Characteristics 10
Reliability 10
Power Requirements 11
Environmental Tolerances 11
Safety Standards 12
Physical Characteristics 13
3. How the Drive Operates 15
Functions of the Drive 15
Drive Operational Modes 15
Error Correction 15
Universal Translate Mode 16
Master/Slave Configuration 16
Cable Select 17
4. Installing the Drive 19
Take These Precautions 19
Installing the Drive 19
Attaching a Data Cable to the Drive 21
Attaching Power to the Drive 23
Mounting the Drive 24
5. Host Interface 25
About the Host Interface 25
Signal Conventions 25
Signal Levels 25
Signal Descriptions 26
ATA/CAM Master/Slave Reset Timing 28

Table of Contents Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Page ii Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Host PI0 16-Bit Timing Values 30
Host Demand Mode DMA 16-bit Interface Timing Values 31
6. Register Addresses and Functions 33
Host Address Decoding 33
Addressing the Data 35
Cylinder-head-sector (CHS) mode 35
Logical Block Addressing (LBA) Mode 35
Descriptions of the Registers 36
Data Register 36
Error Register 37
Features Register (formerly Write Precomp Register) 38
Sector Count 38
Sector Number 38
Cylinder Low 39
Cylinder High 39
Device/Head Register 40
Status Register 41
Alternate Status Register 42
Device Control Register 43
Drive Address Register 44
Command Register 44
7. Command Set 47
Command Register 47
Conner Specific 48
Get Drive Feature word (00) 49
Read the Drive Switches (02) 50
Power Lock (08) 50
Power Unlock (09) 50
Execute Drive Diagnostic 51
Execute SMART Function 51
Device Attributes Data Structure 53
Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure 57
Error Reporting 59
Format Track 60
Marked Bad Sector 60
Assign 60
Identify Device 62
Initialize Device Parameters 65
Power Commands 66
Read DMA 67
Read Multiple 68
Read Sector(s) 69
Read Sector Buffer 70
Read Verify Sectors 71
Recalibrate 71
Seek 72
Set Features (Set Look Ahead Read) 72
Set Multiple Mode 73
Write DMA 74
Write Caching 74
Write Multiple 75

Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A Table of Contents
Technical Reference Manual Page iii
Write Caching 75
Write Sector(s) 77
Write Caching 78
Write Sector Buffer 79
8. Error Reporting 81
Error and Status Detection 81
Error and Status Messages 81

Table of Contents Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Page iv Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A

Technical Reference Manual Page 1
Overview of the Drive
1
What is the Drive?
The Conner Filepro Series CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A are enhanced IDE,
low-profile hard disk drives that are designed to operate with an IBM PC/AT or
equivalent host computer system in translate mode. The drives support
advanced ATA PIO mode 4 and DMA Mode 2 data transfer protocols for superior
I/O performance. Logical Block Addressing (LBA) is supported for compatibility
with advanced system (BIOS) which support greater than 528 MB capacity IDE
drives, as well as Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS) addressing for backward
compatibility.
Drive Model: Form Factor:
Capacity (formatted):
No. of disks/heads:
CFS635A
CFS850A
CFS1275A
inch high, 3.5 inch
inch high, 3.5 inch
inch high, 3.5 inch
635MB
850MB
1275MB
2 disk/ 3 heads
2 disk/4 heads
3 disk/6 heads
For simplicity , we often refer to these drives collectively in this manual as “ the drive”.
Features of the Drive
The drive provides these features:
• can be installed in a wide range of host systems
• Task File emulation and ATA compatibility allows installation in a wide
range of host systems.
• high-performance rotary voice coil actuator with embedded servoing
eliminate the need for T-cal.
• one-of-seven run-length limited code.
• high shock resistance.
• Sealed head/disk assembly.
• automatic actuator latch against inner stop upon power-down.
• microprocessor-controlled diagnostic routines that are automatically
executed at start-up.
• 64KB segmentable cache buffer.
• Read Look Ahead and selectable Write Caching.
• automatic error correction and retries, ECC on the fly.

Chapter 1 Overview of the Drives
Page 2 Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
• 512-byte block size.
• Supports both CHS and LBA addressing.
• Allows daisy-chaining up to two drives on the AT interface.
• Auto-Translate (Universal Translate).
• 4-byte ECC diagnostic check in read/write.
• Supports ATA (AT attachment) interface standard.

Overview of the Drives Chapter 1
Technical Reference Manual Page 3
What the Drive is Composed Of
The drive is composed of mechanical, electrical, and firmware elements.
Mechanical Design Features
The drive’s hardware includes the components described in the following
sections. Figure 1-1 shows some of these components.
Drive Assembly Housing
The drive assembly housing, or Head-Disk Assembly (HDA) consists of a die cast
aluminum base on which is mounted a die cast aluminum cover. A gasket seals
the joint between the base and cover to retard the entry of moisture and
environmental contaminants from the assembly.
This assembly, the Head-Disk Assembly, contains an integral 0.3 micron filter,
which maintains a clean environment. Critical drive components are contained
within this contaminant-free environment.
Drive Motor and Spindle
A brushless DC direct-drive motor assembly is mounted on the drive’s base. The
motor rotates the drive’s spindle at 3600 RPM. The motor/spindle assembly is
dynamically balanced to provide minimal mechanical runout to the disks. A
dynamic brake is used to provide a fast stop to the spindle motor and return the
heads to the landing zone when power is removed.
Head Positioning Mechanism
The read/write heads are supported by a mechanism coupled to a rotary voice
coil actuator.
Read/Write Heads and Disks
Data is recorded on a 95mm diameter disks through thin film or MIG heads.
The CFS635A contains two disks with three data surfaces and three read/write
heads. The CFS850A contains two disks with four data surfaces and four
read/write heads. The CFS1275A contains three disks with six data surfaces
and six read/write heads.
At power-down, the heads are automatically retracted to the inner diameter of
the disk and are latched and parked on a landing zone that is separate from the
data tracks.

Chapter 1 Overview of the Drives
Page 4 Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Figure 1-1
Hard Drive Components (CFS850A)
Printed
Circuit
Board
Assembly



Disk Clamp
Disk (1 of 2)
Disk
Spacer
Spindle Motor
Rotary Actuator /
Head-Stack
Assembly
Actuator
Magnet
Assembly
Base Assembly
Gasket
Top Cover
Preamplifier/
Flex Circuit
Assembly
850A_1_2
Filter
Printed Circuit
Board Assembly
Shield

Overview of the Drives Chapter 1
Technical Reference Manual Page 5
Electrical Design Features
Data and Power Connections
The drive has a single 40-pin data connector, as well as an auxiliary connector
which is reserved for factory or engineering evaluation use.
Electrical power is supplied to the drive using an industry standard 4-pin power
connector.
The drive also has a jumper block which can be set to specify drive operational
parameters. For more information on the drive’s connectors and on setting
jumpers, refer to chapters 3 and 4.
Preamplifier
A single integrated circuit (IC) is mounted within the head disk assembly, in
close proximity to the read/write heads. The IC provides head selection, read
pre-amplification, and write drive circuitry.
Circuit Board
The drive’s microprocessor-controlled circuit board provides the remaining
electronic functions, which include:
• read/write circuitry
• rotary actuator control
• interface control
• spin speed control
• auto-park
• power management
Firmware
The drive’s firmware includes a command set which the host uses to control the
drive. The command set allows the host to request the following types of actions:
• report drive status
• seek a specific point on the disk
• read and write data
For more information on the drive’s command set, refer to chapters 6 and 7.

Chapter 1 Overview of the Drives
Page 6 Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A

Technical Reference Manual Page 7
Specifications
2
Specifications In This Chapter
This chapter defines the following specifications for the drive:
• drive capacity
• physical configuration
• performance characteristics
• read/write characteristics
• reliability
• power requirements
• environmental tolerances
• safety standards
• physical characteristics

Chapter 2 Specifications
Page 8 Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Drive Capacity
Formatted Capacity:
• CFS635A: 635MB
• CFS850A: 850MB
• CFS1275A: 1275MB
* 1MB = 1 x 106bytes
Physical Configuration
Specification CFS635A CFS850A CFS1275A
Disk Type Sputtered Thin
Film Sputtered Thin Film Sputtered Thin Film
Head Type MIG/Thin Film MIG/Thin Film MIG/Thin Film
Actuator Type Rotary Voice
Coil Rotary Voice Coil Rotary Voice Coil
Number of Disks 223
Data Surfaces 346
Data Heads 346
Servo Embedded Embedded Embedded
Tracks per Surface 3640 3640 3640
Buffer Size 64KB 64KB 64KB
Track Density 3849 tpi 3849 tpi 3849 tpi
Formatted Track
Capacity 39,424 -73,216
bytes 39,424 -73,216 bytes 39,424 -73,216 bytes
Bytes per Block 512 512 512
Blocks per Drive 1,248,438 1,664,584 2,496,876
Sectors per Track
(User) 77-143 77-143 77-143
Translate Universal Universal Universal
* Refer to chapter 3 for a definition of Universal Translate Mode

Specifications Chapter 2
Technical Reference Manual Page 9
Performance Characteristics
Seek Times (typical)* :
• Track to track: 3 ms
• Average: 14 ms **
• Maximum: 26 ms
•The timing is measured through the interface with the drive operating at nominal DC input
voltage and nominal operating temperature. The timing also assumes that:
•BIOS and PC system hardware dependency have been subtracted from timing measurements
•the drive is operated using its native drive parameters
•the controller overhead is the time it takes to assert +HOST IRQ after the host writes the
command register with a READ instruction, for the case where the data already resides in the
buffer
** The average seek time is determined by averaging the seek time for a minimum of 1000 seeks
of random length over the surface of the disk.
Average Latency:
• 8.33 ms
Rotation Speed:
• 3600 RPM (+ 0.1%)
Controller Overhead:
• <1.0ms
Start Time at Power-Up: *
• 0 RPM to 3600 RPM
- Typical: 8.5 seconds
- Maximum: 20 seconds
• 0 RPM to Ready
- Typical: 15 seconds
- Maximum: 20 seconds
* These numbers assume spin recovery is not invoked. If spin recovery is invoked, the
maximum could be 40 seconds. Briefly removing power can lead to spin recovery being
invoked.
Stop Time at Power-Down:
• Typical: 8.5 seconds
• Maximum: 20 seconds
Interleave:
• 1:1

Chapter 2 Specifications
Page 10 Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Read/Write Characteristics
Interface:
• Task File
Recording Method:
• 1 of 7 RLL code
Recording Density (ID):
• 77,477 bits per inch
Flux Density (ID):
• 58,107 flux reversals per inch
Data Transfer Rate:
• To/From Media: 3.04 - 5.68 MB/second
• To/From Host: up to 16.6 MB/second
Reliability
Data Reliability:
• < 1 non-recoverable error in 1014 bits read
Component Design Life:
• 5 years
Start/Stop Cycles:
• 40,000 minimum
Mean Time Between Failures:
• 300,000 power-on hours
Preventive Maintenance:
• none

Specifications Chapter 2
Technical Reference Manual Page 11
Power Requirements
Mode: * +5 Volts
(typical): +12 Volts (typical): Watts (typical): (maximum):
Read/Write 400mA 150mA 3.8W 4.0W
Seek (100%) 200mA 240mA 3.9W 5.5W
Seek (30%) 240mA 150mA 3.0W 3.5W
Idle 210mA 125mA 2.5W 3.5W
Standby 190mA 0mA 1.0W 1.0W
Sleep 175mA 0mA 0.9W <1.0W
Spin-Up 300mA 1100mA N/A N/A
* Refer to chapter 3 for the definitions of the modes. Spin-Up Mode current draw is for 7 seconds,
maximum. Maximum power is when the supply voltage is at the worst case condition.
Minimum/Maximum Voltage:
• +5V: +5%
• +12V: +5%
Maximum Peak-to-Peak Noise Allowed
(DC to 1 MHz, with equivalent resistive load):
• +5V: 2%
• +12V: 1%
Environmental Tolerances
Temperature:
• Operating: 5° to 55° C
• Non-operating: -40° to 60° C
• Thermal Gradient: 20o C per hour maximum
Relative Humidity (non-condensing):
• Operating: 8 to 80%
• Non-operating: 8 to 80%
• Wet Bulb: 28.9o C maximum
Altitude (relative to sea level):
• Operating: -200 to 10,000 feet
• Non-operating:-200 to 40,000 feet (maximum)
• Altitude Gradient: 1,000 feet/minute
Shock (half-sine pulse, 11 ms duration):
• Operating: 5G without non-recoverable errors
• Non-operating: 75G without non-recoverable errors

Chapter 2 Specifications
Page 12 Filepro CFS635A/CFS850A/CFS1275A
Vibration (swept-sine, one octave per minute):
• Operating
−5 - 10 Hz: 0.10 inch displacement double amplitude
−10 - 400 Hz: 0.5G peak without non-recoverable errors
• Non-operating (swept-sine, 1/2 octave per minute):
−5 - 32 Hz: 0.10 inch displacement; double amplitude
−32 - 400 Hz: 5G peak without non-recoverable errors
Magnetic Field:
• The disk drive will meet its specified performance while operating in the
presence of an externally-produced magnetic field under the following
conditions:
Field Frequency Intensity
DC 6 gauss
to 700 Khz 7 milligauss
700 Khz to 1.5 Mhz 3 milligauss
Acoustic Noise:
• The sound pressure level will not exceed 38 dBA in Idle Mode at a distance
of 1 meter from the drive. The sound power level measured based on ISO
7779 will not exceed 4.3 Bel in Idle Mode.
Safety Standards
The drive is designed to comply with relevant product safety standards,
including:
• UL 478, 5th edition, Standard for Safety of Information Processing and
Business Equipment
• UL 1950, Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment
• CSA 22.2 #220, Information Processing and Business Equipment
• CSA 22.2 #950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment
• IEC 380, Safety of Electrically Energized Office Machines
• IEC 950, Safety of information Technology Equipment Including Electrical
Business Equipment
• VDE 0805, VDE 0805 TIEL 100, and VDE 0806
• Complies with FCC Class B, Part 15, Subpart J