Epec 4W30 User manual

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Epec 4W30
MEASURING EQUIPMENT
NOTE!
Read this manual and observe all safety instructions.
Seinäjoki
Finland
Version 1.25 Keto 2L
10.9.2001

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 2
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 GENERAL............................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 6
1.2 EPEC Products ................................................................................................ 6
1.3 EPEC 4W30..................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Expressions...................................................................................................... 8
2 USER INTERFACE .............................................................................................. 10
3 FUNCTION........................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Initial Actions.................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Supposed Tree Harvesting Sequence........................................................... 14
3.3 Different Steps of Harvesting ......................................................................... 15
3.4 Volume Calculation (if diameter is in use)...................................................... 15
3.5 Special Situations........................................................................................... 15
3.5.1 Handling of a Dropped Tree................................................................ 15
3.5.2 Handling of a Branched Tree.............................................................. 16
3.5.3 Handling of a Tree Lying on the Ground............................................. 16
4 GRAPPLE FUNCTIONS....................................................................................... 18
4.1 Knives Open................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Tracks Open................................................................................................... 18
4.3 Back Knife...................................................................................................... 18
4.4 Urea ............................................................................................................... 18
4.5 Turn Left......................................................................................................... 19
4.6 Turn Right ...................................................................................................... 19
4.7 Feed Forward................................................................................................. 19
4.8 Feed Backward.............................................................................................. 19
4.9 Low Speed..................................................................................................... 20
4.10 Grapple Open............................................................................................... 20
4.11 Grapple Closed ............................................................................................ 20
4.12 Sawing ......................................................................................................... 20
4.13 Tilt Up / Down............................................................................................... 21
5 PRINTING............................................................................................................. 22
5.1 Pieces ............................................................................................................ 23
5.2 Millimeter Printout (Stem profile).................................................................... 23
5.3 Printout of Calibration Data............................................................................ 23
5.4 Piece Printout................................................................................................. 23
5.5 Number of Trunks (Printer not in use)............................................................ 23

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 3
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
6 PROGRAMMING OF PRESELECTIONS............................................................. 24
7 SETTINGS............................................................................................................ 26
7.1 Setting of Job Number (Resetting of data) (1)................................................ 26
7.2 Feed Method (2)............................................................................................. 26
7.3 Saw Max Pulses (3) ....................................................................................... 27
7.4 Saw Min Pulses (4)........................................................................................ 27
7.5 Basic Flow (K5).............................................................................................. 27
7.6 Sawing Output (K6)........................................................................................ 28
7.7 Low Speed Rate (K7)..................................................................................... 28
7.8 Feed Rate (K8)............................................................................................... 28
7.9 Overrunning Method (9)................................................................................. 28
7.10 Transfer of the Diameter Curve (Thin end and thick end) (10 – 11)............. 29
7.11 Setting of Date and Time (12 – 15).............................................................. 29
7.12 Advance Distance of the Diameter Measurement (16)................................. 29
7.13 Language (17).............................................................................................. 29
7.14 Diameter in Use (18).................................................................................... 29
7.15 Overrunning Distance (19)........................................................................... 30
7.16 Number of Trials in Automatic Feed (Seeking the measure) (20) ................ 30
7.17 Expected Braking Distances (21 – 25)......................................................... 30
7.18 Statistics (26) ............................................................................................... 32
7.19 Diameter Limit (27)....................................................................................... 32
7.20 Preselection Extender Button (28) ............................................................... 32
7.21 Factory Settings (29).................................................................................... 32
7.22 Butt End Reverse (30).................................................................................. 32
7.23 Trunk Counter (31)....................................................................................... 33
7.24 Length of Opening Pulse (K32).................................................................... 33
7.25 Saw Delay (K33).......................................................................................... 33
7.26 Feed Delays (K34)....................................................................................... 33
7.27 Pump Release Delay (K35).......................................................................... 34
7.28 Proportional Pump in Use (K36)................................................................... 34
7.29 Length of Search Pulse (K37)...................................................................... 34
7.30 Low Speed Feeding Pulse (K38) ................................................................. 34
7.31 Slip Prevention (K39)................................................................................... 34
7.32 Back Knife Delay (K40)................................................................................ 35
7.33 Urea Feeding Time (K41)............................................................................. 35

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 4
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
7.34 Urea Delay (K42).......................................................................................... 35
7.35 Reverse Pumps (K44).................................................................................. 35
7.36 Back Knife Type (K45)................................................................................. 35
7.37 Tilt Down (K46) ............................................................................................ 36
7.38 Tracks Delay (K47)....................................................................................... 36
7.39 Selection of Measurement System (48)....................................................... 36
7.40 Tilt Up During Feed Backward (K49)............................................................ 37
7.41 Additional Pressure During Sawing (K50).................................................... 37
8 CALIBRATIONS / TESTS..................................................................................... 38
8.1 Length Calibration.......................................................................................... 38
8.2 Pulse Range Calibration of Diameter............................................................. 39
9 POSSIBLE ERROR SITUATIONS........................................................................ 40
9.1 Nothing Works................................................................................................ 40
9.2 The Length Search Does Not Work ............................................................... 40
9.3 The Displayed Length is Not Correct ............................................................. 40
9.4 The Diameter is Not Displayed....................................................................... 41
9.5 Displayed Diameter is Not Correct................................................................. 41
9.6 Prevented Oversawing Does Not Work.......................................................... 41
9.7 Check of the Diameter and Length Sensors .................................................. 41
9.8 Sensor Voltage Control.................................................................................. 41
10 DIAGNOSTICS................................................................................................... 42
10.1 Outputs......................................................................................................... 42
10.2 Sensors........................................................................................................ 43
10.3 Switches....................................................................................................... 44
10.4 Cabin Outputs.............................................................................................. 44
10.5 Preselection Keys ........................................................................................ 44
11 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 46
12 LIST OF ERROR MESSAGES........................................................................... 48
13 TECHNICAL DATA............................................................................................. 52
ENCLOSURE 1 FACTORY SETTINGS (29)........................................................... 54
ENCLOSURE 2 DIAMETER CALIBRATION........................................................... 56
ENCLOSURE 3 NAMES OF TREE SPECIES AND WOOD TYPES....................... 60
ENCLOSURE 4 ENABLING THE EXTENDED PRESELECTION........................... 62

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 5
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
OTHER ENCLOSURES: Connection Diagrams (3 pages)
Head Module mounting instructions (1 page)
Terms of Warranty (1 page)

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 6
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
1 GENERAL
1.1 Introduction
The intention of this manual is to make the reader acquainted with the
properties and use of the Epec 4W30 2L measuring equipment. If you
read these instructions carefully and keep them in mind, you can more
easily utilize the system efficiently and thus increase the productivity of
the forest machine.
1.2 EPEC Products
The Epec products are control and measuring systems manufactured by
Epec Oy and intended for use in forest machines. The very newest
technology in this branch has been utilized in the design and
manufacture of these systems. We have paid special attention to the
reliability and accuracy of the function in exacting conditions and, in
spite of equipment versatility, easy operation.
The Epec products have been developed in close co-operation with
forest machine manufacturers, forestry companies and machine
contractors in order to improve the productivity of the tree handling,
measurement and harvesting.
The Epec products have very versatile properties. In spite of that, the
equipment has been made so easy to operate that every user is able to
utilize the properties completely.
1.3 EPEC 4W30
Display
Printer
(extra equipment)
Controlling switches and preselections
Programming wheel
Four wires
Cabin
module Head module
In harvester head
Bus and power distribution unit
HUB

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 7
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
Epec 4W30 is a system designed for control of the grapple functions.
There are separate control buttons for each grapple function (generally
in the control levers of the machine) for control of each function
separately.
The tree can be fed either automatically or manually. Automatic feed is
started by selecting the desired length via the preselection keyboard of
the measuring equipment. Then the tree will automatically be fed to the
selected length. Manual feed is carried out according to the sections
Feed forward, Feed backward and Low speed in this manual.
Epec 4W30 consists of three modules (display module, cabin module
and grapple module), bus distribution unit, preselection keyboard (PS),
programming wheel and control keys. The modules are interconnected
with a CAN bus. CAN bus (Controller Area Network) is fast data
transmission bus and it has high error immunity.
The preselection keyboard is either integrated into the levers or installed
very close to the control levers of the machine. The preselection
keyboard is used for selection of the product to be made (tree species,
wood type, length, tolerance and top diameter limit).
In order to achieve blameless operation it is important to read the
instructions for use carefully and to understand the meaning of the
different settings before starting to use the equipment. The length and
diameter must also be calibrated and all settings must be checked by
setting a reasonable value (if necessary) for each of them.
When the diameter is mentioned in this manual, it is supposed that a
diameter sensor is in use. If the diameter is not in use, the diameter
limits will not influence feeding to the preselected length.
NOTE!
Prefer not to switch the measuring equipment on until the machine is
running, since there can often occur disturbances in the electric system
of the forest machine in connection with start-up.

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 8
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1.4 Expressions
Harvester: Machine for tree felling, delimbing and
crosscutting. Harvester consists of base
machine, crane and multi-function head.
Multi-function head (grapple): Multi-function head (grapple) is mounted onto
a crane for tree felling, delimbing and
crosscutting. This part includes saw, feed
tracks, delimbing knives, gripping knives etc.
Preselections: Pre-programmed data (tree species, wood
type, length, tolerance and top minimum)
according to which the tree is crosscut into
pieces of the desired lengths and diameters.
Preselection key: Key used to make a certain preselection.
Automatic feed: Feeding to a certain length is started by
pressing a preselection key.
Control keys: Keys used to control the mechanical actions
of the grapple: for instance the sawing key.
Programming wheel: By rotating the programming wheel, the
cursor is transferred in the display and
adjustment values are changed.
Cursor: A rectangular frame that is moved in the
display by means of the programming wheel.
Display window: A graphical window forming a complete
whole, used for display and adjustment of
certain matters.
Upper menu: Icons at the upper edge of the display. The
cursor goes to the upper menu when
pressing the Cancel key. When the cursor is
around an icon and the Enter key is pressed,
a new display window is opened.
Display key: A square shaped frame appearing in the
display of the display unit. The cursor is
moved to this frame by rotating the
programming wheel.
There are two kinds of keys:
Adjustment keys: pressing Enter when the
frame is at the adjustment key activates the
adjustment. After that, the adjustment value
can be changed by rotating the programming
wheel.
Function keys: pressing Enter opens a new
display window or activates a certain function.
Enter key
(green button): Key for acceptance:
−When the cursor is on a display key,
adjustment or function is activated
depending on the type of key.

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 9
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
Cancel key
(red button): Key for cancelling a started function:
−If an adjustment key is concerned, the
adjustment is not accepted but the old
value will still remain valid.
−The Cancel key is also used for moving
the cursor between the upper menu and
the display keys.
Activation: When adjusting values, the adjustment is
activated by pressing Enter. Then a shading
appears around the control key in question.

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 10
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
2 USER INTERFACE
The user interface of the system consists of the control keys, the
preselection keys, the programming wheel, the Enter and Cancel keys
of the programming wheel, the graphical display and the symbols and
texts displayed.
In normal harvesting situations (when felling and crosscutting trees) the
driver controls the system by means of the machine control and
preselection keys.
The settings of the system are changed by use of the programming
wheel and the Enter and Cancel keys as well as the information seen in
the graphical display.
NOTE!
Operator can select whether the measuring equipment uses the metric
system (millimetres, centimetres, metres) or the imperial system (inches,
feet). The data is displayed as units of the selected measurement
system. The pictures in this manual are displayed in units of metric
system. For detailed information, see chapter ”7.39 Selection of
measurement system”.
MAIN DISPLAY
Upper menu
Length
Diameter
Preselection data
Info line. In this case it informs of short-
circuit or break in grapple output 2
Symbol of grapple closed
Epec 4W System
EPEC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Enter key Cancel key
Programming wheel Preselection keys

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 11
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
−The different display items can be selected by rotating the
programming wheel and by pressing ENTER key or CANCEL key.
−The preselection data can be changed by pressing the preselection
key in question to the bottom, then the frame jumps to the bottom line
and the data to be changed can be selected with the programming
wheel. Data can be changed, provided that the grapple is kept open
during the change.
−Switching between the different display keys or adjusting the value of
an active adjustment key is done with the programming wheel.
−The Enter key can be used for instance to open a new display
window or to activate an adjustment key for adjustment. There is a
shading around the active square, i.e. the lower edge and the right
edge of the key are thicker than the other edges.
−The Cancel key is used for switching between the upper menu and
the other display keys. Cancel is also used for removal of the
activation of an active display key.
−The Cancel key can also be used for cancellation of a printout. In that
case, the Cancel key must be pressed for appr. 2 seconds.
−Pressing the Cancel key for 4 seconds in the main display activates
the service mode, where all the parameters can be adjusted. The text
"SERVICE" is displayed on the bottom line of the display, when the
service mode is activated.
Not active display key
Active display key (shaded)
Symbol of grapple closed
Flashing indicates that sawing has not been carried out
Symbol of saw in outer position
Upper menu
By pressing the Enter key when the frame is on the symbol,
the display window is changed
Settings / Parameters
Test / Calibration
Pieces made / Printout
Symbol of grapple open

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 12
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
DISPLAYS
This chart shows the contents of the different displays. The arrows
indicate the displays that appear when pressing the Enter key at the
display key in question.
Main display
Settings Test / Calibration Printout
NOTE!
The printout window has
no display keys if there is
no printer connected to
the system
Test Length calibration Calibration of the diameter
pulse span

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 13
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
PRESELECTIONS
The preselections are pre-programmed data of the different types of
pieces to be produced. The preselections consist of 5 different data:
Tree species, Wood type, Length, Tolerance and Top diameter
minimum.
Tree species is the botanical name of the tree (i.e. fir, pine).
Wood type defines the use of the piece, for instance: if the pieces are
intended for manufacture of paper, the wood type can be PULP, and if
the pieces will be sawed to boards, the wood type can be LOG.
Length is the desired length of the pieces to be made.
Tolerance is the accepted deviation from the desired length.
Top diameter is the minimum acceptable top diameter (given in
millimetres).
When pressing the preselection after the sawing, the harvester starts to
feed the tree to the length of the preselection in question, observing the
crosscutting tolerance and the desired top minimum diameter of the
piece. If the diameter falls below the top minimum, the feed is
interrupted at the diameter limit.
The sawed piece is counted into the statistics of the preselection used.
The number of running meters and the number of pieces produced for
each preselection are added up. If diameter is used, the volumes are
calculated, and if trunk counter is used, the trunk numbers are counted
too (the trunk numbers are added always into that preselection, to which
the first piece of the trunk is made).
CONTROL KEYS OF THE GRAPPLE
The control keys of the grapple are used to control the grapple
functions. In order to ensure easy working, these keys are located either
in the crane levers or very close to them. More detailed information is
given in section "4. Grapple functions".
Tree
species Length Tolerance
Wood type
Top minimum
Active preselection

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 14
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
3 FUNCTION
3.1 Initial Actions
Before harvesting is started, the measuring equipment must be given
information of the motion range of the grapple by opening the grapple
with the key ”Grapple open” and then closing it with the key ”Grapple
closed”. If pieces with other dimensions than those included in the
system are wished to be produced, the preselection data must be
changed.
If harvesting is going to be started in a new working site or a new stand,
the pieces of which must be counted separately, the job number must
be changed. If the old data is wished to be saved, it has to be printed
out.
3.2 Supposed Tree Harvesting Sequence
The program of the measuring equipment supposes the trees to be
felled in the following sequence:
1. After the equipment has been switched on, the grapple must first be
used in opened and then in closed position, and the motion must be
of the right extent (the pulse range must be sufficient, look at section
"8.2 Pulse range calibration of diameter"), before the diameter is
displayed (if diameter is used). Measuring equipment will not
calculate the volume nor accept preselections, if the diameter is not
displayed. Thus, measuring faults are avoided. Even if the diameter
is not in use, the grapple must be opened and closed before the work
is started.
2. To grip a standing tree the grapple had to be opened and lifted up.
3. After the tree is sawed the grapple had to be lowered in order to feed
to the desired length.
4. The feed to the desired length starts when pressing the preselection
and, by continuous feed (look at section "7.2 Feed method"), also
after crosscut sawing (not after felling sawing). If manual feed is used
during automatic feed, the automatic feed is interrupted. The
automatic feed can be started again whenever wanted simply by
pressing the preselection key.
5. When the tree has stopped at the desired length, the tree can be
crosscutted and a new preselection can be made. The data of the
produced piece is saved in the statistics of the active preselection. If
trunk counter is in use, the trunk is added to that preselection, which
is active when the first sawing is carried out. The length value is reset
by sawing.

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 15
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
3.3 Different Steps of Harvesting
When starting to feed the tree to the selected length, the feeding is
accelerated so that the outputs "Feed forward 1", "Feed forward 2",
"Feed forward 3" and "Feed forward 4" are controlled on consecutively.
After each output has been controlled on, there will pass a settable time
delay (look at section "7.26 Feed delays"), before the next output is
controlled on. Thus "Feed forward 1" is controlled on àtime delay à
"Feed forward 2" is controlled on àtime delay, etc.
The measuring equipment selects, based on the distance to be fed, fast
speed, low speed or search pulses. All the feed modes are used, if the
distance left is more than twice the braking distance of the feed mode in
question. If for example the braking distance for fast feed is 200 mm,
the tree is fed with this feed mode, if the distance left until the desired
length is reached is more than 400 mm, otherwise the tree is fed by low
speed mode. The braking distance is the distance that the tree moves
after the control of the feed valves has stopped.
If there does not come enough pulses from the length sensors when
feeding during the slip prevention time (feed jammed), the automatic
feed is interrupted. When the slip prevention is zero, it is not in use (look
at section "7.31 Slip prevention").
3.4 Volume Calculation (if diameter is in use)
The diameter of the piece is measured with intervals of 10 cm while
feeding forward, and only diameters smaller than the previous one are
registered for volume calculation. When the piece is crosscut, the
volume is calculated based on the registered length and diameter
values. The tree must be fed from the butt end towards the top.
If the grapple has to be opened during the feed, the volume calculation
of that piece will be interrupted. The handling of this piece must be
started from the beginning by sawing a disk at the butt end.
3.5 Special Situations
3.5.1 Handling of a Dropped Tree
If the tree has dropped from the grapple, the volume calculation of the
tree is interrupted. Then proceed as follows:
1. Open the grapple.
2. Take the butt end of the tree into the grapple.
3. Saw a disk at the butt end.
4. Feed normally.

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 16
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
3.5.2 Handling of a Branched Tree
1. Saw the branches apart.
2. Open the grapple.
3. Take the butt end of one of the branches into the grapple.
4. Saw a disk at the butt end and feed normally.
5. Take the butt end of the other branch into the grapple.
6. Saw a disk at the butt end and feed normally.
3.5.3 Handling of a Tree Lying on the Ground
1. Open the grapple.
2. If trunk counter is in use, carry out felling sawing (lift the tilt up
and carry out sawing) to increase the trunk number.
3. Take the butt end of the tree into the grapple.
4. Saw a disk at the butt end.
5. Feed normally.

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 17
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 18
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
4 GRAPPLE FUNCTIONS
4.1 Knives Open
When pressing the key "Knives open", the delimbing knives are opened
and remain open as long as the key is pressed. When the key is
released, the delimbing knives are closed. If there are lock valves in the
delimbing knives, then delimbing knives are closed when sawing,
feeding forward or pressing the button "Grapple closed" is carried out.
4.2 Tracks Open
When pressing the key "Tracks open", the tracks are opened and
remain open as long as the key is pressed. When the key is released,
the tracks are closed. Also the back knife is opened and closed with the
tracks, except when the back knife is opened by pressing the "Back
knife" key.
4.3 Back Knife
−When the key "Back knife" is pressed, the back knife moves from one
extreme position to another. When the back knife is open and the key
is pressed, the back knife closes, and when the key is pressed once
more, the back knife opens.
−If the back knife is opened with "Back knife" key, it will be closed only
when pressing the "Back knife" key or the "Grapple closed" key. If the
back knife is opened with the keys "Tracks open" or "Grapple open",
then the back knife will be closed also when the tracks are controlled
to close.
−If the back knife is opened with the "Back knife" key and it has lock
valves, then the back knife is closed when sawing or pressing the
button "Grapple closed" is carried out.
4.4 Urea
−Urea is in use, if the urea feeding time (setting K41) is higher than
zero. Urea is activated by pressing the "Urea" key before sawing.
−Saw motor and urea pump are started simultaneously. After urea
delay (K42) the valve is controlled with pulses. After a certain number
of pulses coming from the saw position indication, the urea valve is
opened for the pre-set time (urea feeding time K41). Valve opens
again when sawbar has moved sufficiently (valve stays open if
enough pulses are coming from the saw position indicator before
valve is closed). This procedure continues until sawing is completed.

Instructions for use Epec 4W30 19
(C) Epec Oy Seinäjoki Finland
−If too much urea is fed, the feeding can be reduced by decreasing the
urea feeding time (K41). To same extent urea feeding can be
increased by increasing the setting.
−If there is not enough pressure in the urea pump (feed pressure is
low or feed is delayed), increase the saw delay (K33). Thus, the
pressure has enough time to rise.
4.5 Turn Left
The grapple turns to the left as long as the button is pressed down.
4.6 Turn Right
The grapple turns to the right as long as the button is pressed down.
4.7 Feed Forward
−When the key "Feed forward" is pressed, pump 1 starts and the feed
valves are controlled on, one after the other, with intervals according
to the pre-set feed delays (K34). Pump 2 starts, when the last
(uppermost) valve is opened. At the beginning of the feed, after the
first length pulse, the equipment gives a short control Knives open.
−When approaching the selected length, the feed outputs are switched
off step by step. First pump 2 is released and the uppermost valve is
closed. When the length has been reached, pump 1 is released and
the last valve (the lowermost direction valve) is controlled to close.
−When the tree has stopped, pump 1 starts again for the pre-set pump
release delay (K35).
4.8 Feed Backward
−When the key "Feed backward" is pressed, pump 1 starts and the
direction valves are controlled on with the pre-set interval feed delays
(K34). At the beginning of the feed, after the first length pulse, the
equipment gives a short control Knives open.
−When the length has been reached, pump 1 is released and the
lowermost direction valve is controlled to close.
−If necessary, the feed backward function can be intensified by lifting
the grapple (see chapter "7.40 Tilt up during feed backward").
−When the tree has stopped, pump 1 starts again for the pre-set pump
release delay (K35).