The instructions contained in this manual cover complete disassembly and reassembly
of the controls. Before proceeding with the disassembly or reassembly of any unit, this
manual should be studied in order to become familiar with proper order and parts
nomenclature.
A piloted three-way valve spool and sleeve combination is the nucleus of the control
function. For the compensator, torque limiter and load sensing controls, system
pressure is applied to the input port of the valve, and to one end of the spool. A
small orifice feeds this pressure to the other end of the spool, and limits pilot flow
to approximately 1,9 l/m. A spring on this end biases the spool to normally port the
control cylinder to pump case.This control cylinder links to the pump cam. On the
opposite side of the control cyllinder, a pin connected to system pressure, pump
timing forces, and a spring combine to put the pump on stroke.
A spring-loaded cone and seat connected to the spring end of the three-way spool
establishes an adjustable pressure limit on this end of the spool. When system pres-
sure reaches this value, flow through the spool creates a pressure difference across
the spool. At approximately 17,2 bar difference, the spool shifts toward the spring, re-
directing the control cylinder port to pressure.This pressure applied to the control
cylinder overcomes the forces putting the pump on stroke, causing the pump to reduce
displacement.When the pump pressure drops, the spool shifts the other way to main-
tain the pump pressure at approximately 17,2 bar above the controlled pressure on the
spring side.The spring end of this three-way spool may also be connected to a remote
pressure control, through the vent port, V.
For load sensing, this “V” port is connected to the load. The pump compensator will
supply approximately 17,2 bar above the load pressure.The valve between the pump
and the load meters the flow.The pump provides the flow to develop 17,2 bar drop
across the valve independent of the load pressure and thus becomes a flow control
independent of operating pressure. Adjustment of spring load on the three-way spool
allows precise control of the differential pressure.
Where the approximately 1,9 l/m vent flow cannot be accommodated by the load
sensing circuit, and where multiple loads are to be controlled, a load sensing control
is available. In the load sensing control, the vent flow is modulated by a valve which
senses load pressure and establishes the pump compensator pressure at 21 bar
above load pressure.There is essentially no flow in the sensing line.
For torque limiting, system pressure and pump displacement are controlled by the for-
mula P•V=K. As pressure increases, displacement must reduce, and vice versa. A link-
age to the pump control cylinder slides a spool over a pin. The spool and pin act as a
metering valve.The pin contains a cross drilled hole, and a connecting drilling to one
end.This pin passes through a bore in the torque limiter housing connecting to the
vent port of the compensator. The pressure in the vent port applies a force on the pin,
which is resisted on the other end by a two spring combination.
The pin positions itself to where the vent pressure force on the one end is balanced by
the spring force on the other end.When the cross drilled hole opens, it causes the
three-way spool to shift to direct system pressure into the control cylinder, reducing
stroke. The linkage to the control cylinder causes the spool to move in the direction to
close the cross-drilled hole.Thus, for every position of the pin, there is a corresponding
position for the control cylinder. The position of the pin is determined by the pressure,
the spring rate, and the initial adjustment on the springs. As pressure increases, pump
stroke must reduce.
At low pressure, only the outer spring contacts the spool. As pressure increases, the
second spring also makes contact. Thus the rate of change of pressure starts at a low
initial rate when the pump is at full stroke and changes to a high rate at reduced
stroke, to approximate the P•V=K relationship. The normal compensator function is
retained to provide a maximum pressure limit.
The rotary servo control is mounted on the off-stroke side of the control cylinder. The
control piston has a large diameter on this side, and a smaller diameter on the oppo-
site side. Servo pressure is connected to the input port on the three-way valve, and
also to the smaller diameter side of the control piston.
When the three-way spool is at rest, the control piston is ported to tank, and servo
pressure applied to the opposite, smaller diameter piston causes the rocker cam to
stroke to minimum.When the three-way spool shifts, pressure is directed into the
larger diameter of the control cylinder causing the cam to shift towards full stroke.
The pin described above is spring loaded against a mechanism which converts rotary
motion of the input shaft to linear motion of the pin, thus positioning pump stroke pro-
portionately to input shaft rotation.
In the hydraulic stroker, a spring loaded piston is attached to the above pin. A control
pressure of 3,45 bar causes the piston to commence to move against the spring, to
position the pin in proportion to the control pressure, and thus cause the pump to
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION
PRESSURE COMPENSATOR
LOAD SENSING CONTROL
TORQUE LIMITER
ROTARY SERVO CONTROL
HYDRAULIC STROKER
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