Fanfare FM FT-1 User manual

FT-1
ReferenceQuality
Digital /Analog
FMTuner
Owner'sManual
FMTM

CONTENTS
15APPENDICES ............................ ..............................................
14ServicingtheRemoteController ............ ..............................................
14InCaseofDifficulty ...................... ..............................................
13Specifications ........................... ..............................................
13WarrantyInformation ..................... ..............................................
12NoiseandInterference .................... ..............................................
12AntennaDownleadCabling ................ ..............................................
12GainandtheFMAntenna ................. ..............................................
11ChoosinganFMAntenna .................. ..............................................
10TypicalFMAntennas ..................... ..............................................
9ImprovingYourFMReception .............. ...............................................
9WhatisUNISETTM ? ....................... ...............................................
8TheFT-1'UndertheHood' ................ ...............................................
7FrontPanelandRemoteControllerFunctions . ...............................................
6OperatingtheFT-1 ....................... ...............................................
5RearPanelConnectionsandLayou
t
......... ...............................................
4SettingUptheFT-1 ...................... ...............................................
3DesignandConstruction .................. ...............................................
3FeaturesoftheFT-1 ...................... ...............................................
2WelcometoFANFAREFMTM ................ ...............................................
1Contents ............................... ...............................................
Page1

Welcometo
While FANFAREFM™isarelativelynewnameontheaudioscene,thephilosophyunderwhichitsmanagementoperateshasbeenapersonalcodeofethicsofminefor
years.Itisaphilosophythat,initssimplestform,assuresFANFAREdealersandtheircustomersthatwehavebutoneobjective...completecustomersatisfaction.
WealsorealizeyouhaveputalotoftimeintomakingthedecisiontopurchaseaFANFAREFT-1.Afterall,ithasbeenonlyduringthepastfewyears that FM has been
recognized asmorethanjustapartofthebackground.Today,ofthe5,000+FMstationsintheU.S. and Canada, more and moreare beingfoundtohaveremarkably
pleasingfidelity.However,ittookanFMtuner,liketheFT-1,torealizethefullpotentialfromthisexcitingdiscovery.
Forthatreason,FANFAREhastakenanactiveinterest,notonlyinthequalityofreproductiontheFT-1mustprovide,butinthequalityofthesignalthatleavestheFM
station.Therefore,inordertomakeFMstationsmoreawareofthegrowingaudienceofdiscerninglistenerswithgoodquality,FMtuners,suchastheFANFAREFT-1,we
havebegunaskingthemthefollowingsimplequestion.
"Howdo youknow howgood yousound, ifyou can'ttell howgood yousound?"
Inordertohelpprovideanaccurateanswertothatquestion,theFT-1hasbeenspeciallydesignedtoallowimmediateincorporationintoanyFMbroadcaststation's
monitorrack.Specificfeaturessuchas'CompositeOutput'andbalancedaudiooutputsfromtheFT-1allowtheradiostation'sChief Engineer, and anyone else in the
station forthatmatter,toaccuratelymonitorthequalityofthesignal'sfullaudiofidelity.Also,forstationsthatmustemploy 'repeaters' to distribute their signal into
poorreceptionareas,theFT-1isreadytoserveasabroadcastdemodulator.Thisprovidestheradiostationwithreliable,fullfidelityreceptionoftheirmainsignalfor
'originalquality're-transmissionattherepeatersite.
Soonyouwilldiscoverthat,unliketheatonalqualityofmanyFMtunersonthemarkettoday,theFT-1reproducesallthesubtledifferencesineachandeveryselection
beingplayed.Asamatteroffact,itdoesthissowellthatmanytimesduringourexhibitsIhavehadvisitorsaskwhichCDwewereplaying.And,Iwasjustdelightedto
say"That'snotjustaCDplaying,that'saCDplayingoverourFMtuner."
Finally,whenyouthinkofit,withalltheout-of-printselectionsandallthe'firstairplays'thatoccureverydayonFM,there'sawealthofmusicouttheretobeheard.
What'smore,it'sallfree!
ThankyouforchoosingtheFANFAREFT-1asyourFMtuner.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,commentsorcriticisms,I ambutaphoneor a FAX call away.
Enjoy!
FanfareElectronics,Ltd.
M. C. (Marv) Southcott
President
©1993-2004FanfareElectronics, Ltd.This manualmay notbe reprintedor copiedinany waywithout thewritten permissionof Fanfare Electronics,Ltd.
TM "Fanfare FM" and "UNISET"are trademarks ofFanfare Electronics, Ltd.
Page2
TM

FEATURESOFTHEFT-1
Designedtomeetexactingstandards,theFANFAREFT-1isahighlysensitiveFMtuneraugmentedbyexcellentselectivityandoffering a host of important features. Not
Nottheleastofthesefeaturesisclear,full-spectrumstereoreceptionwithexcellentsonicaccuracyandsoundstagereproduction.
FT-1featuresinclude;
)Infraredremotecontrolofallfrontpanelfunctions.
)8presetswithexclusiveUNISETTM programmingcontrol.
)Wide/narrowIFbandswitchingforbestselectivity.
)2position'DX'switchingforlongdistanceor'localonly'reception
)FastUP/DOWNmanualtuningin 50KHzsteps.
)Auto-seekmodetoautomaticallyfindlistenable stereo FM stations.
)Easytoread,fluorescentfunctiondisplay.(greenisstandard,butdisplayfilter(color)may be changed to suit system)
)Optional19"EIAor17"blackfaceplate(otherconfigurationsavailable.)(Maybereplacedonsite)
)Silent,push-buttoncontrolatboththeremotecontrolleroratthefrontpanel.
)Audiophilegrade,silver-plated,OFC(stranded) internal audio interconnects.
)3yearlimitedwarrantywithtransferabilityoption.
OtherFT-1features include;
)Noisereductioncircuitrytomaintainambientnoiselevelsbelowusualminimums.
)Twosets,unbalancedaudiooutputs(HIandLO).
)Oneset,balancedaudiooutputs.
)CompositeOutput(foruseinFMbroadcaststation).
)DetachableISE-typepower cord.
)Fullymodularcostruction(all circuit boards field-replaceable - nore-alignmentnecessary)
DESIGNANDCONSTRUCTION
TheFT-1isa'fullchassis'design,builtof16gaugesteelinordertoprovidemaximumrf shielding and to withstand the rigors of professional use. Yet its sleek,
understated,frontpaneliselegantenoughtocomplimentthecomponentrackofthemostappearance-consciousaudiophile.Thefaceplateisavailableintwowidths-19
inch(483mm)withEIArackmountingholes,and17 inch(432mm)withnomountingholes.FANFAREisalsostudyingthefeasibilityofmanufacturingfaceplates
withspecialfinishesandgraphicstomorecloselyco-ordinatewiththemorepopularbrandsofhighendcomponents.
ComponentsusedinthemanufactureofFANFAREproductsarethebestqualityandspeciallyselectedforuseinradiofrequencyservice.Themicroprocessorsectionis
manufacturedusingcomputergradepartsandhighreliabilityLSI devices. All push-button controls are reliability tested to rigorousstandards.
Page3

SETTINGUPTHEFT-1
Duetotheproliferationofaudio/videocomponentsnowcompetingforspacewithinmanyhomeentertainmentsystems,placementofthe tuner has become no easy
task.Therefore,ifyouhavenot alreadydoneso,takethetimetoplantheoverallsystemintermsofcomponentplacement;cablelengths,identification,serviceaccess
andyourownpersonalsafety.Atthesametime,takeamomenttoplantheintegrationoftheFT-1FMtunerintoyoursystem,taking into consideration its own special
installationrequirements.
PLACEMENT OF THE FT-1 TheallowabledistancebetweentheFMtunerandthelinestagepreamplifierdependsonthemethodoftrans-
mission.Useofgoodquality,balancedinterconnectswillallowvastdistances(100'soffeet).However,ifunbal-
ancedinterconnectsarebeingused,thelimitsaremorefinite.Ifthelinelevel(HI)outputsarebeingused,
distancesupto25feetmaybepossiblebutshouldbeconfirmedbeforemakingtheinstallationpermanent.Useof
theLOlevel,unbalancedoutputsmayrequireadecidedlyshorterrunlengthofperhaps36inchesorless.
Conversely,ifthepreamplifierisamicroprocessorcontrolled(A/V) type, being too close may invite airbornerf
noisetoenterthetuner.Itisalwaysprudenttotest-locateanFMtunerbeforeconfirmingitslocation.
CABLES AND CONNECTIONS Itisrecommendedthatyouplacethetunerinalocationconvenienttobeingseenvisuallyandbytheremote
controllerifmanualtuningisnecessary.Ifvisibilityisnotessential,placementshouldbewithinareasonable
distanceofthepreamplifierbutwellawayfromdigitalprocessingequipment,thepoweramplifier(s)andanyother
devicethatradiateselectromagneticwaves.
TheFT-1requires3cableconnections;(a)astereopairoflineinterconnects(b)acoaxialtype antennacable
and(c)anISEtypepowercord. Havingdeterminedwhattypeoflineinterconnectwillbeused(balancedor
unbalanced)andwheretheFT-1willbelocatedwithrelationtothepreamplifier,allthatislefttodetermineis
the physical lengthoftheinterconnectpair.
Onewaytoestablishtheidealinterconnect cable length is to simulate the run using a piece of zip wire (lamp
cord)orlightrope.Doingitthiswaywillensurethatallthecurvesthecableislikelytomakeinitsjourneyare
takenintoconsideration.Runthewireorropealongtheexactrouteyouwouldliketheinterconnecttotravel,
dressingitneatlyasyougoalong.Measurethewireorrope,thenadd6-12inchestoprovidesomeslackin
theeventyouhavetomovetheFT-1orthepreamplifierinandout.
Remember,insituationswhereanumberofcablesareinuse,asisusuallythecasewithA/V preamplifiers, there
mustbesufficientgiveinthewaythecablesareconnected.Thisissotheywon'tgetpulledoutbyothersrunning
alongsidetheminthebundle,shouldthepreamplifierbemovedinadvertently.
IMPORTANT: Inordertoprotectsensitivecomponentsinyoursystem(speakersetc.),alwaysturntheamplifierand
preamplifierOFF,beforeplugginginorunplugginginterconnectcables.
Theantennacable isonethatshouldberunonitsown,awayfromtherestofthecables,tolessenthepossibility
ofinducednoise.
Thepowercord, being detachable, allows you to substitute any good qualityISE type, moldedcableassembly
available,atwhateverlengthisnecessary.Tominimize possible interference through the power lines,
DO NOTCONNECT THE FT-1'SPOWER CABLE TO THE SAME OUTLET AS THE POWER AMPLIFIER.
POWERING UPWhenallcableshavebeenproperlyconnectedanddouble-checked,turnontheamplifier(s),thenthepreamplifier,
andfinally,theFT-1.Whenpowerhasbeenconfirmedateachcomponent,tunetheFT-1toalocalstation.You
shouldnowhearthatstation'sprogramming.
Page4

TheFT-1 REARPANEL
Thisis afused,power receptacleallowingthe usertodisconnect the ISEtypepower cordasnecessary. Theremovablefuse housingcontains
the0.5A systemfuse.There isalsoa compartment tohold a sparefuse.
ACPOWER INLET
These are XLR-type connections providing balanced, line level,audio output. Nominal output impedance is 47.5 ohms. (0dB into 600 ohms).
Connections: 1. GND; 2.(-); 3. (+)
BALANCEDOUTPUTS
Theseare unbalanced(RCA-type)connections providinglinelevel audio output. Nominaloutput impedance is47.5 ohms" "- HI
These areunbalanced(RCA-type) connectionsproviding an unamplified,lowimpedance, audiosignal directfromthe tuner'smultiplex filters.
AUDIOOUTPUTS -LO
Accepts a BNC-type connector. This output isprimarily for usein an FM broadcaststation. The Composite output from the FT-1 is adjustablefrom
2.5 -4.5V(peakto peak)which issufficientto drivemost modulationmonitors or FM exciters.
COMPOSITEOUTPUT
Accepts a standard F-type antenna coaxial cable connector.
ANTENNAIN (75 ohm) DESCRIPTIONCABLE DETAIL*CONNECTION THEREAR PANELCONNECTIONS
*Record thecable typeand lengthin theevent youhave toreplace itsome timein thefuture.
5.
1
2
3
1
2
3

OPERATINGTHEFT-1
APPLYING POWER TheFT-1shouldbepluggedintoanACpowersourcethatisnotusuallyturnedoff.Oncepluggedin,theunitmay
beoperatedeitherfromitsfrontpanelorfromtheremotecontroller.
TUNE UP OR DOWN Foruseifyouwishtomovequicklytoaparticularstationfrequency.(Scan MODE)
EnsurethatthetunerisinMONOmode("STEREO"indisplaynotilluminated).PressingandholdingdowntheUP
button willcausethedisplayedfrequencytoincrease.Similarly,holdingtheDOWNbuttondownwillcause
thefrequencytodecrease.
WhenthetoporbottomoftheFMbandisreached,thedisplaywillcontinuetotuneupordowninthebandfrom
thetoporbottom.Forexample,ifyoucontinuetopresstheDOWNbuttonafterthedisplayreaches"87.50"it will
beginagainat"108.50".And,itwillcontinuetuninginthedownwarddirectionuntiltheDOWNbuttonisreleased.
AsimilarreactioninanupwarddirectionwilloccuriftheUPbuttonispressedcontinuously.
Toreturntostereoreception,presstheSTEREObutton.
TUNE -UPOR DOWN EnsurethatthetunerisinSTEREOmodeandDXis'on'("DX"and"STEREO"showinginthedisplaywindow).
(SEEK MODE)PresstheUPorDOWNbuttonandrelease.Thedisplaywillbeginrangingupordowninthedirectionselected.It
willstopatthefirststationthatistransmittinginstereoandisbeingreceivedatasignalstrengthsufficient to
provideatleast50dBof quieting. It will stay tuned to that frequency until the UP or DOWN button is pressed
again.Tostoptheseek mode,presstheSTEREObuttontwice.
Note: Theseekspeedwillbenoticeablyslowerthanwhenitisscanninginmonomode.Thisisduetothefactthat
UNISET'sdigitalcircuitryiscontinuouslysamplingtheoutputfromthefrontendfor(a)astationthatis
transmittinginstereomode,and(b)atasignalstrengththatwillprovidefullquieting(50dBorbetter).Andit
mustdothisin50Khzsteps.
THE DXFUNCTION Thisfunctionisusefulinhelpingtocontrolstrongsignalsthataboundinurbanareasduetothelargenumberof
FMstationsthatareusuallyconcentratedthere.Whenthe"DX"symbolisshowinginthedisplaywindow,
theFT-1'sfrontendissetformaximumsensitivity.WhentheDXbuttonispressed,theFT-1's sensitivity will be
reducedbysome18dB. The lessened sensitivity will decrease the amount of incoming signal thereby reducing
thepossibilityofinterferenceandnoisecausedbystrong,localsignals.
PressingtheDXbuttonswitchestheFT-1alternatelybetweenDXandnon-DXmodes.TheDXsymbolilluminated
inthedisplaywindowindicatesthatDXhasbeeninvoked.
Note:DXshouldbeinvokedatalltimesexceptwhenreceptionofagivenstationisactuallyimprovedbyturning
itoff.ItisalsoessentialtheDXmodebeinvokedwheneverthe'Seek"methodoftuningisbeingused.
STEREO/MONO PressingtheSTEREObuttonwill alternatelyswitchtheFT-1between'stereo'and'mono'receptionmode.When
the'stereo'modeisinvoked,the"STEREO"symbolwillbeilluminatedinthedisplaywindow.
Note:When"STEREO"isdisplayeditisactuallyindicatingthepresenceof the19KHz stereo pilot signal being
transmittedbytheFMstation.Ifthestationisnottransmittinginstereo,theSTEREOindicator willnotbe
illuminated.
Page6

5.
8 4 1
23
6
5234
9
10
Indicates tunedfrequencyfrom 87.5through 108.5MHz in50KHZ(0.050M
FREQUENCYDISPLAY10
Indicatesrelative incomingsignal strength.[5 segmentsilluminated indicates
SIGNALSTRENGTH DISPLAY9
A
djustsstation frequency.Place in MONOmode andpress upor downbutto
n
reached. To automaticallyseek listenable stereo stations, place in STEREOm
o
holdthe buttondown). Thedisplay willstop atthe nextstation thatis being
r
stronger.To continuethe search,press theup ordown buttonagain. Repeat
u
WTUNE VUP TUNE 
DOWN
8
NOTUSED -- Thereis nofunction attachedto thisbutton atthis time.This fu
n
thebutton ispressed, The"AM" displaysymbol willbe illuminatedand aran
d
BANDbutton againto returnto theprevious display.
BAND7
Usedto storeor recalla stationand thedesired modesettings toaccompany
i
station to a preset.
PRESETS (1- 8)PRESETS(1 -8)6
Used to initiate the memorization of astation, along with configurationof all
preset. When the SETbutton ispressed, the "SET"symbol (5) illuminatesin
t
remain flashing for7 seconds.To program a preset, the preset buttonmust b
e
SETSET5
Switchesthe DXmode 'on'and 'off'.When DXis invoked,the "DX"symbol
itis notilluminated, thetuner's sensitivitywill beattenuated byabout 18dB.
DXDX4
A
llowsswitching between'wide' and'narrow' bandwidth.When WIDEmode
illuminatedin thedisplay window.When itis notilluminated, thetuner isin t
h
WIDEWIDE3
A
llowsswitching betweenstereo andmono modes.When inthe stereomode
,
windowwill beilluminated anytime asignal isbeing receivedfrom astation
t
STEREOSTEREO2
Turnspower onandoff totheaudio anddisplaypanel (6)circuitry.
Note:The rfcircuitry remainspowered atall timeswhen theunit isplugged i
n
POWERON/OFF1
DESCRIPTION
REMOTECONTROLLERFRONTPANE
L
No.
7
1
4
3
5
2
6
8
7.
FT-1Front Panel
FT-1Remote Controller

OperatingtheFT-1(cont'd)
WIDE/NARROW PressingtheWIDEbuttonswitchestheFT-1alternatelybetween'wide'and'narrow'bandmode.Indoingsoit
allowsyoutoswitchbetweentwolevelsofselectivity(IFBandwidth)inordertodealwithdifferingreception
conditionsthatmightbeoccurringwitheachFMstation.Undergoodsignalconditions,withnoapparent
sidebandinterference,thepreferredmodewouldbe'wide'. In'wide'mode,the"WIDE"symbolisilluminatedin
thedisplaywindow.
Ifinterferencefromadjacentstationsiscreatingareceptionproblemitisrecommendedthatyouswitchtothe
'narrow'mode.BecausetheFT-1hassuchexcellentaudioresponse,switchingto'narrow'bandisnotlikelyto
alterthefidelityresponsecurveinaparticularlynoticeablemanner.
Rememberthatyoucansetwhatevermodeyoufindusefulforanystationandsavetheentireconfigurationtoa
preset.Thatwaythestationfrequency,alongwithalltheprogrammingyoudidtoestablishbestreception,willbe
recalledalongwithit.
PRESETPROGRAMMING Whenprogrammingapreset,the desired station is tuned first. Then each of the subsidiary functions (STEREO, WIDE
orDX)isset.Onceyouhavedeterminedwhichpreset number (1thru8)towhichyouwishtosavethecurrent
settings,presstheSETbutton.ThewordSETwillbegintoflashinthedisplay.Inorderfortheprogramtobesaved,
thedesiredpresetbutton must be pressed before the SET symbol stops flashing (approximately 7 seconds). If you
donotmakeitintime,repeattheaboveprocedure.Yourprogrammingwillremainintactaslongasyoudonot
changeeitherthestationorthemodesettings.
THEFT-1 -'UNDER THEHOOD'
AttheheartoftheFANFAREFT-1FMtuner thedesignisanalog. Why analog? Primarily becauseanaloghasprovenitselftobethe'musical'choicewhencomparedwith
mostfrequencysynthesis(FS)digitaldesigns.Howthetwodifferisintheirwayofinteractingwiththesignalcominginfromtheantenna.InanFSdesign,a'blackbox'
producesthenecessaryfrequenciesinordertoconverttheantennasignals.Whilesuchaprocessisefficientandinexpensive,the resultant audio very often has an edge
or 'brittleness'toit.With analog,tuning is accomplished in discreet circuitryusingtunedcoilsandMOSFET solid state devices. Asaresult,moreofthemusic,alongwith
itsintrinsic andambientqualitiesismorelikelytobedistinguished.
However,thisdoesnotprecludethevalueofdigitalcircuitryasausefultechnologywhenusedinconjunctionwithawellco-ordinated analogdesign.TheFT-1'sunique
UNISET™digitalmicroprocessorisanexcellentexampleofsuchusefulness,andplaysaverycrucialrole intheFT-1's control system. As a matter of fact, UNISETTM acts
likeaverygoodprogrammanagerbymaintainingtuningaccuracyatalltimes,alongwithprovidingthenecessaryreliabilityforthecontrolfeaturestheFT-1offers.Asa
matteroffact,theostensiblytransparentexistenceoftheUNISET™monitorwithintheFT-1hasproventhatitcanactuallyenhance the already established smoothness
andinherentlymusicalcharacteristicof thetuner'saudiooutput.
Amorein-depthlookattheFT-1willshowthattherf stages are analog using high qualityvaractortuningdevicesandextremelysensitiveMOSFETrf amplifiers.
CouplingisprecisetomaintainmaximumsensitivityrightthroughtheIFstages.Boththefirstrfstagesandthelocaloscillatorcircuitarecontinuouslymonitoredbythe
UNISET™microprocessorfortuningaccuracy.Indoingso,theUNISET™ microprocessor reacts by adjusting the tuning instantly to compensate for any drift in the tuned
frequency.
Page8

TheFT-1- 'UndertheHood'
ThesignalthentravelsintotheIF(intermediatefrequency)stageswhereitisconvertedtoa10.7MHzIFsignal.Fromthereit is passed through the IF filter stages which
consistspartlyofhandselectedceramicfiltersinordertoprovidebestgroupdelaycharacteristic(allsignalsarrivingatthe decoder stage at the same time). The signals
arethensenttothestereodecoder wherethestereosignalbeginstotakeshape.Followingthatthesignalispassedthroughanother set of filters which clean the signal
ofanyextraneousaudioproductthatmightotherwiseinfluenceshapeandseparation.
Theaudiosignal isthendistributedwithonesetofoutputleadsbeingcapacitor-coupledtotheLO level,unbalanced,RCA-type, audio output jacks. The other set of
outputsfromthemultiplexfiltersissenttoahighquality,audiogradeamplifierstage.TheamplifiedL&Rsignalsarethendirect-coupledtotheinputofthebalanced
outputsPCBwhichprovidesbalancedaudiooutputsthroughXLR-type connectors. A set of leads is then direct-coupled from the (+) output terminals on the balanced PCB
totheHI(linelevel)RCA-type,audiooutputjacks.
Directcouplingispreferredoverthemoretraditionalcapacitorcoupling.Thisis,inpart,duetoamoreaccurate,lesscoloredrenderingof bassandmidrange.Itisalso
offersmoreconsistencyinmanufacturefromoneunittothenextbecausethereisnocapacitortocapacitorvariancetocontendwith. Finally, DC offset which is a great
concerntomostaudiophilesisatabsoluteminimum,ifpresentatall,asaresultofin-lineservocircuitry.
WhatisUNISETTM
Thetermreferstoaproprietaryprocesswithinthetuner'smicroprocessorthat;
(a)constantlysamplesthefrequencytunedforaccuracy.Shouldadriftofanymagnitudebedetected,theUNISET monitor instantlysends
thenecessarysignaltothetuningstagestobringthetunerbacktoitscorrectsetting.
(b) storestheindividualsettingsforeachofthe8presets for recall at any time.
(c) carriesoutasearchfunctionwhentheUP(V) or DOWN (W) TUNE button is pressed (in STEREO mode only) by sampling each
frequencyinsuccessionforastationtransmittinginstereoatasignalstrengthof55dB.Onceastationmeetingthesearchcriteria is
found,thesearchissuspended,thefrontend circuitisfinetuned,andthestationisheld.Atthatpoint,thestationmaybesaved to a
PRESET.ThesearchmayberesumedbypressingtheUP(V)or DOWN (W) TUNE button again.
IMPROVINGYOURFMRECEPTION
Perhapsthemostimportantcomponentinanyradioreceptionsystem,asidefromawell-designedFMtunertotranslatethesignal,is the antenna. As a matter of fact,
whenradiowasfirstintroduced,itwastheefficiencyoftheantennaalonethatdeterminedsignalstrengthandreceptiondistance. Now, modern receivers and tuners have
suchphenomenalsensitivitythatrelativelydistantsignalscanbereceivedclearlywithonlyasmall,indoorantenna.
However,suchanadvanceintechnologywasnotmadewithoutitsownformof'Catch22'.Towit,asthesensitivityofthereceiver was increasing, so was its
susceptibilitytonoiseandinterference.Surprisingly,alongwithindustrialdevelopmentandtheconcomitantnoisebeingradiated from its various electronic and
mechanisedprocessescametheproliferationofradiostations,therebyaddingtheirownformof'roux'toanalreadythickeningstew. Inevitably,thisbroughtaboutthe
needforshieldingagainstsaidinterference,themostefficientofwhichwasfullmetalcabinetry.Asaresult,theincreasedshielding has now denied entry to all but the
strongestofsignals.Hence,theneedforanantennawhich,whoseefficiencywearenowdependentontoprovideuswiththebestreception.
Page9