Gardco EZ ZAHN Dip Viscosity Cup Series User manual

PU-G201 Copyright April 6, 1998 Rev: 128/13/19
316 NE 1st Street • Pompano Beach, FL 33060
Phone [phone] • FAX [phone]
www.gardco.com • email: [email protected]
Parlin Viscosity Cup
Standard Ford Viscosity Cup
I.S.O. Viscosity Cup
Din Viscosity Cup
Fisher Standard Cup
Standard Ford Dip Viscosity Cup
Mini Ford Dip Viscosity Cup
Mini I.S.O. Dip Viscosity Cup
Mini Din Dip Viscosity Cup
Fisher Dip Viscosity Cup
EZ™ ZAHN (ASTM) Dip Viscosity Cup
S-90 ZAHN Signature Dip Viscosity Cup
®
A BYK Instrument Company
EZ™/Zahn Dip Viscosity Cup
Instruction Manual
Calibrated Viscosity Cups Designed, Produced & Sold by
Paul N. Gardner

VISCOSITY
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]
CALIBRATED EZ™ ZAHN (ASTM) DIP
VISCOSITY CUP SERIES
• Oils used to standardize EZ™ Cups are produced and ISO certified
Quality Management System, comply with the requirements and
guidance of ISO 17034 and quality control is done from an ISO/IEC
17025 accredited laboratory.
• TheEZ™Cupformulaforeachcupoftheseriesmatchestheapplicable
ASTM formula in D4212 at the recommended calibration level.
• EZ™ Cups are compatible toASTM D1084 Viscosity ofAdhesives and
ASTM D816.
•Conversion table relating efflux time in seconds, to the nearest tenth
of a second, to viscosity in centistokes furnished with each EZ™ Cup.
• EZ™ Cup calibration is traceable to the National Institute of Standards
and Technology.
•Calibration and Certification procedures qualify under ISO/IEC 17025
as applicable.
• The EZ™ Cup is not matched by any other cup of its type, either with
respecttotheadvantageslistedabove,inhighestqualityofworkmanship
or in continuing quality control procedures.
• All stainless steel cup and handle.
•THE FINEST, MOST RELIABLE, CALIBRATED & DOCUMENTED
CUP ON THE MARKET!
Additional EZ™ Cup Advantages
3% GUARANTEED TOLERANCE
COMPLIES WITH & EXCEEDS ASTM D4212
DEVELOPED AND MANUFACTURED BY PAUL N. GARDNER (GARDCO®) EZ™ is a
Registered Trademark of Paul N. Gardner
• The EZ™ Cup orifices are machined rather than drilled to ensure
exact centering in the cup hemisphere base and a minimum of burr
formation. This ensures an orifice of specified length and a correct
symmetrical efflux stream.
• The EZ™ Cup support rods are offset from the side of the cup and
secured to the cup sidewall below the cup rim. This eliminates errors
due to test material drainage from support surfaces.
• The increased separation width of the support rods by over 20% and
the lowering of weld to the cup provide best possible conditions for
cleaning.
1

VISCOSITY
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
ThePOISEisthefundamentalunitofviscosity.
Itisadefinedmechanicalmeasurementofthe
resistance of a liquid to flow where gravity is
not a factor. 100 CENTIPOISE = 1 POISE.
However,gravityisthedrivingforce causing
liquid in a viscosity cup to flow through the
orifice.Ahigh density material will flow from
a cup in a shorter time than a low density
material of the same viscosity.
TheEZ™ Viscosity CupSeriesis a logicalandnecessary outgrowth ofthestandardization
studies on the Zahn Signature and similar cups for the promotion of this most popular type of
viscosity measuring instrument as a national and international standard. Not only has this
cup been improved with respect to earlier produced cups and designed to comply to the
requirements of ASTM D4212 but, in addition, each EZ™ Cup is furnished with a table
which permits conversion between efflux time in seconds to the nearest tenth of a second
to viscosity in centistokes. This table is particularly useful in determining efflux time in
seconds when viscosity in centistokes is known.
For those users who require documented certification of their measuring equipment, the
EZ™ cups may be ordered, at an additional charge, with a CERTIFICATE of CALIBRATION.
This document contains not only information on actual cup calibration with standard
oils traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology but in addition, this
certification also complies to conditions and procedures under the requirements of ANSI/
NCSL Z540 or ISO/IEC 17025.
The EZ™ cups are produced to very close mechanical tolerance in elaborate jigs and
fixtures. Such equipment not only ensures that each cup is correctly produced but also that
all cups are identical. All parts of the cup are of stainless steel except for the name plate.
The following table provides operating range specifications, cup midrange sensitivity and
recommended calibrating oils. Following this table are graphs and mathematical formulas
that relate efflux time in seconds to centistoke viscosity.
SPECIFICATION TABLE
Cup
Number
Seconds
Range
Centistoke
Range
Midrange
Sensitivity
(**)
Calibration
Oil Number/
Centistokes (*)
1 40 TO 60 10 TO 36 1.3 G-10/19
2 20 TO 60 19 TO 156 3.3 G-60/117
3 12 TO 60 64 TO 596 10.5 G-200/458
4 10 TO 60 79 TO 784 13.9 G-200/458
5 10 TO 60 161 TO 1401 24.2 G-350/878
(*) CENTISTOKE VALUES ARE NOMINAL - ACTUAL VALUES PRINTED ON LABELS
(**) STATED AS CENTISTOKES PER SECOND OF EFFLUX TIME
2Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
TECHNICAL INFORMATION (CONT'D)
The STOKE is defined as the POISE divided
by density (or weight per gallon times 0.120).
100CENTISTOKES= 1 STOKE. TheCENTI-
STOKE is the unit of reference in all viscosity
cup measurements.
Thegraphsattheleftofthispageandonthepre-
ceding pagerelateviscosityinCENTISTOKES
to efflux time in SECONDS for each of the five
cups of the EZ™ series. The graphs may be
used for determining the rough relationship
between these factors but usually reference
will be made to the table that is furnished with
each EZ™ cup which gives the relationship to
the nearest tenth second. If there is a neces-
sity to determine the relationship beyond the
rangeofthetable,themathematical formulas
shown on the graphs may be used.
The first of the formulas shown on the graph
is used when efflux SECONDS is known. As
an example assume 42.5 SECONDS in the
No. 2 EZ™ Cup. Multiply 42.5 by 2.80 and
the result is 119. Divide 747 by 42.5, which
is 17.6 and subtract this value from 119. The
result is 101, the CENTISTOKE value of 42.5
SECONDS efflux time from this cup.
Thesecondoftheformulasshownonthegraph
isusedwhentheCENTISTOKEvalueisknown.
As an example, assume 825 CENTISTOKES
in the No 5 EZ™ Cup. Square 825, which is
680625 and add 70115 for a total of 750740.
Takethesquarerootofthisvalue,whichis866
and add 825 for a total of 1691. Divide 1691
by 47.12 and the result is 35.90 SECONDS,
the efflux time value of 825 CENTISTOKES
from this cup.
3
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
NOTICE TO ALL GARDCO ZAHN VISCOSITY CUP USERS
Zahn Signature and the improved S90/Signature Series Dip cups do not meet ASTM Specification D4212.
Modifying these cups in an attempt to comply with the standards work of the ASTM, as well as others, would be
confusing to all users of these series. There would be no easy way of knowing if any particular cup was of the
original or modified version. In addition, due to the nature of the cups, it would not have been possible to obtain
exact agreement. Not all cups in the Zahn Signature and S90 Series deviate from the evolving standard by the
same amount - the range being from near compliance to a variance exceeding a factor of two.
ZahnSignature-S90cupswillcontinuetobemadeaslongasthereisademandbythosewhohaveestablished
their procedures with the use of this instrument. Manufacturing procedures have now been improved, including
calibration with oils traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to provide even greater
uniformity of this important series of viscosity cups and to ensure agreement with earlier production. Certifi
cation with compliance to ANSI/NCSL Z540 or ISO/IEC 17025. Tables are available which convert between
Zahn Signature - S90 and the new EZ™ cups of the same number, to the nearest tenth of a second, to assist
those who need to work with both established standards.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
1. Select the proper number cup to be used from the Specification Table, which is dependent on the expected
viscosity range of the material to be measured.
2. Ensure that the cup is clean and that there is no residual dried material in or around the orifice.
3. Adjust the temperature, if necessary, of the test material.
4. Completely immerse the cup into the material to be measured in a location free from bubbles or foam, hold-
ing the cup vertically by means of the stainless steel split key ring.
5. Measure and record the temperature of the material that is encompassed by the cup.
6. Hold cup vertically by inserting index finger into handle ring. In a quick, steady motion, lift the cup out of
the sample material, starting the timer when the top edge of the cup breaks the surface. During the flow
time, hold the cup no more than 6” above the level of the sample material.
7. Stop the timer when the first definite break in the stream at the base of the cup is observed.
8. Record the number of seconds of efflux time, temperature and the cup number. (Example: No. 2, EZ™ Dip
Cup, 35.0 seconds at 25.1°C.) As an option to the preceding step, refer to the conversion table furnished
with the cup and as indicated on the following page, determine the centistoke viscosity for the measured
efflux time in seconds and record this value and the measured temperature. (Example: 111.3 centistokes at
25.1°C.)
9. Promptly clean the cup unless it will be used immediately for a rerun of the same material. (Use a length of
nylon fishing line to clean the orifice.)
CARE OF CUP
EZ™viscositycups areruggedlyconstructedwith allpartsmade of stainlesssteel,except thenameplate,and
will give many years of satisfactory service requiring only thorough cleaning after each use. It is recommended,
however, that calibration of the cup be confirmed periodically, or if dropped or otherwise subjected to damage,
with the appropriate standard oil selected from the specification table. The listed viscosity value of these oils as
shown on the container label is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Guide for removing the G-series calibrating oil from Gardco Viscosity Cups
Any remaining material in the cup must be removed by flushing with a suitable solvent. Light naphtha, hep-
tane, octane, highly aromatic solvents, and or any other petroleum-derived hydrocarbon solvent can be used.
Varsol® is a commercial solvent that works very well for this purpose.
Completely dry the viscosity cup with a lint free cloth. Use a highly volatile solvent for a second cleaning as
since any remaining hydrocarbon solvents from the first process will evaporate quickly after the sample has been
flushed from the cup. Hypersolve, MEK and Alcohol can be used in aluminum cups and Hypersolve andAlcohol
4Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
Flow characteristics of the EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cups are very accurately defined by mathematical formula
relating them to the viscosity of standard oils which are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology. The formula for each cup in the series is shown on the cup graphs of prior pages. For convenience, the
formula for each cup has been solved for each tenth second within the normal cup range. Results are available
in table form as shown above and are furnished with each cup. They are also available in sets of five for the five
cup series.
Use the table as follows: Assume an efflux time of 45.6 seconds. Read down the left column to the 45.0 line
and then to the right on this line to the 0.6 column. The value at the intersection is 111.3 centistokes. The tables
may be read in reverse to find efflux time in seconds from a known centistoke value.
CONVERSION TABLE
BETWEEN EFFLUX TIME IN SECONDS AND CENTISTOKES
Copyright Paul N. Gardner Co., Inc.
for the stainless steel cups. Acetone is commonly used as the second solvent because of its high volatility and
its ability to dissolve traces of petroleum solvents and water.
In the third process a low velocity stream of clean air will be sufficient to evaporate remaining traces of any
volatile solvent. Be aware, avoid rapid evaporation of these solvents as this can cool the surface to such an
extent that humid air may be brought below the dew point, causing a film of water to form on the cup.
Varsol is a registered trademark of the Exxon Company.
5
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
TEMPERATURE
Most materials change in viscosity as a function of temperature. Those normally measured with
viscosity cups change in the range of 3% to 8% per degree Celsius change in temperature. Usually,
the higher the viscosity the greater the change. For acceptable accuracy it is necessary to measure
temperature at the same time that viscosity cup readings are taken. When many determinations are
to be made on similar products in the same viscosity range, it may be helpful to produce a graph for
converting measured temperature and viscosity cup efflux time in seconds to seconds at a specified
temperature, normally 25° Celsius.
There are three variables to consider: viscosity, efflux time and temperature. All three can be shown
on a graph with a family of curves as shown in the following example. Viscosity level is indicated by the
diagonal lines, increasing from the lower right to the upper left. Such a graph can be prepared for a
given material by taking readings with the EZ™ cup over a limited temperature range as shown in the
example. Within this limited range the plots of the obtained data will normally result in a straight line
such as the heavy diagonal line. Draw parallel lines as shown which represent different viscosity levels.
Enter on the graph the material represented and the EZ™ designation with cup number.
Use the prepared graph by plotting on it measured temperature and efflux time in seconds. At "A"
in the example these values are 26.0°C and 39.5 seconds. Read parallel to the diagonal lines to the
intersection with the heavy vertical line which is 25.0°C, the target temperature. Reading horizontally
to the left it is found that the corrected efflux time in seconds at 25°C is 41.5 seconds. Similarly, at "B"
in the example, it is found that a reading taken at 23.5°C, when corrected to 25.0°C changes from 40.5
to 37.5 seconds.
Compensating for a measured temperature near to, but not as specified, must be with caution. Even
within the limited range of ±2.0°C the variation of the viscosity with temperature may not be truly linear
and any thinning materials used to adjust viscosity may also change the rate of this variation.
E
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6Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
Viscosityof most liquids, including thestandardoils,aredependenton temperature. Efflux time in seconds
for the indicated cup-oil combination from twenty (20) to twenty seven (27) degrees Celsius is shown in the
graph. The cup may be checked with the indicated “G” oil with reasonable accuracy within these limits. For
best accuracy, the temperature of the standard oil should be 25°C. The standard oil value in centistokes is
printed on the standard oil bottle label. Conversion from viscosity to efflux time in seconds is by formula or
table which defines the characteristics of the cup. The applicable formula and table are furnished with each
cup by the Paul N. Gardner Company and authorized distributors.
STANDARD “G” SERIES OILS
Warning: Silicone fluids should not be used to calibrate viscosity cups. These materials change the interface between the cup surface and the test
material and therefore change the cup calibration. The following is taken from ASTM D445: Viscometers used for silicone fluids should be reserved for
the exclusive use of such fluids. Solvent washings from these viscometers should not be used for cleaning other viscometers.
Gardco produced viscosity cups are calibrated with standard “G” series oils. These standard calibration oils
prepared expressly by the Cannon Instrument Company for the Paul N. Gardner company are produced with
an ISO 9001 certified Quality Management System, comply with the requirements and guidance of ISO 17034
and the quality control is done from an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory.
Centistokes viscosity of these oils is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
These oils are available from the Paul N. Gardner company.
Shown in the graph is the viscosity cup number and the standard “G” oil used for its calibration. Normally,
cup calibration is at 25 degrees Celsius, shown on the graph by bold lines intersecting with the curve in the
circle. Graphs for all cups in the EZ series are included with each cup sold by Paul N. Gardner company.
G-60
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7
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
VI-EZ1 No. 1 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup with Conversion Table.................................
VI-EZ1C Certified No. 1 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup w/Conversion Table......................
VI-EZ2 No. 2 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup with Conversion Table.................................
VI-EZ2C Certified No. 2 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup w/Conversion Table......................
VI-EZ3 No. 3 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup with Conversion Table.................................
VI-EZ3C Certified No. 3 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup w/Conversion Table......................
VI-EZ4 No. 4 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup with Conversion Table.................................
VI-EZ4C Certified No. 4 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup w/Conversion Table......................
VI-EZ5 No. 5 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup with Conversion Table.................................
VI-EZ5C Certified No. 5 EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cup w/Conversion Table......................
VI-3803 G-10 Certified Viscosity Standard — Pint............................................
VI-3815 G-60 Certified Viscosity Standard — Pint............................................
VI-3821 G-200 Certified Viscosity Standard — Pint............................................
VI-3825 G-350 Certified Viscosity Standard — Pint............................................
VI-VCC Viscosity Cup Equivalent Wall Chart ................................................ FREE
EquivalentChartscoverGardcoCalibratedViscosityCupsandarebasedonconversionformulas
ofa type & withparametersas referenced in The EncyclopediaofPolymer Science & Engineer-
ing (Vol. 4, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). Standard oils traceable to the National
Institute of Standards & Technology were used in experimental development of these formulas.
Accessories
PU-G201 Instruction Manual EZ Series, includes Grid Set........................................
PU-G260 Set, 5 Conversion Tables — Zahn Signature and EZ Cups .......................
VI-EZC (Seconds Between Zahn Signature and EZ Cups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) NIST,
ANSI/NCSL Z540 or ISO/IEC 17025 Calibration Certificate.....................
VI-201901 Aluminum Carousel Stand w/ 5 hooks........................................................
TM-AX705 Ultimate Stopwatch, 1/100 Second ............................................................
TM-AX705/C Certified Ultimate Stopwatch, 1/100 Second, Traceable to N.I.S.T. ...........
TH-0482 Thermometer, Glass, blue spirit filled, 20° to 30°C.....................................
TH-16100860 Thermometer, Stainless 8" Stem, 25° to 125°F..........................................
TH-16100875 Thermometer, Stainless 8" Stem, 0° to 50°C .............................................
TH-36036-FC Platinum RTD Dual Therm/Probe (-76 to 500°F/-60 to 260°C) ..................
LA-2029060 Griffin Beaker, 600ml..................................................................................
The information contained herein, or supplied by us or on our behalf in any other manner is based on data obtained by our own
research and is considered accurate. However, NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED REGARDING THEACCURACY OF
THESE DATA, THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE THEREOF, OR THAT ANY SUCH USE WILL NOT INFRINGE
ANY PATENT.
This information is furnished upon the condition that the person receiving it shall make his own tests to
determine the suitability thereof for his particular purpose.
Viscosity Cups are non-returnable items. Subject to final sale.
8Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
9
These standard oils are prepared expressly by the
Cannon Instrument Company, an ISO/IEC 17025
accredited calibration lab, for the Paul N. Gardner
company and are produced in accordance with the
requirements and guidance of ISO 17034 and ISO 9001.
These standards provide the greatest possible
accuracy in viscosity measurements with Gardco
produced and calibrated viscosity cups. A list of “G”
Series viscosity standards is available for periodic
checking of these measuring instruments. See list on
following page.
PACKAGING - LABELING
All viscosity standards are packaged in sealed, dark glass bottles. Net content of each bottle is 0.47
Liter (1 Pint). The product label provides the Standard Name, Lot No., Termination Date, Viscosity in
Centistokes at 25.00°C (77.00°F)* and a statement that the standard “is prepared expressly for Paul
N. Gardner Co., Inc.” by the Cannon Instrument Company and that data on the standard is traceable
to the National Institute of Standards and Technology. A Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.D.S.)
accompanies each bottle of oil.
*With the exception of the Parlin Cups whose Viscosity in Centistokes is measured at 23°C.
USE OF STANDARD OILS
Recommended use of a standard oil to check the calibration of a Gardco produced viscosity cup is as
follows: Conversion formulas are either provided with the cup to be checked or are available for the cup.
IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS
Use of standard oils available from Paul N. Gardner are NOT recommended for use with cups
produced by other suppliers unless the conversion formula between centistoke viscosity and efflux time
as well as cup production tolerance for the particular cup in question has been furnished.
G SERIES VISCOSITY STANDARDS
FOR USE WITH
GARDCO VISCOSITY CUPS
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
10
*These are nominal values. For the actual centistoke value of the standard, refer to the value on the bottle label. **NOTE: The 8mm ISO Cup is not available in the Dip version. † Special temperature @ 23°C.
G SERIES VISCOSITY STANDARDS
The information contained herein, or supplied by us or on our behalf in any other manner is based on data obtained by our own
researchandisconsidered accurate. However, NO WARRANTYISEXPRESSEDORIMPLIED REGARDINGTHEACCURACYOF
THESE DATA, THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE THEREOF, OR THAT ANY SUCH USE WILL NOT INFRINGE
ANY PATENT. This information is furnished upon the condition that the person receiving it shall make his own tests to determine the
suitability thereof for his particular purpose.
Standard
Oil
Centistoke*
Viscosity
@25°C
EZ™
Cup
No.
S90
Zahn
Cup No.
Mini
Ford Dip
Cup No.
Gardco/
Fisher
Dip Cup
No.
Fisher
Standard
Cup No.
Std. Ford
& Std.
Ford
Dip Cup
No.
Gardco/
ISO & ISO
Dip Cup
mm
Gardco/
Din & Din
Dip Cup
mm
Parlin
Cup
No.
G-6 8.9 - - 0 - - 0 - - -
G-10 19 1 - 1 - - 1 3 - - G-20 35 - 1 - 1 1 - - - - G-3464 - - 2 2 2 2 4 - -
† G-35-P 64 - - - - - - - - 1
G-60 120 2 2 3, 4 3 3 3, 4 - - -
G-100 230 - 3 - - - - 6 4 -
† G-100-P 270 - - - - - - - - 2
G-200 450 3, 4 - 5 4 4 5 - - - G-350 880 5 4, 5 - - - - **8 - -
† G-350-P 810 - - - - - - - - 3
† G-J3000-P 10,800 - - - - - - - - 4
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
11
Efflux time to the nearest 0.1 second can be read from the conversion chart provided in this
manual or a formula can be used as follows:
Gardco EZ™Zahn (ASTM) Dip Cups...3%
Gardco S90/Zahn Sig. Dip Cups..........5%
Gardco Mini Ford Dip Cups..................4%
Gardco/Fisher Dip Cups.......................2%
Gardco/Fisher Standard Cup................2%
Gardco Standard Ford Cups ................2%
Gardco Standard Ford Dip #3 ..............3%
Gardco Standard Ford Dip #4 ..............2%
Gardco Standard Ford Dip #5 ..............3%
* With the exception of the Parlin Cups whose Viscosity in Centistokes is measured at 23°C.
1. Select the formula relating viscosity to time of efflux in seconds when viscosity in centistokes is
known.
2. Substitute the standard label value for centistokes for “V” in the equation and solve the equation.
The resulting value is design efflux (drain) time in seconds.
NOTE: This determined efflux time is for the standard at 25.00°C (77.00°F) only*.
3. Make a minimum of three determinations with the cup in question on the applicable standard,
adhering to the method of use prescribed in the product leaflet or in the applicable ASTM method,
and calculate the average efflux time.
NOTE: Pay particular attention to temperature at time of measurement. Use a thermometer that
can be read to the nearest 0.1°C or 0.2°F. Experimental results should NOT be compared against
determined design efflux time unless temperature at time of measurement was within ± 0.2° of
25.0°C or ± 0.4° of 77.0°F*. The standard oils change in viscosity between 3% and 8%, depending
on the viscosity of the standard, for each degree change in temperature from 25°C*.
4. Compare the experimentally determined efflux time with the design efflux time. If experimental
results were at 25.0°C or 77.0°F*, the comparison should be within the following limits:
MANUAL TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT
For the technician who does not have automatic temperature control equipment the following procedure
may be useful with dip type cups: If the oil to be used is below temperature, place the bottle with the
cap slightly loosened no closer than about one foot from an incandescent desk lamp. This will slowly
raise the temperature of the oil. When within about one degree of measuring temperature, transfer
the required amount of the oil to a glass container of sufficient height and diameter to accommodate
the viscosity cup. (Glass is recommended due to its low rate of temperature conductance.) Place the
viscosity cup to be used in the oil in the glass container so that it comes to the same temperature as
the oil and place a thermometer, preferably glass, in the oil which can also be used as a stirring rod. If
necessary to elevate the temperature slightly, simply hold the glass snugly in the hand while stirring the
contentsgentlyandobserving the change intemperature. Ifnecessarytolowerthe temperature, dipthe
bottom of the glass container for a few seconds in water that is 10 to 20 degrees lower than measuring
temperature and continue gentle stirring while the temperature slowly lowers. With a little practice it is
possible to make measurements very close to the target temperature.
Gardco/ISO Cups.................................2%
Gardco/ISO 8mm Cup..........................3%
Gardco/ISO Dip Cup.............................3%
Gardco/DIN Cup...................................3%
Gardco/DIN Dip Cup.............................3%
Gardco Parlin #1 Cup...........................3%
Gardco Parlin #2 Cup...........................3%
Gardco Parlin #3 Cup...........................3%
Gardco Parlin #4 Cup...........................5%
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
12
CARE OF STANDARD OILS
The viscosity standards available from Gardco are precision materials. They are accurate to within
0.25%ofthelabelvalueatspecifiedtemperature.Thisisamuchclosertolerancethanviscositymeasuring
devices normally available to users of viscosity cups. Therefore, there is no easy means of checking the
standard to insure that it remains at the value listed on the label except through very careful use of the
standard to insure its integrity. Included in this care should be making sure that any container used to
receive the standard, as well as the cup to be checked, the thermometer and any other stirring device,
be absolutely free of contaminants. Immediately following use, the standard should be returned to its
labeled container and capped. If there is valid reason to question the original value of the standard, it
should be replaced.
The below listed standards are used by the producer of Gardco viscosity cups not only to calibrate
the cups but also to certify such calibration under ANSI/NCSL Z540 or ISO/IEC 17025, compliant
with requirements and guidance of ISO 17034 and ISO 9001, which is available as an extra cost
service. One of the requirements under such certification is the replacement of the standard on or
before the termination date. Experience has shown, however, that in the absence of contamination,
the standards do not materially deteriorate over an extended period of time.
CAUTION: Silicone fluids should not be used to calibrate viscosity cups. These materials change the interface
between the cup surface and the test material and therefore change the cup calibration. The following is taken
from ASTM D445; Viscometers used for silicone fluids should be reserved for the exclusive use of such fluids.
Solvent washings from these viscometers should not be used for cleaning other viscometers.
The information contained herein, or supplied by us or on our behalf in any other manner is based on data obtained by our own research and is considered
accurate. However, NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED REGARDINGTHEACCURACY OF THESE DATA, THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED
FROM THE USE THEREOF, OR THAT ANY SUCH USE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY PATENT. This information is furnished upon the condition that the
person receiving it shall make his own tests to determine the suitability thereof for his particular purpose.
Cat. No. Description Approx. Centistokes Call for Pricing
VI-3801 G-6 Viscosity Standard 9
VI-3803 G-10 Viscosity Standard 19
VI-3805 G-20 Viscosity Standard 34
VI-3810 G-35 Viscosity Standard 64
VI-3811 G-35-P Viscosity Standard 64
VI-3815 G-60 Viscosity Standard 120
VI-3819 G-100-P Viscosity Standard 270
VI-3820 G-100 Viscosity Standard 230
VI-3821 G-200 Viscosity Standard 450
VI-3825 G-350 Viscosity Standard 880
VI-3826 G-350-P Viscosity Standard 810
VI-3842 G-J3000-P Viscosity Standard 10,800
A Material Safety Data Sheet is furnished with each bottle of “G” Series Standard Oils
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
13
CLEANING VISCOSITY CUPS AFTER USE
Guide for removing the G-series calibrating oil from Gardco viscosity cups
Any remaining material in the cup must be removed by flushing with a suitable solvent. Light
naphtha, heptane, octane, highly aromatic solvents, and or any other petroleum-derived hydrocarbon
solvent can be used. Varsol® is a commercial solvent that works very well for this purpose.
Completely dry the viscosity cup with a lint free cloth. Use a highly volatile solvent for a second
cleaning as since any remaining hydrocarbon solvents from the first process will evaporate quickly after
the sample has been flushed from the cup. Hypersolve, MEK and Alcohol can be used in aluminum
cups and Hypersolve andAlcohol for the stainless steel cups.Acetone is commonly used as the second
solvent because of its high volatility and its ability to dissolve traces of petroleum solvents and water.
In the third process a low velocity stream of clean air will be sufficient to evaporate remaining traces
of any volatile solvent. Be aware, avoid rapid evaporation of these solvents as this can cool the surface
to such an extent that humid air may be brought below the dew point, causing a film of water to form
on the cup.
Varsol is a registered trademark of the Exxon Company.
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
14
PROCEDURE FOR CALIBRATION FOR
DIP-TYPE VISCOSITY CUPS
THIS INFORMATION PERTAINS ONLY TO VISCOSITY CUPS MADE
BY PAUL N. GARDNER(GARDCO)
EXAMPLE OF MATERIALS NEEDED
FOR CALIBRATION OF A DIP-TYPE VISCOSITY CUP
*These are nominal values. For the actual centistoke value of the standard, refer to the value on the bottle label.
**NOTE: The 8mm ISO Cup is not available in the Dip version.
A. One GARDCO Dip-Type Viscosity Cup
B. The Conversion Grid sheet (for cup chosen) to convert seconds efflux time (to nearest tenth of a
second) to centistoke viscosity. Every Gardco Cup is furnished with such a data sheet.
C. One pint of certified calibration oil (appropriate to cup chosen, see chart below)
D. To insure highest accuracy of calibration, we recommend the use of ASTM mercury filled glass
type thermometers having an accuracy of 0.1°C (0.2°F). Use any of the following:
1. Gardco Cat. No. VI-3130 glass mercury filled thermometer, 4-1/2" length, 20-30°C.
range.
2. Gardco Cat. No. TH-02232 °CASTM mercury filled glass thermometer, 10.8" length,
19-27°C. range.
3. Gardco Cat. No. TH-02233 °FASTM mercury filled glass thermometer, 10.8" length,
66-80°F. range.
E. Container: 600 ml capacity glass beaker LA-2029060. LA-2029100 1000 ml glass beaker is
recommended for the Fisher Dip Cup.
F. Gardco Cat. No. TM-AX705 digital electronic stopwatch, 0.01 second.
G. Reference literature:
1. Gardco Viscosity cup leaflet (for cup chosen)
2. Viscosity Cups-Common Questions and Their Answers leaflet
3. Gardco Viscosity Cup Equivalent Wall Chart (VI-VCC) or Slide Chart (VI-9939)
4. Gardco General Catalog
Standard
Oil
Centistokes*
Viscosity
EZ™
Cup No.
S90 Zahn
Cup No.
Mini Ford
Dip Cup No.
Gardco/ Fisher
Dip Cup No.
Std. Ford Dip
Cup No.
Gardco/ISO
Dip Cup mm
Gardco/Din
Dip Cup mm
G-6 8.9 — — 0 — — — —
G-10 19 1 — 1 — 1 3 —
G-20 34 — 1 — 1 — — —
G-35 64 — — 2 2 2 4 —
G-60 120 2 2 3, 4 3 3, 4 — —
G-100 230 — 3 — — — 6 4
G-200 450 3, 4 — 5 4 5 — —
G-350 880 5 4, 5 — — — **8 —
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
15
1. Examine the cup for obvious obstruction or damage to the orifice area and general
cleanliness of cup.
2. Select the recommended Certified Viscosity Standard for the cup to be calibrated. Make
sure the expiration date for the standard has not passed.
3. Pour a sufficient amount of oil into a 500 ml container to totally submerge the cup.
4. Using a calibrated ASTM mercury-filled thermometer bring oil to target temperature,
25.0°C ± .5°C. Proper temperature is very important. By wrapping a hand around the
beaker and slowly stirring oil, the temperature can be slightly raised.
5. Place cup in oil and allow 1 to 5 minutes for cup and oil to reach thermal equilibrium.
6. Raise the cup vertically to a distance of no more than 6” from the surface of the oil. Start
timing with a stop watch with accuracy of one tenth second or better as the top edge of
the cup breaks the surface of the oil.
7. Leave the thermometer in the beaker to insure the temperature remains constant
throughout the run.
8. Stop the timer when the first definite break in the efflux stream occurs near the bottom of
the cup. Be sure to keep air bubbles at a minimum; they will sometimes cause an appar-
ent break prematurely.
9. Record time and temperature and repeat. Keep temperature drift between runs at ±.2°C.
Disregard any runs that are more than .5 seconds apart.
10. Adjust times for temperature deviation and average three valid runs.
11. Divide the *design time listed on the viscosity standard by the average and determine the
correction factor.
12. Determine if the cup is in or out of tolerance according to manufacturer’s specification.
THIS PROCEDURE MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF ASTM D4212
* The Design Drain Time in seconds can be calculated by taking the Kinematic viscosity that can be found on the
label of your Certified viscosity standard oil label and by using the conversions formula found in your manual, the
design drain time can be calculated using the relevant formula.
THIS INFORMATION PERTAINS ONLY TO VISCOSITY CUPS MADE BY
PAUL N. GARDNER (GARDCO)
PROCEDURE
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
16
DATE 7/31/17
CUP NAME GARDCO EZ™ Zahn (ASTM) CUP NO. 2
CUP RING TAG SERIAL NO. 44263
STATED TOLERANCE ± 3%
CERTIFIED OIL DATA
CALIBRATION OIL NO. G60 LOT NO. 90102
LABEL DUE DATE 5/ 30/17
DATE OIL FIRST USED ** 7/31/17
CENTISTOKE VISCOSITY ON LABEL 118.4 CS
CALIBRATION DATA *
RUN NO. 1 47.53 SECS @ 25.0°C RUN NO.3 47.65 SECS @ 25.0°C
RUN NO. 2 47.63 SECS @ 25.0°C AVERAGE 47.60 SECS @ 25.0°C
DESIGN EFFLUX TIME (FROM GARDCO CONVERSION GRID CHART)
47.86 SECS @ 25.0°C
IN TOLERANCE ( √) OUT OF TOLERANCE ( )
CORRECTION FACTOR 1.005
CALIBRATED BY A.B. Smith CHECKED BY L.A. Dawn
(Only For Cups Made By GARDCO)
**
When many different determinations are to be made on similar products in the same viscosity range, it may be helpful to produce a
graph for converting measured temperature and viscosity cup efflux time in seconds to seconds at a specified temperature, normally
25.0° C (77.0°F). Refer to "Temperature" in Viscosity Cup leaflet in this manual for a suggested method of preparation for such a graph.
*
When finished with standard oil examine it for contamination of any kind. A fine wire mesh filter may be used if dirt specks are noticed.
If oil is accidently contaminated with water settled in bottom of tumbler, pour off clean portion of oil and discard contaminated water
portion. Pour oil back into bottle and record the date of first use on the label. Stored in normal ambient temperature the oil is good
for a year after date of first use, provided it does not become contaminated.
The information contained herein, or supplied by us or on our behalf in any other manner is based on data obtained by
our own research and is considered accurate. However, NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED REGARDING
THE ACCURACY OF THESE DATA, THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE THEREOF, OR THAT ANY
SUCH USE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY PATENT. This information is furnished upon the condition that the person
receiving it shall make his own tests to determine the suitability thereof for his particular purpose.
A point of caution: Even the standard oils change in viscosity in the range of 3% - 8% per degree Celsius
at the 25° normal measuring range. Temperature of products being measured should be adjusted to within
0.1° of specified temperature if accurate results are to be obtained.
CAUTION
CLEANING VISCOSITY CUPS AFTER USE
Guide for removing the G-series calibrating oil from Gardco viscosity cups
Any remaining material in the cup must be removed by flushing with a suitable solvent. Light naphtha,
heptane, octane, highly aromatic solvents, and or any other petroleum-derived hydrocarbon solvent can
be used. Varsol® is a commercial solvent that works very well for this purpose. Completely dry the viscos-
ity cup with a lint free cloth. Use a highly volatile solvent for a second cleaning as since any remaining
hydrocarbon solvents from the first process will evaporate quickly after the sample has been flushed from
the cup. Hypersolve, MEK and Alcohol can be used in aluminum cups and Hypersolve and Alcohol for the
stainless steel cups. Acetone is commonly used as the second solvent because of its high volatility and its
ability to dissolve traces of petroleum solvents and water. In the third process a low velocity stream of clean
air will be sufficient to evaporate remaining traces of any volatile solvent. Be aware, avoid rapid evapora-
tion of these solvents as this can cool the surface to such an extent that humid air may be brought below
the dew point, causing a film of water to form on the cup.
Varsol is a registered trademark of the Exxon Company
EXAMPLE OF VISCOSITY CUP CALIBRATION CHECK SHEET
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
17
Ask for the GARDCO
Viscosity Cup Equivalent Wall Chart
(Item No. VI-VCC)
For Laboratory Use
or Download the spreadsheet
from our website www.gardco.com
Equivalent Charts cover GARDCO Calibrated Viscosity Cups and
are based on conversion formulas of a type & with parameters as
referenced in The Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering
(Vol. 4, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). Standard oils
traceable to the National Institute of Standards & Technology were
used in experimental development of these formulas.
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
18
GARDCO EZ™ ZAHN (ASTM) DIP CUPS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Cup #1 This cup is used for very thin mixtures where low solids application is desired.
Cup #2 This is the most popular cup of the series and is used for most mixed paints which
have been reduced with solvent for application, regardless of the application method. It
has wide use in the automotive and similar industries.
Cups #3 & #4 These cups are used for higher solids application where extra heavy coat-
ings are specifi ed.
Cup #5 This cup is normally used for measuring the viscosity of paints prior to reduction
with solvent.
Cup #1 40 to 60 Seconds
Cup #2 20 to 60 Seconds
Cup #3 12 to 60 Seconds
Cup #4 10 to 60 Seconds
Cup #5 10 to 60 Seconds
There are fi ve orifi ce sizes in a complete set of EZ™ Dip Viscosity Cups. The recommended
use range in seconds for each of the fi ve cups is as follows:
Select the proper number cup to be used from the Specification Table, which is dependent on
the expected viscosity range of the material to be measured.
Insure that the cup is clean and that there is no residual dried material in or around the orifice.
Adjust the temperature, if necessary, of the test material.
Completely immerse the cup into the material to be measured in a location free from
bubbles or foam, holding the cup vertically by means of the stainless steel split key ring.
Measure and record the temperature of the material that is encompassed by the cup.
Hold cup vertically by inserting index finger into handle ring. In a quick, steady motion, lift the
cup out of the sample material, starting the timer when the top edge of the cup breaks the surface.
During the flow time, hold the cup no more than 6” above the level of the sample material.
Stop the timer when the first definite break in the stream at the base of the cup is observed.
Record the number of seconds of efflux time, temperature and the cup number.
(Example: No. 2 EZ™ Dip Cup, 35.0 seconds at 25.1°C.)
As an option to the preceding step, refer to the conversion table furnished with the cup and as
indicated on the following page, determine the centistoke viscosity for the measured efflux time
in seconds and record this value and the measured temperature. (Example: 111.3 centistokes
at 25.1°C.)
Promptly clean the cup unless it will be used immediately for a rerun of the same material.
(Use a length of nylon fishing line to clean the orifice.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]

VISCOSITY
19
T = ( V + V2+ 3476) ÷ 1.75
Use this formula to find cup efflux time in seconds (T) when viscosity (V)
in centistokes is known:
V = 0.875T – 993 ÷ T
EZ™ZAHN (ASTM) DIP CUPS
CUP #1
CONVERSION FORMULAS AND TABLE©
EZ™viscosity cups are designed to comply with requirements of ASTM
D4212 and to take advantage of design changes known to provide best
possible results. Cup dimensions are carefully controlled and cup
calibration conditions comply with ANSI/NCSL Z540 or ISO/IEC 17025.
Standard viscous oils traceable to the National Institute of Standards and
Technology are used in calibration procedures to insure specified efflux
time tolerance.
Use this formula derived by Paul N. Gardnerc company research to find
viscosity (V) in centistokes when cup efflux time in seconds (T) is known:
Results from the above formulas, solved for each tenth of a second within
the cup range, are shown on the reverse side of this page. To find
centistoke viscosity for a given cup efflux time in seconds, read down the
column on the left to find the nearest second. Then, read to the right to
the nearest tenth of a second column to find centistoke value. The chart
may be read in reverse to find efflux time seconds when viscosity is
known.
The EZ™series of five viscosity cups are produced, calibrated and sold
only by the Paul N. Gardner company and authorized distributors.
©Copyright 1987, Paul N. Gardner Company
Paul N. Gardner • www.gardco.com • [phone]