Grimm ENVIRON CHECK 180 User manual

GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG
Dorfstrasse 9, D-83404 Ainring, Germany
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail]
www.grimm-aerosol.com
Manual
Mobile Dust Monitor
ENVIRON CHECK 180

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Index
INDEX 3
1GENERAL 6
1.1 ANNOTATION ............................................................................................................................6
1.2 MEANING OF THE USED SYMBOLS..............................................................................................7
2IMPORTANT HINTS FOR THE CUSTOMER 8
2.1 SAFETY REGULATIONS ..............................................................................................................8
2.2 ELECTRIC SAFETY ....................................................................................................................9
2.3 LASER SAFETY..........................................................................................................................9
2.4 TRANSPORTATION ..................................................................................................................10
2.5 EXTREME AMBIENT CONDITIONS..............................................................................................11
2.6 TEST KIT 186..........................................................................................................................13
3EDM 180 14
3.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................14
3.2 SAMPLE HEAD.........................................................................................................................14
3.3 THE MEASURING PRINCIPLE ....................................................................................................15
3.4 CALIBRATION ..........................................................................................................................17
3.5 GAS FLOW CONCEPT...............................................................................................................21
3.6 DRYING ..................................................................................................................................21
3.7 ACCESSORY ...........................................................................................................................22
3.8 SPECIFICATIONS EDM 180 .....................................................................................................23
3.9 RS-232 INTERFACE................................................................................................................25
3.10 CALIBRATION LABEL................................................................................................................25
3.11 ALARM AND ERROR MESSAGES ...............................................................................................25
4CONTROL ELEMENTS 26
4.1 LCD-DISPLAY .........................................................................................................................26
4.2 FLAP WITH LIFT LEVER ............................................................................................................26
4.3 ON /OFF SWITCH....................................................................................................................27
4.4 STATUS-LED..........................................................................................................................27
4.5 KEY PAD .................................................................................................................................28
4.6 KEY FUNCTIONS –QUESTION REGARDING FILTER YES/NO? .....................................................28
4.7 KEYS FUNCTIONS WITHIN OPERATION MODE............................................................................29
4.8 KEY FUNCTIONS WITHIN THE STAND-BY MODE .........................................................................30
4.9 DATA STORAGE (INTERNAL /EXTERNAL)..................................................................................31

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5MEASUREMENT 33
5.1 INSTALLATION .........................................................................................................................33
Installation sample pipe 182 and sample pipe 181 ................................................................... 34
Installation 180................................................................................................................................ 36
5.2 TAKING THE EDM 180 INTO OPERATION..................................................................................37
5.3 ILLUSTRATION OF THE MEASURED VALUES ..............................................................................38
6HYPERTERMINAL VIA RS-232 INTERFACE 39
6.1 HYPER TERMINAL ...................................................................................................................39
6.2 WORK WITH HYPER TERMINAL................................................................................................42
7SWITCHING POSSIBILITIES OF THE GRIMM 190 46
7.1 WITH A TERMINAL PROGRAM...................................................................................................46
7.2 WITH GRIMM SOFTWARE 1177 VERSION 3.30 ......................................................................47
8RS-232 INTERFACE 48
8.1 RS-232 INTERFACE ................................................................................................................48
8.2 TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL......................................................................................................48
8.3 RS-232 COMMANDS ...............................................................................................................48
8.4 RS-232 TRANSMISSION OF MEASURED VALUES .......................................................................53
8.5 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WITHIN SERVICE MODE:CRC SUM..................................................54
8.6 DISPLAY MEASURED VALUES OF THE ADDITIONAL CLIMATIC SENSORS......................................54
8.7 SERVICE MODE SETTINGS .......................................................................................................55
9SPECIAL DATA PROTOCOL “GESYTEC“ 56
9.1 CHANGE OF MODE FROM STANDARD TO GESYTEC ..................................................................56
9.2 SETTING WITHIN NORMAL OPERATION .....................................................................................57
9.3 GESYTEC STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................58
10 SENSORS 61
10.1 ANALOG INPUT........................................................................................................................61
10.2 BAROMETER (INTERNAL).........................................................................................................61
10.3 BASIC SENSORS .....................................................................................................................61
10.4 WEATHER STATION.................................................................................................................62
11 SYSTEM MESSAGES 63
11.1 ALARM AND ERROR MESSAGES ON THE LCD ..........................................................................63
11.2 WARNINGS ON THE LCD ........................................................................................................64
12 MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING 65

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12.1 SAMPLE AIR DUCT INSIDE THE OPTICAL CHAMBER OF THE SPECTROMETER 187.......................65
12.2 FLY SCREEN ON THE SAMPLE PIPE 182 ...................................................................................65
12.3 CHANGE DUST FILTER.............................................................................................................65
12.4 INTERNAL RINSING AIR FILTER .................................................................................................65
13 ACCESSORY 66
13.1 SENSOR FOR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY (MODEL 1.153FH180) ........................................66
13.2 ANALOG ADAPTER FOR PM 10 +PM 2.5 AND PM 1(MODEL 160)..........................................66
13.3 MEMO CARD READER (MODEL 1155B)....................................................................................66
14 WARRANTY 67
15 TRANSPORT AND REPAIR 69
15.1 TRANSPORT ...........................................................................................................................69
15.2 REPAIR...................................................................................................................................69
15.3 DIMENSIONS ...........................................................................................................................70
16 INDEX 73

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1 General
1.1 Annotation
Put hard- and software only after precise study of this manual into operation! The producer is not liable for
damages which are caused through inappropriate initial operation, usage, cleaning, or operating errors.
Many soft- and hardware denominations which will be mentioned within this manual are registered
trademarks and have to be treated this way. The author's intention is to give you complete and accurate
information by this manual. Grimm Aerosol Technik does not guarantee completeness and accuracy of the
following available information which therefore excludes entitlement to damages that result either
collateral or directly from the usage of this manual and/ or the usage of the soft- and hardware. Grimm
Aerosol Technik moreover is not responsible for damages, which result from patent infringement or abuse
of a third's party rights.
Due to continuous improvements and increments differences regarding instruction and illustration of this
manual compared to available hard- and software may happen. If so, please ask for the current version of
this manual.
All rights reserved. Duplication (copy, print, microfilm, and other media) of any part of this manual without
authorization in written form from GRIMM Aerosol Technik is prohibited just as duplication, reproduction,
or modification through electronic systems.
Printed in Germany. Copy Right © 2009 by GRIMM Aerosol Technik, Ainring
GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG
Dorfstrasse 9
D-83404 Ainring
Phone: ++49 / 86 54 / 5 78 – 0
Fax: ++49 / 86 54 / 5 78 – 35
Email: [email protected]
Homepage: www.grimm-aerosol.com
This manual refers to:
Environmental Dust Monitor EDM 180

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We reserve the right to change or improve the instruments described in this manual without previous
announcement, simply in accordance to the technical progress. Therefore insignificant deviations between
the descriptions in this instruction and your measuring instrument are possible.
1.2 Meaning of the used symbols
In this manual following symbols will be used in order to ease locating important hints, advices, and
situations.
This symbol indicates useful hints which facilitate and optimize your working process.
This symbol indicates potential dangers, which may lead to malfunctions or even damage of
the hardware and how those dangers can be avoided.

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2 Important hints for the customer
2.1 Safety regulations
The manufacturer declines any direct or indirect liability if the operator opens the instrument or
manipulates the instrument! This instrument is built and tested in accordance with EN-61010 (DIN VDE
0411 T1) to assure proper protection of the electronic material and measurement function of the
instruments. All units have left the factory with regard to safeguarding in a perfect condition. In order to
keep this state and to guarantee a safe operation, the customer must follow the references and warning
notes which are contained in this manual.
If a safe operation is no longer possible, the instrument has to be taken out of operation and to be
protected against unintentional operation. A safe operation is not possible anymore.
if the instrument shows visible harm,
if the instrument does not work anymore,
after longer storage under unfavourable conditions,
after heavy-duty transportation.
If the instrument was stored or transported at low temperatures and an acclimatisation period prior start up
of minimum 1 hour is not kept, the internal pump may not even start (due to possible inner condensation).
In this case the electronic protection fuse will activate and disconnect the instruments power supply.
Do not operate the device without the condensate bottle!

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2.2 Electric Safety
Before the first use of the instrument you need to check whether the main voltage is in the allowed
specifications. Operate the dust monitor only with the designated voltage and the original external power
supply.
The Lithium battery (SL-389; 3,6V; 1AH) on the digital circuit board is necessary to the operation
of the real-time clock. This battery must not be charged and only changed in an emptied state by
an authorised personal. The normal operation period is several years.
The recharge of the Lithium battery inside the memory card (CR-2016 with 3V and 60mAh or CR-
2325 with 3 and 200mAh) is not permitted.
Fuses built into the instrument may only be changed by trained service personnel
All fuses are to be replaced only by the same type!
.
Since the instrument has its internal electronic protection, the fuses will react only at a
serious fault!
2.3 Laser safety
Caution! Optical laser class 3 B inside!
The instrument may only be opened by GRIMM trained service personnel. During the opening of the laser
unit, especially the measuring chamber, a laser radiation of the class 3 B can be released. The direct look
into the laser beam or a reflexion can lead to damage of the eyes even at a short exposure time.
You will find references in the EN 60825 (DIN VDE 0837 T1), but also in the corresponding VBG 93
"Laser radiation" prevention regulation for possible accidental exposure!
Caution! Laser class 3B at a open instrument!

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All stickers shown are on the bottom of the instrument and warn the operator for laser light radiation in
case the covers of the instrument have been dismounted!
Laser class 1 in closed state of the measurement unit! Laser of class 1 are not dangerous and safe for
eyes even in case of malfunction due to manipulation or usage of optical additives (e.g. binocular,
microscope etc.)
The glass fuses built in the instrument (Pico fuse 2A, quick-type, and switching capacity 300A /32V DC)
must only be replaced by trained service staff with the type specified in the circuit documents. Because
the devices are secured by electronically excess-current cut-out the fuse will only respond at a severe
malfunction.
2.4 Transportation
The instrument may be transported only in the original packing and in the switched off mode. The aerosol
inlet and output have to be closed with provided covers.

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2.5 Extreme ambient conditions
Altitude correction
The pressure altitude formula describes the vertical distribution of the (gaseous) particles in the Earth´s
atmosphere, means the change of the barometric pressure related to height. This is also called the vertical
pressure gradient. However, within the lower atmosphere because of the high weather dynamics it can
mathematically only be described with approximations. A noticeable change of the air density is
proportional to increasing height. The air pressure decreases because the air column is „shorter“ and thus
lighter. The rule of thumb here is: The air pressure decreases with increasing height by 12mBar per 100
meters.
Because of the low barometric pressure the volume flow accelerates with increasing altitude. That means
that the signal amplitude of the detected particles changes – it decreases and thus bigger particles will be
wrongly assigned to low channels which results in a wrong mass.
Thus the display of the flow meter, which is dependent on the barometric pressure, has to be corrected.
Displayed values = valueScale
p
p
referenz
vorOrt 
PReference = 1013mbar
Scale value is the value which equals to 1.2 l/Min Mass - Flow at 1013mbar – here 60mm (Flow meter
ANALYT)
Pressure
[mbar]
Altitude[m]
740
2500
790
2000
840
1500
860
1300
870
1200
890
1075
905
900
910
850
920
775
930
675
940
600
950
500
960
425
970
350
980
250
990
175
1000
100
1013
0
Display 51,3 53 54,6 55,3 55,6 56,2 56,7 56,9 57,2 57,5 57,8 58,1 58,4 58,7 59 59,3 59,6 60
Hint: The float of the flow meter has to be flexible, i.e. an exact vertical and horizontal adjustment of the
flow meter is very important.
For adjusting the flow see 8.7 (Flow adjust with ^F in HYPER TERMINAL – The
adjustment then happens via + / - ).

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Ice and snow
The external probe head heating model 180-DF is an accessory for the Enviro product line of the company
GRIMM (165, 365, 180, 190, 565). It keeps the probe head ice free when having frost and thus enables
failure-free measurements. The heating heats up to a maximum of 10°C.
Accessory
Sample probe heating
Heating control
Heat-conductive
paste
assembled sample probe
heating

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2.6 Test kit 186
The EDM Test kit model Nr. 186 is an accessory part for the Enviro product line of the company Grimm
(165, 365, 180, 190, 565).
It controls the correct installation and function of the systems.
Here 3 basic functions are to be considered:
Zero filter test
Leakage test
Flow test
Source of supply
Accessories and consumables are available at you local dealer or at:
GRIMM Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG
Dorfstrasse 9
83404 Ainring
Tel.: [phone]

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3 EDM 180
3.1 Introduction
The measuring device for airborne dust of the series 180 is a stationary instrument which has been
designed for the continuous measurement of airborne dust and its particle size distribution. The measured
values will be output as mass concentration in the unit μg/m³ and distinguished according the fractions
PM10, PM2.5, and PM1. The measuring principle here is the scattering light measurement of the single
particles, where a semiconductor laser serves as light source. The 90° scattered light with an opening
angle of ca. 60° is being lead via a mirror onto a receiver diode. When particles cross the laser beam they
emit a light pulse. This electric signal of the diode will be classified into 31 different size channels after an
adequate amplification. This enables a size determination of the particles and also let realize also a
weighting curve, e.g. PM10 acc. to EN 12341. The sample air is being volume controlled sucked through
the optical measurement chamber and a fine filter. The pump also provides the rinsing air which is
generated via the pumps exhaust air and a subsequent fine filter. It is being held constant by a rinsing air
controller. The rinsing air prevents the laser optics and measurement chamber from pollution and
furthermore being used as particle-free reference air during the self-test.
3.2 Sample head
The used sample head is a TSP head. There is no size selective segregation happening inside the TSP
sample head. In order to protect the device from bigger materials such as leaves or insects there is a wire
fence around the sample head.
Figure 1: Sample head

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3.3 The measuring principle
The sample air is led directly into the measuring cell via the aerosol inlet or other custom-designed air
inlets, e.g. for high wind speeds or overpressure. The particles in the sample air are being detected by
light scattering inside the measuring cell. The scattering light pulse of every single particle is being
counted and the intensity of its scattering light signal classified to a certain particle size. The measuring
principle is schematically shown in figure 2.
Figure 2: Measuring principle
All Grimm laser aerosol spectrometers and dust monitors use a laser diode as light source. The
wavelength is for model 365 in visible range at 655 nm. The laser diode can be operated in a so-
called Multiplex Mode, i.e. the intensity of the laser beam is being modulated. This way particles
can be detected over a very wide size range from 0.25 μm up to 32 μm. The laser beam is focused
to a flat elliptical strip by means of an illumination optics. Inside the focus the laser beam lights a
small measuring volume evenly and subsequently is being led into a light trap. The sample air is
focused aerodynamically and then led as particle flow through the inner area of the measuring
volume. When doing environmental measurements, the particle concentration of the sample air is
normally so low, that statistically seen only one particle is in the measuring volume. Measuring at
particle sources, technical particulate matters, or working places, very high particle concentrations
can appear which require a previous dilution of the sample air. Due to the fact that the entire
sampling volume of 1.2 liter/minute is analyzed, all Grimm aerosol spectrometers reach a very
good counting statistic. The scattering light emitted by every particle is being detected by a second
optics under a scattering angle of 90° and then directed onto a receiver diode via a wide-angle
mirror. The signal of the detector will be classified into size channels after amplification subject to
its intensity. Figure 2 shows the assembly of the laser measuring chamber. The sample air duct
occurs perpendicular to the perspective into the measuring volume.

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The count rate results from the number of particles divided by volume flow rate. The particle size is
proportional to the intensity of the detected scattering light signal whereas the scattering light intensity is
also being influenced by the particles refractive index, particle shape, and orientation of the particle within
the measuring volume. Positioning the detector into a 90° direction enables minimizing the influence of the
aerosol particles refractive index for determining the particle size. The opening angle of the detector optics
was chosen in a way so that an ambiguousness of the scattering light intensity due to MIE scattering
undulations caused by monochromatic illumination is being compensated. Thus a distinct detection of the
particle size in sufficient narrow size classes is possible. Model 1.109 provides 31 size channels. By
detection of the particle concentration and particle size, the size distribution of the aerosol particles can be
determined which in turn is the basis of the evaluation of the particle mass. Within measuring mode
“particle mass” an additional size channel is arithmetically adjoined below the smallest size channel. So
the 365 outputs within mass mode 32 size channels. The additional size channel is primarily useful when
calculating the standardized mass fractions and leads to an improved accuracy measuring fine aerosols.
For a precise and reproducible particle counting and particle sizing the accurate sampling volume of 1.2
liter/minute is absolutely fundamental. The sampling volume affects the conversion of the raw counts in
the actual sampling volume in the selected unit, like liter or m³ and secondly the particles speed in the
optical chamber, which must be in the given tolerance range for a correct particle sizing.
Chart 1 Channel tresholds of the internal dust collection of the test device in µm
0,25 0,28 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45 0,50 0,58 0,65 0,70 0,80 1,0 1,3 1,6 2,0 2,5
3,0 3,5 4,0 5,0 6,5 7,5 8,0 10,0 12,5 15,0 17,5 20,0 25,0 30,0 32,0

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3.4 Calibration
The particle size detection is calibrated with traceable NIST-certified (National Institute of Standards and
Technology) mono disperse latex. The dust mass calculation is being calibrated with dolomite dust
compared to a reference device. The instrument will be delivered with a certificate of calibration!
The condition of the spectrometer should be checked annually. Therefore the device has to
be sent to the manufacturer where it will be inspected and calibrated by means of a
reference device. Alternatively the customer him/herself can do the calibration. Therefore a
calibration tower and a reference device are necessary. In order to be able to handle this
calibration tower in a correct way, two specific trainings are preliminary! The reference
device itself has to be inspected and then certified annually by the manufacturer using mono
disperse latex.
How does Grimm Aerosol Technik calibrate?
The calibration of aerosol spectrometers is done by each manufacturer in a different way. Such a method
can be denominated as “house-standard“ – Why? Because there is no worldwide standard for calibration
of aerosol spectrometers, but every manufacturer is supposed to use the standard aerosol particles for
size calibration (poly-styrene latex, PSL). The Grimm “calibration-house-standard“ is based upon a
comparison between a “mother device” calibrated with PSL and a “candidate”.
What is a Grimm ”mother device“?
For the mother device there was a certain calibration response curve calculated containing all relevant
parameters of the aerosol spectrometer (laser wave length, position of the detector, opening angle of the
detector, PSL refractive index m = 1,60 +i0, etc..). Hereupon the mother device will be „feeded“ with
different mono-disperse PSL samples and so validates the particle size measurement for this standard
material. The first Grimm mother device, sort of “grandmother”, moreover was being compared to a
reference device, viz. the laser aerosol spectrometer model LAS-X by PMS, Boulder, Colorado. By this
procedure we ensure the correct particle size measurement in the specified channel, e.g. for model 1.108
15 and for model 1.109 31 channels.
Calibration, physics background
Particle sizing is calibrated with NIST traceable Poly-Styrene Latex (PSL), Duke Scientific. So we measure
optical latex equivalent diameters. The size channels are related to electronic thresholds. A single particle
passing the laser beam will scatter the incident laser light. This scattered light is collected by a mirror in a
given angle and focused to the detector. The photons collected by the detector will give a "raw-signal"
which will be amplified and classified in a particle size channel. So number concentration and size of the
aerosol particles can be measured.

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Grimm Calibration procedure
The calibration between a candidate and the mother unit is done by use of a "Grimm Calibration Tower"
that isfully computer-controlled and -automated and poly disperse dolomite dust as a standard aerosol.
Why dolomite dust? Dolomite dust is cheap, anoxic, not hygroscopic, poly disperse and very stable during
storage. The dolomite dust covers the entire sizing range for all Grimm spectrometer from app. 0.2µm up
to >30µm. Due to the fact that both the mother unit and the candidate are manufactured identically, the
dolomite dust must lead to identical results in both spectrometers. The dolomite dust is injected by a
40msec pulse of particle-free compressed air at the top of the cylindrical calibration tower and dispersed
homogeneously over the whole round cross-section. At the bottom of the calibration tower up to three
candidates and one mother unit are attached at identical aerosol inlets. A reverse flow of particle-free
compressed air from the bottom to the top of the cylindrical tower guaranties a well-defined and
reproducible aerosol particle distribution during the whole calibration procedure.
During the calibration the counts in every single size channel, starting from the biggest, are compared
between the mother unit and the candidate simultaneously. The calibration software is able to compare six
size channels at the same time. The statistical comparison is based on a mean value calculated by a set
of 15 single values. A single value is displayed every 6 seconds. Depending on the measured particle
concentration, the calibration software can adjust the electronically thresholds of the candidate.
Threshold lower = more particles in the channel
Threshold higher = less particles in the channel
Figure 1: Screenshot of the Grimm calibration software during a running calibration with one mother unit and three
candidates (in this example: Grimm Environmental dust monitors with 31 channels).

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The columns in the table in Figure 1 show the 31 size channels. The lines in the table in Figure 1 show
from top to bottom: the counts of the reference unit, and for each candidate the electronically settings of
the threshold, the counts of the candidate and the calculated relative error. To indicate the meaning of the
relative errors three different colours are used:
Red values indicate a running calibration of a size channel out of range. Green values mean a running
calibration within the range. Black values means, that the relative error is saved for quality assurance, the
channel threshold is fixed and the channel is labelled with "Kalibriert" in the software table.
The mean value comparison is repeated approximately 10 times for each size channel, till all readings of
the candidate are repeatedly within a given range with a accuracy of ± 2%, compared to the mother unit.
The certified accuracy for the mass mode is ± 5%, because of the fact that the particle diameter affects
the particle mass by the third power. The calibration software controls all relevant parameters plus the
amount of calibration dust, I order to assure that the measured concentrations are above a fixed minimum.
All results are stored electronically and are activated in a data bank for quality assurance.
After the tower calibration, a further comparison at indoor conditions is done.
To illustrate the described procedure, the following two screenshots, so called "ramp" from the Grimm
calibration software CalSoft, show two examples of a measured particle number concentration of a
candidate compared to a reference unit before and after a calibration.
Figure 2: Before calibration: Simultaneously measured particle number concentration for all 31 size channels of the
candidate (red) and the mother unit (blue) vs. time.

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Figure 3: After calibration: Simultaneously measured particle number concentration for all 31 size channels of the
candidate (red) and the mother unit (blue) vs. time
At all enviro products (107, 180, 365) a continuous test of the complete system follows with an own
sample probe and housing. The models 107 are being operated for ca. 2 days inside a weather housing.
There all functions are being checked like as sensors for temperature, humidity, and humidity-controlled
mixer operation or temperature control. The continuous test of the models 365 occurs in a similar way
where at the complete system instead of the mixer operation the automatic sample air dehumidification
(nafion tube and vacuum pump) is being tested.
Models 180 run a test inside a special container for about one week. The data recorded during the
continuous test afterwards will be statistically evaluated and stored in a data base.