Danfoss FC 300 Guide

FC 300 Design Guide
Contents
!How to Read this Design Guide .................................................. 5
"How to Read this Design Guide .................................................................. 5
"Approvals ............................................................................................... 5
"Symbols ................................................................................................. 6
"Abbreviations .......................................................................................... 6
"Definitions ............................................................................................. 7
"Power Factor ......................................................................................... 11
!Introduction to FC 300 ................................................................. 13
"Disposal Instructions .............................................................................. 13
"Software Version ................................................................................... 13
"CE Conformity and Labeling .................................................................... 14
"What Is Covered .................................................................................... 14
"Danfoss VLT Adjustable Frequency Drive and CE Labeling ............................ 15
"Compliance with EMC Directive 89/336/EEC ............................................... 15
"Air Humidity .......................................................................................... 15
"Aggressive Environments ........................................................................ 16
"Vibration and Shock ............................................................................... 16
"Control Principle .................................................................................... 16
"FC 300 Controls ..................................................................................... 17
"FC 301 vs. FC 302 Control Principle .......................................................... 18
"Control Structure in VVCplus ..................................................................... 19
"Control Structure in Flux Sensorless (FC 302 only) ..................................... 20
"Control Structure in Flux with Motor Feedback ........................................... 21
"Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode ..................................................... 22
"Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control ......................................... 22
"Reference Handling ................................................................................ 25
"Scaling of References and Feedback ......................................................... 26
"Dead Band Around Zero .......................................................................... 27
"Speed PID Control ................................................................................ 31
"The following parameters are relevant for the Speed Control ........................ 31
"Process PID Control ............................................................................... 34
"Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method ................................................................. 39
"General Aspects of EMC Emissions ............................................................ 40
"EMC Test Results (Emission, Immunity) .................................................... 42
"Required Compliance Levels .................................................................... 43
"EMC Immunity ...................................................................................... 43
"Galvanic Isolation (PELV) ........................................................................ 45
"Ground Leakage Current ......................................................................... 45
"Selection of Brake Resistor ...................................................................... 47
"Control with Brake Function ..................................................................... 49
"Control of Mechanical Brake .................................................................... 50
"Smart Logic Control ............................................................................... 51
"Extreme Running Conditions .................................................................... 52
"Motor Thermal Protection ........................................................................ 53
"Safe Stop of FC 300 ............................................................................... 54
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FC 300 Design Guide
!FC 300 Selection ............................................................................. 55
"Electrical Data ....................................................................................... 55
"General Specifications ............................................................................ 60
"Efficiency .............................................................................................. 66
"Acoustic Noise ....................................................................................... 67
"Peak Voltage on Motor ............................................................................ 67
"Derating for Ambient Temperature - data valid for ≤10 HP [7.5 kW] ............. 68
"Derating for Low Air Pressure .................................................................. 68
"Derating for Running at Low Speed .......................................................... 68
"Derating for Installing Long Motor Cables or Cables with Larger Cross-Section 69
"Temperature-Dependent Switch Frequency ................................................ 69
"Mechanical Dimension ............................................................................ 70
"Options and Accessories ......................................................................... 72
"Mounting Option Modules in Slot B ........................................................... 72
"General Purpose Input Output Module MCB 101 ......................................... 73
"Encoder Option MCB 102 ........................................................................ 75
"Resolver Option MCB 103 ........................................................................ 77
"Relay Option MCB 105 ............................................................................ 79
"24 V Back-Up Option (Option D) .............................................................. 81
"Brake Resistors ..................................................................................... 81
"Remote mounting Kit for LCP ................................................................... 81
"IP 21/IP 4X/ TYPE 1 (NEMA 1) Enclosure Kit .............................................. 82
"IP 21/Type 1 Enclosure Kit ...................................................................... 82
"LC Filters .............................................................................................. 82
!How to Order .................................................................................... 83
"Drive Configurator ................................................................................. 83
"Ordering Form Type Code ........................................................................ 84
"Ordering Numbers ................................................................................. 87
!How to Install .................................................................................. 93
"Mechanical Installation ........................................................................... 93
"Accessory Bag ≤10 HP [7.5 kW] ............................................................. 93
"Safety Requirements of Mechanical Installation .......................................... 96
"Field Mounting ....................................................................................... 96
"Electrical Installation .............................................................................. 97
"Removal of Knockouts for Extra Cables ..................................................... 97
"Connection to Line Supply and Grounding ................................................. 97
"Motor Connection .................................................................................. 100
"Motor Cables ........................................................................................ 102
"Electrical Installation of Motor Cables ....................................................... 102
"Fuses .................................................................................................. 103
"Access to Control Terminals .................................................................... 105
"Control Terminals (FC 301) ..................................................................... 105
"Electrical Installation, Control Terminals ................................................... 106
"Basic Wiring Example ............................................................................ 107
"Electrical Installation, Control Cables ....................................................... 108
"Switches S201, S202, and S801 ............................................................. 109
"Final Set-Up and Test ............................................................................ 110
"Safe Stop Installation (FC 302 only) ........................................................ 112
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FC 300 Design Guide
"Safe Stop Commissioning Test ................................................................ 113
"Additional Connections .......................................................................... 114
"Load sharing ........................................................................................ 114
"Installation of Load Sharing .................................................................... 114
"Brake Connection Option ....................................................................... 114
"Relay Connection .................................................................................. 115
"Relay Output ........................................................................................ 116
"Parallel Connection of Motors .................................................................. 116
"Direction of Motor Rotation ..................................................................... 117
"Installation of Brake Cable ..................................................................... 117
"RS 485 Bus Connection .......................................................................... 118
"How to Connect a PC to the FC 300 ......................................................... 118
"The FC 300 Software Dialog ................................................................... 119
"High Voltage Test .................................................................................. 120
"Safety Ground Connection ...................................................................... 120
"Electrical Installation - EMC Precautions ................................................... 120
"Use of EMC-Correct Cables ..................................................................... 122
"Grounding of Shielded/Armored Control Cables ......................................... 123
"Mains Supply Interference/Harmonics ...................................................... 124
"Residual Current Device ......................................................................... 125
!Application Examples .................................................................. 127
"Start/Stop ........................................................................................... 127
"Pulse start/stop .................................................................................... 127
"Potentiometer Reference ........................................................................ 128
"Encoder Connection .............................................................................. 128
"Encoder Direction ................................................................................. 129
"Closed Loop Drive System ...................................................................... 130
"Programming of Torque Limit and Stop ................................................... 131
"Automatic Motor Adaptation (AMA) .......................................................... 132
"Smart Logic Control Programming ........................................................... 133
!How to Program ............................................................................. 135
"The Graphical and Numerical FC 300 Local ............................................... 135
"How to Program on the Graphical Local Control Panel ................................. 135
"Quick Transfer of Parameter Settings ....................................................... 139
"Display Mode ....................................................................................... 140
"Display Mode - Selection of Read-Outs ..................................................... 140
"Parameter Set-Up ................................................................................. 141
"Quick Menu Key Functions ...................................................................... 141
"Main Menu Mode ................................................................................... 142
"Parameter Selection .............................................................................. 143
"Changing Data ..................................................................................... 143
"Changing a Text Value ........................................................................... 143
"Changing a Group of Numeric Data Values ................................................ 144
"Infinitely Variable Change of Numeric Data Value ...................................... 144
"Changing of Data Value, Step-by-Step ..................................................... 145
"Read-out and Programming of Indexed Parameters ................................... 145
"How to Program on the Numerical Local Control Panel ................................ 146
"Local Control Keys ................................................................................ 147
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FC 300 Design Guide
"Initialization to Default Settings .............................................................. 149
"Parameter Selection - FC 300 ................................................................. 150
"Parameters: Operation and Display ......................................................... 151
"Parameters: Load and Motor .................................................................. 159
"Parameters: Brakes .............................................................................. 173
"Parameters: Reference/Ramps ............................................................... 177
"Parameters: Limits/Warnings ................................................................. 187
"Parameters: Digital In/Out ..................................................................... 192
"Parameters: Analog In/Out .................................................................... 202
"Parameters: Controllers ......................................................................... 208
"Parameters: Communications and Options ............................................... 211
"Parameters: Profibus ............................................................................ 216
"Parameters: DeviceNet CAN Fieldbus ....................................................... 221
"Parameters: Smart Logic Control ............................................................ 225
"Parameters: Special Functions ................................................................ 236
"Parameters: Drive Information ............................................................... 240
"Parameters: Data Read-outs .................................................................. 245
"Parameters: EncoderInput ..................................................................... 251
"Parameter lists ..................................................................................... 254
"Protocols ............................................................................................. 269
"Telegram Traffic .................................................................................... 269
"Telegram Structure ............................................................................... 269
"Data Character (byte) ........................................................................... 271
"Process Words ...................................................................................... 276
"Control Word According to FC Profile (CTW) .............................................. 277
"Status Word According to FC Profile (STW) ............................................... 280
"Control Word according to PROFIdrive Profile (CTW) .................................. 282
"Status Word According to PROFIdrive Profile (STW) ................................... 285
"Serial Communication Reference ............................................................. 287
"Present Output Frequency ...................................................................... 288
"Example 1: For Controlling the Drive and Reading Parameters .................... 288
"Example 2: Only for Controlling the Drive ................................................ 289
"Read Parameter Description Elements ...................................................... 289
"Additional Text ..................................................................................... 295
!Troubleshooting ............................................................................. 297
"Warnings/Alarm Messages ..................................................................... 297
!Index .................................................................................................. 305
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FC 300 Design Guide
How to Read this Design Guide
"How to Read this Design Guide
This Design Guide will introduce all aspects of your FC 300.
Available literature for FC 300
-The VLT®AutomationDrive FC 300 Instruction Manual MG.33.AX.YY provides the necessary
information for getting the drive up and running.
-The VLT®AutomationDrive FC 300 Design Guide MG.33.BX.YY entails all technical information
about the drive and customer design and applications.
-The VLT®AutomationDrive FC 300 Profibus Instruction Manual MG.33.CX.YY provides the information
required for controlling, monitoring, and programming the drive via a Profibus serial communication bus.
-The VLT®AutomationDrive FC 300 DeviceNet Instruction Manual MG.33.DX.YY provides the information
required for controlling, monitoring, and programming the drive via a DeviceNet serial communication bus.
X = Revision number
YY = Language code
Danfoss Drives technical literature is also available online at www.danfoss.com/BusinessAr-
eas/DrivesSolutions/Documentations/Technical+Documentation.
"Approvals
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FC 300 Design Guide
How to Read this Design Guide
"Symbols
SymbolsusedinthisDesignGuide.
NOTE
Indicates something to be noted
by the reader.
Indicates a general warning.
Indicates a high-voltage warning.
Indicates default setting
"Abbreviations
Alternating current AC
American wire gauge AWG
Ampere/AMP A
Automatic Motor Adaptation AMA
Current limit ILIM
Degrees Celsius °C
Direct current DC
Drive Dependent D-TYPE
Electro Magnetic Compellability EMC
Electronic Thermal Relay ETR
Adjustable Frequency Drive AFD
Gram g
Hertz Hz
Kilohertz kHz
Local Control Panel LCP
Meter m
Milli Henry Inductance mH
Milliampere mA
Millisecond, Second ms, s
Minute min
Motion Control Tool MCT
Motor Type Dependent M-TYPE
Nanofarad nF
Newton meter Nm
Nominal motor current IM,N
Nominal motor frequency fM,N
Nominal motor power PM,N
Nominal motor voltage UM,N
Parameter par.
Protective Extra Low Voltage PELV
Printed Circuit Board PCB
Rated Inverter Output Current IINV
Revolutions per minute RPM
Second s
Torque limit TLIM
Volt V
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FC 300 Design Guide
How to Read this Design Guide
"Definitions
Drive:
D-TYPE
Size and type of the connected drive (dependencies).
IVLT,MAX
The maximum output current.
IVLT,N
The rated output current supplied by the adjustable frequency drive.
UVLT, MAX
The maximum output voltage.
Input:
Control command
You can start and stop the connected motor by
means of LCP and the digital inputs.
Functions are divided into two groups.
Functions in group 1 have higher priority
than functions in group 2.
Group 1 Reset, Coasting stop, Reset and
Coasting stop, Quick-stop, DC
braking, Stop and the "Off" key.
Group 2 Start, Pulse start, Reverse, Start
reverse, Jog and Freeze output
Motor:
fJOG
The motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via digital terminals).
fM
The motor frequency.
fMAX
The maximum motor frequency.
fMIN
The minimum motor frequency.
fM,N
The rated motor frequency (nameplate data).
IM
The motor current.
IM,N
The rated motor current (nameplate data).
M-TYPE
Size and type of the connected motor (dependencies).
nM,N
The rated motor speed (nameplate data).
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FC 300 Design Guide
How to Read this Design Guide
PM,N
The rated motor power (nameplate data).
TM,N
The rated torque (motor).
UM
The instantaneous motor voltage.
UM,N
The rated motor voltage (nameplate data).
Break-away torque
ηVLT
The efficiency of the adjustable frequency drive is defined as the ratio between
the power output and the power input.
Start-disable command
A stop command belonging to the group 1 control commands - see this group.
Stop command
See Control commands.
References:
Analog Reference
A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54, can be voltage or current.
Binary Reference
A signal transmitted to the serial communication port.
Preset Reference
A defined preset reference to be set from -100% to +100% of the reference range. Selection
of eight preset references via the digital terminals.
Pulse Reference
A pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs (terminal 29 or 33).
RefMAX
Determines the relationship between the reference input at 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20mA)
and the resulting reference. The maximum reference value set in par. 3-03.
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FC 300 Design Guide
How to Read this Design Guide
RefMIN
Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0V, 0mA, 4mA) and
the resulting reference. The minimum reference value set in par. 3-02.
Miscellaneous:
Analog Inputs
The analog inputs are used for controlling various functions of the adjustable frequency drive.
There are two types of analog inputs:
Current input, 0-20 mA and 4-20 mA
Voltage input, 0-10 V DC (FC 301)
Voltage input, -10 - +10 V DC (FC 302).
Analog Outputs
The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0-20 mA, 4-20 mA, or a digital signal.
Automatic Motor Adaptation, AMA
AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters for the connected motor at standstill.
Brake Resistor
The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the braking energy generated in regenerative
braking. This regenerative braking energy increases the intermediate circuit voltage and a brake
chopper ensures that the energy is transmitted to the brake resistor.
CT Characteristics
Constant torque characteristics used for all applications such as conveyor belts,
displacement pumps, and cranes.
Digital Inputs
The digital inputs can be used for controlling various functions of the adjustable frequency drive.
Digital Outputs
The drive features two solid state outputs that can supply a 24 V DC (max. 40 mA) signal.
DSP
DigitalSignalProcessor.
Relay Outputs:
TheFC301drivefeaturesoneprogrammableR
elay Output.
TheFC302drivefeaturestwoprogrammableRelayOutputs.
ETR
Electronic Thermal Relay is a thermal load calculation based on present load and time.
Its purpose is to estimate the motor temperature.
Hiperface®
Hiperface®is a registered trademark of Stegmann.
Initializing
If initializing is carried out (par. 14-22), the adjustable frequency drive returns to the default setting.
Intermittent Duty Cycle
An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and
an off-load period. The operation can be either periodic duty or non-periodic duty.
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FC 300 Design Guide
How to Read this Design Guide
LCP
The Local Control Panel (LCP) makes up a complete interface for control and programming of the FC
300 Series. The control panel is detachable and can be installed up to 9.8 ft (3 meters) from the
adjustable frequency drive, i.e. in a front panel by means of the installation kit option.
lsb
Least significant bit.
MCM
Short for Mille Circular Mil, an American measuring unit for cable cross-section.
1MCM≡0.00079 in.2(0.5067 mm2).
msb
Most significant bit.
Online/Offline Parameters
Changes to online parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed. Changes
to offline parameters are not activated until you enter [OK] on the LCP.
Process PID
The PID regulator maintains the desired speed, pressure, temperature, etc. by adjusting
the output frequency to match the varying load.
Pulse Input/Incremental Encoder
An external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding back information on motor speed. The encoder
is used in applications where great accuracy in speed control is required.
RCD
Residual Current Device.
Set-up
You can save parameter settings in four set-ups. Change between the four parameter
set-ups and edit one set-up while another set-up is active.
SFAVM
Switching pattern called S tator F lux oriented A synchronous V ector M odulation (par. 14-00).
Slip Compensation
The adjustable frequency drive compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement
that follows the measured motor load keeping the motor speed almost constant..
Smart Logic Control (SLC)
The SLC is a sequence of user-defined actions executed when the associated user-defined
events are evaluated as true by the SLC.
Thermistor:
A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is to be monitored
(adjustable frequency drive or motor).
Trip
A state entered in fault situations, e.g. if the adjustable frequency drive is subject to an over-temperature or
when the adjustable frequency drive is protecting the motor, process, or mechanism. Restart is prevented
until the cause of the fault has disappeared and the trip state is cancelled by activating reset or, in some
cases, by being programmed to reset automatically. Trip may not be used for personal safety.
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FC 300 Design Guide
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Trip-Locked
A state entered in fault situations when the adjustable frequency drive is protecting itself and requiring
physical intervention, e.g. if the adjustable frequency drive is subject to a short circuit on the output. A
locked trip can only be cancelled by cutting off AC line, removing the cause of the fault, and reconnecting the
adjustable frequency drive. Restart is prevented until the trip state is cancelled by activating reset or, in
some cases, by being programmed to reset automatically. Trip may not be used for personal safety.
VT Characteristics
Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.
VVCplus
Compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control, Voltage Vector Control (VVCplus)improvesthe
dynamics and the stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in relation to the load torque.
60° AVM
Switching pattern called 60° A synchronous V ector M odulation (par. 14-00).
"Power Factor
The power factor is the relation between I1and IRMS.
The power factor for 3-phase control:
The power factor indicates to what extent
theadjustablefrequencydriveimposesa
load on the mains supply.
The lower the power factor, the higher the IRMS
for the same HP/kW performance.
In addition, a high power factor indicates that the different harmonic currents are low.
The FC 300 adjustable frequency drives’ built-in DC coils produce a high power factor,
which minimizes the imposed load on the mains supply.
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FC 300 Design Guide
How to Read this Design Guide
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FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
Equipment containing electrical components may notbedisposed
together with domestic waste.
It must be collected separately as electrical and electronic waste
according to local and currently valid legislation.
Caution
The FC 300 AutomationDrive DC link capacitors remain charged after power has been
disconnected. To avoid an electrical shock hazard, disconnect the FC 300 from the power
supply before carrying out maintenance. Wait at least as long as follows before servicing the
adjustable frequency drive:
FC 300: 0.34 – 10 HP
[0.25–7.5
kW]
4minutes
FC 300: 14.75 – 29.5
HP [11 – 22
kW]
15 minutes
BeawarethattheremaybehighvoltageontheDClinkevenwhentheLEDsareturnedoff.
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FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
FC 300
Design Guide
Software version: 3.5x
This Design Guide can be used for all FC 300 adjustable frequency drives (AFD) with software
version 3.5x.
Thesoftwareversionnumbercanbeseenfromparameter15-43.
"CE Conformity and Labeling
What is CE Conformity and Labeling?
The purpose of CE labeling is to avoid technical trade obstacles within EFTA and the EU. The EU
has introduced the CE label as a simple way of showing whether a product complies with the
relevant EU directives. The CE label says nothing about the specifications or quality of the product.
Adjustable frequency drives are regulated by three EU directives:
The machinery directive (98/37/EEC)
All machines with critical moving parts are covered by the machinery directive of January 1, 1995. Since an
adjustable frequency drive is largely electrical, it does not fall under the machinery directive. However, if
an adjustable frequency drive is supplied for use in a machine, we provide information on safety aspects
relating to the adjustable frequency drive. We do this by means of a manufacturer’s declaration.
The low-voltage directive (73/23/EEC)
Adjustable frequency drives must be CE-labeled in accordance with the low-voltage directive of
January 1, 1997. The directive applies to all electrical equipment and appliances used in the
50 - 1000 V AC and the 75 - 1500 V DC voltage ranges. Danfoss CE-labels in accordance with
the directive and issues a declaration of conformity upon request.
The EMC directive (89/336/EEC)
EMC is short for electromagnetic compatibility. The presence of electromagnetic compatibility means that the
mutual interference between different components/appliances does not affect the way the appliances work.
The EMC directive came into effect January 1, 1996. Danfoss CE-labels in accordance with the directive and
issues a declaration of conformity upon request. To carry out EMC-correct installation, see the instructions in
this Design Guide. In addition, we specify which standards our products comply with. We offer the filters
presented in the specifications and provide other types of assistance to ensure the optimum EMC result.
The adjustable frequency drive is most often used by professionals of the trade as a complex component
forming part of a larger appliance, system or installation. It must be noted that the responsibility for
the final EMC properties of the appliance, system, or installation lies with the installer.
"What Is Covered
The EU "Guidelines on the Application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC" outline three typical situations
of using an adjustable frequency drive. See following for EMC coverage and CE labeling.
1. The adjustable frequency drive is sold directly to the end consumer. The adjustable frequency drive is
for example sold to a DIY market. The end consumer is a layman. He installs the adjustable frequency
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FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
drive himself for use with a hobby machine, a kitchen appliance, etc. For such applications, the
adjustable frequency drive must be CE-labeled in accordance with the EMC directive.
2. The adjustable frequency drive is sold for installation in a plant. The plant is built up by professionals of the
trade. It could be a production plant or a heating/ventilation plant designed and installed by professionals
of the trade. Neither the adjustable frequency drive nor the finished plant must be CE-labeled under the
EMC directive. However, the unit must comply with the basic EMC requirements of the directive. This is
ensured by using components, appliances, and systems that are CE-labeled under the EMC directive.
3. The adjustable frequency drive is sold as part of a complete system. The system is being marketed
as complete and could be e.g. an air conditioning system. ThecompletesystemmustbeCE-labeled
in accordance with the EMC directive. The manufacturer can ensure CE labeling under the EMC
directive either by using CE-labeled components or by testing the EMC of the system. If it chooses
to use only CE-labeled components, it does not have to test the entire system.
"Danfoss VLT Adjustable Frequency
Drive and CE Labeling
CE labeling is a positive feature when used for its original purpose, i.e. to facilitate trade within the EU and EFTA.
However, CE labeling may cover many different specifications. Thus, you must check
what a given CE label specifically covers.
The covered specifications can be very different and a CE label may therefore give the installer a false sense
of security when using an adjustable frequency drive as a component in a system or an appliance.
Danfoss CE labels the adjustable frequency drives in accordance with the low-voltage directive.
This means that if the adjustable frequency drive is installed correctly, we guarantee compliance
with the low-voltage directive. Danfoss issues a declaration of conformity that confirms our
CE labeling in accordance with the low-voltage directive.
The CE label also applies to the EMC directive provided that the instructions for EMC-correct installation and
filtering are followed. On this basis, a declaration of conformity in accordance with the EMC directive is issued.
The Design Guide offers detailed instructions for installation to ensure EMC-correct installation.
Furthermore, Danfoss specifies which our different products comply with.
Danfossgladlyprovidesothertypesofass
istance that can help you obtain the best EMC result.
"Compliance with EMC Directive 89/336/EEC
As mentioned, the adjustable frequency drive is mostly used by professionals of the trade as a complex
component forming part of a larger appliance, system, or installation. It must be noted that the
responsibility for the final EMC properties of the appliance, system, or installation lies with the installer.
As an aid to the installer, Danfoss has prepared EMC installation guidelines for the Power Drive System.
The standards and test levels stated for Power Drive Systems are complied with, provided that the
EMC-correct instructions for installation are followed, see section Electrical Installation.
"Air Humidity
The adjustable frequency drive has been designed to meet the IEC/EN 60068-2-3 standard,
EN 50178 pkt. 9.4.2.2 at 122 °F (50°C).
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FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
"Aggressive Environments
An adjustable frequency drive contains a large number of mechanical and electronic components.
All are to some extent vulnerable to environmental effects.
The adjustable frequency drive should not be installed in environments with airborne
liquids,particles,orgasescapableofaffecting and damaging the electronic components.
Failure to take the necessary protective measures increases the risk of stoppages,
thus reducing the life of the adjustable frequency drive.
Liquids can be carried through the air and condense in the adjustable frequency drive and may
cause corrosion of components and metal parts. Steam, oil, and salt water may cause corrosion of
components and metal parts. In such environments, use equipment with enclosure rating IP 55. As
an extra protection, coated printed circuit boards can be ordered as an option.
Airborne Particles such as dust may cause mechanical, electrical, or thermal failure in the adjustable
frequency drive. A typical indicator of excessive levels of airborne particles is dust particles
around the adjustable frequency drive fan. In very dusty environments, use equipment with
enclosure rating IP 55 or a cabinet for IP 00/IP 20/TYPE 1 equipment.
In environments with high temperatures and humidity, corrosive gases such as sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine
compounds will cause chemical processes on the adjustable frequency drive components.
Such chemical reactions will rapidly affect and damage the electronic components. In
such environments, mount the equipment in a cabinet with fresh air ventilation, keeping
aggressive gases away from the adjustable frequency drive.
An extra protection in such areas is a coating of the printed circuit boards, which can be ordered as an option.
NOTE
Mounting adjustable frequency drives in aggressive environments increases the risk of
stoppages and considerably reduces the life of the drive.
Before installing the adjustable frequency drive, check the ambient air for liquids, particles, and gases.
This is done by observing existing installations in this environment. Typical indicators of harmful
airborne liquids are water or oil on metal parts, or corrosion of metal parts.
Excessive dust particle levels are often found on installation cabinets and existing electrical installations. One
indicator of aggressive airborne gases is blackening of copper rails and cable ends on existing installations.
"Vibration and Shock
The adjustable frequency drive has been
tested according to a procedure based on
the shown standards:
The adjustable frequency drive complies with
requirements that exist for units mounted on the
wallsandfloorsofproductionpremises,aswell
as in panels bolted to walls or floors.
IEC/EN 60068-2-6: Vibration (sinusoidal) - 1970
IEC/EN 60068-2-64: Vibration, broad-band
random
"Control Principle
An adjustable frequency drive rectifies AC voltage from line into DC voltage, after which this DC
voltage is converted into an AC current with a variable amplitude and frequency.
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FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
The motor is supplied with variable voltage / current and frequency, which enables infinitely variable speed
control of three-phased, standard AC motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors.
"FC 300 Controls
The adjustable frequency drive is capable of controlling either the speed or the torque on the
motor shaft. Setting par. 1-00 determines the type of control.
Speed control:
There are two types of speed control:
•Speed open loop control which does not require any feedback (sensorless).
•Speed closed-loop control in the form of PID control that requires speed feedback to an input. Properly
optimized speed closed-loop control will have higher accuracy than speed open loop control.
Selects which input to use as speed PID feedback in par. 7-00.
Torque control (FC 302 only):
Torque control is part of the motor control and correct settings of motor parameters are
very important. The accuracy and settling time of the torque control are determined from
Flux w motor feedb (par. 1-01 Motor Control Principle).
•Flux sensorless offers superior performance in all four quadrants at motor frequencies above 10 Hz.
•Flux with encoder feedback offers superior performance in all four quadrants and at all motor speeds.
Speed / torque reference:
The reference to these controls can either be a single reference or the sum of various references including
relatively scaled references. The handling of references is explained in detail later in this section.
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MG.33.B6.22 - VLT is a registered Danfoss trademark

FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
"FC 301 vs. FC 302 Control Principle
The FC 301 is a general-purpose adjustable frequency drive for variable speed applications. The
control principle is based on voltage vector control (VVCplus).
The FC 301 can handle asynchronous motors only.
The current sensing principle in the FC 301 is based on current measurement in the DC link
or motor phase. The ground fault protection on the motor side is solved by a de-saturation
circuit in the IGBTs connected to the control board.
Short circuit behavior in the FC 301 depends on the current transducer with positive DC link and the
desaturation protection with feedback from the 3 lower IGBTs and the brake.
The FC 302 is a high-performance adjustable frequency drive for demanding applications. The
adjustable frequency drive can handle various kinds of motor control principles such as U/f
special motor mode, VVCplus or flux vector motor control.
The FC 302 is able to handle permanent magnet synchronous motors (brushless servo motors)
as well as normal squirrel-cage asynchronous motors.
Short circuit behavior on the FC 302 depends on the 3 current transducers in the motor phases
and the desaturation protection with feedback from the brake.
18 MG.33.B6.22 - VLT is a registered Danfoss trademark

FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
"Control Structure in VVCplus
Control structure in VVCplus open-loop and closed-loop configurations:
In the configuration shown in the illustration above, par. 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to “VVCplus
[1]” and par. 1-00 is set to “Speed open-loop [0]”. The resulting reference from the reference handling
system is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor
control. The output of the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.
If par. 1-00 is set to “Speed closed-loop [1]” the resulting reference will be passed from the ramp limitation and
speed limitation into a speed PID control. The speed PID control parameters are located in the par. group 7-0*.
The resulting reference from the speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit.
Select “Process [3]” in par. 1-00 to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of, e.g., speed or
pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are located in par. group 7-2* and 7-3*.
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MG.33.B6.22 - VLT is a registered Danfoss trademark

FC 300 Design Guide
Introduction to FC 300
"Control Structure in Flux Sensorless
(FC 302 only)
Control structure in flux sensorless open-loop and closed-loop configurations.
In the configuration shown, par. 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to “Flux sensorless [2]” and par.
1-00 is set to “Speed open-loop [0]”. The resulting reference from the reference handling system is fed
through the ramp and speed limitations as determined by the parameter settings indicated.
An estimated speed feedback is generated to the speed PID to control the output frequency.
The speed PID must be set with its P, I, and D parameters (par. group 7-0*).
Select “Process [3]” in par. 1-00 to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of, i.e., speed or
pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are found in par. group 7-2* and 7-3*.
20 MG.33.B6.22 - VLT is a registered Danfoss trademark