dresden elektronik RaspBee Series User manual

User Manual
RaspBeeTM
Document Version V1.6
2017-12-10

User Manual
Version 1.6
2017-12-10
RaspBee –ZigBee addon board
www.dresden-elektronik.de
Page 2 of 27
Table of contents
1. Overview .........................................................................................................................6
2. Applications.....................................................................................................................6
3. Features..........................................................................................................................6
3.1. Short facts..............................................................................................................6
3.2. How does the RaspBee work? ...............................................................................7
4. Quick start.......................................................................................................................8
4.1. Content of delivery..................................................................................................8
4.2. Requirements.........................................................................................................9
4.2.1. Hardware....................................................................................................9
4.2.2. Software......................................................................................................9
4.3. Setup the components............................................................................................9
5. Preconfigured image .....................................................................................................10
5.1. Install and start the application without preconfigured image................................10
6. Software........................................................................................................................10
6.1. deCONZ on RPi ...................................................................................................11
6.1.1. Installation.................................................................................................11
6.1.2. Configure serial port..................................................................................11
6.1.3. Start and run the application .....................................................................11
6.1.4. Autostart deCONZ GUI on boot.................................................................11
6.1.5. Autostart deCONZ headless on boot.........................................................12
6.2. Notes on custom firmware....................................................................................12
6.3. GCFFlasher..........................................................................................................12
6.3.1. Installation.................................................................................................12
6.3.2. Commands ...............................................................................................12
6.3.3. Flash firmware file.....................................................................................13
6.4. EEPROM layout ...................................................................................................13
6.5. Fuse setting..........................................................................................................13
7. LED user interface.........................................................................................................14

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8. Technical data...............................................................................................................15
9. Mechanical size.............................................................................................................18
9.1. Dimensions ..........................................................................................................18
9.2. Housing................................................................................................................18
10. Pin assignment..............................................................................................................19
11. Hardware modifications.................................................................................................20
11.1.Assemble the service header ...............................................................................21
11.2.Using an external antenna....................................................................................21
12. Radio certification..........................................................................................................22
12.1.United States (FCC).............................................................................................22
12.2.European Union (ETSI)........................................................................................22
12.3.Approved antenna list...........................................................................................23
13. Ordering information......................................................................................................23
14. Packaging dimension ....................................................................................................24
15. Revision notes...............................................................................................................24
References...........................................................................................................................25

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Document history
Date
Version
Description
2013-07-22
1.0
Initial version
2013-09-09
1.1
Update of radio certification section due to successful passed
certification
Availability of basic variant included
2016-04-04
1.2
Including support of RPi2 and RPi3
RaspBee basic is obsolete
2016-04-04
1.3
Update Raspbian Jessie UART configuration
2017-04-25
1.4
Adjust installation of the deCONZ software
2017-07-20
1.5
Add installation firmware by using GCFFlasher
2017-12-10
1.6
Update deCONZ installation for Raspbian Jessi and Stretch.
Update preconfigured SD-card image from Raspbian Jessi to
Stretch.
Document deCONZ GUI and headless autostart.
Add GCFFlasher description.
Introduce Phoscon App as WebApp update.

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Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Description
IEEE 802.15.4
Communication standard, applicable to low-rate Wireless Personal Area
Networks (WPAN)
CE
Consumer Electronics
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
GPIO
Generals Purpose Input Output
JTAG
Joint Test Action Group, digital interface for debugging of embedded
devices, also known as IEEE 1149.1 standard interface
MAC
Medium (Media) Access Control
MCU, µC
Microcontroller Unit
OS
Operating System
RF
Radio Frequency
RPi
Raspberry Pi, a famous inexpensive single board computer in credit card
size
R&TTE
Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
(Directive of the European Union)
U[S]ART
Universal [Synchronous/]Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
ZHA
ZigBee Home-Automation profile
ZigBee
Low-cost, low-power wireless mesh network standard. The ZigBee Alliance
is a group of companies that maintain and publish the ZigBee standard.
ZHA
ZigBee Home Automation profile
ZLL
ZigBee Light Link profile

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1. Overview
The RaspBee™is a ZigBee addon board for the Raspberry Pi (RPi). By using the RaspBee
the Raspberry Pi becomes a full functional wireless node which can be seamlessly integrated
into ZigBee networks. This will enhance the application range of RPi with monitoring and
controlling ZigBee networks. ZigBee compatible devices are available from a lot of
manufacturers.
The RaspBee addon board has been designed to interconnect with the RPi standard user
header. Due to its slim size the RPi still fits into most housings available on the market.
The addon board contains a powerful radio module with integrated power amplifier and low
noise amplifier. Together with the assembled onboard chip antenna which has been
optimally tuned this ensures a superior RF performance.
The RaspBee board “premium” is shipped with a pre-flashed ZigBee firmware. In delivery
condition it includes a bootloader for simple firmware updates.
The ZigBee firmware is interfaced by a program called deCONZ which runs on the RPi and is
responsible for ZigBee network control and monitoring.
Basically, the RaspBee is a reference design for the ZigBee radio module deRFmega256-
23M12 by dresden elektronik.
2. Applications
Mainly the RaspBee is designed to handle ZigBee 3.0, ZigBee Light Link (ZLL) and ZigBee
Home Automation (ZHA) applications in connection with the RaspBee ZigBee firmware and
RPi software deCONZ. A more detailed description of the ZLL standard, the features,
benefits and available certified products can be found on the official alliance website [1].
It is also possible to use a custom firmware for wireless applications. Follow the instructions
in Sections 6 and 11 for detailed instructions on software installation and customer
modifications.
Note: Regard that dependent on the modifications the radio certification and compliance
may become invalid. Please get in contact with us to advise you for a custom FCC
certified and/or compliant design.
3. Features
The RaspBee board contains the features listed below. Figure 1 illustrates the feature parts
in a detailed view.
3.1. Short facts
Slim size: 48.0 x 16.5 x 12.0 mm
Supply voltage: 5.0 V
Onboard 2.4 GHz ZigBee radio module ‘deRFmega256-23M12’

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Application interfaces:
o1x UART, 1x Reset, 1x GPIO
oUser interface: 2x LED (red and green)
Figure 1: RaspBee in detail
3.2. How does the RaspBee work?
The functional parts of the RaspBee are shown in a schematic overview in Figure 2.
The RaspBee will be supplied by the RPi 5.0 V domain. Therefore the AC/DC supply must be
sufficient to support the additional load. The most used AC/DC converters for RPi supply
enough power to compensate the slightly increased current consumption of the RaspBee. An
onboard low-drop-out voltage regulator generates a stable 3.3 V voltage to supply the radio
module and LEDs.
Note: All RaspBee signals (UART, RESET, GPIO, JTAG) work on a 3.3 V domain. A level
shifting of the signals to other voltage domains may be required if the RaspBee is
used on other base boards than the RPi.
The onboard placed radio module deRFmega256-23M12 by dresden elektronik contains an
8-bit AVR microcontroller with an integrated low-power 2.4 GHz transceiver for ZigBee and
IEEE 802.15.4 applications. The firmware is stored in the MCU internal flash and starts
automatically after the board gets powered on. Each RaspBee contains a world-wide unique
identifier, named MAC-ID. It consists of an 8 byte address, including the vendor ID and
product ID. The MAC-ID is stored in the MCU internal EEPROM.
Radio module
Service interface
(optional, n.a.)
LED2
LED1
LDO
RPi
socket
U.FL (n.a.)
Wire antenna (n.a.)
Chip antenna

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Communication between RPi and RaspBee is established via UART interface by using a
proprietary protocol. The application protocol frames which are used by the deCONZ
application to communicate with the microcontroller are encapsulated in the Serial Line
Internet Protocol (SLIP).
The used signals are TXD and RXD without any handshake signals. It is important to enable
the access to RPi serial port (see Section 6.1.2) to ensure the proper function. Two user
LEDs (red, green) are available to show RaspBee status. The low-active reset signal can be
controlled by the RPi and will cause a hardware reset of the built-in microcontroller. An
onboard 10k pull-up resistor avoids an unintended reset trigger.
Via a service adapter footprint the JTAG signals of the built-in microcontroller are available.
In delivery state the adapter header is not assembled. See Section 11.1 for a custom
modification.
The 2.4 GHz radio module has two RF output traces. In default delivery state, only one RF
line is used which is routed to the assembled onboard chip antenna. Each firmware shall
ensure that the correct RF port gets selected. Although the chip antenna covers most of the
applications it is also possible to use an external antenna. This requires custom modifications
described in Section 11.2 as well as firmware changes.
deRFmega256-23M12
JTAG
UART
VCC
4.5V to 5.5V
Reset
RFout 1
RFout 2
LDO Vout
3.3V
LED1 LED2
Chip-Ant.
Coax-Conn.
GPIO
GPIO GPIO
Figure 2: Block Diagram
4. Quick start
This section describes in short steps a fast start-up of the RaspBee board to control and
monitor a ZigBee network. Detailed descriptions about the firmware, software and
functionality can be found in Section 6.
4.1. Content of delivery
One shipped RaspBee package contains the following:
1x RaspBee board

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1x Instruction leaflet
4.2. Requirements
The RaspBee is designed to work on a Raspberry Pi. In general all actual available types of
RPi will work with the RaspBee. However we recommend RPi type B, RPi2 and RPi3 with
assembled Ethernet components. For full functionality the following additional components
are required:
4.2.1. Hardware
Raspberry Pi (type B ), RPi2 or RPi3
Recommended Power supply for Raspberry Pi, RPi2 or RPi3
(AC/DC to Micro-USB, 5.0 V DC, min. 2 A)
SD card / MicroSD card for OS and software
4.2.2. Software
Linux operating system (Raspbian Jessie or Stretch
1
)
deCONZ for ARMv6 Linux
2
ZigBee firmware for RaspBee
3
(optionally)
4.3. Setup the components
1. Unpack the RaspBee unit.
2. Please make sure that the Pi is switched off.
3. Connect the RaspBee to the RPi user header. Pin 1 of RaspBee (square marker) must
be connected to Pin 2 of RPi header P1 at the board edge. Use the same header position
for RPi2 or RPi3.
1
Refer to http://www.raspbian.org/ for download and installation instructions
2
deCONZ is available in the download area on http://www.dresden-elektronik.de
3
ZigBee firmware is available in the download area on http://www.dresden-elektronik.de. (section
deCONZ, file extension .bin.GCF).

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Figure 3: RPi user header
Notes: Double check that the header is NOT shifted inadvertently since this may
damage the RaspBee board irreversible.
Do not connect the RaspBee if the RPi is powered since this will cause a
restart of the host device.
5. Preconfigured image
We recommend the use of the preconfigured MicroSD-card image with Raspbian Stretch,
deCONZ and VNC-Server which is available for download here:
https://www.dresden-elektronik.de/funktechnik/solutions/wireless-light-control/raspbee-gw-
sd-card-image/?L=1
Otherwise, please follow the installation instructions of the chapter 5.1.
1. Power-On the RPi and wait until the main screen is available
2. The deCONZ application starts automatically.
5.1. Install and start the application without preconfigured image
3. Power-On the RPi and wait until the login prompt is available.
4. Log in and acquire superuser rights.
5. Install the ZigBee control and monitoring software ‘deCONZ’ on RPi (see Section 6.1.1).
6. Start the deCONZ application (see Section 6.1.3).
6. Software
All following explanations assume the customer fulfils the software prerequisites as given in
Section 4.2.2 and the initial setup (see Section 4.3) has been performed.

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6.1. deCONZ on RPi
deCONZ is a powerful program which allows the configuration, operation, monitoring and
maintenance of ZigBee networks.
6.1.1. Installation
1. Download deCONZ software package:
$ wget http://www.dresden-elektronik.de/rpi/deconz/deconz-
latest.deb
2. Install deCONZ software package:
Important: This step might print some errors due missing dependencies;
that’s expected and will be fixed afterwards in the step 3.
$ sudo dpkg -i deconz-latest.deb
3. Install missing dependencies:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install –f
6.1.2. Configure serial port
1. Open RPi config tool
$ sudo raspi-config
2. Select “Interfacing Options”
3. Select “Serial”
4. “Would you like a login shell to be accessible over serial?”→<No>
5. “Would you like the serial port hardware to be enabled?”→<Yes>
6. Exit config tool and reboot RPi
6.1.3. Start and run the application
1. If not already running start the desktop environment
$ startx
2. Start deCONZ application from start menu
Menu / Programming / deCONZ
The application shall now connect to the RaspBee shield automatically and a blue node with
address 0x0000 which represents the RaspBee coordinator appears. For details on the
operation, refer to the deCONZ user manual [2]. Once running, deCONZ is also accessible
via browser based Phoscon App [3].
6.1.4. Autostart deCONZ GUI on boot
Use this if deCONZ GUI should be started automatically on each boot.
1. Enable deCONZ systemd GUI service
$ sudo systemctl enable deconz-gui

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6.1.5. Autostart deCONZ headless on boot
Use this to start deCONZ on each boot in a headless environment, without a running X11 or
VNC server.
1. Enable deCONZ systemd headless service
$ sudo systemctl enable deconz
6.2. Notes on custom firmware
For communication between RPi and Raspberry, set the UART speed to 38400 baud
preferably. To upload the firmware or recover the ZigBee firmware, use GCFFlasher
4
.
Notes: When using the JTAG interface, do not touch sensitive EEPROM areas (Bootloader
control section, ZigBee firmware settings, NV-section containing i.e. MAC address)
unless you are absolutely sure what you are doing.
Please also note that dresden elektronik will neither provide firmware images of the
bootloader nor support restoring the bootloader or EEPROM once overwritten.
6.3. GCFFlasher
GCFFlasher is a command line tool for which can be used to update the RaspBee firmware
without additional programming hardware. It is also used by deCONZ if the ZigBee firmware
needs to be updated.
GCFFlasher accepts firmware files in binary file format and in dresden elektronik proprietary
GCF file format. There is no EEPROM programming support within GCFFlasher. EEPROM
programming must be done within your application code. Please note that modifying the
EEPROM may cause irreversibly damage to your RaspBee board. Use with care.
GCFFlasher also provides the option ‘-r’ to set the target device into reset state.
6.3.1. Installation
1. Download GCFFlasher
$ wget http://www.dresden-
elektronik.de/rpi/gcfflasher/gcfflasher-latest.deb
2. Install GCFFlasher
Important: This step might print some errors due missing dependencies;
that’s expected and will be fixed afterwards in the step 3.
$ sudo dpkg -i gcfflasher-latest.deb
3. Install missing dependencies:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install –f
6.3.2. Commands
The GCFFlasher command description is available by start the program:
4
Images of the ZigBee Firmware are available in the download section on http://www.dresden-
elektronik.de

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$ sudo GCFFlasher
The available commands are:
-r force device reset without programming
-f <firmware> flash firmware file
-d <device> device to use
-sn <serial> FTDI device with serial number to use
-l list devices
-h -? print this help
Note: The FTDI based commands are only applicable for firmware uploads of the
ZigBee USB Dongle ConBee. See https://www.dresden-
elektronik.de/funktechnik/solutions/wireless-light-control/conbee/ for product
details.
6.3.3. Flash firmware file
To upload the firmware, invoke GCFFlasher with superuser rights as follows:
$ sudo GCFFlasher -f <filename>.bin.GCF
6.4. EEPROM layout
The radio module contained on the RaspBee uses the following EEPROM sections. If
developing custom firmware, please do not modify the sections already used.
Table 1: EEPROM sections
EEPROM sections
address range
content / remark
0x0000 ... 0x00FF
Bootloader specific
0x0100 ... 0x1EFF
user available
0x1F00 ... 0x1FDF
ZigBee firmware specific
0x1FE0 ... 0x1FFF
NV-section
6.5. Fuse setting
The table below shows the recommended fuse byte settings for the RaspBee which the
board also comes with in factory new condition. Please refer to the radio module user
manual [4] for their description and alternative configurations.
Table 2: Extended fuse bytes
Fuse bytes
Setting
Description
EXTENDED
0xF8
Extended fuse byte
HIGH
0x90
Fuse high byte

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LOW
0xCE
Fuse low byte
7. LED user interface
The LED user interface consists of a red and a green low-active low-current LED. They show
the actual status of the RaspBee board (Table 3).
Table 3: LED status
LED status
Application
Application state
LED1 (red)
LED2 (green)
Bootloader
during initial 200 ms after start
(awaiting commands)
Off
Blinking
firmware update
Off
Blinking
no target application (invalid
Firmware/empty FLASH)
Off
Blinking
target application started
depending application
ZigBee firmware
Idle mode (TRX OFF)
Fast blinking
Off
Connecting
Slow blinking
Off
Connected
On
Off
Transmit
Off
On
Transmitted
Off
Off
custom firmware
n/a
depending application

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8. Technical data
The RaspBee contains the 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 radio module ‘deRFmega256-23M12’ by
dresden elektronik. A detailed description of the module’s characteristics and properties can
be found in the radio module user manual [4].
Table 4: Mechanical data
Mechanical data
Value
Descriptor
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Size
L
48.0
mm
W
16.5
mm
H
12.0
mm
Table 5: Temperature range
Temperature range5
Value
Descriptor
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Working
temperature
Twork
-40
+25
+85
°C
Table 6: Absolute maximum ratings
Absolute maximum ratings
Value
Descriptor
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Supply voltage
Vin_max
T=25°C
5.5
V
Supply current
Iin_max
TX_ON, TX_PWR=0x0
215
mA
Note: Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute maximum ratings” may cause
permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those
indicated in the operational sections of this manual are not implied. Exposure
to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device
reliability. For more details about these parameters, refer to individual
datasheets of the components used.
5
The given values are only valid for the RaspBee board. They may differ from the Raspberry Pi or
other custom base boards. Check the appropriate documentations for the working and storage
temperature of the whole system.

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Table 7: Electrical characteristics
Electrical characteristics
Value
Descriptor
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Supply voltage
Vin
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
Output voltage
Vout
3.3
V
Supply current
Iin_trxoff
Vin=5.0 V
15.8
mA
Iin_txon
Vin=5.0 V, TX_PWR=0x0
Vin=5.0 V, TX_PWR=0x6
Vin=5.0 V, TX_PWR=0xF
213.7
168.2
55.1
mA
mA
mA
Iin_rxon
Vin=5.0 V, Max. Sens.
Vin=5.0 V, Reduced Sens.
Vin=5.0 V, RPC On
32.0
31.7
26.6
mA
mA
mA
Table 8: MCU clock
MCU clock
Value
Descriptor
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
MCU clock
CLKMCU
8
MHz
Table 9: Radio characteristics
Radio characteristics
Value
Descriptor
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Antenna
ANT1
Type
Chip Ceramic
Gain
-0.7
dBi
Coaxial connector
COAX
Type
U.FL
Frequency range
Frange
PHY_CC_CCA = 0x0B..0x1A
2405
2480
MHz
Channels
CH
PHY_CC_CCA = 0x0B..0x1A
16

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Absolute TX power
POUT
Vin=5.0 V, TX_PWR=0x0
Vin=5.0 V, TX_PWR=0x6
Vin=5.0 V, TX_PWR=0xF
20.9
19.6
3.0
dBm
dBm
dBm
Receiver sensitivity
SENS
Data Rate = 250 kBit/s
Data Rate = 500 kBit/s
Data Rate = 1000 kBit/s
Data Rate = 2000 kBit/s
-105
-101
-99
-94
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
Data rate (gross)
DR
TRX_CTRL_2 = 0x00
TRX_CTRL_2 = 0x01
TRX_CTRL_2 = 0x02
TRX_CTRL_2 = 0x03
250
500
1000
2000
kbps
kbps
kbps
kbps

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9. Mechanical size
9.1. Dimensions
The RaspBee board (Figure 4) has a length of 48.0 mm, a width of 16.5 mm and a height of
12.0 mm (including socket for RPi).
Figure 4: Mechanical size
9.2. Housing
The slim board size allows the usage of housing for the RPi. Tested and recommended items
are:
MULTICOMP - MC-RP001 white (FARNELL order code 2113797)
MULTICOMP - MC-RP001 black (FARNELL order code 2113798)
MULTICOMP - MC-RP001 clear (FARNELL order code 2113799)
Recommended housing for RPi2 and RPi3 is:
RS Pro - ASM-1900036-11 (RS-Online order code 908-4212)

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10.Pin assignment
This section lists all available signals and their function on the RaspBee.
Note: The signal NC means Not Connected.
Table 10: Signal pin description
Signal pin description
Radio module pin
Signal
Function
Comment
28
PE0/RXD0
UART RX
Communication interface
29
PE1/TXD0
UART TX
Communication interface
4
RESET
Reset
10k pull-up onboard, low-active
27
PB7
SW1 / GPIO
15
PD7
LED1
Red, low-active
8
PG2
LED2
Green, low-active
57
RFOUT1
Wire antenna or
coaxial connector
Not assembled, trace terminated
with 49R9 resistor
53
RFOUT2
Chip antenna
48
PF4/TCK
JTAG
Header not assembled
47
PF5/TMS
JTAG
Header not assembled
46
PF6/TDO
JTAG
Header not assembled
45
PF7/TDI
JTAG
Header not assembled
-
Vin
Voltage supply
5 V supplied by RPi
2, 50
VCC
Voltage supply
3.3 V generated internally
1, 31, 44, 49, 51
GND
Ground
System ground
Table 11: Header pin description
Header pin description
Header
Pin
Signal
Comment
RPi socket
1
Vin
5.0 V supplied by RPi

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2
NC
3
NC
4
NC
5
GND
6
NC
7
RXD
UART RX
8
NC
9
TXD
UART TX
10
GND
11
SW1
GPIO for RaspBee
12
RESET
Reset signal for RaspBee
Service socket
(not assembled)
1
TCK
JTAG
2
GND
3
TDO
JTAG
4
VCC
3.3 V generated internally
5
TMS
JTAG
6
RESET
Reset signal for RaspBee
7
VCC
3.3 V generated internally
8
NC
9
TDI
JTAG
10
GND
11.Hardware modifications
Besides the factory-default RaspBee configuration it is also possible to modify the hardware
to enhance its functionality.