Fisher Research Labs TW82P User manual

TW-82 P
Operating Manual
DIGITAL LINE TRACER
WITH PASSIVE POWER DETECTION
Revision Level 0
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CONTENTS
Introduction ....................................................................... 3
Contents................................................................................4
Transmitter .................................................................... 5-7
Inductive Locating .....................................................7
Conductive Locating ..................................................7
Receiver ......................................................................... 8-17
Control Panel ...............................................................8
Standard Mode ....................................................... 9-11
Lateral Mode ......................................................... 12-14
Lateral Tracing Operation ............................... 13
Lateral Mode Programming ............................ 13
Passive Power Mode ............................................ 14-16
Auto Power-Down Receiver.................................... 17
Metric/Imperial Unit of Measure .......................... 17
Specifications .................................................................. 18
Warranty ........................................................................... 19
Accessories......................................................... Back page
2
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INTRODUCTION
1
3
The TW-82P Digital Line Tracer components include a
Transmitter, Receiver and Ground-Rod Assembly.
The TW-82P is an active single-frequency and passive power
current line tracer that is used to locate and trace buried
utilities using any of the following four tracing methods:
1. Conductive Method. With this method, the Transmitter
energizes the buried utility by making a direct electrical
connection to it with Conductive Tracing Cables. In most
cases, this method generates the strongest magnetic eld for
the Receiver to detect above ground.
2. Inductive Method. When a direct physical connection
to the utility is unavailable, the utility may be energized
indirectly by magnetically coupling an energizing current
from the Transmitter. Some prior knowledge of the utility’s
location is required so that the Transmitter can be placed
and oriented, on the ground, near the utility in the most
effective manner.
3. Coupling. In some cases a utility may be exposed, but
does not provide a direct connection for the conductive
tracing cables. The optional accessory coupling clamp can be
clamped around the exposed utility to magnetically couple
an energizing current from the Transmitter into the utility.
4. Passive Power. 50Hz and 60Hz electric current ows on
underground power lines and also on underground utilities
that are not power lines. In Passive Power Mode, the TW-82P
can detect this electric current using the Receiver as a stand-
alone instrument without need for a transmitter.
Never make direct contact with electrical or communication
lines that are in service. To trace such lines in service,
perform an inductive trace, either with or without the
coupling clamp.
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4
CONTENTS
Carrying Case
Ground-Rod Assembly
(Ground-Rod & Conductive Tracing Cables)
Receiver
Transmitter
6 D-cell Batteries
Operator’s Manual Calibration Certificate
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5
TW-82 P TRANSMITTER
TW-82P Transmitter
The Transmitter has two controls: & .
The button has a dual function:
1. When the Transmitter is powered on, switches
the device between normal (1/4 watt) and high (1.0 watt)
output.
2. With the Transmitter powered off:
A. Press-and-hold to program the Auto
Power-Down feature.
Successive presses of will show a ashing
battery indicator, followed by a blank screen or the
illuminated battery indicator.
• An illuminated battery indicator means
Auto Power-Down is activated.
• A blank screen means Auto Power-Down
is deactivated.
B. After you release , the transmitter
power will turn on.
With the Auto Power-Down feature activated, the
Transmitter will automatically turn off 60 minutes after
the last key-pad press by the user. This is a battery
saving feature. The Transmitter will warn of power-down
by switching ON and OFF as described on the top of the
following page.
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6
TW-82P TRANSMITTER
WARNING: Do not handle output leads unless power is off.
ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD: Servicing to be performed
by qualied personnel only.
NEVER connect conductive cables to an energized power
line.
Low Battery Power-Down Warning
When the Transmitter batteries are near the end of their
useful life, the Transmitter will warn the operator before
shutting down.
Five minutes before shutting down, the Transmitter will
alternately stop and start transmitting at approximately one-
second intervals. The operator using the Receiver, even at a
distance from the Transmitter, will notice the signal turning
on and off before the power turns off completely.
Accessory Output
1. Flip up the black protective cover to expose the
Accessory Output Jack.
2. Connect the conductive tracing cable plug for conductive
tracing.
When the conductive tracing cable is connected, Signal
Current will be displayed. The Signal Current Bar Graph
shows the quality of the connection.
Vertical Bars will illuminate to indicate the current
as follows:
mA indication 1 2 4 8 15 25 50 100 200
Actual Range (mA) 0.5-1.4 1.5-2.9 3.0-5.9 6.0-12.9 13.0-18.9 20.0-39.9 40.0-74.9 74-149 150+
Automatic Load Impedance Matching adjusts output to
provide full rated power over a wide range of loads (e.g.
utility types and conditions). It is tolerant of both dry
(high resistance) and shunted (low resistance) ground
connections.
The Transmitter has a built-in antenna for inductive
locating. When the Cable Jack is not connected, the inductive
antenna automatically engages and begins transmitting.
When locating inductively, the Signal Current Bar Graph
will not be displayed, as there is no conductive trace load to
be measured.
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7
INDUCTIVE LOCATING
Inductive locating is most effective with
the Transmitter straddling the utility as
illustrated, with the utility perpendicular to the
Transmitter’s batteries.
If the utility direction is unknown, place
Transmitter on the ground, power on,
and sweep the Receiver a complete
360º around the Transmitter, keeping
at least a 25-foot (8-meter) distance
between the Transmitter and Receiver.
If unsuccessful, move the Transmitter
to another location. When located, the
Receiver’s azimuth indicator will show the
direction of the utility.
In inductive mode, the Transmitter’s LCD
will not display Signal Current. When the
conductive tracing cables are plugged in, the
Signal Current display will illuminate.
CONDUCTIVE LOCATING
1. Place the Transmitter on the
ground and turn it off.
2. Connect the Conductive Tracing
Cables to the Transmitter.
3. Push the Ground Rod into
the earth at a 90º angle to the
direction of the utility.
4. Connect the red clamp to the non-
energized utility.
5. Connect the black clamp to the Ground Rod.
Be sure not to place the wires over any other
utility.
6. Turn Transmitter On.
7. With Receiver in hand, move at least 25 feet
(8 meters) away from the connection point.
8. Sweep the Receiver in a circle around the
connection point.
9. Using information provided on the display,
nd the areas that need to be traced and analyze the
situation in more detail to nd the buried utility.
TW-82P TRANSMITTER
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8
TW-82 P RECEIVER
TW-82P Receiver
CONTROL PANEL
1. Press-and-Hold to turn ON.
2. Press-and-Hold to turn OFF.
3. Choose Metric/Imperial unit of measure (see instruction p17).
Press to select volume settings
• In Standard and Lateral Modes, tap
the button to adjust volume:
1. Mute 3. Medium Volume
2. Low Volume 4. High Volume
• In Passive Power Mode, no mute is available.
Only volume settings 2, 3 & 4 are available.
Press to select from any of 3 modes
Adjust GAIN in Passive Power Mode
These keypads have no function in the Standard or
Lateral Modes.
Standard Lateral Passive Power
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TW-82P RECEIVER
STANDARD MODE
In this default conguration, the TW82P Receiver requires no
operator intervention to trace a line under most circumstances.
Only the volume can be adjusted in this mode.
The following values & conditions are displayed on the LCD display
in Standard Mode:
- Signal Strength
- Left/Right & Over-Target
- Azimuth
- Current Measure
- Depth
- Battery Strength
1. Signal Strength: Indicates your proximity to the center of the
electromagnetic eld emitted by the utility.
999: maximum value
0: minimum value
You may nd different locations
where the Signal Strength value is
high. Use this reading as a relative
indicator as to where the utility is
located. Signal Strength is strongly
inuenced by the depth of the
utility.
2. Left/Right & Over-Target: These indicators show your position
relative to the center of the electromagnetic eld.
Move to Move to You are over
the left the right the target
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TW-82P RECEIVER
Audio: When you move within a 45º angle of the center of the
electromagnetic eld, the audio pitch will change; the pitch
increases as you approach the utility. Outside the 45º zone, the
pitch does not change.
When the Receiver is directly over the utility, it goes silent. The over-
target indicator, •, also appears when the Receiver is directly over
the utility.
PITCH INCREASES
AS YOU APPROACH THE UTILITY
NO SOUND
DIRECTLY OVER UTILITY
CONSTANT
PITCH BEYOND 45°
CONSTANT
PITCH BEYOND 45°
45°
VOLUME DECREASES WITH DISTANCE FROM UTILITY
When you are standing to the right of the utility, you will hear
a constant tone, and to the left, a pulsating sound.
3. Azimuth: These rotational arrows indicate the utility’s path
relative to your position. The arrows will point in the direction of
the utility’s path as the Receiver is
rotated near a burried utility.
STANDARD MODE continued
4. Current Measure:
mA (milliamperes) of current
owing on the conductor.
Use Current Measure as an aid
for distinguishing utilities in close
proximity. The Current Measure
will generally be the highest on the
utility you are connected directly to,
regardless of the utility’s depth.
current
depth
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TW-82P RECEIVER
5.Depth:
The depth reading is only accurate if the electromagnetic
eld is perfectly round.
The electromagnetic eld must have enough energy for the
Receiver to accurately calculate the depth. The weaker the
signal strength, the less reliable the depth indicator. For this
reason, depth readings for inductively located utilities will
tend to be less accurate than conductively located ones.
The depth reading is a measure of the distance between the tip
of the Receiver blade and the center of the buried utility. When
the device is directly over a buried utility, as indicated by the
Over-Target indicator, depth will automatically be displayed in
feet and inches (meters if metric).
In general, the accuracy of any
depth measurement will be
inuenced by factors such as
proper azimuth orientation of
the device, eld strength and
the roundness of the eld. The
only 100% reliable method for
determining the depth of any
buried utility is to hand-excavate.
6. Battery Strength: When battery life declines to less than one hour
of operation, the battery indicator outline will be illuminated
with no segments. When the
batteries reach the end of their
useful life, the screen will go
blank and the battery icon will
ash before the Receiver shuts
off. Expect about 100 hours of
battery life from a set of high
quality D-cell alkaline batteries.
NOTE. Overhead Power Line
Interference: When the Receiver encounters an interfering
overhead electrical eld stronger than the eld from an energized
buried line, the Receiver will display zeros, “000”, for the Depth
and Current measurements.
In this case, the eld from the overhead power line is interfering
with the signal from the buried line you are trying to trace. You
may still be able to trace the buried line, but the accuracy of your
trace will be impaired by this interference.
STANDARD MODE continued
current
depth
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At some sites, utility lines branching off from a main line may be
difcult to trace using the Standard Mode. In
these circumstances, use the Lateral Mode.
At such sites, the signal from a main
line is so strong that it overwhelms
the single from a lateral line. In
this illustration, gas service
lines connecting to homes
from a main gas line may
carry far less current than
the main line. This weaker
current could be the result
of a lateral line that is
shorter than the main line,
or a lateral that is not well
grounded.
LATERAL MODE
TW-82P RECEIVER
When conducting a trace of the Lateral line, select LATERAL Mode
and walk parallel to the main line (as in the illustration below). You
must use Lateral Mode in this situation because in the Regular Mode,
you may detect the signal from the main line all of the way up to the
house, even with the blade of the Receiver parallel to the main line.
The Lateral Mode is
congured to ignore the
signal coming from the
parallel main line and
detect signals coming
from the perpendicular
lateral lines. The Lateral
Mode may still detect
the main line in very
close proximity, even
though the Receiver
blade is parallel to it. So
maintain a minimum
distance of 6 to 12 feet
from the main line when
tracing lateral lines.
Walk parallel to the
main line, holding the
blade of the Receiver
perpendicular to the
lateral lines.
LATERAL LINE
LATERAL LINE
WALK PARALLEL TO MAIN LINE
Blade is
perpendicular
to lateral line
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LATERAL MODE continued
TW-82P RECEIVER
Press to enter Lateral Mode.
will appear on the LCD display.
LATERAL TRACING OPERATION
While tracing a line using the Lateral Mode, the display will appear as
illustrated below. The SIGNAL number indicates the strength of the
eld emitted by the buried line. The buried line is located at the spot
where the maximum SIGNAL number
is indicated. If you move left or right
of the spot where the maximum
SIGNAL number is found, the value
displayed will fall.
Walk across the location of
the lateral line with the blade
perpendicular to the lateral line.
Programming:
While in Lateral Mode, press-and-hold to program:
• To exit Lateral programming, press-and-hold again.
• To set the upper limit of the signal range, press .
Each press of toggles through the program choices:
50, 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300
Set this upper limit just above the maximum SIGNAL strength
number that appears during your lateral trace.
The correct setting will make it easier to hear the peak in the
signal as you pass over the lateral line.
Set the number just above the highest SIGNAL number.
Examples:
If the highest lateral
SIGNAL number is: Set to:
137 150
159 200
310 300 (300 is the maximum possible)
Changes to this upper limit of the
SIGNAL RANGE are saved to memory.
Changing this upper limit is similar
to the gain adjustment on other line
tracers which use a peak mode of
operation. Set the number just above
the highest SIGNAL number, as
described above.
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14
TW-82P RECEIVER
PASSIVE POWER MODE
While the Standard and Lateral Modes use the 82kHz signal injected
by the Transmitter, in some cases it is desirable to locate buried
utilities by tracing electric power currents running through them.
Buried utilities may be energized by the electric power currents
running directly through them, current coupling into them as a result
of leakage from power cable faults, defective electrical loads that leak
AC power into ground connections or from cathodic protection on
metal pipelines.
The Passive Power Mode detects both 50Hz and 60Hz electric currents
as well as harmonics of these frequencies resulting from distortions
caused by electrical loads being served by the utility. Cathodic
Protection (at 100Hz or 120Hz) is also detected. This mode will usually,
but not always, detect underground AC power lines. It does not detect
voltage and will usually not detect a power line which is not delivering
current, i.e. one that is not under a load. The operator must use his
knowledge of infrastructure and each specic area being located to
interpret the character of each underground utility.
ABSENCE OF A DETECTABLE POWER SIGNAL DOES NOT
GUARANTEE THAT NO POWER IS PRESENT.
Among the important uses of the Passive Power Mode is to check
ground connections being considered for use as a transmitter
connection to do a conductive trace. Many “grounds” are in fact
improperly grounded and/or have substantial AC power
flowing through them due to defective installation or defective
loads. Ground connections should always be treated as though they
have dangerous voltage or current on them. If the Passive Power
Mode detects power current owing in a proposed ground connection,
it is usually advisable to use some other ground connection if
available. REMINDER: This mode does not detect voltage. A oating
ground with power voltage on it will probably not be detected. A
high-impedance AC voltmeter can be used to detect voltage provided
that another ground is available to measure the voltage differential.
Floating grounds with full line voltage on them can usually be detected
with a neon bulb line tester without the need for a second ground
connection; follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
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TW-82P RECEIVER
PASSIVE POWER MODE continued
Operating Controls
Press to enter Passive Power Mode
The display will appear as
illustrated to the right.
Press to increase gain.
Press to decrease gain.
Press again to exit Passive Power Mode.
Locating Procedure
1. Enter Passive Power mode.
2. Set gain at maximum, 100%.
3. If necessary, reduce the gain so that the Receiver is silent when
not over a detectable power line.
4. Walk forward, swinging the Receiver from side to side.
5. When a line is located, the Receiver will emit a raspy/buzzing
sound.
Note: Audible-search only. No visual indicators.
Passive Power detection relies only on audio feedback to locate
the utility. No indicators will appear on the LCD display.
Azimuth, depth and left/right guidance will not be provided.
6. When an audible signal indicates the detection of a utility:
a. Move left and right, sweeping beyond the range of the signal
each time as you sweep the Receiver.
b. Determine the approximate center of the signal, midway
between the right-most and left-most edges of the audible
signal.
c. Lower the gain as you sweep left and right of the approximate
center. This will narrow the search.
d. Continue to lower the gain to the minimum possible while still
detecting the buried utility with an audible alert.
7. With the utility pinpointed at one spot, move both forward and
backward to verify the direction of the utility.
8. If possible, follow the signal to a known access point, or origin, to
nd a connection point visible above ground.
9. If appropriate, use inductive or conductive modes to locate the
utility and verify the location of the utility.
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TW-82P RECEIVER
PASSIVE POWER MODE continued
SEARCH
IN A GRID
WALK WITH BLADE
PERPENDICULAR
TO THE UTILITY
UTILITY WILL NOT
BE DETECTED WHEN
THE RECEIVER
BLADE PASSES PARALLEL
Grid Search: To ensure complete coverage of the area, map out a grid of
intersecting lines covering the search area. Walk the grid at intersecting
right-angles. Power lines will be detected when the blade of the Receiver
is perpendicular to the utility. You will not detect the line when crossing
over parallel to a utility.
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Display during Programming
IMPERIAL
METRIC
AUTO POWER-DOWN, RECEIVER
When 90 minutes have passed without the operator pressing
any control buttons, the Receiver will automatically power
down.
• Lower left of the display will indicate “OFF”.
• Lower right of the display will count down from 10 to 0.
• The Receiver will then turn off.
To stop Auto Power-Down, press any button once.
METRIC / IMPERIAL UNIT OF MEASURE
To change the Receiver unit of measure, follow this procedure:
1. Start with the Receiver OFF.
2. Press-and-Hold for 6 seconds.
a. The Receiver will turn on in Standard mode.
b. After 6 seconds, the new unit of measure will indicate at the
bottom of the display.
c. If you continue to hold , the alternate unit of measure
will be displayed.
d. When you see the desired unit of measure, release . The
Receiver will commence operation using the last displayed
unit of measure.
TW-82P RECEIVER
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18
SPECIFICATIONS
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
Frequency .....................................82.175 kHz
Standard Mode............................. Automatic response
Lateral Mode ................................Programmable
Left/Right Guidance.....................Audible and visual
Azimuth Indicator........................Visual
Over-Target Indicator ..................Visual and audible
Battery Status.............................. Visual
Signal Strength Indicator............Numeric display & audible
Signal Current Measurement ..... Numeric display, automatic
Depth Measurement ....................Numeric display, automatic
Battery Type.................................Two D-cell batteries (included)
Battery Life .................................. From 80 to 130 hours, depending
................................................ on the volume setting
Weight, with batteries.................. 3.60 lbs
Passive Power............................... 50Hz and 60Hz detection.
................................................ Cathodic Protection detection.
Fisher Research Laboratory does not warrant suitability to specific use.
Fisher Research Laboratory shall in no event be liable for any direct,
incidental, consequential or indirect damages.
Output Frequency........................ 82.175 kHz
Output Power (nominal) ..............Normal Setting = 0.25 watt
High Setting = 1.0 watt
Conductive Tracing ...................... Normal Power: 2 to 8,000 ohms -6dB
Impedance Matching Range ...... High Power: 2 to 3,000 ohms -6dB
Inductive Tracing ......................... Normal Power: 15 Vm2
Magnetic Strength ..................... High Power: 25 Vm2
Battery Type.................................Four D-cell batteries (included)
Battery Life .................................. Typically 130 hours
.....................................................with high quality alkalines
Weight, with batteries.................. 4 lbs
Ingress Protection Rating............IP65 (stands up to water jets)
Operating Temperature Range....-4ºF to 140ºF (-20ºC to +60ºC)
Relative Humidity........................0 to 95% noncondensing
Shipping Weight (packaged)........17.5 lbs
Field Carry Weight, w/accessories .15.5 lbs*
*Includes Carry Case, Batteries, Ground Rod and Conductive Tracing Cables
ENVIRONMENTAL
................
.................
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QUALITY
Fisher detectors are renowned for their quality.
Each detector is handcrafted in the USA with pride.
PERFORMANCE
The worldwide underground utility industry relies on Fisher.
Our instruments are durable, dependable and locate deeper.
REPUTATION
Fisher produced the rst patented metal detector in 1931. For
over 85 years, the Fisher logo has been a mark of excellence.
2 - YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY
Proof of purchase is required to make a claim under this warranty.
NOTE TO CUSTOMERS OUTSIDE THE U.S.A.
This warranty may vary in other countries; check with your
distributor for details.
Warranty does not cover shipping costs.
According to FCC part 15.21, changes or modications made to this device,
not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance, could void
the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with FCC Part 15 Subpart B Section 15.109 Class B.
Not to be used with conductive tracing cables longer than 6.5’ ( 1.98 m)
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MTW82P Manual Revision # 0 101615
3-Inch
Coupling Clamp
– CCLAMP-3
Useful for in-service and
electrical power line tracing
when a metal-to-metal hookup is
not possible
5-Inch
Coupling Clamp
– CCLAMP-5
Useful for in-service and
electrical power line tracing
when a metal-to-metal hookup is
not possible
Hard Carry Case
– 1802050000
Shock absorbent protective hard
carrying case with contoured
foam insert custom made to
house the TW-82.
35” x 7” x 16”
Fisher Sonde Signal
Transmitter 82kHz
– SONDE-82.175
Small transmitter used to trace
the path of non-metallic pipes
and locate blockage in lines.
Sonde is inserted into a pipe or
duct by means of a push rod and
located using a Fisher receiver.
• Rugged Design
• Long Battery Life
• Outstanding Distance & Depth
Locate up to 15’ deep
• Operating Frequency: 82.175 kHz
• Weight 6.4 oz
• Length 6”
• Diameter 2”
• Battery Life: 70 hrs
• Operating Temperature
-20 to +60 C (4° to 140°F)
• End Cap Thread 3/8”-16 x 3/4”
Wide-Mouth Ground Rod
Assembly
– GROD-TW6-L
Heavy Duty clamp (1 1/4”
opening), with 6 1/2”grounding
rod.
TW-82 P ACCESSORIES
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