Fluke DDS Function Generator 271 User manual

®
271
Programmable 10 MHz DDS Function Generator
Users Manual
January 2005
© 2005 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
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271
Users Manual
LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and
service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs, and
services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of
a Fluke authorized reseller, and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries, or to any product which, in
Fluke's opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or damaged by accident or abnormal
conditions of operation or handling. Fluke warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance
with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non-defective media.
Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without interruption.
Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers
only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is
available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the
applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of
repair/replacement parts when product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.
Fluke's warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke's option, to refund of the purchase price, free of charge repair,
or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorized service center within the
warranty period.
To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return
authorization information, then send the product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty,
postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit. Following
warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke
determines that failure was caused by neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration, accident, or abnormal
condition of operation or handling, including overvoltage failures caused by use outside the product’s
specified rating, or normal wear and tear of mechanical components, Fluke will provide an estimate of repair
costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be returned to
the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges
(FOB Shipping Point).
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE
FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES,
INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.
Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not
apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other
decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other
provision.
Fluke Corporation
P.O. Box 9090
Everett, WA 98206-9090
U.S.A.
Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 1186
5602 BD Eindhoven
The Netherlands
11/99
To register your product online, visit register.fluke.com
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Safety
This function generator is a Safety Class I instrument according to IEC classification and
has been designed to meet the requirements of EN61010-1 (Safety Requirements for
Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use). It is an Installation
Category II instrument intended for operation from a normal single phase supply.
This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010-1 and has been supplied in
a safe condition. This instruction manual contains some information and warnings which
have to be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the instrument in a
safe condition.
This instrument has been designed for indoor use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment in
the temperature range 5 °C to 40 °C, 20 % - 80 % RH (non-condensing). It may
occasionally be subjected to temperatures between +5 °C and -10 °C without degradation
of its safety. Do not operate the instrument while condensation is present.
Use of this instrument in a manner not specified by these instructions may impair the
safety protection provided. Do not operate the instrument outside its rated supply
voltages or environmental range.
Warning
To avoid the possibility of electric shock:
• This instrument must be earthed.
• Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or
outside the instrument will make the instrument
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. The
protective action must not be negated by the use of an
extension cord without a protective conductor.
• When the instrument is connected to its supply, terminals
may be live and opening the covers or removal of parts
(except those to which access can be gained by hand) is
likely to expose live parts.
• The apparatus shall be disconnected from all voltage
sources before it is opened for any adjustment,
replacement, maintenance or repair.
• Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened
instrument under voltage shall be avoided as far as
possible and, if inevitable, shall be carried out only by a
skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.
• Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current
and of the specified type are used for replacement. The use
of makeshift fuses and the short-circuiting of fuse holders
is prohibited.
Caution
If the instrument is clearly defective, has been subject to
mechanical damage, excessive moisture or chemical corrosion
the safety protection may be impaired and the apparatus should
be withdrawn from use and returned for checking and repair.
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Note
This instrument uses a Lithium button cell for non-volatile memory battery
back-up. Typical battery life is 5 years. In the event of replacement
becoming necessary, replace only with a cell of the correct type, a 3 V
Li/Mn0220 mm button cell type 2032. Do not mix with solid waste stream.
Do not cut open, incinerate, expose to temperatures above 60 °C or attempt
to recharge. Used batteries should be disposed of by a qualified recycler or
hazardous materials handler. Contact your authorized Fluke Service
Center for recycling information.
Caution
Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it and in particular use
only a soft dry cloth to clean the LCD window.
The following symbols are used on the instrument and in this manual:
Caution - refer to the accompanying documentation,
incorrect operation may damage the instrument.
Terminal connected to chassis ground.
Mains supply OFF.
Mains supply ON.
Alternating current.
Warning - hazardous voltages may be present.
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EMC Compliance
This instrument meets the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
Compliance was demonstrated by meeting the test limits of the following standards:
Emissions
EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control and Laboratory Use. Test limits used were:
a) Radiated: Class B
b) Conducted: Class B
c) Harmonics:
EN61000-3-2 (2000) Class A The instrument is Class A by product category.
Immunity
EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control and Laboratory Use. Test methods, limits and performance achieved were:
a) EN61000-4-2 (1995)
Electrostatic Discharge: 4 kV air, 4 kV contact Performance A.
b) EN61000-4-3 (1997)
Electromagnetic Field: 3 V/m, 80 % AM at 1 kHz Performance A.
c) EN61000-4-11 (1994)
Voltage Interrupt: 1 cycle, 100 % Performance A.
d) EN61000-4-4 (1995)
Fast Transient: 1 kV peak (ac line), 0.5 kV peak (signal lines
and RS232/GPIB ports)
Performance A.
e) EN61000-4-5 (1995)
Surge: 0.5 kV (line to line), 1 kV (line to ground) Performance A.
f) EN61000-4-6 (1996)
Conducted RF: 3 V, 80 % AM at 1kHz (ac line only; signal
connections <3 m not tested)
Performance A.
According to EN61326 the definitions of performance criteria are:
Performance criterion A: ‘During test normal performance within the specification
limits.’
Performance criterion B: ‘During test, temporary degradation, or loss of function or
performance which is self-recovering’.
Performance criterion C: ‘During test, temporary degradation, or loss of function or
performance which requires operator intervention or system
reset occurs.’
Cautions
To ensure continued compliance with the EMC directive the
following precautions should be observed:
a) connect the generator to other equipment using only high
quality, double-screened cables.
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b) after opening the case for any reason ensure that all signal
and ground connections are remade correctly before replacing
the cover. Always ensure all case screws are correctly refitted
and tightened.
c) In the event of part replacement becoming necessary, only
use components of an identical type. Refer to the Service
Manual.
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Table of Contents
Chapter Title Page
Introduction and Specifications .................................................................... 1-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 1-2
Principal features........................................................................................... 1-2
Specifications..................................................................................................... 1-4
Waveforms .................................................................................................... 1-4
Sine............................................................................................................ 1-4
Square........................................................................................................ 1-4
Triangle..................................................................................................... 1-4
Positive and Negative Ramps.................................................................... 1-4
Positive and Negative Pulses .................................................................... 1-5
Multi-level Square Wave .......................................................................... 1-5
Arbitrary.................................................................................................... 1-5
Hop............................................................................................................ 1-5
Noise ......................................................................................................... 1-5
Modulation Modes......................................................................................... 1-5
Continuous ................................................................................................ 1-5
Trigger and burst....................................................................................... 1-6
Gated......................................................................................................... 1-6
Sweep........................................................................................................ 1-6
Amplitude Modulation.............................................................................. 1-6
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) ................................................................. 1-6
Start/Stop Phase ........................................................................................ 1-7
Trigger Generator...................................................................................... 1-7
Outputs .......................................................................................................... 1-7
Main Output.............................................................................................. 1-7
Aux Out..................................................................................................... 1-7
Trig/Sweep Out......................................................................................... 1-7
Inputs............................................................................................................. 1-8
Ext Trig..................................................................................................... 1-8
VCA In...................................................................................................... 1-8
Phase locking................................................................................................. 1-8
Clock In/Out.............................................................................................. 1-8
Sync Out.................................................................................................... 1-8
Interfaces ....................................................................................................... 1-8
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General .......................................................................................................... 1-8
2 Installation ........................................................................................... 2-1
Mains Operating Voltage................................................................................... 2-2
Fuse.................................................................................................................... 2-2
Mains Lead ........................................................................................................ 2-2
Mounting............................................................................................................ 2-2
3 Connections......................................................................................... 3-1
Front Panel Connections.................................................................................... 3-2
MAIN OUT................................................................................................... 3-2
AUX OUT..................................................................................................... 3-2
EXT TRIG..................................................................................................... 3-2
Rear Panel Connections..................................................................................... 3-2
CLOCK IN/OUT........................................................................................... 3-2
VCA IN ......................................................................................................... 3-3
SYNC OUT................................................................................................... 3-3
TRIG/SWEEP OUT ...................................................................................... 3-3
RS232............................................................................................................ 3-4
GPIB (IEEE-488) .......................................................................................... 3-4
4 General Operation............................................................................... 4-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 4-2
DDS Principles .................................................................................................. 4-2
Switching On ..................................................................................................... 4-2
Display Contrast............................................................................................ 4-3
Keyboard ....................................................................................................... 4-3
Principles of Editing .......................................................................................... 4-4
5 Main Generator Operation.................................................................. 5-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 5-2
Main Generator Parameters ............................................................................... 5-2
Frequency...................................................................................................... 5-2
Output Level.................................................................................................. 5-3
Output Impedance ......................................................................................... 5-4
DC Offset ...................................................................................................... 5-4
DC Output ..................................................................................................... 5-5
Symmetry ...................................................................................................... 5-5
Warning and Error Messages............................................................................. 5-6
The Auxiliary Output......................................................................................... 5-7
Auxiliary Output Phase ................................................................................. 5-8
Waveform Generation Options.......................................................................... 5-9
Square Wave Generation............................................................................... 5-9
Filter .............................................................................................................. 5-9
Auxiliary Output............................................................................................ 5-10
Frequency Stop.............................................................................................. 5-10
Trigger/Sweep Output................................................................................... 5-10
6 Sweep Operation................................................................................. 6-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 6-2
Connections for Sweep Operation..................................................................... 6-2
Setting Sweep Span and Markers ...................................................................... 6-2
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Contents (continued)
Setting Sweep Mode, Ramp Time and Source .................................................. 6-3
Frequency Stepping Resolution......................................................................... 6-4
7 Triggered Burst and Gate................................................................... 7-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 7-2
Internal Trigger Generator............................................................................. 7-2
External Trigger Input................................................................................... 7-2
Triggered Burst.................................................................................................. 7-2
Trigger Source............................................................................................... 7-3
Burst Count.................................................................................................... 7-3
Start/Stop Phase............................................................................................. 7-3
Gated Mode........................................................................................................ 7-4
Gate Source ................................................................................................... 7-4
8 Amplitude Modulation......................................................................... 8-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 8-2
Amplitude Modulation (Internal)....................................................................... 8-2
Modulation Frequency................................................................................... 8-2
Modulation Depth.......................................................................................... 8-2
Modulation Waveform .................................................................................. 8-3
VCA (External).................................................................................................. 8-3
9 FSK ....................................................................................................... 9-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 9-2
Frequency Setting.......................................................................................... 9-2
Trigger Source............................................................................................... 9-2
10 Special Waveforms ............................................................................. 10-1
Staircase............................................................................................................. 10-2
Arbitrary............................................................................................................. 10-3
Recalling Arbitrary Waveforms .................................................................... 10-3
Storing Arbitrary Waveforms........................................................................ 10-3
Noise.................................................................................................................. 10-4
11 Hop ....................................................................................................... 11-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 11-2
Setting each Waveform Step.............................................................................. 11-2
Defining the Sequence and Timing.................................................................... 11-2
Running the Sequence ....................................................................................... 11-3
Timing Considerations....................................................................................... 11-3
Saving Hop Settings........................................................................................... 11-4
12 System Operations.............................................................................. 12-1
Storing and Recalling Set-Ups........................................................................... 12-1
System Settings.................................................................................................. 12-2
Cursor Style................................................................................................... 12-2
Rotary Control............................................................................................... 12-2
Power Up Setting........................................................................................... 12-2
CLOCK IN/OUT Setting............................................................................... 12-2
13 Synchronizing Generators.................................................................. 13-1
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Introduction........................................................................................................ 13-2
Synchronizing Principles................................................................................... 13-2
Connections for Synchronization....................................................................... 13-2
Generator Set-Ups.............................................................................................. 13-2
Synchronizing.................................................................................................... 13-3
14 Calibration............................................................................................ 14-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 14-2
Equipment Required.......................................................................................... 14-2
Calibration Procedure ........................................................................................ 14-2
Setting the Password...................................................................................... 14-2
Using the Password to Access Calibration or Change the Password ............ 14-3
Calibration Routine ....................................................................................... 14-3
15 Application Examples......................................................................... 15-1
Introduction........................................................................................................ 15-2
Default Settings.................................................................................................. 15-2
Simple Main Generator Operation..................................................................... 15-2
Pulse Trains........................................................................................................ 15-2
Low Duty Cycle Pulse Trains............................................................................ 15-3
Multiple Pulses .................................................................................................. 15-4
Variable Transition Pulse Waveforms............................................................... 15-4
Slew-Limited Transitions.............................................................................. 15-4
Band-Limited Pulses ..................................................................................... 15-5
Pulses With Overshoot.................................................................................. 15-5
16 Remote Operation ............................................................................... 16-1
Remote Operation.............................................................................................. 16-2
Address and Baud Rate Selection.................................................................. 16-2
Remote/Local Operation ............................................................................... 16-2
RS232 Interface............................................................................................. 16-3
Single Instrument RS232 Connections ..................................................... 16-3
Addressable RS232 Connections.............................................................. 16-3
RS232 Character Set................................................................................. 16-4
Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes............................................ 16-4
Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes......................... 16-6
GPIB Interface............................................................................................... 16-6
GPIB Subsets ............................................................................................ 16-6
GPIB IEEE Std. 488.2 Error Handling ..................................................... 16-6
GPIB Parallel Poll..................................................................................... 16-7
Status Reporting........................................................................................ 16-7
Standard Event Status and Standard Event Status Enable Registers......... 16-8
Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register ...................... 16-8
Status Model.................................................................................................. 16-9
Power on Settings...................................................................................... 16-9
Remote Commands............................................................................................ 16-10
RS232 Remote Command Formats............................................................... 16-10
GPIB Remote Command Formats................................................................. 16-10
Command List............................................................................................... 16-11
Function Selection......................................................................................... 16-12
Main Generator Parameters........................................................................... 16-12
Sweep Parameters.......................................................................................... 16-12
Trigger and Gate............................................................................................ 16-13
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Contents (continued)
AM Parameters.............................................................................................. 16-13
FSK Parameters............................................................................................. 16-13
Staircase and Arbitrary Waveforms .............................................................. 16-14
Waveform Generation Options...................................................................... 16-14
Hop Commands............................................................................................. 16-14
System Commands........................................................................................ 16-15
Status Commands.......................................................................................... 16-15
Miscellaneous Commands............................................................................. 16-16
Phase Locking Commands ............................................................................ 16-16
Remote Command Summary............................................................................. 16-17
Appendices
A AC Supply Voltage Settings........................................................................ A-1
B DDS Operation and Further Waveform Considerations ............................. B-1
C Application Information Notes.................................................................... C-1
D Warning and Error Messages...................................................................... D-1
E Factory System Defaults ............................................................................. E-1
F Waveform Manager Plus............................................................................. F-1
G Front and Rear Panels.................................................................................. G-1
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1-1
Chapter 1
Introduction and Specifications
Title Page
Introduction........................................................................................................ 1-2
Principal features ........................................................................................... 1-2
Specifications..................................................................................................... 1-4
Waveforms .................................................................................................... 1-4
Sine............................................................................................................ 1-4
Square........................................................................................................ 1-4
Triangle ..................................................................................................... 1-4
Positive and Negative Ramps.................................................................... 1-4
Positive and Negative Pulses .................................................................... 1-5
Multi-level Square Wave .......................................................................... 1-5
Arbitrary.................................................................................................... 1-5
Hop............................................................................................................ 1-5
Noise ......................................................................................................... 1-5
Modulation Modes......................................................................................... 1-5
Continuous ................................................................................................ 1-5
Trigger and burst ....................................................................................... 1-6
Gated ......................................................................................................... 1-6
Sweep ........................................................................................................ 1-6
Amplitude Modulation .............................................................................. 1-6
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) ................................................................. 1-6
Start/Stop Phase ........................................................................................ 1-7
Trigger Generator...................................................................................... 1-7
Outputs .......................................................................................................... 1-7
Main Output .............................................................................................. 1-7
Aux Out..................................................................................................... 1-7
Trig/Sweep Out ......................................................................................... 1-7
Inputs ............................................................................................................. 1-8
Ext Trig ..................................................................................................... 1-8
VCA In...................................................................................................... 1-8
Phase locking................................................................................................. 1-8
Clock In/Out.............................................................................................. 1-8
Sync Out.................................................................................................... 1-8
Interfaces ....................................................................................................... 1-8
General .......................................................................................................... 1-8
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1-2
Introduction
This Programmable Function Generator uses direct digital synthesis to provide high
performance and extensive facilities at a breakthrough price. It can generate a variety of
waveforms between 0.1 mHz and 10 MHz with a resolution of 7 digits and an accuracy
better than 10 ppm.
Principal features
Direct digital synthesis for accuracy & stability
Direct digital synthesis (DDS) is a technique for generating waveforms digitally using a
phase accumulator, a look-up table and a DAC. The accuracy and stability of the
resulting waveforms are related to that of the crystal master clock.
In addition the DDS generator offers high spectral purity, low phase noise and excellent
frequency agility.
A wide range of waveforms
High quality sine, square and pulse waveforms can be generated over the full frequency
range of 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz.
Triangle ramp and multi-level square waveforms also be generated over limited
frequency ranges.
Variable symmetry or duty-cycle is available for all standard waveforms.
Arbitrary waveform capability
Arbitrary waveforms can be loaded via the digital interfaces and then used in a similar
way to the standard waveforms.
Up to five arbitrary waveforms of 1024 10-bit words can be stored in non-volatile
memory. The maximum waveform clock frequency is 27.48 MHz.
This facility considerably expands the versatility of the instrument, making it suitable for
the generation of highly complex waveform patterns.
In addition, numerous complex waveforms are pre-defined in ROM, including commonly
used wave shapes such as sin(x)/x, exponentially decaying sine wave, etc. Further wave
shapes will be added to the library in response to customer requests.
Sweep
All waveforms can be swept over their full frequency range at a rate variable between
10 milliseconds and 15 minutes. Sweeps are fully phase continuous.
Sweeps can be linear or logarithmic, single or continuous. Single sweeps can be triggered
from the front panel, the trigger input or the digital interfaces. Two sweep markers are
provided.
Amplitude modulation
AM is available for all waveforms and is variable in 1 % steps up to 100 %. An internal
AM source is incorporated. Modulation may also be controlled by an external generator.
Frequency shift keying
FSK provides phase coherent switching between two selected frequencies at a rate
defined by the switching signal source.
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Introduction and Specifications
Introduction 1
1-3
The rate can be set from dc to 50 kHz internally, or dc to 1 MHz externally.
Triggered burst and gated modes
All waveforms are available as a triggered burst whereby each positive edge of the trigger
signal will produce one burst of the carrier, starting and stopping at the phase angle
specified by the start-stop phase setting.
The number of cycles in the burst can be set between 0.5 and 1023. The gated mode turns
the output signal on when the gating signal is high and off when it is low.
Both triggered and gated modes can be operated from the internal trigger generator
(0.005 Hz to 50 kHz) or from an external source (dc to 1 MHz).
Waveform hop and noise
The generator can be set up to hop between a number of different waveform settings,
either at a predetermined rate or in response to a manual trigger.
Up to 16 different hop waveforms can be defined in terms of frequency, amplitude,
function, offset and duration. Duration is variable in 1 ms steps up to 60 s. The generator
can also be set to simulate random noise within the bandwidth 0.03 Hz to 700 kHz with
adjustable amplitude and offset.
Multiple phase-locked generators
The signals from the reap panel CLOCK IN/OUT socket and SYNC OUT sockets can
be used to phase lock two or more generators.
Phase locked generators can be used to generate multi-phase waveforms or locked
waveforms of different frequencies.
Easy and convenient to use
All of the main generator parameters are clearly displayed together on a backlit liquid
crystal display (LCD) with 4 rows of 20 characters. Sub-menus are used for the
modulation modes and other complex functions.
All parameters can be entered directly from the numeric keypad. Alternatively most
parameters can be incremented or decremented using the rotary encoder.
This system combines quick and easy numeric data entry with quasi-analogue adjustment
when required.
Fully programmable via addressable RS232 and GPIB interfaces
The generator has RS-232 and GPIB (IEEE-488) interfaces which can be used for remote
control of all of the instrument functions and for downloading arbitrary waveforms.
As well as operating in conventional RS-232 mode the serial interface can be used in
addressable mode whereby up to 32 instruments can be linked to a single PC serial port.
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1-4
Specifications
Specifications apply at 18- 28 °C after one hour warm-up, at maximum output into 50 Ω.
Waveforms
Standard waveforms include sine, square, triangle, dc, positive ramp, negative ramp,
positive pulse, negative pulse and multi-level square wave. In addition the instrument
provides arbitrary waveforms (arb) and pseudo-random noise.
Sine
Range: 0·1 mHz to 10 MHz
Resolution: 0·1 mHz or 7 digits
Symmetry control: 1 to 99 % (0.1 % resolution) from 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz.
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Temperature stability: Typically <1 ppm/ºC outside 18 to 28 °C
Output Level: 2.5 mVto 10 V p−p into 50 Ω
Harmonic distortion: <0.3 % THD to 100 kHz;
<–50 dBc to 300 kHz
<–35dBc to 10 MHz
Non−harmonic spurious: <–65 dBc to 1 MHz,
<–65 dBc +6 dB/octave 1 MHz to 10 MHz
Square
Range: 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz
Resolution: 0.1 mHz or 7 digits
Symmetry control: 1 to 99 % (0.1 % resolution) from 0.1 mHz to 30 kHz
20 % to 80 % (0.1 % resolution) from 30 kHz to 10 MHz
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Output level: 2.5 mV to 10 V p−p into 50 Ω
Rise and fall times: <22 ns
Aberrations: <5 % +2 mV
Triangle
Range: 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz
Resolution: 0.1 mHz or 7 digits
Symmetry control: 1 to 99 % (0.1 % resolution) from 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Output level: 2.5 mV to 10 V p−p into 50 Ω
Linearity error: <0.5 % to 30 kHz
Positive and Negative Ramps
Range: 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz
Resolution: 0.1 mHz (7 digits)
Symmetry Control: 1 to 99 % (0.1 % resolution) from 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Output Level: 2.5 mV to 10 V p−p into 50 Ω
Linearity Error: <0.5 % to 30 kHz
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Introduction and Specifications
Specifications 1
1-5
Positive and Negative Pulses
Range: 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz
Resolution: 0.1 mHz or 7 digits
Symmetry control: 1 to 99 % (0.1 % resolution) from 0.1 mHz to 30 kHz
20 to 80 % (0.1 % resolution) from 30 kHz to 10 MHz
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Output level: 2.5 mV to 10 V p-p into 50 Ω
Rise and fall times: <22 ns
Aberrations: <5 % +2 mV
Multi-level Square Wave
Maximum of 16 steps of discrete amplitude (10 bit resolution) and duration (1 to 1024
samples). Allows generation of three-level square wave, staircase, multiplexed LCD
driver signals, etc.
Range: All waveform points are continuously output up to
approximately 27 kHz, above which sampling will introduce
an uncertainty of 1 clock edge (1 clock = 36 ns).
Output level: 5 mV to 20 V p-p into an open circuit.
Rise and fall times: <22 ns
Arbitrary
A number of frequently required waveforms are pre-programmed in the internal read-
only memory (ROM). Waveforms may also be downloaded via the RS232 or GPIB
interfaces and stored in the internal non-volatile random-access memory (RAM).
Frequency range: 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz
Waveform points are continuously output up to
approximately 27 kHz, above which they are sampled.
Output level: 5 mV to 20 V p-p into an open circuit.
Sampling frequency: 27.48 MHz
Number of samples: 1024
Sample levels: 1024 (10 bits)
Hop
Up to 16 different waveforms can be output in sequence at a rate determined by either the
internal timer, an external trigger a remote command, or from the keyboard. Each
waveform can be set to any wave shape (except noise), frequency, amplitude and offset.
Frequency-only changes are phase-continuous.
Noise
White noise output with a typical -3 dB bandwidth of 0.03 Hz to 700 kHz. Amplitude and
offset are adjustable. Noise can only be used with gated and AM modes.
Modulation Modes
Continuous
Continuous cycles of the selected waveform are output at the programmed frequency.
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1-6
Trigger and burst
Phase-coherent signal keying: each positive edge of the trigger signal will produce one
burst of the carrier, starting and stopping at the phase angle specified by the start/stop
phase setting.
Carrier frequency: 0.1 mHz to >1 MHz
Carrier waveforms: All
Number of cycles: 1 to 1023 (resolution 1 cycle)
or 0.5 to 511.5 (resolution 0.5 cycle).
Trigger repetition rate: dc to 50 kHz internal, dc to 1 MHz external.
Source: Manual (front panel key), internal trigger generator, external
signal or remote interface.
Gated
Non-phase coherent signal keying: the output carrier wave is on while the gate signal is
high and off while it is low.
Carrier frequency: From 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz.
Carrier waveforms: All
Trigger repetition rate: dc to 50 kHz internal, dc to 1 MHz external.
Gate signal source: Manual (front panel key), internal trigger generator, external
signal or remote interface.
Sweep
Carrier waveforms: All
Sweep modes: Linear or logarithmic, single or continuous.
Sweep width: From 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz in one range. Phase continuous.
Start and stop frequency may be set independently.
Sweep time: 10 ms to 999 s with 3 digit resolution.
Markers: Two, variable during sweep, available at the rear panel
socket.
Sweep trigger source: The sweep may be free run or triggered manually (front
panel key), by an external signal or through a remote
interface.
Amplitude Modulation
Carrier frequency: From 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz.
Carrier waveforms: All.
Depth: Variable 0 to 100% typical, resolution 1 %.
Internal source: 1 kHz fixed sine wave or 0.005 Hz to 50 kHz square wave.
External: See VCA In below.
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Phase coherent switching between two selected frequencies at a rate defined by the
switching signal source.
Carrier frequency: From 0.1 mHz to 10 MHz.
Carrier waveforms: All.
Switch repetition rate: dc to 50 kHz internal, dc to 1 MHz external.
Switching signal source: Manual (front panel key), internal trigger generator, external
signal or remote interface.
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Introduction and Specifications
Specifications 1
1-7
Start/Stop Phase
The phase relationship between the MAIN OUT and AUX OUT sockets is determined by
the start/stop phase setting.
Carrier frequency: 0.1 mHz to >1 MHz.
Carrier waveforms: All.
Range: -360 to +360 degrees.
Resolution: 1 degree.
Accuracy: Typically 1 degree to 30 kHz.
Trigger Generator
Internal source 0.005 Hz to 50 kHz square wave, adjustable in 20 µs steps with 3 digit
resolution. Available for external use from a rear panel socket.
Outputs
Main Output
Output Impedance: 50 Ωor 600 Ω
Amplitude: 5 mV to 20 V p-p into an open circuit,
2.5 mV to 10V p-p into 50 Ω/600 Ω.
Output can be specified as VhiZ (open circuit value) or V
(voltage into characteristic impedance) in p-p, r.m.s. or dBm.
Amplitude accuracy: ±3 % ±1 mV at 1 kHz into 50 Ω/600 Ω.
Amplitude flatness: ±0.2 dB to 500 kHz; ±1 dB to 10 MHz.
DC offset range: ±10 V. The dc offset plus signal peak is limited to ±10 V
from 50 Ω/600 Ω.
DC offset accuracy: typically ±3 % ±10 mV, unattenuated.
Resolution: 3 digits for both amplitude and dc offset.
Pulse aberrations: <5 % + 2 mV.
Aux Out
CMOS/TTL levels with symmetry and frequency of main output. The phase relationship
between MAIN OUT and AUX OUT is determined by the start/stop phase setting.
Trig/Sweep Out
The function of this output is automatically determined by the generator operating mode.
Except in sweep and hop modes the output is that of the internal trigger generator, a fixed
amplitude square wave, the frequency of which is set in the trig or gate menu.
The rising edge of the trigger generator initiates trigger, gate and burst modes.
In sweep mode the output is a 3-level waveform, changing from high (4 V) to low (0 V)
at the start of the sweep, with narrow 1 V pulses at marker points.
In hop mode the output goes low on entry to each waveform step and high after the new
frequency and wave shape of that step have been set.
Output impedance is 1 kΩ.
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271
Users Manual
1-8
Inputs
Ext Trig
Frequency range: dc to 1 MHz.
Signal range: Threshold nominally TTL level; maximum input ±10 V.
Minimum pulse width: 50 ns for trigger, gate and FSK modes;
1 ms for sweep and hop modes.
Input impedance: 10 kΩ
VCA In
Frequency range: DC - 100 kHz.
Signal range: 2.5 V for 100% level change at maximum output.
Input impedance: typically 6 kΩ.
Phase locking
The signals from these sockets are used to phase lock two or more generators.
Clock In/Out
TTL/CMOS threshold level as an input.
Output logic levels nominally 1 V and 4 V from typically 50 Ωas an output.
Sync Out
TTL/CMOS logic levels from typically 50 Ω.
Interfaces
Full remote control facilities are available through the RS232 or GPIB interfaces.
RS232: Variable Baud rate, 9600 Baud maximum. 9-pin D-
connector.
As well as operating in a conventional RS232 mode the
interface can be operated in addressable mode whereby up to
32 instruments can be addressed from one RS232 port.
GPIB (IEEE-488): Conforms with IEEE488.1 and IEEE488.2
General
Display: 20 character x 4 row alphanumeric LCD.
Data Entry: Keyboard selection of mode, waveform etc.
Value entry direct by numeric keys or by rotary control.
Stored Settings: Up to 9 complete instrument set-ups may be stored and
recalled from battery-backed memory.
Size: 3U (130mm) high;
half-rack (212mm) wide;
330mm deep.
Weight: 4.1 kg (9 lb)
Power: 100 V ac, 110-120 V ac or 220-240 V ac ±10 %,
50/60 Hz, adjustable internally;
40 VA max.
Installation category II.
Temperature range: operating: +5 to 40 °C, 20-80 % RH.
storage: -20 to +60 °C
Environmental: Indoor use at altitudes up to 2000 m,
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