Lauterbach AutoFocus User manual

AutoFocus User’s Guide 1
©1989-2018 Lauterbach GmbH
AutoFocus User’s Guide
TRACE32 Online Help
TRACE32 Directory
TRACE32 Index
TRACE32 Documents ...................................................................................................................... 
AutoFocus User's Guide ............................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4
Intended Audience 4
Prerequisites 4
Contacting Support 5
Installation .................................................................................................................................. 7
Hardware Installation 7
Preprocessor AutoFocus I (LA-7991) 9
External Termination PCB (shipped before 2006) 11
Termination PCB (shipped after 2006) 11
Preprocessor AutoFocus II (LA-7992) 12
Preprocessor AutoFocus MIPI II (LA-7993) 14
Software Installation 15
Recommendation for the Software Start 15
Recommendation for Power Down 15
Utilization .................................................................................................................................... 16
Preprocessor 16
Automatic Setup 16
Manual Setup 18
Trace Port 20
Start-up Script 21
Example ARM ETMv1 21
Loading and Storing the Settings of Sampling Points 23
FAQ .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Diagnosis .................................................................................................................................... 26
Displaying Error Messages 26
Searching for Errors 27
Types of Trace Decoder Errors 29
Harderror 29
Flowerror 29
Fifofull 30
Trace Test Failure Messages 30
Access the Diagnosis Tool 31

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Diagnosis Check List 32
Basic Checks 32
Advanced Checks 38
Protocol Check 44
ETMv1.x 44
ETMv3.x 47
Timing Requirements 50
Choose the Best Termination PCB Type 52
How to understand A.ShowFocusEye and A.ShowFocusClockEye 53
Recommendations for Target Board Design 56
Pin Remapping ........................................................................................................................... 58
Functional Description - Pin Remapping 58
Pinouts 60
AutoFocus II (LA-7992) 60
AutoFocus II MIPI (LA-7993) 61
Technical Data ............................................................................................................................ 62
AutoFocus Preprocessor Hardware Versions 62
Electrical Specification for AutoFocus II Preprocessors 65
Electrical Characteristics 65
Absolute Maximum Ratings 65
Switching Characteristics 65
Absolute Maximum Ratings 65
Timing Characteristics 66
Absolute Minimum Ratings 66
Average time resolution 66
Maximum channel delay 66
Additional Data 66
PCB 66
Components 66
Simulation Model 67
Autofocus V2 67
Autofocus Mipi 67
Dimensions 68
Connector Layout for ARM 77
ETMv1/2 77
ETMv1/2 with Multiplexed Mode 77
ETMv1/2 with 4 bit Demultiplexed Mode 78
ETMv1/2 with 8/16 bit Demultiplexed Mode 78
Dual ETMv1/2 - Not supported 80
ETMv3 32 bit 81
20 pin JTAG Connector 82
Products ...................................................................................................................................... 83

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Product Information 83
Order Information 85

AutoFocus User’s Guide 4
©1989-2018 Lauterbach GmbH
AutoFocus User’s Guide
Version 16-Nov-2018
Introduction
Sampling high-speed parallel buses requires special concepts to compensate for the effects of wave
reflections, component tolerances, different trace lengths, limited pad driver capabilities, signal coupling etc.
All these effects might add up to a reduced signal amplitude, jitter and channel-to-channel skew.
Trace port analyzers (TPAs) that cannot compensate for these issues might not be able to trace high-speed
targets, even if they support high data rates in theory.
The real challenge, however, is not to process high-speed data within a digital design, but to get the trace
signals from the target into the TPA hardware without any information loss.
Trace probes with AutoFocus technology meet that challenge!
Intended Audience
This manual categorizes users into the following groups:
•AutoFocus average users: In addition to reading chapter Installation, they should focus on the
sections Automatic Setup and Basic Checks.
•AutoFocus advanced users: As they are familiar with the above chapters and sections, advanced
users should also read the sections Advanced Checks and Manual Setup.
•AutoFocus expert users: As they are familiar with the above chapters and sections, they should
also read the section Protocol Check.
Prerequisites
• This document assumes that you already have the PowerTrace I or PowerTrace II hardware and
a fully functional TRACE32 software installation.
• For greater than 16-bit trace ports, you need a second flex extension cable. This prerequisites
does not apply AutoFocus II MIPI-based preprocessors.

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©1989-2018 Lauterbach GmbH
Contacting Support
Be sure to include detailed system information about your TRACE32 configuration.
1. To generate a system information report, choose TRACE32 > Help > Support > Systeminfo.
2. Preferred: click Save to File, and send the system information as an attachment to your e-mail.
3. Click Save to Clipboard, and then paste the system information into your e-mail.
Support Address
In addition to the system information report, please send the following information and files to
icretm-suppor[email protected]:
• Used start-up/configuration scripts
• The complete text of the error messages you get (AREA.view)
• A screenshot of VERSION.SOFTWARE
• A screenshot of VERSION.HARDWARE
• A screenshot of VERSION.HARDWARE2
• A screenshot of the trace configuration window (e.g. ETM or AET window)
• JTAG voltage level
• JTAG frequency
NOTE: Please help to speed up processing of your support request. By filling out the
system information form completely and with correct data, you minimize the
number of additional questions and clarification request e-mails we need to
resolve your problem.

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• Trace port I/O voltage level
• CPU core frequency
• Trace connector pinout (board schematics and layout)
• Is the problem frequency dependent?
• Does another trace hardware behave differently?
• A screenshot of Trace.ShowFocusClockEye (set threshold to VCC/2 and press SCAN)
• A screenshot of Trace.ShowFocusEye (press SCAN before)
• A screenshot of Trace.ShowFocus (press SCAN before)

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Installation
•Hardware Installation
•Software Installation
Hardware Installation
1. For PowerTrace II modules, connect the PODBUS EXPRESS IN connector to the
PODBUS EXPRESS OUT connector of the PowerDebug II interface.
PODBUS EXPRESS OUT
PODBUS EXPRESS IN

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©1989-2018 Lauterbach GmbH
2. Connect the AutoFocus preprocessor to the POWER TRACE or POWER TRACE II.
- The three flat cables have different lengths and need to be connected without crossing.
- The shortest cable needs to be connected to slot A, the middle to slot B and the longest to
slot C.

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Preprocessor AutoFocus I (LA-7991)
There are two types of LA-7991, which can be distinguished with VERSION.HARDWARE.
• The LA-7991 OTP is based on a one-time-programmable FPGA that became obsolete in 2005.
In the VERSION.HARDWARE window it is marked with ’(OTP)’.
• The LA-7991 OTP is succeeded by a re-programmable version.
Both types have a similar performance, but there is a difference in the time resolution when it comes to
adjustment of sampling points. You might notice this in the Trace.ShowFocus window. However this should
not impact the actual trace result.
Before 2006 both the OTP as well as its re-programmable successor were shipped. Starting 2006 only the
re-programmable Preprocessor with integrated termination is shipped.
To connect the preprocessor for tracing the target hardware has to be equipped with one or two 38-pin
MICTOR connectors. For dimensions and target connector pinout of the preprocessor refer to the chapter
Technical Data. All trace signals are connected after plugging the preprocessor (TRACE A) into the target´s
trace connector.
Preprocessors shipped before 2006 might be marked “(OTP)” in the
VERSION.HARDWARE window, indicating that they are one-time-programmable.
They support only ETM v1-3 pinouts (ARM7/9/10/11). Some CTOOLs pinouts do
not follow the ETM v1-3 specification (e.g. OMAP1030). As a consequence, only
simple tracing without trace compression is possible, or a new preprocessor must
be acquired (e.g. LA-7992).
TRACE A
TRACE B

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Use a Mictor Flex Extension to connect the preprocessor with the trace target connector. Let the second
connector (TRACE B) unused, if the target does not support >16bit trace ports.
There are two different ways to connect the debug cable:
• using the JTAG connector of your target platform
• using the JTAG connector of the preprocessor
The JTAG connector of the preprocessor is a 20-pin connector. The connector is located under the blue flat
cable connectors and conforms to ARM’s 20-in debug connector. If you are using a 14-pin debug cable you
need to use a JTAG ARM Converter 14-20 (LA-7747). Other architectures require an converter or must
use a separate connector on the target.
For ARM architectures mostly the debug connector of the preprocessor is the
better choice, if both connectors are available on the target hardware.
Bad JTAG communication using the targets debug connector is caused by
extending the JTAG lines by the preprocessor.
AutoFocus I AutoFocus II

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©1989-2018 Lauterbach GmbH
External Termination PCB (shipped before 2006)
Most AutoFocus preprocessors shipped in 2005 came with two pairs of termination daughter PCBs. One
pair labeled “1.5 … 5 V”, the other labeled “1.5 … 3.3 V’ or “1.5 … 2.5 V” for early versions of the
preprocessor.
How to choose the proper termination PCB:
• Complete range version (1.5 … 5 V)
The complete range version cuts the signal amplitude roughly in half. Hence it is save to use,
even for 5 V targets, but it might not be optimal for target voltages below 2.5 V.
• Low voltage version (1.5 … 3.3 V or 1.5 … 2.5 V)
The low voltage version does not affect the signal amplitude significantly. This module usually
shows better results in terms of data eye width, especially for target voltages below 2.5 V. For
early versions of this termination module, the signal amplitude after the termination PCB was
conservatively specified for a maximum of 2.5 ,V which is why these modules were labeled
“1.5 … 2.5 V”. As more data became known, the maximum voltage could be increased to 3.3 V,
so this module is now labeled “1.5 … 3.3 V”.
You must not use the low-voltage termination for target voltages above 3.3 V!
Termination PCB (shipped after 2006)
• Integrated low-voltage termination (1.5 … 3.3 V)
The low-voltage termination is now integrated in the main PCB. For target voltages greater 3.3 V
a voltage converter (LA-7922) has to be used. However, this voltage converter might reduce the
maximum trace frequency. You should always contact [email protected] to
discuss solutions for target voltages outside the specified range of 1.8 … 3.3 V or if you require a
customized termination module.
Don’t connect any JTAG signals on the trace connector if a separate debug
connector is used. Electrical reflections will impact the JTAG communication.
The preprocessor itself does not use any JTAG-signal, they are simply routed to the
back end connector.
Termination daughter PCB

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Not all termination PCBs are compatible with all AutoFocus preprocessors, so it is best to only use the
termination PCBs that were shipped together with your preprocessor. Please refer to the table below to find
out PCB ID combinations that are compatible. There is an ongoing effort to optimize the termination module
for even higher frequencies, especially for the low voltage targets. In the table below, bold termination PCB
IDs indicate that the termination PCB contains the latest improvements.
If you are unable to trace your target application at its maximum operating frequency and you do not have
the latest available termination module, contact [e-mail] for delivery arrangements. Use the
PowerTrace-AF Diagnosis tool to find out your preprocessors PCB IDs. (See Access the Diagnosis Tool.)
Preprocessor AutoFocus II (LA-7992)
The AutoFocus preprocessor II is the next generation of AutoFocus preprocessors. Its handling is similar to
ARM-ETM AutoFocus (LA-7991).
LA-7991 PCB ID Termination PCB ID for 1.8 … 3.3 V Termination PCB ID for 1.8 … 5 V
0x0 (OTP) 0x4 0x1
0x7 (OTP) 0x4 0x1
0xE (OTP) 0x6, 0xE, 0xF 0x2
0x0 0xF 0x2
0x1 0xF (integrated) not applicable
Not all termination PCBs are compatible with all AutoFocus preprocessors, so it
is best to only use the termination PCBs that were shipped together with your
preprocessor.
You must not use the low-voltage termination for target voltages above 3.3 V

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There are two types of LA-7992, which can be distinguished with VERSION.HARDWARE.
The preprocessor IDs are given in parentheses in the VERSION.HARDWARE windows, here: (0x71),
(0x70).
There is a gain in performance from version 1 to version 2. In addition, the crosstalk behavior has improved
and the all-over bandwidth was increased.
The termination circuit is integrated for all AutoFocus II based devices. Changeable
termination modules are not available for these devices.
Flex Extension Cable

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©1989-2018 Lauterbach GmbH
Preprocessor AutoFocus MIPI II (LA-7993)
The AutoFocus MIPI preprocessor is based on AutoFocus II V2 technology. The main difference is the
connectorization, which is conform to the MIPI specification for debug and trace signals. Its handling is
similar to ARM-ETM AutoFocus (LA-7991).
The preprocessor can also determined by the ID shown in VERSION.HARDWARE.
The JTAG connector of the preprocessor is a 34-pin connector. The connector is located under the blue flat
cable connectors. A converter is required, if you are using a debug cable with a non-MIPI connector (e.g. an
ARM Converter ARM-20 to MIPI-34 (LA-3770)).
Flex Extension Cable

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Software Installation
TRACE32 PowerView includes debug and trace tool support. An extra software installation is not required,
but valid license keys are required.
Recommendation for the Software Start
1. Disconnect the debug cable from the target while the target power is off.
2. Start the TRACE32 software.
3. Connect the debug cable directly to the target.
- If there is no appropriate jack on your target, you can also connect the debug cable to the
preprocessor (for ARM/Mipi conform devices only).
- Alternatively, connect the debug cable to an additional converter PCB, which splits debug and
trace signals. The converter PCB needs to be ordered separately at Lauterbach.
4. Connect the preprocessor to your target’s trace port by using the flex extension cable delivered
with your preprocessor. For port sizes greater 16 bit, you need to connect port TRACE B as well,
using a second Mictor flex extension (not for LA-7993).
5. Switch the target power on.
6. Run your start-up script.
Recommendation for Power Down
1. Switch off the target power.
2. Disconnect the debug cable and preprocessor (flex extension cable) from the target.
3. Shut down the TRACE32 PowerView GUI.
4. Switch off the TRACE32 hardware.
NOTE: The second flex extension has to be ordered additionally.

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Utilization
•Preprocessor
•Trace Port
Preprocessor
You can set up the preprocessor automatically or manually.
The automatic setup uses a pattern generator or a short test program to test the trace port. The availability of
the pattern generator is target dependent. TRACE32 will do the detection for you. Anyway, the way to force
test-program-based testing is still open for the user.
The short test program will be copied to the target memory (RAM) where the program pointer or the stack
pointer must point to. If both pointers does not point to RAM and no pattern generator is available, an error
message will be shown.
Automatic Setup
The automatic setup is applicable for the following cases:
• Constant core/trace frequency
• High signal integrity
• Low signal skew
Prerequisite:
• You have just run your start-up script in TRACE32 to set up your target.
To do an automatic setup of the preprocessor - option 1:
1. Make sure that the final core/trace frequency is set (Data.Set).
2. Make sure that the target application is stopped (Break).
3. Set program counter to target RAM address space (Register.Set PC).
The automatic setup is adequate in the most cases with free running clock signal.
In case of heavy electrical issues, large port sizes, gated clocking or high frequency
systems (>450MBaud) the manual setup may be the better choice.
NOTE: Steps 1 to 3 or 1 to 4 should be part of your start-up script.

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4. In the Trace.state window, click the AutoFocus button or execute Analyzer.AutoFocus.
5. If you receive a success message, you are ready to use the trace feature of TRACE32.
6. If you receive an error message, take these steps:
- Open an AREA window (AREA.view).
- Continue at chapter “Diagnosis”, page 26.
The test pattern allows very good detection of bit errors, but it is quite synthetic. A real target application
might produce additional electrical action on the PCB, which leads to a different signal integrity of the trace
signals. A second way to do the automatic setup might help. The main difference is that the trace data of a
real application are used.
Prerequisite:
• You have just run your start-up script in TRACE32.
To do an automatic setup - option 2:
1. Make sure that the final core/trace frequency is used (Data.Set).
2. Load your target application to the TRACE32 virtual memory (Data.Load.auto ... /VM).
3. Run the target application (Go).
4. In the Trace.state window, click the AutoFocus button or execute Analyzer.AutoFocus.
5. If you receive the message, you are ready to use the trace feature of TRACE32.
6. If you receive an error message, take these steps:
- Open an AREA window (AREA.view).
- Continue at chapter “Diagnosis”, page 26.

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Manual Setup
This section describes a manual setup of all sampling parameters for the preprocessor. The manual setup is
applicable for the following cases:
• Varying core/trace frequency
• Gated trace clock
• Low signal integrity or asymmetric clock waveforms
• High signal skew
• AutoFocus fails
To manually set up the sampling parameters for the preprocessor:
1. Enable termination (Analyzer.TERMination ON)
2. Set the threshold for clock and data to VCC/2 (Analyzer.THreshold VCC)
3. Scan the clock eye (Analyzer.TestFocusClockEye)
Accumulate multiple scans in case of varying clock frequency
(Analyzer.TestFocusEye /Accumulate)
4. Look for best threshold level (Analyzer.ShowFocusClockEye)
5. Set the threshold for clock (Analyzer.THreshold <clk>)
6. Scan the data eye (Analyzer.TestFocusEye)
Accumulate multiple scans in case of varying clock frequency
(Analyzer.TestFocusEye /Accumulate)
7. Look for best threshold level (Analyzer.ShowFocusEye)
8. Set the threshold for data (Analyzer.THreshold <clk> <dat>)
9. Scan the digital data eyes (Analyzer.TestFocus)
Accumulate multiple scans in case of varying clock frequency.
(Analyzer.TestFocus /Accumulate)
10. Define potential sampling points (Analyzer.ShowFocus)
11. Set the sampling points - one for each trace signal (Analyzer.SAMPLE).
Alternatively, double-click in the Analyzer.ShowFocus window to set the sampling points.
12. Test the trace port (Analyzer.TestFocus)
If you want to go deeper into the subject please see the information given in chapter Advanced Check.
More than one data eye could be shown in the Analyzer.ShowFocus window at
higher trace port speeds. It can be essential to select the correct data eye in case
of gated clocking. You should set all sampling points to the next visible data eye
and test again, if the trace port test fails at #12.

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Alternative:
1. Load your target application to the target board and to the TRACE32 virtual memory
(Data.Load.auto ... /PlusVM). The option PlusVM allows you to do both steps simultaneously.
2. On the TRACE32 toolbar, click Go to start your target application.
3. Perform steps 1 to 12 in the step-by-step procedure above.

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Trace Port
The AutoFocus preprocessor can be used to trace many different architectures. Each architecture requires
its own configuration on the target side to configure the CPU to send trace information.
A common trace setup consists of the following parts:
TRACE32 start-up
• Connection of system modules
• Establishing host connection
• Starting TRACE32 PowerView
TRACE32 setup
• Debug and trace port connection
• CPU (selection, system mode,...)
• Peripheral (external buffer enable,...)
• GPIO/trace port (PLL, pin manager,...)
• Trace logic (base address, filter,...)
• Application (frequency, I/O setup,...)
TRACE32 preprocessor setup
• Trace port (width,...)
• Sampling parameters (threshold, sampling point, termination,...)
Trace port test
• Check for correct data transmission and recording