ECOTEST DKS-02PN User manual

SEARCH ALARM DOSIMETER DKS-02PN
“CADMIUM”
Operating Manual

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CONTENTS
1 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION ...........................................................3
1.1 PURPOSE OF USE ............................................................................................. 3
1.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................... 4
1.3 DELIVERY KIT OF THE DOSIMETER ................................................................... 9
1.4 DESIGN AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION .......................................................... 10
1.5 LABELING AND SEALING ............................................................................... 13
1.6 PACKING ...................................................................................................... 13
2 PROPER USE OF THE DOSIMETER ...................................................... 14
2.1 OPERATING LIMITATIONS .............................................................................. 14
2.2 PREPARATION FOR OPERATION ...................................................................... 14
2.3 USE OF THE DOSIMETER ................................................................................ 16
3 TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE ............................................................... 43
4 CERTIFICATE OF ACCEPTANCE ........................................................... 50
5 PACKING CERTIFICATE ......................................................................... 50
6 WARRANTY ............................................................................................ 51
7 REPAIR .................................................................................................... 52
8 STORAGE ................................................................................................ 53
9 SHIPPING................................................................................................. 53
10 DISPOSAL .............................................................................................. 53
APPENDIX А
TROUBLE RECORD DURING USE ........................................................... 54
APPENDIX B
REPAIR ....................................................................................................... 55
APPENDIX C
STORAGE ................................................................................................... 56
APPENDIX D
PUTTING IN PROLONGED STORAGE AND REMOVAL
FROM STORAGE ....................................................................................... 57
APPENDIX E
VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION RESULTS ............................................ 58

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This Operating Manual (hereinafter called the OM) is intended to inform
the user about the principles of operation and rules of application of the search
alarm dosimeter DKS-02PN “CADMIUM”. The manual contains all information
necessary for full implementation of its technical capabilities and its proper use.
The Operator Manual contains the following abbreviations:
DER - ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma, X-ray and neutron
radiation;
PC - personal computer.
1 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
1.1 Purpose of use
DKS-02PN “CADMIUM” search alarm dosimeter (hereinafter - the
dosimeter) is designed to
• search (detect and localize) for radioactive and nuclear materials by their
external gamma and neutron radiation;
• measure ambient dose equivalent rate (DER) of gamma, X-ray and
neutron radiation;
• determine gamma, X-ray and neutron radiation intensity.
The dosimeter is used to control illicit transfer of radioactive materials and
search for sources of radioactive radiation in the following areas:
• Customs and Border Services;
• Law enforcement agencies (MIA, Security Service of Ukraine, safeguard
service);
• Metallurgy and scrap metal storage;
• Vehicles monitoring, seaports and airports;
• Environmental inspectorate;
• Radioactive waste storage sites.

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1.2 Technical Specifications
1.2.1 Key specifications are presented in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
Name Measurement unit Standardized value
Sensitivity to gamma radiation
for (137Cs), not less than (cps)/(μSv/h) 200
Sensitivity to neutron radiation
for:
- Thermal neutrons, not less
than
- Fast neutrons, not less than
(pulse·cm2)/neutron 1.2 ± 0.12,
0.12 ± 0.012
Measurement range of photon-
ionizing radiation DER μSv/h 0.01 … 106
Indication range of photon-
ionizing radiation DER μSv/h 0.01 … 104
Indication range of count rate
of photon-ionizing radiation cps 1 … 9999
Indication range of count rate
of neutron radiation cps 0.01 … 9999
Main relative permissible error
limit during photon-ionizing
radiation DER measurement
with 0.95 confidence
probability (137Cs)
%
±(15+1/H*(10)),
where H*(10) is a
numeric value of
measured DER
equivalent to μSv/h
Energy range of registered
photon-ionizing radiation MeV 0.02 … 3.00
Energy dependence of the
device readings during photon-
ionizing radiation DER
measurement in the energy
range from 0.05 to 3.00 MeV
relative to 0.662 MeV energy
(137Cs)
% ±25

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Table 1.1 (continued)
Name Measurement
unit
Standardized
value
Anisotropy of the dosimeter when gamma
radiation is recorded at gamma quanta
incidence at angles from +60о to - 60о
horizontally and vertically relative to the
main measurement direction, marked by a
“+” symbol:
- for 137Cs and 60Со isotopes
- for 241Am isotope
%
30
75
Energy range of registered neutron radiation eV 0.025 – 14·10
6
Time of operating mode setting, not more
than min 1
Calibration time by the level of gamma
background s 2 … 60
Response time to over 10 times change of
photon-ionizing radiation DER s 0.25
Operating supply voltage of the dosimeter
from lithium-polymer battery V 3.7
Continuous operation of the dosimeter when
powered by the charged battery under
natural background radiation and switched
off display backlight, not less than
hrs 40
Operating temperature range °С -20 … +50
Dimensions of the dosimeter without a clip,
not more than mm 67 × 127 × 30
Weight of the dosimeter, not more than kg 0.28

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1.2.2 The dosimeter features a threshold alarm system with three
independent threshold levels:
- Search threshold level or sigma-threshold (threshold level of pulse count
rate from the detector of gamma radiation);
- Safety threshold level (threshold level of gamma radiation DER);
- Neutron threshold level (threshold level of pulse count rate from the
detector of neutron radiation).
1.2.3 Search threshold level is calculated automatically by the dosimeter in
the mode of calibration by the gamma background intensity level and consists of
the background counting rate and the programmed number of rms deviations of
background counting rate. Calibration time by the level of gamma background
intensity ranges from 2 to 60 seconds.
The programming range of the number of rms deviations - from 1 to 9.9.
Programming resolution - 0.1. The dosimeter signals about the search threshold
level exceeding with light (red), vibration or sound signals "Sigma threshold
exceeding". Any combination of alarms is possible, while at least one type must
remain. The alarm is duplicated in the display of the dosimeter by highlighting of
a corresponding icon.
1.2.4 Safety threshold level is programmable in the XXX.YY format in
µSv/h or mSv/h. The minimum safety threshold level may not be less than 0.3
µSv/h. The dosimeter signals about this threshold level exceeding with light (red),
vibration or sound signals "Safety threshold exceeding". Any combination of
alarms is possible, while at least one type must remain. The alarm is duplicated in
the display of the dosimeter by highlighting of a corresponding icon.
1.2.5 Conditional threshold alarm level by neutron channel is set with the
values from 1 to 9, where 1 is the highest sensitivity of the device to neutron
radiation (but also the greatest probability of false positives), and 9 is the lowest
sensitivity and lowest probability of false positives. Programming resolution – 1.
The dosimeter signals about this threshold level exceeding with light (blue),
vibration or sound signals "Neutron threshold exceeding". Any combination of
alarms is possible, while at least one type must remain. The alarm is duplicated in
the display of the dosimeter by highlighting of a corresponding icon.
1.2.6 Threshold alarm of the dosimeter triggers no later than in 2 seconds
after the level of gamma radiation increases above the background value (with
gamma radiation DER level of 0.1 µSv/h) to the DER level of 0.5 µSv/h for a
maximum time of 0.5 sec.

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1.2.7 The frequency of false signaling for gamma and neutron radiation -
less than 1 per 10 hours of operation in a stable background environment and the
following values of threshold levels:
- Search - 4;
- Safety - 1 µSv/h;
- Neutron - 1.
1.2.8 The dosimeter does not give false signals about the presence of
neutron radiation when exposed to gamma radiation from gamma source with
60Со or 137Cs with DER value of 100 µSv/h.
1.2.9 The dosimeter offers a possibility of automatic event logging in the
nonvolatile memory, namely:
- switching the dosimeter on;
- switching the dosimeter off;
- search threshold level exceeding;
- safety threshold level exceeding;
- conditional threshold level exceeding from the detector of neutron
radiation;
- saving measurement by the user’s command;
- settings change by the administrator;
- device’s flash memory erasing.
1.2.10 Nonvolatile memory capacity allows storing up to 65,000 records of
registered event.
1.2.11 Data communication between the dosimeter and the PC is done via
USB.
1.2.12 The dosimeter displays signs of the low battery.
1.2.13 The dosimeter remains operable under:
- Ambient temperature from -20 to +50 °C;
- Relative humidity up to 100% at 35 °C temperature without humidity
condensation;
- Atmospheric pressure from 84 to 106.7 kPa.
1.2.14 The dosimeter is resistant to sinusoidal vibrations by N1 group
according to GOST 12997-84 standard.
1.2.15 The dosimeter is resistant to single shocks with the following
parameters:
- Shock pulse duration - 6 ms
- Maximum shock acceleration - 50 m/s2.

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2.1.16 The dosimeter is resistant to falls on each of its six edges from a
height of 0.75 m on the concrete floor.
2.1.17 The dosimeter remains unaffected by constant and alternating
magnetic field of (50±1) Hz frequency and 400 A/m intensity.
2.1.18 The dosimeter is immune to gamma and X-ray radiation of up to
10 Sv/h DER for 5 minutes.
1.2.19 The ingress protection rating of the dosimeter in compliance with
GOST 14254-96 standard – is IP67.
1.2.20 The dosimeter is resistant to electromagnetic fields of frequency
range in accordance with DSTU IEC 61000-4-3: 2007 standard in the frequency
range from 80 to 1000 MHz with intensity of 3 V/m (test level 2).
1.2.21 The quasi-peak value of the radio-noise field intensity at a distance
of 3 m from the dosimeter does not exceed the values for class B equipment
according to GOST 29216-91.

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1.3 Delivery kit of the dosimeter
1.3.1 The delivery kit of the dosimeter includes the units and maintenance
documentation presented in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2- Delivery kit
Item Type Q-ty Note
Search Alarm
Dosimeter DKS-02PN
“CADMIUM”
ВІСТ.412139.005-02 1
Charging device 1 Model is not
specified
Operating Manual ВІСТ.412139.005-02 HE 1
Events Reader software 1 On a mini CD
Case 1 Model is not
specified

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1.4 Design and principle of operation
1.4.1 General information, design description
1.4.1.1 Appearance of the dosimeter is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 – Outlook of the dosimeter

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In terms of design, the dosimeter is made in a shape derivative of
rectangular parallelepiped with replacement of flat planes with surfaces with large
radii of curvature with rounded edges. The body is dustproof and waterproof,
plastic. Dosimeter’s working position - vertical.
The ingress protection rating is - IP67. The body consists of two covers (1)
and (2) connected by screws. The front cover (1) contains a graphical color
display (3), multifunctional manipulator (joystick) (4), indicators "GAMMA" (7)
"NEUTRON" (8) "BATTERY" (9) and light sensor "ABC" (10). The light panel
(5) for signaling when radioactive sources are detected is located in the upper part
of the cover.
A spring clip retainer (11) is secured with one screw on the back cover,
with the help of which the dosimeter is securely fastened on the operator’s clothes,
and which can be easily removed, if necessary. The back cover and the clip are
marked with "+" symbols (12), which stand for the mechanical centers of gamma
and neutron radiation detectors.
On the right lateral surface of the dosimeter’s body under the protective
flexible plug (6) there is a USB connector for connecting of the peripheral devices
and charging of the built-in battery.
Power supply of the dosimeter is charged by a lithium-polymer battery of
3.7 V rated voltage.
The dosimeter is sealed with a paste in the recesses (13) of the bottom
cover.

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1.4.2 Operation of the dosimeter
The dosimeter consists of the following main parts: high sensitivity
detecting unit of gamma radiation (GDUh), low sensitivity detecting unit of
gamma radiation (GDUl), detecting unit of neutron radiation (NDU), supply
voltage formers (SVF), bias voltage formers (BVF), GPS/GNSS receiver (NAV),
display and processing module (DPM), graphical color display (GCD), battery
(B), thermal detector (TD).
GDUh consists of the detector of CsI(Tl) scintillator type with silicon
photomultiplier and amplifier, while NDU - of the detector of LiI(Eu) scintillator
type with silicon photomultiplier and amplifier. GDUl is a Geiger-Muller counter.
The principle of operation of the detecting unit is based on the
transformation of scintillations in the semiconductor photomultiplier caused by
gamma or neutron radiation in the scintillator into the voltage pulses. These pulses
are fed to the input of the amplifier where they become amplified and come to the
output as pulses of positive polarity. The number of these pulses is proportional to
gamma or neutron radiation DER, and the amplitude – to the energy.
To ensure high temperature stability of the detectors with silicon
photomultiplier, DPM carries out constant temperature compensation, measuring
the exact values of temperature at the detectors, and precisely adjusts their bias
voltage.
DPM processes the pulse flow coming from the outputs of GDUh, GDUl,
NDU, and calculates the value of gamma radiation DER, which corresponds to
this flow considering the multichannel amplitude analysis, and the pulse count rate
from GDUh, GDUl, and NDU. Depending on the operating mode of the
dosimeter, the GCD displays the readings of DER, flux intensity, intensity flow
histogram, statistical error by gamma and neutron channels.
If DER exceeds 100 µSv/h by gamma channel, GDUh is automatically
turned off, and the DER value is calculated from GDUl that runs continuously.
The DPM consists of the non-volatile memory, which stores entries of the
events log.

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1.5 Labeling and sealing
1.5.1 The upper cover and the panel of the dosimeter is inscribed with the
name and a symbol of the dosimeter, the ingress protection rating and the
manufacturer’s trademark.
1.5.2 The lower cover of the dosimeter contains the factory serial number
and the date of manufacture.
1.5.3 Sealing of the dosimeter is performed by the manufacturer.
1.5.4 Removal of seals and repeated sealing is performed by the company
after repair and calibration of the dosimeter.
1.6 Packing
1.6.1 The dosimeter, the charger and the operating manual are placed into a
dust and waterproof case.
1.6.2 The case with the dosimeter kit is put into a cardboard packing box,
which is glued up on both sides with a plastic film with a sticky layer.

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2 PROPER USE OF THE DOSIMETER
2.1 Operating limitations
Operating limitations are presented in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 – Operating limitations
Operating limitation Limitation parameters
1
Ambient air temperature
from - 20 to 50 °С
2
Relative humidity
Up to
100
%
at
35
°
С
temperature
without humidity condensation
3
Effect
of gamma radiation
Gamma radiation DER up to
1
0
Sv/h
during 5 min
2.2 Preparation for operation
2.2.1 Scope and order of external examination
2.2.1.1 Before using the dosimeter, unpack it and check if the delivery kit
is complete. Examine for mechanical damages.
2.2.2 Rules and order of examination for operational readiness
2.2.2.1 Read this OM carefully before you start, and examine the location
and purpose of indicators and controls.
2.2.2.2 Charge the battery by connecting the charger to the USB-port of the
dosimeter. However, if the dosimeter was on, it would automatically turn off and
switch to the charging mode, and the display would show the battery charging
process animation: .
Notes
1 The dosimeter is equipped with a lithium-polymer battery with no
"memory effect", which can be charged at any time.
2 Fully charge the battery before the long-term storage of the dosimeter.

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2.2.3 List of possible troubles and troubleshooting
2.2.3.1 The list of possible troubles and troubleshooting is presented in
Table 2.2. Please record the possible troubles in the table of Appendix A of the
Operating Manual.
Table 2.2 - Possible troubles and troubleshooting
Trouble, its
manifestation and
additional features
Probable cause Troubleshooting
The dosimeter does
not switch on The battery is discharged Charge the battery
No communication
between the dosimeter
and the PC
Damaged USB cable Replace the USB cable
The dosimeter’s
battery does not
charge
1 Damaged USB cable
2 Charging device is out
of order
1 Replace the USB cable
2 Replace the charging
device
2.2.3.2 At failure to eliminate the troubles presented in Table 2.2, or at
detection of more complicated troubles, the dosimeter should be sent for repair to
the manufacturer.

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2.3 Use of the dosimeter
2.3.1 Safety measures during use of the dosimeter
2.3.1.1 All works on the dosimeter use should be carried out according to
the requirements set out in the following documents:
"Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine" (NRBU-97). State hygienic
standards DHN 6.6.1-6.5.001-98,
"Basic Sanitary Rules of Radiation Safety of Ukraine" (OSPU-2005) DSP
6.177-2005-09-02.
2.3.1.2 The dosimeter’s surface contains no voltages hazardous for life.
2.3.1.3 The dosimeter meets the requirements of DSTU 7237:2011
standard in terms of protection against electric shock by 0 Safety class according
to GOST 12.2.007.0-75.
A special protective jacket is used to prevent accidental contact with
conductive parts.
Ingress protection rating is - IP67 according to GOST 14254-96.
2.3.1.4 The dosimeter meets the requirements of GOST 12.1.004-91,
GOST 12.2.007.0-75 of fire safety.
2.3.1.5 Direct application of the dosimeter is not dangerous for personnel
and is environmentally friendly.
2.3.1.6 In the event of contamination the dosimeter is subject to
decontamination by wiping its surfaces by a gauze swab moistened with a
standard decontaminating agent.
2.3.1.7 Disposal of the dosimeter should be performed in compliance with
the "Laws of Ukraine" On Environmental Protection" and "On Waste", by group 4
DSanPiN 2.2.7.029-99, i.e. metal is recycled or melted, and plastic parts are
dumped.
2.3.2 Operating modes of the dosimeter
The dosimeter has the following modes:
- Switching on/off (2.3.3.1 - 2.3.3.2);
- DER measurement and indication by gamma and neutron channels
(2.3.3.3);
- Intensity histograms display by gamma and neutron channels (2.3.3.4);
- Setting up the dosimeter (2.3.3.5);
- Mode of data communication with PC (2.3.3.6).
2.3.2.1 A joystick with a central button (according to Figure 1) is used to
manage operation of the dosimeter.
Use the joystick to change the operating modes of the dosimeter, its
settings, and navigate the menu. The central button serves to save the settings,
confirm the entered data, recalibration and switching on/off the dosimeter.

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2.3.2.2 A graphical color display is used to control the dosimeter’s
operation.
2.3.2.3 In the process of operation the dosimeter generates the following
vibration-sound and light signals.
2.3.2.3.1 Vibration and sound signals:
"Quantum" - a sequence of short beeps that indicate to the intensity of
registered gamma quanta or neutrons. Signal frequency is proportional to the
count rate of gamma rays or neutrons. Signal "Quantum" can be enabled or
disabled only in the mode of the intensity histogram display by gamma and
neutron channels.
"Sigma threshold level exceeding" - periodic light, sound and/or vibration
signals that indicate to the exceeding of the intensity threshold of gamma quanta
count or conventional neutrons threshold level.
"Safety threshold level exceeding" - periodic light, sound and/or
vibration signals generated when the measured value of gamma radiation DER is
higher than the safety threshold level.
"Low battery" - periodic light, sound and/or vibration signals that indicate
to a significant discharge of the dosimeter’s battery. These signals can be
completely disabled.
"Turning the dosimeter on/off" - polytonic sound, vibration and light
signals, which indicate that the dosimeter was switched on or off. These signals
can be completely disabled.
"Key tone" - sound and/or vibration signals generated when there was
some manipulation with the dosimeter’s controls. These signals can be completely
disabled.
2.3.3 Operation procedure of the dosimeter
The general algorithm of control of the dosimeter’s operation is as follows.
As soon as switched on, the dosimeter enters the mode of DER
measurement and indication by gamma and neutron channels, and starts
calibration by gamma background level and testing gamma radiation detector
efficiency. The duration of calibration is from 60 to 2 s depending on the gamma
background DER.
An icon fully filled with green color and no flashing
"background" inscription inside it indicate to the calibration completion.

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Notes
1 Calibration by the level of gamma background is done automatically
when the dosimeter is switched on as required by the user. Calculation of the
search sigma threshold level of the alarm is performed regardless of the operating
mode of the dosimeter.
2 For manual recalibration while in DER measurement mode, press and
hold "OK" button of the joystick for at least 2 seconds. The icon will
start filling once again, and the "background" inscription will start flashing.
The dosimeter features the mode of audio alarm of registered gamma
quanta or neutrons, which turns on and off only in the mode of intensity histogram
display by gamma and neutron channels. To enable/disable this mode, press and
hold "OK" button of the joystick for at least 2 seconds. For recalibration in terms
of intensity of sounding briefly press "OK" of the joystick.
Each short press of the joystick rightwards switches the dosimeter between
the modes in the following sequence:
- the mode of DER measurement and indication by gamma and neutron
channels (2.3.3.3);
- the mode of intensity histograms display by gamma and neutron channels
(2.3.3.4);
- the mode of the dosimeter setup (2.3.3.5), which contains the following:
• Display (2.3.3.5.1)
• Sound (2.3.3.5.2)
• Vibration (2.3.3.5.3)
• Light (2.3.3.5.4)
• Language (2.3.3.5.5)
• GPS (2.3.3.5.6)
• Measurement (2.3.3.5.7)
• Time and Date (2.3.3.5.8)
• About device (2.3.3.5.9)
By pressing the joystick leftwards, the dosimeter switches between the
modes in the reverse sequence.
Regardless of the operating mode of the dosimeter, the following icons can
be displayed in the top two lines of the display:
- display of the current battery status
- display of the current time
- display of the GPS-receiver status

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- display of the dosimeter’s internal memory overflow
- display of the alarm threshold level exceeding
- display of the gamma background calibration process
- display of the alarm status of gamma rays or neutrons counting
rate
- audible alarm status display
- vibration alarm status display
- light alarm status display
When connecting the dosimeter via the USB-cable to the PC (if the
dosimeter was switched on), it automatically switches off and proceeds to the
charging mode. Run the "Events Reader" SW and enter the correct password to
switch to the mode of data communication with the PC. After completion of
operation and exit from the "Events Reader" SW, the dosimeter automatically
turns off and proceeds to the charging mode until disconnected from the PC.
2.3.3.1 Switching the dosimeter on and entering the measurement mode
Hold down the central joystick button for at least 3 seconds to switch the
dosimeter on. Backlight of the graphical color display (hereinafter called the
display) shows that the dosimeter is on, and then it will display information about
the device and the producer’s trademark (Fig. 2).
If icon appears on the display when you try to turn on the dosimeter, it
means that the battery is completely discharged and it should be charged (2.2.2.2).
Note – Light, sound and/or vibration signals of the dosimeter switching-on
can be enabled or disabled with the help of the relevant items of the setting mode.
(2.3.3.5.2 - 2.3.3.5.4).
After switching on, the display shows the login window (Fig. 3).

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Figure 2 - Switching on the dosimeter
Figure 3 – Login screen
When you move the joystick up or down, choose one of the login options:
"User" or "Administrator" and press the central joystick button.
Operation in the "Administrator" mode is different in that you can modify
the dosimeter settings that directly affect its operation (thresholds levels of the
alarm triggering by gamma and neutron channels, as well as the time and date of
the device), therefore to enter the "Administrator" mode you must enter the
password provided by the manufacturer of the dosimeter (Fig. 4).
Figure 4 – Entering the administrator password
When you move the joystick up or down, choose the required number for
each section of the password and press the central button. Shifting between the
sections is done by pressing the joystick leftwards or rightwards. After pressing
the central joystick button, the dosimeter switches to the mode of DER
measurement and indication by gamma and neutron channels (2.3.3.3).